1
|
Park SJ, Jung HJ. Bufotalin Suppresses Proliferation and Metastasis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Promoting Apoptosis and Inhibiting the STAT3/EMT Axis. Molecules 2023; 28:6783. [PMID: 37836626 PMCID: PMC10574664 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive type of breast cancer and has a poor prognosis. As standardized TNBC treatment regimens cause drug resistance and tumor recurrence, the development of new TNBC treatment strategies is urgently required. Bufotalin is a bufadienolide isolated from the skin and parotid venom glands of the toad Bufo gargarizan, and has several pharmacological properties, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. However, the anticancer effect and underlying molecular mechanisms of action of bufotalin in TNBC have not been fully studied. In the current study, we investigated the effects of bufotalin on the growth and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 TNBC cells. Bufotalin potently inhibited the proliferation of both TNBC cell lines by promoting cell cycle arrest and caspase-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, bufotalin effectively suppressed the migration and invasion of both TNBC cell lines by regulating the expression of key epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and integrin α6. Notably, the anticancer effect of bufotalin in TNBC cells was associated with the downregulation of the signal transducer and activator of the transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that the natural compound bufotalin may exert antiproliferative and antimetastatic activities in TNBC cells by modulating the apoptotic pathway and the STAT3/EMT axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Jin Park
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hye Jin Jung
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea
- Genome-Based BioIT Convergence Institute, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rajakumar T, Pugalendhi P. Allyl isothiocyanate inhibits invasion and angiogenesis in breast cancer via EGFR-mediated JAK-1/STAT-3 signaling pathway. Amino Acids 2023; 55:981-992. [PMID: 37310534 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis are the main events of cancer cells. JAK-1/STAT-3 is a key intracellular signaling transduction pathway, which controls the growth, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion, and angiogenesis of various cancer cells. The present study explored the impact of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on the JAK-1/STAT-3 pathway in DMBA-induced rat mammary tumorigenesis. The mammary tumor was initiated through a single dose of 25 mg DMBA/rat by a subcutaneous injection administered near the mammary gland. We observed decreased body weight and increased the total number of tumors, tumor incidence, tumor volume, well-developed tumor, and histopathological abnormalities in DMBA-induced rats that were modulated after being treated with AITC. Staining of mammary tissues showed a high accumulation of collagen in DMBA-induced rats and it was normalized by the AITC treatment. Moreover, DMBA-induced mammary tissues showed up-regulated expressions of EGFR, pJAK-1, pSTAT-3, nuclear fraction of STAT-3, VEGF, VEGFR2, HIF-1α, MMP-2, and MMP-9 and the down-regulated expressions of cytosolic fraction of STAT-3 and TIMP-2. Oral administration of AITC on DMBA-induced rats inhibits angiogenesis and invasion by modifying these angiogenic and invasive markers. The finding of the present study was further confirmed by molecular docking analysis that shows a strong binding interaction between AITC with STAT-3 and cocrystal structure of STAT-3 glide energy of -18.123 and -72.246 (kcal/mole), respectively. Overall, the results suggested that AITC inhibits activation of the JAK-1/STAT-3 pathway, which subsequently prevents angiogenesis and invasion. It was recommended that AITC might develop a beneficial effect against breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thangarasu Rajakumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pachaiappan Pugalendhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu T, Xie M, Jing X, Jiang H, Wu X, Wang X, Shu Y. Loss of miR-26b-5p promotes gastric cancer progression via miR-26b-5p-PDE4B/CDK8-STAT3 feedback loop. J Transl Med 2023; 21:77. [PMID: 36737782 PMCID: PMC9898947 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation is a well-known risk factor for the development of gastric cancer (GC). Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation-related GC progression are incompletely defined. METHODS Bioinformatic analysis was performed based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the expression of miR-26b-5p in GC cells and tissues was validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation was examined through Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), colony formation, flow cytometry, and tumor xenografts. Correlation between miR-26b-5p and Cyclin dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) or Phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) was analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter assays, qRT-PCR, and Western blot. The effect of miR-26b-5p on the Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway was investigated using Western blot, immunofluorescence (IF), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The impact of STAT3 on miR-26b-5p was determined by dual-luciferase reporter assays and qRT-PCR. RESULTS The expression of miR-26b-5p was significantly downregulated in Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori)-infected GC cells. The decreased expression of miR-26b-5p was also detected in GC cells and tissues compared to normal gastric epithelium cells (GES1) and normal adjacent gastric tissues. The low expression of miR-26b-5p promoted GC proliferation in vitro and in vivo and was related to the poor outcome of GC patients. In terms of mechanism, miR-26b-5p directly targeted PDE4B and CDK8, resulting in decreased phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3, which was associated with the regulation of GC proliferation by miR-26b-5p. Notably, miR-26b-5p was transcriptionally suppressed by STAT3, thus forming the miR-26b-5p-PDE4B/CDK8-STAT3 positive feedback loop. CONCLUSION The newly identified miR-26b-5p-PDE4B/CDK8-STAT3 feedback loop plays an important role in inflammation-related GC progression and may serve as a promising therapeutic target for GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Oncology, Gusu School, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengyan Xie
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinming Jing
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huning Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinzhu Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Oncology, Gusu School, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.
- Department of Oncology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Escalona RM, Chu S, Kadife E, Kelly JK, Kannourakis G, Findlay JK, Ahmed N. Knock down of TIMP-2 by siRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 mediates diverse cellular reprogramming of metastasis and chemosensitivity in ovarian cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:422. [PMID: 36585738 PMCID: PMC9805260 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endogenous tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), through its homeostatic action on certain metalloproteinases, plays a vital role in remodelling extracellular matrix (ECM) to facilitate cancer progression. This study investigated the role of TIMP-2 in an ovarian cancer cell line in which the expression of TIMP-2 was reduced by either siRNA or CRISPR/Cas9. METHODS OVCAR5 cells were transiently and stably transfected with either single or pooled TIMP-2 siRNAs (T2-KD cells) or by CRISPR/Cas9 under the influence of two distinct guide RNAs (gRNA1 and gRNA2 cell lines). The expression of different genes was analysed at the mRNA level by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) and at the protein level by immunofluorescence (IF) and western blot. Proliferation of cells was investigated by 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay or staining with Ki67. Cell migration/invasion was determined by xCELLigence. Cell growth in vitro was determined by 3D spheroid cultures and in vivo by a mouse xenograft model. RESULTS Approximately 70-90% knock down of TIMP-2 expression were confirmed in T2-KD, gRNA1 and gRNA2 OVCAR5 ovarian cancer cells at the protein level. T2-KD, gRNA1 and gRNA2 cells exhibited a significant downregulation of MMP-2 expression, but concurrently a significant upregulation in the expression of membrane bound MMP-14 compared to control and parental cells. Enhanced proliferation and invasion were exhibited in all TIMP-2 knocked down cells but differences in sensitivity to paclitaxel (PTX) treatment were observed, with T2-KD cells and gRNA2 cell line being sensitive, while the gRNA1 cell line was resistant to PTX treatment. In addition, significant differences in the growth of gRNA1 and gRNA2 cell lines were observed in in vitro 3D cultures as well as in an in vivo mouse xenograft model. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the inhibition of TIMP-2 by siRNA and CRISPR/Cas-9 modulate the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-14 and reprogram ovarian cancer cells to facilitate proliferation and invasion. Distinct disparities in in vitro chemosensitivity and growth in 3D culture, and differences in tumour burden and invasion to proximal organs in a mouse model imply that selective suppression of TIMP-2 expression by siRNA or CRISPR/Cas-9 alters important aspects of metastasis and chemosensitivity in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M. Escalona
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia ,Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Suites 23, 106-110 Lydiard Street South, Ballarat Technology Park Central, Ballarat, VIC 3350 Australia
| | - Simon Chu
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Elif Kadife
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Suites 23, 106-110 Lydiard Street South, Ballarat Technology Park Central, Ballarat, VIC 3350 Australia
| | - Jason K. Kelly
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Suites 23, 106-110 Lydiard Street South, Ballarat Technology Park Central, Ballarat, VIC 3350 Australia
| | - George Kannourakis
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Suites 23, 106-110 Lydiard Street South, Ballarat Technology Park Central, Ballarat, VIC 3350 Australia ,grid.1040.50000 0001 1091 4859School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University, Mt Helen, VIC 3350 Australia
| | - Jock K. Findlay
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Nuzhat Ahmed
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia ,Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Suites 23, 106-110 Lydiard Street South, Ballarat Technology Park Central, Ballarat, VIC 3350 Australia ,grid.1040.50000 0001 1091 4859School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University, Mt Helen, VIC 3350 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ajay AK, Zhao L, Vig S, Fujiwara M, Thakurela S, Jadhav S, Cho A, Chiu IJ, Ding Y, Ramachandran K, Mithal A, Bhatt A, Chaluvadi P, Gupta MK, Shah SI, Sabbisetti VS, Waaga-Gasser AM, Frank DA, Murugaiyan G, Bonventre JV, Hsiao LL. Deletion of STAT3 from Foxd1 cell population protects mice from kidney fibrosis by inhibiting pericytes trans-differentiation and migration. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110473. [PMID: 35263586 PMCID: PMC10027389 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a key transcription factor implicated in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis. Although Stat3 deletion in tubular epithelial cells is known to protect mice from fibrosis, vFoxd1 cells remains unclear. Using Foxd1-mediated Stat3 knockout mice, CRISPR, and inhibitors of STAT3, we investigate its function. STAT3 is phosphorylated in tubular epithelial cells in acute kidney injury, whereas it is expanded to interstitial cells in fibrosis in mice and humans. Foxd1-mediated deletion of Stat3 protects mice from folic-acid- and aristolochic-acid-induced kidney fibrosis. Mechanistically, STAT3 upregulates the inflammation and differentiates pericytes into myofibroblasts. STAT3 activation increases migration and profibrotic signaling in genome-edited, pericyte-like cells. Conversely, blocking Stat3 inhibits detachment, migration, and profibrotic signaling. Furthermore, STAT3 binds to the Collagen1a1 promoter in mouse kidneys and cells. Together, our study identifies a previously unknown function of STAT3 that promotes kidney fibrosis and has therapeutic value in fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra K Ajay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Renal Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shruti Vig
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mai Fujiwara
- Ann Romney Centre for Neurological Disease, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sudhir Thakurela
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Shreyas Jadhav
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew Cho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - I-Jen Chiu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Krithika Ramachandran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arushi Mithal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aanal Bhatt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pratyusha Chaluvadi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Section of Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sujal I Shah
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Venkata S Sabbisetti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A Frank
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Research Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gopal Murugaiyan
- Ann Romney Centre for Neurological Disease, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Li-Li Hsiao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim HD, Park EJ, Choi EK, Song SY, Hoe KL, Kim DU. G-749 Promotes Receptor Tyrosine Kinase TYRO3 Degradation and Induces Apoptosis in Both Colon Cancer Cell Lines and Xenograft Mouse Models. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:730241. [PMID: 34721022 PMCID: PMC8551583 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.730241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
G-749 is an FLT3 kinase inhibitor that was originally developed as a treatment for acute myeloid leukemia. Some FLT3 kinase inhibitors are dual kinase inhibitors that inhibit the TAM (Tyro3, Axl, Mer) receptor tyrosine kinase family and are used to treat solid cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). AXL promotes metastasis, suppression of immune response, and drug resistance in NSCLC and TNBC. G-749, a potential TAM receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and its derivative SKI-G-801, effectively inhibits the phosphorylation of AXL at nanomolar concentration (IC50 = 20 nM). This study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of G-749 targeting the TAM receptor tyrosine kinase in colon cancer. Here, we demonstrate the potential of G-749 to effectively inhibit tumorigenesis by degrading TYRO3 via regulated intramembrane proteolysis both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we demonstrated that G-749 inhibits the signaling pathway associated with cell proliferation in colon cancer cell lines HCT15 and SW620, as well as tumor xenograft mouse models. We propose G-749 as a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of colon cancer caused by abnormal TYRO3 expression or activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hae Dong Kim
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of New Drug Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
- Application Strategy and Development Division, GeneChem Inc., Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Choi
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seuk Young Song
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Lae Hoe
- Department of New Drug Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Kim
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Litviňuková M, Talavera-López C, Maatz H, Reichart D, Worth CL, Lindberg EL, Kanda M, Polanski K, Heinig M, Lee M, Nadelmann ER, Roberts K, Tuck L, Fasouli ES, DeLaughter DM, McDonough B, Wakimoto H, Gorham JM, Samari S, Mahbubani KT, Saeb-Parsy K, Patone G, Boyle JJ, Zhang H, Zhang H, Viveiros A, Oudit GY, Bayraktar OA, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Noseda M, Hubner N, Teichmann SA. Cells of the adult human heart. Nature 2020; 588:466-472. [PMID: 32971526 PMCID: PMC7681775 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 817] [Impact Index Per Article: 204.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Advanced insights into disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies require a deeper understanding of the molecular processes involved in the healthy heart. Knowledge of the full repertoire of cardiac cells and their gene expression profiles is a fundamental first step in this endeavour. Here, using state-of-the-art analyses of large-scale single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomes, we characterize six anatomical adult heart regions. Our results highlight the cellular heterogeneity of cardiomyocytes, pericytes and fibroblasts, and reveal distinct atrial and ventricular subsets of cells with diverse developmental origins and specialized properties. We define the complexity of the cardiac vasculature and its changes along the arterio-venous axis. In the immune compartment, we identify cardiac-resident macrophages with inflammatory and protective transcriptional signatures. Furthermore, analyses of cell-to-cell interactions highlight different networks of macrophages, fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes between atria and ventricles that are distinct from those of skeletal muscle. Our human cardiac cell atlas improves our understanding of the human heart and provides a valuable reference for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Litviňuková
- Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlos Talavera-López
- Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.,EMBL - EBI, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Henrike Maatz
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Reichart
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Catherine L Worth
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric L Lindberg
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Masatoshi Kanda
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Krzysztof Polanski
- Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Matthias Heinig
- Institute of Computational Biology (ICB), HMGU, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Informatics, Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Lee
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Kenny Roberts
- Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Liz Tuck
- Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Eirini S Fasouli
- Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Barbara McDonough
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Hiroko Wakimoto
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua M Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Samari
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Krishnaa T Mahbubani
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biorepository for Translational Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biorepository for Translational Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giannino Patone
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Joseph J Boyle
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.,Department of Histology and Embryology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun-Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anissa Viveiros
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Omer Ali Bayraktar
- Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - J G Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| | - Michela Noseda
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,British Heart Foundation Centre of Regenerative Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Norbert Hubner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK. .,Deptartment of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gharibi T, Babaloo Z, Hosseini A, Abdollahpour-alitappeh M, Hashemi V, Marofi F, Nejati K, Baradaran B. Targeting STAT3 in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 878:173107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
9
|
Burja B, Mertelj T, Frank-Bertoncelj M. Hi- JAKi-ng Synovial Fibroblasts in Inflammatory Arthritis With JAK Inhibitors. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:124. [PMID: 32432116 PMCID: PMC7214667 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)-Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is one of the central signaling hubs in inflammatory, immune and cancer cells. Inhibiting the JAK-STAT pathway with JAK inhibitors (jakinibs) constitutes an important therapeutic strategy in cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA). FDA has approved different jakinibs for the treatment of RA, including tofacitinib, baricitinib and upadacitinib, and several jakinibs are being tested in clinical trials. Here, we reviewed published studies of jakinib effects on resolving synovial pathology in inflammatory arthritis. We discussed the results of jakinibs on structural joint damage in clinical trials and explored the effects of jakinibs across different in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo synovial experimental models. We delved rigorously into experimental designs of in vitro fibroblast studies, deconvoluted jakinib efficacy in synovial fibroblasts across diverse experimental conditions and discussed their translatability in vivo. Synovial fibroblasts can readily activate the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in response to cytokine stimulation. We highlighted rather limited effects of jakinibs on the in vitro cultured synovial fibroblasts and inferred that direct and indirect (immune cell-dependent) actions of jakinibs are required to curb the fibroblast pathology in vivo. These actions have not been mimicked optimally in current in vitro experimental designs, where inflammatory stimuli do not naturally clear out with treatment as they do in vivo. While summarizing the broad knowledge of synovial jakinib effects, our review uniquely challenges future study designs to better mimick the jakinib actions in broader cell communities, as occurring in vivo in the inflamed synovium. This can deepen our understanding of collective synovial activities of jakinibs and their therapeutic limitations, thereby fostering jakinib development in arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blaž Burja
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tonja Mertelj
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Swiatek-Machado K, Kaminska B. STAT Signaling in Glioma Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1202:203-222. [PMID: 32034715 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) are latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that function as downstream effectors of cytokine and growth factor receptor signaling. The canonical JAK/STAT signaling pathway involves the activation of Janus kinases (JAK) or growth factors receptor kinases, phosphorylation of STAT proteins, their dimerization and translocation into the nucleus where STATs act as transcription factors with pleiotropic downstream effects. STAT signaling is tightly controlled with restricted kinetics due to action of its negative regulators. While STAT1 is believed to play an important role in growth arrest and apoptosis, and to act as a tumor suppressor, STAT3 and 5 are involved in promoting cell cycle progression, cellular transformation, and preventing apoptosis. Aberrant activation of STATs, in particular STAT3 and STAT5, have been found in a large number of human tumors, including gliomas and may contribute to oncogenesis. In this chapter, we have (1) summarized the mechanisms of STAT activation in normal and malignant signaling; (2) discussed evidence for the critical role of constitutively activated STAT3 and STAT5 in glioma pathobiology; (3) disclosed molecular and pharmacological strategies to interfere with STAT signaling for potential therapeutic intervention in gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Swiatek-Machado
- Laboratory of Transcription Regulation, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St, PL 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Transcription Regulation, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St, PL 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fibronectin in Cancer: Friend or Foe. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010027. [PMID: 31861892 PMCID: PMC7016990 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of fibronectin (FN) in tumorigenesis and malignant progression has been highly controversial. Cancerous FN plays a tumor-suppressive role, whereas it is pro-metastatic and associated with poor prognosis. Interestingly, FN matrix deposited in the tumor microenvironments (TMEs) promotes tumor progression but is paradoxically related to a better prognosis. Here, we justify how FN impacts tumor transformation and subsequently metastatic progression. Next, we try to reconcile and rationalize the seemingly conflicting roles of FN in cancer and TMEs. Finally, we propose future perspectives for potential FN-based therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
12
|
Jo MJ, Jeong S, Yun HK, Kim DY, Kim BR, Kim JL, Na YJ, Park SH, Jeong YA, Kim BG, Ashktorab H, Smoot DT, Heo JY, Han J, Lee DH, Oh SC. Genipin induces mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis via downregulation of Stat3/mcl-1 pathway in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:739. [PMID: 31351462 PMCID: PMC6661087 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genipin is a compound derived from gardenia fruit extract. Although Genipin has anti-tumor effects in various cancers, its effect and mechanism in gastric cancer remain unclear. Here, we investigated the relationship between the anticancer effect of Genipin and signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat3)/myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) in human gastric cancers. METHODS MTT assays were performed to determine the cell viability of gastric cancer and gastric epithelial cell lines (AGS, MKN45, SNU638, MKN74, HFE-145). A TUNEL assay and Western blotting were carried out to investigate apoptosis. Stat3 activity was measured by proteome profiler phospho kinase array, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. Mitochondria function was monitored with an XF24 analyzer and by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy using fluorescent probes for general mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). RESULTS Genipin induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells, including AGS and MKN45 cells. Genipin also reduced Mcl-1 mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, we found that phosphorylation of Stat3 is regulated by Genipin. Additionally, the protein level of phospho Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) was decreased by Genipin treatment, indicating that the Stat3/JAK2/Mcl-1 pathway is suppressed by Genipin treatment in gastric cancer cells. Mcl-1 is closely related to mitochondrial function. These findings suggest that Genipin contributes to the collapse of mitochondrial functions like MMP. CONCLUSIONS Genipin induced apoptosis by suppressing the Stat3/Mcl-1 pathway and led to mitochondrial dysfunction. Our results reveal a novel mechanism for the anti-cancer effect of Genipin in gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jee Jo
- 0000 0001 0840 2678grid.222754.4Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeong
- 0000 0004 0474 0479grid.411134.2Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Kyeong Yun
- 0000 0001 0840 2678grid.222754.4Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yeong Kim
- 0000 0001 0840 2678grid.222754.4Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Kim
- 0000 0004 0474 0479grid.411134.2Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Lim Kim
- 0000 0004 0474 0479grid.411134.2Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Na
- 0000 0001 0840 2678grid.222754.4Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hye Park
- 0000 0001 0840 2678grid.222754.4Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon A. Jeong
- 0000 0001 0840 2678grid.222754.4Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Bu Gyeom Kim
- 0000 0001 0840 2678grid.222754.4Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- 0000 0001 0547 4545grid.257127.4Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060 USA
| | - Duane T. Smoot
- Department of Medicine, Meharry Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37208 USA
| | - Jun Young Heo
- 0000 0001 0722 6377grid.254230.2Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chung-nam National University, Munhwa-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-747 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsu Han
- 0000 0001 0722 6377grid.254230.2Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chung-nam National University, Munhwa-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-747 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea. .,Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Cheul Oh
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea. .,Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rosati R, Shahab M, Neumann WL, Jamesdaniel S. Inhibition of protein nitration prevents cisplatin-induced inactivation of STAT3 and promotes anti-apoptotic signaling in organ of Corti cells. Exp Cell Res 2019; 381:105-111. [PMID: 31078568 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
JAK/STAT pathway is one among the several oxidative stress-responsive signaling pathways that play a critical role in facilitating cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Cisplatin treatment decreases the levels of cochlear LMO4, which acts as a scaffold for IL6-GP130 protein complex. Cisplatin-induced nitration and degradation of LMO4 could destabilize this protein complex, which in turn could compromise the downstream STAT3-mediated cellular defense mechanism. Here, we investigated the link between cisplatin-induced nitrative stress and STAT3-mediated apoptosis by using organ of Corti cell cultures. SRI110, a peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst that prevented cisplatin-induced decrease in LMO4 levels and ototoxicity, was used to inhibit nitrative stress. Immunoblotting and immunostaining indicated that cisplatin treatment decreased the expression levels, phosphorylation, and nuclear localization of STAT3 in UB/OC1 cells. Inhibition of nitration by SRI110 co-treatment prevented cisplatin-induced inactivation of STAT3 and promoted its nuclear localization. SRI110 co-treatment reversed the cisplatin-induced changes in the expression levels of Bcl2l1, Ccnd1, Jak2, Jak3, and Src and significantly attenuated the changes in the expression levels of Cdkn1a, Egfr, Fas, Il6st, Jak1, Stat3, and Tyk2. Collectively, these results suggest that the inhibition of cisplatin-induced nitration prevents the inactivation of STAT3, which in turn enables the transcription of anti-apoptotic genes and thereby helps to mitigate cisplatin-induced toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rosati
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Monazza Shahab
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - William L Neumann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| | - Samson Jamesdaniel
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bian C, Yuan L, Gai H. A long non-coding RNA LINC01288 facilitates non-small cell lung cancer progression through stabilizing IL-6 mRNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:443-449. [PMID: 31054777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) denotes a malignant type of cancers. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can actively participate in cancer development. However, the exact role of lncRNAs in NSCLC remains largely elusive. In current work, we report a novel intergenic lncRNA LINC01288 involved in NSCLC. We found that LINC01288 is frequently upregulated in NSCLC samples and cell lines. LINC01288 significantly promotes viability, migration, xenograft tumor growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. LINC01288 physically interacts with the IL-6 mRNA and increase the stability of IL-6 transcripts. Subsequently, the autocrine induction of IL-6 and enhanced STAT3 activation may facilitate NSCLC progression. Collectively, our data have demonstrated that LINC01288 serves as a crucial mediator of IL-6/STAT3 pathway and created novel interplay between lncRNAs and tumor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuixia Bian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Luna Yuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China.
| | - Huirong Gai
- Department of Medicine II, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, 266042, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Patera F, Cudzich-Madry A, Huang Z, Fragiadaki M. Renal expression of JAK2 is high in polycystic kidney disease and its inhibition reduces cystogenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4491. [PMID: 30872773 PMCID: PMC6418191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common renal genetic disorder, however it still lacks a cure. The discovery of new therapies heavily depends on understanding key signalling pathways that lead to ADPKD. The JAnus Kinase and Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is aberrantly activated and contributes to ADPKD pathogenesis via enhancing epithelial proliferation. Yet the mechanisms underlying the upregulation of JAK/STAT activity in this disease context is completely unknown. Here, we investigate the role of JAK2 in ADPKD using a murine model of ADPKD (Pkd1nl/nl). In normal kidneys, JAK2 expression is limited to tubular epithelial and vascular cells with lesser staining in bowman’s capsule and remains below detection level in the interstitium. By contrast, in kidneys of mice with ADPKD, JAK2 is higher in cyst-lining cells when compared to normal tubules and critically, it is ectopically expressed in the interstitium, suggesting that ectopic JAK2 may contribute to ADPKD. JAK2 activity was inhibited using either curcumin, a natural compound with strong JAK2 inhibitor activity, or Tofacitinib, a clinically used selective JAK small molecule inhibitor. JAK2 inhibition led to significantly reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 and markedly reduced cystic growth of human and mouse ADPKD-derived cells in cystogenesis assays. Taken together, our results indicate that blockade of JAK2 shows promise as a novel therapeutic target in ADPKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Patera
- Academic Nephrology Unit, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Cudzich-Madry
- Academic Nephrology Unit, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Zhi Huang
- Academic Nephrology Unit, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Fragiadaki
- Academic Nephrology Unit, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang J, Wang D, Wang L, Wang S, Roden AC, Zhao H, Li X, Prakash YS, Matteson EL, Tschumperlin DJ, Vassallo R. Profibrotic effect of IL-17A and elevated IL-17RA in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis-associated lung disease support a direct role for IL-17A/IL-17RA in human fibrotic interstitial lung disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L487-L497. [PMID: 30604628 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00301.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17 is a T helper 17 cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although IL-17A has a well-established role in murine pulmonary fibrosis models, its role in the tissue remodeling and fibrosis occurring in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and RA-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is not very well defined. To address this question, we utilized complimentary studies to determine responsiveness of human normal and pathogenic lung fibroblasts to IL-17A and used lung biopsies acquired from patients with IPF and RA-ILD to determine IL-17A receptor (IL-17RA) expression. Both normal and pathogenic IPF lung fibroblasts express functional IL-17RA and respond to IL-17A stimulation with cell proliferation, generation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and induction of myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing of IL-17RA attenuated this fibroblast response to IL-17A on ECM production. These fibroblast responses to IL-17A are dependent on NF-κB-mediated signaling. In addition, inhibiting Janus activated kinase (JAK) 2 by either siRNA or a selective pharmacological inhibitor, AZD1480-but not a JAK1/JAK3 selective inhibitor, tofacitinib-also significantly reduced this IL-17A-induced fibrogenic response. Lung biopsies of RA-ILD patients demonstrate significantly higher IL-17RA expression in areas of fibroblast accumulation and fibrosis, compared with either IPF or normal lung tissue. These observations support a direct role for IL-17A in lung fibrosis that may be particularly relevant in the context of RA-ILD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science , Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chongqing General Hospital , Chongqing , China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Lei Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Science , Beijing , China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anja C Roden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science , Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science , Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eric L Matteson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science , Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robert Vassallo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science , Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science , Rochester, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Arctigenin inhibits STAT3 and exhibits anticancer potential in human triple-negative breast cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 8:329-344. [PMID: 27861147 PMCID: PMC5352123 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are the most aggressive and hard-to-treat breast tumors with poor prognosis, and exploration for novel therapeutic drugs is impending. Arctigenin (Atn), a bioactive lignan isolated from seeds of Arctium lappa L, has been reported to inhibit many cancer types; however, the effect of Atn on TNBC remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that Atn decreased proliferation, and induced apoptosis in TNBC cells. Furthermore, we explored the underlying mechanism of Atn inhibition on TNBC cells. Computational docking and affinity assay showed that Atn bound to the SH2 domain of STAT3. Atn inhibited STAT3 binding to genomic DNA by disrupting hydrogen bond linking between DNA and STAT3. In addition, Atn augmented Taxotere®-induced TNBC cell cytotoxicity. TNBC xenograft tests also confirmed the antitumor effect of Atn in vivo. These characteristics render Atn as a promising candidate drug for further development and for designing new effective STAT3 inhibitors.
Collapse
|
18
|
Papaioannou I, Xu S, Denton CP, Abraham DJ, Ponticos M. STAT3 controls COL1A2 enhancer activation cooperatively with JunB, regulates type I collagen synthesis posttranscriptionally, and is essential for lung myofibroblast differentiation. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 29:84-95. [PMID: 29142074 PMCID: PMC5909935 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-06-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT3 binds the collagen 1α2 enhancer and cooperates with JunB to activate it. We also show that fibroblasts have high basal levels of STAT3 activation, so activation of the enhancer by STAT3 is not affected by IL6. However, IL6 results in protein-level changes. Inhibition of STAT3 blocks collagen production and matrix remodeling. Fibroblast differentiation is a key cellular process that underlies the process of fibrosis, a deadly complication of fibrotic diseases like scleroderma (SSc). This transition coincides with the overproduction of collagen type I (COL1) and other extracellular matrix proteins. High-level expression of the collagen type 1α2 subunit (COL1A2), requires the engagement of a far-upstream enhancer, whose activation is strongly dependent on the AP1 factor JunB. We now report that STAT3 also binds the COL1A2 enhancer and is essential for RNA polymerase recruitment, without affecting JunB binding. STAT3 is required for the increased COL1A2 expression observed in myofibroblasts. We also report that TGFβ partially activates STAT3 and show that inhibiting STAT3 potently blocks TGFβ signaling, matrix remodeling, and TGFβ-induced myofibroblast differentiation. Activation of STAT3 with IL6 transsignaling alone, however, only increased COL1A2 protein expression, leaving COL1A2 mRNA levels unchanged. Our results suggest that activated STAT3 is not the limiting factor for collagen enhancer activation in human lung fibroblasts. Yet, a certain threshold level of STAT3 activity is essential to support activation of the COL1A2 enhancer and TGFβ signaling in fibroblasts. We propose that STAT3 operates at the posttranscriptional as well as the transcriptional level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Papaioannou
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Shiwen Xu
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher P Denton
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - David J Abraham
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Markella Ponticos
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hubbard JM, Grothey A. Napabucasin: An Update on the First-in-Class Cancer Stemness Inhibitor. Drugs 2017; 77:1091-1103. [PMID: 28573435 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-017-0759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Napabucasin (BBI608) is an orally administered small molecule that blocks stem cell activity in cancer cells by targeting the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway is over-activated in many types of cancer and has been shown to be an important pathway in cancer stem cell-mediated propagation of cancer. Cancer stem cells are a subpopulation of cancer cells considered to be the primary source of tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to conventional therapies, and thus, responsible for cancer relapse. This review describes the clinical development program of this first-in-class cancer stemness inhibitor, including preclinical discovery, early clinical trials, current phase III clinical trial evaluation, and future therapeutic combinations. The therapeutic potential of napabucasin was first reported in a preclinical study that demonstrated the potent anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activity of napabucasin in several different cancer types, both in vitro and in vivo. In mouse models, napabucasin was effective both as a monotherapy and in combination with other agents; in particular, synergy was observed with paclitaxel in vivo. Napabucasin clinical trials have demonstrated encouraging anti-tumor activity as monotherapy and in combination with conventional therapeutics, with no significant pharmacokinetic interactions when used in combination therapies. Adverse events attributed to napabucasin have been predominantly mild, although some patients have experienced grade 3 gastrointestinal adverse events. More severe adverse events required reduced or discontinued dosing of napabucasin or medication to reverse or manage symptoms. In conclusion, napabucasin may prove useful in targeting cancer stem cells, with the potential to suppress metastasis and prevent relapse in patients with varying cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joleen M Hubbard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 First Street NW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Axel Grothey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 First Street NW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
HER2 in Breast Cancer Stemness: A Negative Feedback Loop towards Trastuzumab Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9050040. [PMID: 28445439 PMCID: PMC5447950 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9050040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed in approximately 20% of all breast cancers (BCs) is a poor prognosis factor and a precious target for BC therapy. Trastuzumab is approved by FDA to specifically target HER2 for treating HER2+ BC. However, about 60% of patients with HER2+ breast tumor develop de novo resistance to trastuzumab, partially due to the loss of expression of HER2 extracellular domain on their tumor cells. This is due to shedding/cleavage of HER2 by metalloproteinases (ADAMs and MMPs). HER2 shedding results in the accumulation of intracellular carboxyl-terminal HER2 (p95HER2), which is a common phenomenon in trastuzumab-resistant tumors and is suggested as a predictive marker for trastuzumab resistance. Up-regulation of the metalloproteinases is a poor prognosis factor and is commonly seen in mesenchymal-like cancer stem cells that are risen during epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. HER2 cleavage during EMT can explain why secondary metastatic tumors with high percentage of mesenchymal-like cancer stem cells are mostly resistant to trastuzumab but still sensitive to lapatinib. Importantly, many studies report HER2 interaction with oncogenic/stemness signaling pathways including TGF-β/Smad, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, JAK/STAT and Hedgehog. HER2 overexpression promotes EMT and the emergence of cancer stem cell properties in BC. Increased expression and activation of metalloproteinases during EMT leads to proteolytic cleavage and shedding of HER2 receptor, which downregulates HER2 extracellular domain and eventually increases trastuzumab resistance. Here, we review the hypothesis that a negative feedback loop between HER2 and stemness signaling drives resistance of BC to trastuzumab.
Collapse
|
21
|
Li T, Guo H, Zhao X, Jin J, Zhang L, Li H, Lu Y, Nie Y, Wu K, Shi Y, Fan D. Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation and Survival Is Enabled by a Cyclophilin B/STAT3/miR-520d-5p Signaling Feedback Loop. Cancer Res 2016; 77:1227-1240. [PMID: 28011625 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular links between inflammation and cancer remain obscure despite their great pathogenic significance. The JAK2/STAT3 pathway activated by IL6 and other proinflammatory cytokines has garnered attention as a pivotal link in cancer pathogenesis, but the basis for its activation in cancer cells is not understood. Here we report that an IL6-triggered feedback loop involving STAT3-mediated suppression of miR-520d-5p and upregulation of its downstream target cyclophilin B (CypB) regulate the growth and survival of gastric cancer cells. In clinical specimens of gastric cancer, we documented increased expression of CypB and activation of STAT3. Mechanistic investigations identified miR-520d-5p as a regulator of CypB mRNA levels. This signaling axis regulated gastric cancer growth by modulating phosphorylation of STAT3. Furthermore, miR-520d-5p was identified as a direct STAT3 target and IL6-mediated inhibition of miR-520d-5p relied upon STAT3 activity. Our findings define a positive feedback loop that drives gastric carcinogenesis as influenced by H. pylori infections that involve proinflammatory IL6 stimulation. Cancer Res; 77(5); 1227-40. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The 264 Hospital of PLA, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hanqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Central Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaodi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongquan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bryson BL, Junk DJ, Cipriano R, Jackson MW. STAT3-mediated SMAD3 activation underlies Oncostatin M-induced Senescence. Cell Cycle 2016; 16:319-334. [PMID: 27892764 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1259037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines in the developing tumor microenvironment (TME) can drive transformation and subsequent progression toward metastasis. Elevated levels of the Interleukin-6 (IL-6) family cytokine Oncostatin M (OSM) in the breast TME correlate with aggressive, metastatic cancers, increased tumor recurrence, and poor patient prognosis. Paradoxically, OSM engages a tumor-suppressive, Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3)-dependent senescence response in normal and non-transformed human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC). Here, we identify a novel link between OSM-activated STAT3 signaling and the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway that engages senescence in HMEC. Inhibition of functional TGF-β/SMAD signaling by expressing a dominant-negative TGF-β receptor, treating with a TGF-β receptor inhibitor, or suppressing SMAD3 expression using a SMAD3-shRNA prevented OSM-induced senescence. OSM promoted a protein complex involving activated-STAT3 and SMAD3, induced the nuclear localization of SMAD3, and enhanced SMAD3-mediated transcription responsible for senescence. In contrast, expression of MYC (c-MYC) from a constitutive promoter abrogated senescence and strikingly, cooperated with OSM to promote a transformed phenotype, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and invasiveness. Our findings suggest that a novel STAT3/SMAD3-signaling axis is required for OSM-mediated senescence that is coopted during the transformation process to confer aggressive cancer cell properties. Understanding how developing cancer cells bypass OSM/STAT3/SMAD3-mediated senescence may help identify novel targets for future "pro-senescence" therapies aiming to reengage this hidden tumor-suppressive response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Bryson
- a Department of Pathology , School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Damian J Junk
- a Department of Pathology , School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Rocky Cipriano
- a Department of Pathology , School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Mark W Jackson
- a Department of Pathology , School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA.,b Case Comprehensive Cancer Center , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Harwardt T, Lukas S, Zenger M, Reitberger T, Danzer D, Übner T, Munday DC, Nevels M, Paulus C. Human Cytomegalovirus Immediate-Early 1 Protein Rewires Upstream STAT3 to Downstream STAT1 Signaling Switching an IL6-Type to an IFNγ-Like Response. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005748. [PMID: 27387064 PMCID: PMC4936752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) major immediate-early 1 protein (IE1) is best known for activating transcription to facilitate viral replication. Here we present transcriptome data indicating that IE1 is as significant a repressor as it is an activator of host gene expression. Human cells induced to express IE1 exhibit global repression of IL6- and oncostatin M-responsive STAT3 target genes. This repression is followed by STAT1 phosphorylation and activation of STAT1 target genes normally induced by IFNγ. The observed repression and subsequent activation are both mediated through the same region (amino acids 410 to 445) in the C-terminal domain of IE1, and this region serves as a binding site for STAT3. Depletion of STAT3 phenocopies the STAT1-dependent IFNγ-like response to IE1. In contrast, depletion of the IL6 receptor (IL6ST) or the STAT kinase JAK1 prevents this response. Accordingly, treatment with IL6 leads to prolonged STAT1 instead of STAT3 activation in wild-type IE1 expressing cells, but not in cells expressing a mutant protein (IE1dl410-420) deficient for STAT3 binding. A very similar STAT1-directed response to IL6 is also present in cells infected with a wild-type or revertant hCMV, but not an IE1dl410-420 mutant virus, and this response results in restricted viral replication. We conclude that IE1 is sufficient and necessary to rewire upstream IL6-type to downstream IFNγ-like signaling, two pathways linked to opposing actions, resulting in repressed STAT3- and activated STAT1-responsive genes. These findings relate transcriptional repressor and activator functions of IE1 and suggest unexpected outcomes relevant to viral pathogenesis in response to cytokines or growth factors that signal through the IL6ST-JAK1-STAT3 axis in hCMV-infected cells. Our results also reveal that IE1, a protein considered to be a key activator of the hCMV productive cycle, has an unanticipated role in tempering viral replication. Our previous work has shown that the human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) major immediate-early 1 protein (IE1) modulates host cell signaling pathways involving proteins of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family. IE1 has also long been known to facilitate viral replication by activating transcription. In this report we demonstrate that IE1 is as significant a repressor as it is an activator of host gene expression. Many genes repressed by IE1 are normally induced via STAT3 signaling triggered by interleukin 6 (IL6) or related cytokines, whereas many genes activated by IE1 are normally induced via STAT1 signaling triggered by interferon gamma (IFNγ). Our results suggest that the repression of STAT3- and the activation of STAT1-responsive genes by IE1 are coupled. By targeting STAT3, IE1 rewires upstream STAT3 to downstream STAT1 signaling. Consequently, genes normally induced by IL6 are repressed while genes normally induced by IFNγ become responsive to IL6 in the presence of IE1. We also demonstrate that, by switching an IL6 to an IFNγ-like response, IE1 tempers viral replication. These results suggest an unanticipated dual role for IE1 in either promoting or limiting hCMV propagation and demonstrate how a key viral regulatory protein merges two central cellular signaling pathways to divert cytokine responses relevant to hCMV pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Harwardt
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simone Lukas
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marion Zenger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Reitberger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Danzer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Übner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Diane C. Munday
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Nevels
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (MN); (CP)
| | - Christina Paulus
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (MN); (CP)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ryan RE, Martin B, Mellor L, Jacob RB, Tawara K, McDougal OM, Oxford JT, Jorcyk CL. Oncostatin M binds to extracellular matrix in a bioactive conformation: implications for inflammation and metastasis. Cytokine 2015; 72:71-85. [PMID: 25622278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is an interleukin-6-like inflammatory cytokine reported to play a role in a number of pathological processes including cancer. Full-length OSM is expressed as a 26 kDa protein that can be proteolytically processed into 24 kDa and 22 kDa forms via removal of C-terminal peptides. In this study, we examined both the ability of OSM to bind to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the activity of immobilized OSM on human breast carcinoma cells. OSM was observed to bind to ECM proteins collagen types I and XI, laminin, and fibronectin in a pH-dependent fashion, suggesting a role for electrostatic bonds that involves charged amino acids of both the ECM and OSM. The C-terminal extensions of 24 kDa and 26 kDa OSM, which contains six and thirteen basic amino acids, respectively, enhanced electrostatic binding to ECM at pH 6.5-7.5 when compared to 22 kDa OSM. The highest levels of OSM binding to ECM, though, were observed at acidic pH 5.5, where all forms of OSM bound to ECM proteins to a similar extent. This indicates additional electrostatic binding properties independent of the OSM C-terminal extensions. The reducing agent dithiothreitol also inhibited the binding of OSM to ECM suggesting a role for disulfide bonds in OSM immobilization. OSM immobilized to ECM was protected from cleavage by tumor-associated proteases and maintained activity following incubation at acidic pH for extended periods of time. Importantly, immobilized OSM remained biologically active and was able to induce and sustain the phosphorylation of STAT3 in T47D and ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells over prolonged periods, as well as increase levels of STAT1 and STAT3 protein expression. Immobilized OSM also induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated morphological changes in T47D cells. Taken together, these data indicate that OSM binds to ECM in a bioactive state that may have important implications for the development of chronic inflammation and tumor metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randall E Ryan
- Department of Biological Sciences, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States; Biomolecular Research Center, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Bryan Martin
- Biomolecular Research Center, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Liliana Mellor
- Biomolecular Research Center, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Reed B Jacob
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Ken Tawara
- Department of Biological Sciences, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States; Biomolecular Research Center, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Owen M McDougal
- Biomolecular Research Center, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Julia Thom Oxford
- Department of Biological Sciences, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States; Biomolecular Research Center, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Cheryl L Jorcyk
- Department of Biological Sciences, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States; Biomolecular Research Center, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Integration of genome-wide of Stat3 binding and epigenetic modification mapping with transcriptome reveals novel Stat3 target genes in glioma cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1839:1341-50. [PMID: 25111868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is constitutively activated in many human tumors, including gliomas, and regulates the expression of genes implicated in proliferation, survival, apoptosis, angiogenesis and immune regulation. Only a small fraction of those genes has been proven to be direct STAT3 targets. In gliomas, STAT3 can play tumor suppressive or oncogenic roles depending on the tumor genetic background with target genes being largely unknown. RESULTS We used chromatin immunoprecipitation, promoter microarrays and deep sequencing to assess the genome-wide occupancy of phospho (p)-Stat3 and epigenetic modifications of H3K4me3 and H3ac in C6 glioma cells. This combined assessment identified a list of 1200 genes whose promoters have both Stat3 binding sites and epigenetic marks characteristic for actively transcribed genes. The Stat3 and histone markings data were also intersected with a set of microarray data from C6 glioma cells after inhibition of Jak2/Stat3 signaling. Subsequently, we found 284 genes characterized by p-Stat3 occupancy, activating histone marks and transcriptional changes. Novel genes were screened for their potential involvement in oncogenesis, and the most interesting hits were verified by ChIP-PCR and STAT3 knockdown in human glioma cells. CONCLUSIONS Non-random association between silent genes, histone marks and p-Stat3 binding near transcription start sites was observed, consistent with its repressive role in transcriptional regulation of target genes in glioma cells with specific genetic background.
Collapse
|
26
|
Wendt MK, Balanis N, Carlin CR, Schiemann WP. STAT3 and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in carcinomas. JAKSTAT 2014; 3:e28975. [PMID: 24843831 PMCID: PMC4024059 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.28975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular programs coupled to cycles of epithelial–mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) play critical roles during embryogenesis, as well as during tissue development, remodeling, and repair. Research over the last decade has established the importance of an ever-expanding list of master EMT transcription factors, whose activity is regulated by STAT3 and function to stimulate the rapid transition of cells between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes. Importantly, inappropriate reactivation of embryonic EMT programs in carcinoma cells underlies their metastasis to distant organ sites, as well as their acquisition of stem cell-like and chemoresistant phenotypes operant in eliciting disease recurrence. Thus, targeted inactivation of master EMT transcription factors may offer new inroads to alleviate metastatic disease. Here we review the molecular, cellular, and microenvironmental factors that contribute to the pathophysiological activities of STAT3 during its regulation of EMT programs in human carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Wendt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology; Purdue University; West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Nikolas Balanis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Cathleen R Carlin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland, OH USA
| | - William P Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland, OH USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang SW, Sun YM. The IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway: potential therapeutic strategies in treating colorectal cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1032-40. [PMID: 24430672 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the cytokines linked to inflammation-associated cancer, interleukin (IL)-6 drives many of the cancer 'hallmarks' through downstream activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) signaling pathway. Additionally, dysregulation of the interleukin (IL)-6-mediated JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway is closely related to the development of diverse human solid tumors including colorectal cancer (CRC). On this basis, modulation of the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway is currently being widely explored to develop novel therapies for CRC. The present review details the mechanisms and roles of the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway in CRC, describes current therapeutic strategies, and the search for potential therapeutic approaches to treat CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wei Wang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Ming Sun
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liang Q, Ma C, Zhao Y, Gao G, Ma J. Inhibition of STAT3 reduces astrocytoma cell invasion and constitutive activation of STAT3 predicts poor prognosis in human astrocytoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84723. [PMID: 24386409 PMCID: PMC3875539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytoma cells characteristically possess high invasion potentials. Recent studies have revealed that knockdown of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression by RNAi induces apoptosis in astrocytoma cell. Nevertheless, the distinct roles of STAT3 in astrocytoma's invasion and recurrence have not been elucidated. In this study, we silenced STAT3 using Small interfering RNAs in two human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines (U251 and U87), and investigated the effect on GBM cell adhesion and invasion. Our results demonstrate that disruption of STAT3 inhibits GBM cell's adhesion and invasion. Knockdown of STAT3 significantly increased E-cadherin but decreased N-cadherin, vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9. Additionally, expression of pSTAT3(Tyr705) correlates with astrocytoma WHO classification, Karnofsky performance status scale score, tumor recurrence and survival. Furthermore, pSTAT3(Tyr705) is a significant prognostic factor in astrocytoma. In conclusion, STAT3 may affect astrocytoma invasion, expression of pSTAT3(Tyr705) is a significant prognostic factor in tumor recurrence and overall survival in astrocytoma patients. Therefore, STAT3 may provide a potential target for molecular therapy in human astrocytoma, and pSTAT3(Tyr705)could be an important biomarker for astrocytoma prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinchuan Liang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tang-Du Hospital, Institution for Functional Neurosurgery of P.L.A., Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shannxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenkai Ma
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guodong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tang-Du Hospital, Institution for Functional Neurosurgery of P.L.A., Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shannxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hu WC. Human immune responses to Plasmodium falciparum infection: molecular evidence for a suboptimal THαβ and TH17 bias over ideal and effective traditional TH1 immune response. Malar J 2013; 12:392. [PMID: 24188121 PMCID: PMC3928643 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using microarray analysis, this study showed up-regulation of toll-like receptors 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, NF-κB, TNF, p38-MAPK, and MHC molecules in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells following infection with Plasmodium falciparum. METHODS This analysis reports herein further studies based on time-course microarray analysis with focus on malaria-induced host immune response. RESULTS The results show that in early malaria, selected immune response-related genes were up-regulated including α β and γ interferon-related genes, as well as genes of IL-15, CD36, chemokines (CXCL10, CCL2, S100A8/9, CXCL9, and CXCL11), TRAIL and IgG Fc receptors. During acute febrile malaria, up-regulated genes included α β and γ interferon-related genes, IL-8, IL-1b IL-10 downstream genes, TGFB1, oncostatin-M, chemokines, IgG Fc receptors, ADCC signalling, complement-related genes, granzymes, NK cell killer/inhibitory receptors and Fas antigen. During recovery, genes for NK receptors and granzymes/perforin were up-regulated. When viewed in terms of immune response type, malaria infection appeared to induce a mixed TH1 response, in which α and β interferon-driven responses appear to predominate over the more classic IL-12 driven pathway. In addition, TH17 pathway also appears to play a significant role in the immune response to P. falciparum. Gene markers of TH17 (neutrophil-related genes, TGFB1 and IL-6 family (oncostatin-M)) and THαβ (IFN-γ and NK cytotoxicity and ADCC gene) immune response were up-regulated. Initiation of THαβ immune response was associated with an IFN-αβ response, which ultimately resulted in moderate-mild IFN-γ achieved via a pathway different from the more classic IL-12 TH1 pattern. CONCLUSIONS Based on these observations, this study speculates that in P. falciparum infection, THαβ/TH17 immune response may predominate over ideal TH1 response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chung Hu
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang Q, Raje V, Yakovlev VA, Yacoub A, Szczepanek K, Meier J, Derecka M, Chen Q, Hu Y, Sisler J, Hamed H, Lesnefsky EJ, Valerie K, Dent P, Larner AC. Mitochondrial localized Stat3 promotes breast cancer growth via phosphorylation of serine 727. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:31280-8. [PMID: 24019511 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.505057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is a key mediator in the development of many cancers. For 20 years, it has been assumed that Stat3 mediates its biological activities as a nuclear localized transcription factor activated by many cytokines. However, recent studies from this laboratory and others indicate that Stat3 has an independent function in the mitochondria (mitoStat3) where it controls the activity of the electron transport chain (ETC) and mediates Ras-induced transformation of mouse embryo fibroblasts. The actions of mitoStat3 in controlling respiration and Ras transformation are mediated by the phosphorylation state of serine 727. To address the role of mitoStat3 in the pathogenesis of cells that are transformed, we used 4T1 breast cancer cells, which form tumors that metastasize in immunocompetent mice. Substitution of Ser-727 for an alanine or aspartate in Stat3 that has a mitochondrial localization sequence, MLS-Stat3, has profound effects on tumor growth, complex I activity of the ETC, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cells expressing MLS-Stat3(S727A) display slower tumor growth, decreased complex I activity of the ETC, and increased ROS accumulation under hypoxia compared with cells expressing MLS-Stat3. In contrast, cells expressing MLS-Stat3(S727D) show enhanced tumor growth and complex I activity and decreased production of ROS. These results highlight the importance of serine 727 of mitoStat3 in breast cancer and suggest a novel role for mitoStat3 in regulation of ROS concentrations through its action on the ETC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qifang Zhang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Deng J, Jiao X, Liu H, Wu L, Zhang R, Wang B, Pan Y, Hao X, Liang H. Lymph node metastasis is mediated by suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 in gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:3627-36. [PMID: 23824571 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0944-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3), a multifunctional cytokine, is able to inhibit cell growth and migration by blocking the Janus kinase signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling (JAK/STAT) activation in oncogenesis. Although the STAT-3 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis from gastric cancer (GC), the implication of SOCS-3 expression in GC is not clearly elucidated. In this study, SOCS-3, STAT-3, and pSTAT-3 were evaluated in GC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues of 107 patients who underwent curative surgery by immunohistochemistry. Further, SOCS-3 and STAT-3 mRNA levels were also detected simultaneously. In addition, survival analysis was performed between clinicopathologic variables and prognosis of GC patients. Finally, correlative analysis was adopted for demonstration the best predicator of the survival independent factor. From the results, we demonstrated that only the lymph node metastasis was the independent predictor of the overall survival (OS) of GC patients, although SOCS-3, STAT-3, and other variables were significantly relative to OS. With multivariate logistical regression analysis, SOCS-3, STAT-3, and the status of extragastric nodal metastasis were identified to be the independent factors of the lymph node metastasis from GC. Ultimately, the SOCS-3 was the best predicator of lymph node metastasis from GC identified with the nominal regression analysis. Therefore, SOCS-3 should be considered as a potential indicator for prediction the lymph node metastasis from GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Deng
- Department of Gastric Cancer Surgery, City Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dey G, Radhakrishnan A, Syed N, Thomas JK, Nadig A, Srikumar K, Mathur PP, Pandey A, Lin SK, Raju R, Prasad TSK. Signaling network of Oncostatin M pathway. J Cell Commun Signal 2013; 7:103-8. [PMID: 23255051 PMCID: PMC3660694 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-012-0186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gourav Dey
- />Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560 066 India
| | - Aneesha Radhakrishnan
- />Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560 066 India
- />Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014 India
| | - Nazia Syed
- />Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560 066 India
- />Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014 India
| | - Joji Kurian Thomas
- />Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560 066 India
- />School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetam, Kollam, 690 525 India
| | - Arpitha Nadig
- />Department of Bioinformatics, Kuvempu University, Karnataka Shankaraghatta, 577 451 India
| | - Kotteazeth Srikumar
- />Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014 India
| | - Premendu Prakash Mathur
- />Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014 India
- />KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751 024 India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- />McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and Departments of Biological Chemistry, Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Sze-Kwan Lin
- />School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Chang-Te Street, Taipei, 10016 Taiwan
| | - Rajesh Raju
- />Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560 066 India
| | - T. S. Keshava Prasad
- />Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560 066 India
- />School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetam, Kollam, 690 525 India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Vlaicu P, Mertins P, Mayr T, Widschwendter P, Ataseven B, Högel B, Eiermann W, Knyazev P, Ullrich A. Monocytes/macrophages support mammary tumor invasivity by co-secreting lineage-specific EGFR ligands and a STAT3 activator. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:197. [PMID: 23597096 PMCID: PMC3648435 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) promote malignant progression, yet the repertoire of oncogenic factors secreted by TAM has not been clearly defined. We sought to analyze which EGFR- and STAT3-activating factors are secreted by monocytes/macrophages exposed to tumor cell-secreted factors. Methods Following exposure of primary human monocytes and macrophages to supernatants of a variety of tumor cell lines, we have analyzed transcript and secreted protein levels of EGFR family ligands and of STAT3 activators. To validate our findings, we have analyzed TAM infiltration levels, systemic and local protein levels as well as clinical data of primary breast cancer patients. Results Primary human monocytes and macrophages respond to tumor cell-derived factors by secreting EGFR- and STAT3-activating ligands, thus inducing two important oncogenic pathways in carcinoma cells. Tumor cell-secreted factors trigger two stereotype secretory profiles in peripheral blood monocytes and differentiated macrophages: monocytes secrete epiregulin (EREG) and oncostatin-M (OSM), while macrophages secrete heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and OSM. HB-EGF and OSM cooperatively induce tumor cell chemotaxis. HB-EGF and OSM are co-expressed by TAM in breast carcinoma patients, and plasma levels of both ligands correlate strongly. Elevated HB-EGF levels accompany TAM infiltration, tumor growth and dissemination in patients with invasive disease. Conclusions Our work identifies systemic markers for TAM involvement in cancer progression, with the potential to be developed into molecular targets in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Vlaicu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Oncostatin-M promotes phenotypic changes associated with mesenchymal and stem cell-like differentiation in breast cancer. Oncogene 2013; 33:1485-94. [PMID: 23584474 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cell (CSC) biology and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are thought to be mechanistically linked and may be key components of cancer development and progression. However, stimuli that induce EMT and CSC-like features ('stemness') are poorly defined. We and others have shown that the inflammatory cytokine oncostatin-M (OSM) mediates phenotypic changes in breast cancer that are consistent with EMT and dedifferentiation, including enhanced migration and loss of hormone receptors. In this study, we have expanded on these prior observations to determine whether OSM is a cell-extrinsic driver of EMT and/or stemness. OSM stimulation of the luminal breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and T47D induced EMT features including loss of membranous E-cadherin and induction of snail and slug expression. OSM treatment markedly enhanced the formation of mammospheres (up to 20-fold, P<0.001), which displayed high expression of the pluripotency factor SOX2. The proportion of cells with a CD44(high)CD24(-/low) phenotype was similarly increased by OSM (P<0.001). OSM-induced mammosphere formation and CD44(high)CD24(-/low) induction was dependent on PI3K signalling. In silico analysis of human breast tumours (from a publicly available data set, n=322) confirmed that co-expression of a PI3K transcriptional signature, but not MAPK or STAT3 signatures, was necessary to detect an association between OSMR and poor prognosis. Assessment of a second in silico data set (n=241 breast tumours) confirmed a significant relationship between OSMR, markers of EMT and CSCs, and chemotherapy resistance. Direct analysis of mRNA expression by RT-PCR in a third cohort (n=72 breast tumours) demonstrated that high expression of OSM is associated positively with indicators of EMT (SNAI1, P<0.001) and stemness (SOX2, P<0.05). Our data suggest for the first time that OSM may promote a clinically relevant EMT/CSC-like phenotype in human breast cancer via a PI3K-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
|
35
|
Waiwut P, Shin MS, Yokoyama S, Saiki I, Sakurai H. Gomisin A enhances tumor necrosis factor-α-induced G1 cell cycle arrest via signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-mediated phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 35:1997-2003. [PMID: 23123471 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gomisin A, a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis, has been reported as an anti-cancer substance. In this study, we investigated the effects of gomisin A on cancer cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest in HeLa cells. Gomisin A significantly inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner after 72 h treatment, especially in the presence of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), due to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase with the downregulation of cyclin D1 expression and Retinoblastoma (RB) phosphorylation. In addition, gomisin A in combination with TNF-α strongly suppressed the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). Inhibition of STAT1 pathways by a small-interfering RNA against STAT1 and AG490 Janus kinase (JAK) kinase inhibitor AG490 reduced the cyclin D1 expression and RB phosphorylation, indicating that JAK-mediated STAT1 activation is involved in gomisin A-induced G1 cell cycle arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pornthip Waiwut
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930–0194, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hasselbalch HC. The role of cytokines in the initiation and progression of myelofibrosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:133-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
37
|
Chen Y, Wang J, Wang X, Liu X, Li H, Lv Q, Zhu J, Wei B, Tang Y. STAT3, a Poor Survival Predicator, Is Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis from Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2013; 16:40-9. [PMID: 23593080 PMCID: PMC3625768 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2013.16.1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to explore signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression in breast cancer and to analyze the detailed mechanism that STAT3 contributes to the progression of breast cancer. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathologic characteristics and overall survival (OS) of 140 breast cancer patients after curative surgery, and detected STAT3 expression, phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) expression, Ki-67 expression, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and -D expression in breast cancer tissues, and adjacent nontumor tissues. Survival analysis and relationship analysis were adopted for demonstrated the important mechanism of STAT3 contribution to progression of breast cancer. RESULTS STAT3 expression, pSTAT3 expression, Ki-67 expression, VEGF-C expression, and VEGF-D expression in breast cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent nontumor tissues, respectively. With survival analysis, only number of lymph node metastasis (N stage) was identified as the independent predictors of the OS of breast cancer patients. Besides, we demonstrated there was the most prominent correlation between STAT3 expression and lymph node metastasis in breast cancer tissues by using the multinominal regression method. CONCLUSION STAT3, a poor survival biomarker potential association with lymph node metastasis, was suitable for predication the OS of breast cancer patients after curative resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Western China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jia Y, Liu D, Xiao D, Ma X, Han S, Zheng Y, Sun S, Zhang M, Gao H, Cui X, Wang Y. Expression of AFP and STAT3 is involved in arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in AFP-producing gastric cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54774. [PMID: 23382965 PMCID: PMC3559880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing gastric cancer (AFPGC), represented by the production of AFP, has a more aggressive behavior than common gastric cancer. The underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is used clinically to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL) and has activity in vitro against several solid tumor cell lines, with induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation the prime effects. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has an important role in tumorigenesis of various primary cancers and cancer cell by upregulating cell-survival and downregulating tumor suppressor proteins. Here, we found decreased expression of AFP and STAT3 after induction of apoptosis by As2O3 in the AFPGC FU97 cells. Also, the level of the STAT3 target oncogene Bcl-2 was decreased with As2O3, and that of the tumor suppressor Bax was increased. Furthermore, STAT3 expression and depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis were associated. Survival of patients with gastric cancer was lower with AFP and STAT3 double overexpression than with overexpression of either alone. Downregulation of AFP and STAT3 expression plays an important role in As2O3-induced apoptosis of AFPGC cells, which suggests a new mechanism of As2O3-induced cell apoptosis. As2O3 may be a possible agent for AFPGC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Jia
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Province Key Lab of Tumor Target Molecule, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dezhi Liu
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongjie Xiao
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuyi Han
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shanhui Sun
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Maoxiu Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xia Cui
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Province Key Lab of Tumor Target Molecule, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lee HJ, Daver N, Kantarjian HM, Verstovsek S, Ravandi F. The role of JAK pathway dysregulation in the pathogenesis and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:327-35. [PMID: 23209034 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F mutation has improved our understanding of the pathophysiology of myeloproliferative neoplasms such as polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis. Before discovery of the JAK2 V617F mutation, there were no specific targeted therapies for patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. More recently, several small-molecule inhibitors have been developed that have shown therapeutic potential in the clinical setting. There is evidence that the JAK2 pathway is dysregulated in some acute myeloid leukemias and may also represent a novel therapeutic target in this disease. In this review, we describe the preclinical, clinical, and pathophysiologic evidence for using JAK inhibitors in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hun Ju Lee
- Department of Lymphoma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Adach-Kilon A, Swiatek-Machado K, Kaminska B, Dabrowski M. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1) maintains basal mRNA expression of pro-survival stat3-target genes in glioma C6 cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 112:3685-94. [PMID: 21815198 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The STAT proteins (signal transducers and activators of transcription) are transcription factors mediating cytokine/growth factor signaling, which play important role in controlling cell cycle progression and apoptosis. In many cancer cell lines and tumors (including gliomas) the STAT proteins (in particular Stats 1, 3, and 5) are persistently activated. In this study, we employed DNA decoys, siRNAs, and protein overexpression, to elucidate the role of Stat1 and Stat3 in regulation of expression of endogenous Stat3-target genes (Bcl2l1, Myc, Ccnd1) and a Stat-driven reporter plasmid, in rat C6 glioma cells. The results obtained with the decoys and siRNA suggest that in proliferating C6 cells, Stat1 supports the basal expression of Bcl2l1, while the decoy and chromatin immunoprecipitation results suggest it also plays a similar role for Myc. In the Stat-driven reporter system, overexpression of Stat1 stimulated, while overexpression of Stat3 inhibited the reporter gene expression. The level of Stat1 phosphorylation observed under basal conditions in proliferating glioma C6 cells is very low. Therefore, we speculate that it is the activity of the unphosphorylated Stat1 that is inhibited by Stat1 decoy or Stat1 siRNA. Taken together, our results demonstrate that it is Stat1 not Stat3 that maintains the expression of Bcl2l1 and possibly Myc in proliferating glioma C6 cells. An established paradigm is that Stat3 exerts a pro-survival and potentially oncogenic effects, while Stat1 is mainly associated with the immune response. Our results add to a number of reports that challenge this paradigm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Adach-Kilon
- Laboratory of Transcription Regulation, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
West NR, Murphy LC, Watson PH. Oncostatin M suppresses oestrogen receptor-α expression and is associated with poor outcome in human breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2012; 19:181-95. [PMID: 22267707 DOI: 10.1530/erc-11-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The most important clinical biomarker for breast cancer management is oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Tumours that express ER are candidates for endocrine therapy and are biologically less aggressive, while ER-negative tumours are largely treated with conventional chemotherapy and have a poor prognosis. Despite its significance, the mechanisms regulating ER expression are poorly understood. We hypothesised that the inflammatory cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) can downregulate ER expression in breast cancer. Recombinant OSM potently suppressed ER protein and mRNA expression in vitro in a dose- and time-dependent manner in two human ER+ breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 and T47D. This was dependent on the expression of OSM receptor beta (OSMRβ) and could be blocked by inhibition of the MEKK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinases. ER loss was also necessary for maximal OSM-induced signal transduction and migratory activity. In vivo, high expression of OSM and OSMR mRNA (determined by RT-PCR) was associated with reduced ER (P<0.01) and progesterone receptor (P<0.05) protein levels in a cohort of 70 invasive breast cancers. High OSM and OSMR mRNA expression was also associated with low expression of ESR1 (ER, P<0.0001) and ER-regulated genes in a previously published breast cancer gene expression dataset (n=321 cases). In the latter cohort, high OSMR expression was associated with shorter recurrence-free and overall survival in univariate (P<0.0001) and multivariate (P=0.022) analyses. OSM signalling may be a novel factor causing suppression of ER and disease progression in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R West
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Xiong H, Du W, Wang JL, Wang YC, Tang JT, Hong J, Fang JY. Constitutive activation of STAT3 is predictive of poor prognosis in human gastric cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2012; 90:1037-46. [PMID: 22328012 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling, especially STAT3 and STAT5, are involved in the oncogenesis of several human cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). However, the downstream targets of STAT3 and STAT5 are not fully identified, and the precise roles and the prognostic value of STAT3 and STAT5 in GC have not been fully characterized. In this study, we used ChIP-on-chip to identify STAT3 and STAT5 target genes on a whole genome scale in AGS cells, a human GC cell line. A total of 2,514 and 1,314 genes were identified as STAT3 and STAT5 target genes, which were mainly related to cell growth, metabolism, differentiation, adhesion, immune response, and stress response. Furthermore, we depleted STAT3 and STAT5 with a small interfering RNA, respectively. Our results demonstrate that STAT3, but not STAT5, is involved in GC cell growth and cell cycle progression through regulation of gene expression, such as Bcl-2, p16(ink4a) and p21(waf1/cip1). Moreover, expression of pSTAT3(Tyr705) correlates with TNM stage, differentiation and survival, and is a significant prognostic factor in GC. Therefore, our findings provide novel evidence that STAT3 may be a potential therapeutic target for GC treatment and pSTAT3(Tyr705) expression can predict prognosis in GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xiong
- GI Division, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine Renji Hospital, Shanghai Institution of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhao Y, Zhang J, Xia H, Zhang B, Jiang T, Wang J, Chen X, Wang Y. Stat3 is involved in the motility, metastasis and prognosis in lingual squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Biochem Funct 2012; 30:340-6. [PMID: 22302289 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan; China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan; China
| | - Haibin Xia
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan; China
| | - Bi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan; China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan; China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan; China
| | - Xinmin Chen
- Department of Pathology, School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan; China
| | - Yining Wang
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan; China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sun M, Liu C, Nadiminty N, Lou W, Zhu Y, Yang J, Evans CP, Zhou Q, Gao AC. Inhibition of Stat3 activation by sanguinarine suppresses prostate cancer cell growth and invasion. Prostate 2012; 72:82-9. [PMID: 21538419 PMCID: PMC3938016 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is an oncogenic transcriptional factor that plays a critical role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression and is a potential therapeutic target. Sanguinarine, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid derived primarily from the bloodroot plant, was identified previously as a novel inhibitor of survivin that selectively kills prostate cancer cells over "normal" prostate epithelial cells. METHODS DU145, C4-2B, and LNCaP cells were treated with sanguinarine. The phosphorylation status of Stat3 and related proteins were measured with Western blots. Activation of transcription by Stat3 was measured with luciferase reporter assay. The effect of sanguinarine on anchorage-independent growth was examined with soft agar assay, and on cell migration and invasion of DU145 cells were measured with scratch assay and invasion assay, respectively. RESULTS In this study, we identified sanguinarine as a potent inhibitor of Stat3 activation which was able to suppress prostate cancer growth, migration, and invasion. Sanguinarine inhibits constitutive as well as IL6-induced phosphorylation of Stat3 at both Tyr705 and Ser727 in prostate cancer cells. The inhibition of Stat3 phosphorylation by sanguinarine correlates with reduction of Janus-activated Kinase 2 (Jak2) and Src phosphorylation. Sanguinarine downregulates the expression of Stat3-mediated genes such as c-myc and survivin and inhibits the Stat3 responsive element luciferase reporter activity. Sanguinarine inhibits the anchorage-independent growth of DU145 and LN-S17 cells expressing constitutively activated Stat3. Migration and invasion abilities of DU145 cells were also inhibited by sanguinarine in a manner similar to the dominant negative form of Stat3. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that sanguinarine is a potent Stat3 inhibitor and it could be developed as a therapeutic agent for prostate cancer with constitutive activation of Stat3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sun
- Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Chengfei Liu
- Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
| | | | - Wei Lou
- Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Yezi Zhu
- Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Joy Yang
- Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Christopher P. Evans
- Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Allen C. Gao
- Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
- Correspondence to: Allen C. Gao, Department of Urology and Cancer Center, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4645 2nd Ave, Research III, Suite 1300, Sacramento, CA 95817,
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Xiong H, Hong J, Du W, Lin YW, Ren LL, Wang YC, Su WY, Wang JL, Cui Y, Wang ZH, Fang JY. Roles of STAT3 and ZEB1 proteins in E-cadherin down-regulation and human colorectal cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:5819-32. [PMID: 22205702 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.295964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) to invasive and metastatic disease may involve localized occurrences of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, mechanisms of the EMT process in CRC progression are not fully understood. We previously showed that knockdown of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) up-regulated E-cadherin (a key component in EMT progression) in CRC. In this study, we examined the roles of STAT3 in CRC EMT and ZEB1, an EMT inducer, in STAT3-induced down-regulation of E-cadherin. Knockdown of STAT3 significantly increased E-cadherin and decreased N-cadherin and vimentin expressions in highly invasive LoVo CRC cells. Meanwhile, overexpression of STAT3 significantly reduced E-cadherin and enhanced N-cadherin and vimentin expressions in weakly invasive SW1116 CRC cells. Activation of STAT3 significantly increased CRC cell invasiveness and resistance to apoptosis. Knockdown of STAT3 dramatically enhanced chemosensitivity of CRC cells to fluorouracil. STAT3 regulated ZEB1 expression in CRC cells, and the STAT3-induced decrease in E-cadherin and cell invasion depended on activation of ZEB1 in CRC cells. Additionally, pSTAT3(Tyr-705) and ZEB1 expressions were significantly correlated with TNM (tumor, lymph node, and metastasis stages) (p < 0.01). In conclusion, STAT3 may directly mediate EMT progression and regulate ZEB1 expression in CRC. ZEB1 may participate in STAT3-induced cell invasion and E-cadherin down-regulation in CRC cells. The expressions of pSTAT3(Tyr-705) and ZEB1 may be positively associated with CRC metastasis. Our data may provide potential targets to prevent and/or treat CRC invasion and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xiong
- Gastrointestinal Division, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine Renji Hospital, Shanghai Institution of Digestive Disease, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health (Shanghai Jiao-Tong University), 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Xiong H, Chen ZF, Liang QC, Du W, Chen HM, Su WY, Chen GQ, Han ZG, Fang JY. Inhibition of DNA methyltransferase induces G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells via inhibition of JAK2/STAT3/STAT5 signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 13:3668-79. [PMID: 20196786 PMCID: PMC4516515 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (MTIs) have recently emerged as promising chemotherapeutic or preventive agents for cancer, despite their poorly characterized mechanisms of action. The present study shows that DNA methylation is integral to the regulation of SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP1) expression, but not for regulation of suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS)1 or SOCS3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. SHP1 expression correlates with down-regulation of Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK2/STAT3/STAT5) signalling, which is mediated in part by tyrosine dephosphorylation events and modulation of the proteasome pathway. Up-regulation of SHP1 expression was achieved using a DNA MTI, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dc), which also generated significant down-regulation of JAK2/STAT3/STAT5 signalling. We demonstrate that 5-aza-dc suppresses growth of CRC cells, and induces G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through regulation of downstream targets of JAK2/STAT3/STAT5 signalling including Bcl-2, p16(ink4a), p21(waf1/cip1) and p27(kip1). Although 5-aza-dc did not significantly inhibit cell invasion, 5-aza-dc did down-regulate expression of focal adhesion kinase and vascular endothelial growth factor in CRC cells. Our results demonstrate that 5-aza-dc can induce SHP1 expression and inhibit JAK2/STAT3/STAT5 signalling. This study represents the first evidence towards establishing a mechanistic link between inhibition of JAK2/STAT3/STAT5 signalling and the anticancer action of 5-aza-dc in CRC cells that may lead to the use of MTIs as a therapeutic intervention for human colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine Ren-Ji Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
SPARC expression induces cell cycle arrest via STAT3 signaling pathway in medulloblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 417:874-9. [PMID: 22206672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic cell interaction with ECM components has profound influence in cancer progression. SPARC is a component of the ECM, impairs the proliferation of different cell types and modulates tumor cell aggressive features. We previously reported that SPARC expression significantly impairs medulloblastoma tumor growth in vivo. In this study, we demonstrate that expression of SPARC inhibits medulloblastoma cell proliferation. MTT assay indicated a dose-dependent reduction in tumor cell proliferation in adenoviral mediated expression of SPARC full length cDNA (Ad-DsRed-SP) in D425 and UW228 cells. Flow cytometric analysis showed that Ad-DsRed-SP-infected cells accumulate in the G2/M phase of cell cycle. Further, immunoblot and immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that SPARC induced G2/M cell cycle arrest was mediated through inhibition of the Cyclin-B-regulated signaling pathway involving p21 and Cdc2 expression. Additionally, expression of SPARC decreased STAT3 phosphorylation at Tyr-705; constitutively active STAT3 expression reversed SPARC induced G2/M arrest. Ad-DsRed-SP significantly inhibited the pre-established orthotopic tumor growth and tumor volume in nude-mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor sections from mice treated with Ad-DsRed-SP showed decreased immunoreactivity for pSTAT3 and increased immunoreactivity for p21 compared to tumor section from mice treated with mock and Ad-DsRed. Taken together our studies further reveal that STAT3 plays a key role in SPARC induced G2/M arrest in medulloblastoma cells. These new findings provide a molecular basis for the mechanistic understanding of the effects of SPARC on medulloblastoma tumor cell proliferation.
Collapse
|
49
|
Souma Y, Nishida T, Serada S, Iwahori K, Takahashi T, Fujimoto M, Ripley B, Nakajima K, Miyazaki Y, Mori M, Doki Y, Sawa Y, Naka T. Antiproliferative effect of SOCS-1 through the suppression of STAT3 and p38 MAPK activation in gastric cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2011; 131:1287-96. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
50
|
Talhouk RS, Khalil AA, Bajjani R, Rahme GJ, El-Sabban ME. Gap junctions mediate STAT5-independent β-casein expression in CID-9 mammary epithelial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 18:104-16. [DOI: 10.3109/15419061.2011.639468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabih S. Talhouk
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Antoine A. Khalil
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rachid Bajjani
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Gilbert J. Rahme
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan E. El-Sabban
- Department of Human Morphology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|