1
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Li X, Xiong H, Mou X, Huang C, Thomas ER, Yu W, Jiang Y, Chen Y. Androgen receptor cofactors: A potential role in understanding prostate cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116338. [PMID: 38417290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is witnessing a concerning rise in incidence annually, with the androgen receptor (AR) emerging as a pivotal contributor to its growth and progression. Mounting evidence underscores the AR's ability to recruit cofactors, influencing downstream gene transcription and thereby fueling the proliferation and metastasis of PCa cells. Although, clinical strategies involving AR antagonists provide some relief, managing castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains a formidable challenge. Thus, the need of the hour lies in unearthing new drugs or therapeutic targets to effectively combat PCa. This review encapsulates the pivotal roles played by coactivators and corepressors of AR, notably androgen receptor-associated protein (ARA) and steroid receptor Coactivators (SRC) in PCa. Our data unveils how these cofactors intricately modulate histone modifications, cell cycling, SUMOylation, and apoptosis through their interactions with AR. Among the array of cofactors scrutinised, such as ARA70β, ARA24, ARA160, ARA55, ARA54, PIAS1, PIAS3, SRC1, SRC2, SRC3, PCAF, p300/CBP, MED1, and CARM1, several exhibit upregulation in PCa. Conversely, other cofactors like ARA70α, PIASy, and NCoR/SMRT demonstrate downregulation. This duality underscores the complexity of AR cofactor dynamics in PCa. Based on our findings, we propose that manipulating cofactor regulation to modulate AR function holds promise as a novel therapeutic avenue against advanced PCa. This paradigm shift offers renewed hope in the quest for effective treatments in the face of CRPC's formidable challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haojun Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xingzhu Mou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cancan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | | | - Wenjing Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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2
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Lumahan LEV, Arif M, Whitener AE, Yi P. Regulating Androgen Receptor Function in Prostate Cancer: Exploring the Diversity of Post-Translational Modifications. Cells 2024; 13:191. [PMID: 38275816 PMCID: PMC10814774 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity significantly influences prostate cancer (PCa) progression. In addition to ligand stimulation, AR transcriptional activity is also influenced by a variety of post-translational modifications (PTMs). A number of oncogenes and tumor suppressors have been observed leveraging PTMs to influence AR activity. Subjectively targeting these post-translational modifiers based on their impact on PCa cell proliferation is a rapidly developing area of research. This review elucidates the modifiers, contextualizes the effects of these PTMs on AR activity, and connects these cellular interactions to the progression of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance Edward V. Lumahan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Mazia Arif
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77205, USA
| | - Amy E. Whitener
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77205, USA
| | - Ping Yi
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77205, USA
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3
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Tsuji K, Kawata H, Kamiakito T, Nakaya T, Tanaka A. RNA-binding protein 14 promotes phase separation to sustain prostate specific antigen expression under androgen deprivation in human prostate cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 235:106407. [PMID: 37806532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a big challenge in managing prostate cancer patients. The androgen receptor (AR) pathway is a major driver even in CRPC under androgen deprivation. The mechanism in maintaining of the AR pathway under androgen deprivation remains elusive. The recent discovery of biomolecular condensate, a membrane-less intracellular construct formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), that facilitate molecular assembly, encouraged the re-screening of our previous microarray data list. We selected Rbm14 as a target molecule for further analysis because it works as a coactivator of nuclear receptors as well as it facilitates formation of biomolecular condensates via its intrinsically disordered region. GFP-tagged Rbm14 transfected into HEK293T cells formed droplet-like puncta, which diminished following treatment with 1,6-hexanediol. Droplet-like structures were also observed in immunofluorescence for endogenous RBM14 of PC-3 and DU145 cells. Luciferase assay revealed that Rbm14 enhanced androgen-responsive element (ARE)-mediated reporter activity in all conditions with or without testosterone and AR. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed the Rbm14-AR interaction. Long non-coding RNAs, including NEAT1, SRA1, and HOTAIR, were also interacted with Rbm14. Small interfering RNAs of NEAT1 reduced ARE-mediated reporter activity, while transfection of SRA1 and HOTAIR enhance the reporter activity. Treatment with 1,6-hexanediol as well as transfection with a dominant-negative splice variant of Rbm14 reduced expression of prostate specific antigen (PSA), a prototype of androgen-regulated gene, in LNCaP, PC-3, and DU145 cells under androgen deprivation. Immunohistochemically, RBM14 expression was substantially upregulated in prostate cancer tissues after androgen deprivation therapy than in untreated tumors. In conclusion, RBM14 is a novel factor involved in maintenance of PSA expression via phase separation under androgen deprivation in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Tsuji
- Department of Pathology, Division of Human Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Kawata
- Department of Pathology, Division of Human Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kamiakito
- Department of Pathology, Division of Human Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Takeo Nakaya
- Department of Pathology, Division of Human Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Division of Human Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
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4
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Armour EM, Thomas CM, Greco G, Bhatnagar A, Elefant F. Experience-dependent Tip60 nucleocytoplasmic transport is regulated by its NLS/NES sequences for neuroplasticity gene control. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 127:103888. [PMID: 37598897 PMCID: PMC11337217 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT) in neurons is critical for enabling proteins to enter the nucleus and regulate plasticity genes in response to environmental cues. Such experience-dependent (ED) neural plasticity is central for establishing memory formation and cognitive function and can influence the severity of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). ED neural plasticity is driven by histone acetylation (HA) mediated epigenetic mechanisms that regulate dynamic activity-dependent gene transcription profiles in response to neuronal stimulation. Yet, how histone acetyltransferases (HATs) respond to extracellular cues in the in vivo brain to drive HA-mediated activity-dependent gene control remains unclear. We previously demonstrated that extracellular stimulation of rat hippocampal neurons in vitro triggers Tip60 HAT nuclear import with concomitant synaptic gene induction. Here, we focus on investigating Tip60 HAT subcellular localization and NCT specifically in neuronal activity-dependent gene control by using the learning and memory mushroom body (MB) region of the Drosophila brain as a powerful in vivo cognitive model system. We used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to compare the subcellular localization of Tip60 HAT in the Drosophila brain under normal conditions and in response to stimulation of fly brain neurons in vivo either by genetically inducing potassium channels activation or by exposure to natural positive ED conditions. Furthermore, we found that both inducible and ED condition-mediated neural induction triggered Tip60 nuclear import with concomitant induction of previously identified Tip60 target genes and that Tip60 levels in both the nucleus and cytoplasm were significantly decreased in our well-characterized Drosophila AD model. Mutagenesis of a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence and nuclear export signal (NES) sequence that we identified in the Drosophila Tip60 protein revealed that both are functionally required for appropriate Tip60 subcellular localization. Our results support a model by which neuronal stimulation triggers Tip60 NCT via its NLS and NES sequences to promote induction of activity-dependent neuroplasticity gene transcription and that this process may be disrupted in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M Armour
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Christina M Thomas
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Gabrielle Greco
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Akanksha Bhatnagar
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Felice Elefant
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
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5
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Manzar N, Ganguly P, Khan UK, Ateeq B. Transcription networks rewire gene repertoire to coordinate cellular reprograming in prostate cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 89:76-91. [PMID: 36702449 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) represent the most commonly deregulated DNA-binding class of proteins associated with multiple human cancers. They can act as transcriptional activators or repressors that rewire the cistrome, resulting in cellular reprogramming during cancer progression. Deregulation of TFs is associated with the onset and maintenance of various cancer types including prostate cancer. An emerging subset of TFs has been implicated in the regulation of multiple cancer hallmarks during tumorigenesis. Here, we discuss the role of key TFs which modulate transcriptional cicuitries involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer. We further highlight the role of TFs associated with key cancer hallmarks, including, chromatin remodeling, genome instability, DNA repair, invasion, and metastasis. We also discuss the pluripotent function of TFs in conferring lineage plasticity, that aids in disease progression to neuroendocrine prostate cancer. At the end, we summarize the current understanding and approaches employed for the therapeutic targeting of TFs and their cofactors in the clinical setups to prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishat Manzar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
| | - Promit Ganguly
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
| | - Umar Khalid Khan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
| | - Bushra Ateeq
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India; Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
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6
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Miser-Salihoglu E, Demokan S, Karanlik H, Karahalil B, Önder S, Cömert S, Yardim-Akaydin S. Investigation of mRNA Expression Levels of Tip60 and Related DNA Repair Genes in Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2023; 23:125-134. [PMID: 36463002 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies in breast cancer (BC) have been shown that many tumor cells carry mutations that disrupt the DNA damage response mechanism. In eukaryotic cells, the overexpression or deprivation of DSBs repair genes is linked closely to a higher risk of cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, mRNA expression levels of some genes, such as Tip60, ATM, p53, CHK2, BRCA1, H2AX, which are associated with DNA damage repair, were measured using RT-PCR method in tumor and matched-normal tissues of 58 patients with BC. RESULTS According to the study results, 55% in Tip60, 59% in ATM, 57% in BRCA1, 48% in H2AX, 66% in CHK2, and 43% in p53 decreased in tumor tissue of patients compared to the matched normal tissue. When evaluated according to molecular subtypes, expression of all genes in the pathway was found significantly higher in normal tissues than in tumor tissues especially in Luminal B and Luminal B+HER2 groups. One of the most important results of the study is that CHK2 mRNA expressions in normal tissues were higher than tumor tissue in 90% of patients in Luminal B and Luminal B-HER2 + groups. This is the first study showing DNA repair genes' expressions in molecular subtypes of breast cancer. In general, the decrease in the expression of DNA damage repair genes in tumor tissue indicates that these genes may have a role in the development of BC. Our study results also suggest that CHK2 may be a candidate marker in the molecular classification of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Miser-Salihoglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Semra Demokan
- Department of Basic Oncology, Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Karanlik
- Department of Surgery, Istanbul University, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bensu Karahalil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semen Önder
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevde Cömert
- Department of Basic Oncology, Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Yardim-Akaydin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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7
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Kim SH, Park J, Park JW, Hahm JY, Yoon S, Hwang IJ, Kim KP, Seo SB. SET7-mediated TIP60 methylation is essential for DNA double-strand break repair. BMB Rep 2022; 55:541-546. [PMID: 35880433 PMCID: PMC9712704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination (HR) is crucial for maintaining genomic integrity and is involved in numerous fundamental biological processes. Post-translational modifications by proteins play an important role in regulating DNA repair. Here, we report that the methyltransferase SET7 regulates HR-mediated DSB repair by methylating TIP60, a histone acetyltransferase and tumor suppressor involved in gene expression and protein stability. We show that SET7 targets TIP60 for methylation at K137, which facilitates DSB repair by promoting HR and determines cell viability against DNA damage. Interestingly, TIP60 demethylation is catalyzed by LSD1, which affects HR efficiency. Taken together, our findings reveal the importance of TIP60 methylation status by SET7 and LSD1 in the DSB repair pathway. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(11): 541-546].
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Junyoung Park
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Jin Woo Park
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Ja Young Hahm
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Seobin Yoon
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - In Jun Hwang
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Keun Pil Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Sang-Beom Seo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea,Corresponding author. Tel: +82-2-820-5242; Fax: +82-2-822-4039; E-mail:
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8
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Kim SH, Park J, Park JW, Hahm JY, Yoon S, Hwang IJ, Kim KP, Seo SB. SET7-mediated TIP60 methylation is essential for DNA double-strand break repair. BMB Rep 2022; 55:541-546. [PMID: 35880433 PMCID: PMC9712704 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination (HR) is crucial for maintaining genomic integrity and is involved in numerous fundamental biological processes. Post-translational modifications by proteins play an important role in regulating DNA repair. Here, we report that the methyltransferase SET7 regulates HR-mediated DSB repair by methylating TIP60, a histone acetyltransferase and tumor suppressor involved in gene expression and protein stability. We show that SET7 targets TIP60 for methylation at K137, which facilitates DSB repair by promoting HR and determines cell viability against DNA damage. Interestingly, TIP60 demethylation is catalyzed by LSD1, which affects HR efficiency. Taken together, our findings reveal the importance of TIP60 methylation status by SET7 and LSD1 in the DSB repair pathway. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(11): 541-546].
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Junyoung Park
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Jin Woo Park
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Ja Young Hahm
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Seobin Yoon
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - In Jun Hwang
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Keun Pil Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Sang-Beom Seo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
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9
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Wichmann J, Pitt C, Eccles S, Garnham AL, Li-Wai-Suen CSN, May R, Allan E, Wilcox S, Herold MJ, Smyth GK, Monahan BJ, Thomas T, Voss AK. Loss of TIP60 (KAT5) abolishes H2AZ lysine 7 acetylation and causes p53, INK4A, and ARF-independent cell cycle arrest. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:627. [PMID: 35853868 PMCID: PMC9296491 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation is essential for initiating and maintaining a permissive chromatin conformation and gene transcription. Dysregulation of histone acetylation can contribute to tumorigenesis and metastasis. Using inducible cre-recombinase and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion, we investigated the roles of the histone lysine acetyltransferase TIP60 (KAT5/HTATIP) in human cells, mouse cells, and mouse embryos. We found that loss of TIP60 caused complete cell growth arrest. In the absence of TIP60, chromosomes failed to align in a metaphase plate during mitosis. In some TIP60 deleted cells, endoreplication occurred instead. In contrast, cell survival was not affected. Remarkably, the cell growth arrest caused by loss of TIP60 was independent of the tumor suppressors p53, INK4A and ARF. TIP60 was found to be essential for the acetylation of H2AZ, specifically at lysine 7. The mRNA levels of 6236 human and 8238 mouse genes, including many metabolism genes, were dependent on TIP60. Among the top 50 differentially expressed genes, over 90% were downregulated in cells lacking TIP60, supporting a role for TIP60 as a key co-activator of transcription. We propose a primary role of TIP60 in H2AZ lysine 7 acetylation and transcriptional activation, and that this fundamental role is essential for cell proliferation. Growth arrest independent of major tumor suppressors suggests TIP60 as a potential anti-cancer drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wichmann
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Catherine Pitt
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Samantha Eccles
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Alexandra L. Garnham
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Connie S. N. Li-Wai-Suen
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Rose May
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Elizabeth Allan
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,Cancer Therapeutics CRC, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Stephen Wilcox
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Marco J. Herold
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Gordon K. Smyth
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSchool of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Brendon J. Monahan
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia ,Cancer Therapeutics CRC, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Tim Thomas
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Anne K. Voss
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
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10
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Ning J, Sun Q, Su Z, Tan L, Tang Y, Sayed S, Li H, Xue VW, Liu S, Chen X, Lu D. The CK1δ/ϵ-Tip60 Axis Enhances Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling via Regulating β-Catenin Acetylation in Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:844477. [PMID: 35494070 PMCID: PMC9039669 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.844477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 1δ/ϵ (CK1δ/ϵ) are well-established positive modulators of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of β-catenin transcriptional activity by CK1δ/ϵ remain unclear. In this study, we found that CK1δ/ϵ could enhance β-catenin-mediated transcription through regulating β-catenin acetylation. CK1δ/ϵ interacted with Tip60 and facilitated the recruitment of Tip60 to β-catenin complex, resulting in increasing β-catenin acetylation at K49. Importantly, Tip60 significantly enhanced the SuperTopFlash reporter activity induced by CK1δ/ϵ or/and β-catenin. Furthermore, a CK1δ/CK1ϵ/β-catenin/Tip60 complex was detected in colon cancer cells. Simultaneous knockdown of CK1δ and CK1ϵ significantly attenuated the interaction between β-catenin and Tip60. Notably, inhibition of CK1δ/ϵ or Tip60, with shRNA or small molecular inhibitors downregulated the level of β-catenin acetylation at K49 in colon cancer cells. Finally, combined treatment with CK1 inhibitor SR3029 and Tip60 inhibitor MG149 had more potent inhibitory effect on β-catenin acetylation, the transcription of Wnt target genes and the viability and proliferation in colon cancer cells. Taken together, our results revealed that the transcriptional activity of β-catenin could be modulated by the CK1δ/ϵ-β-catenin-Tip60 axis, which may be a potential therapeutic target for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Ning
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen University-Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena Joint PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zijie Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Research, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lifeng Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sapna Sayed
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Vivian Weiwen Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianxiong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Desheng Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen University-Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena Joint PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Daks A, Fedorova O, Parfenyev S, Nevzorov I, Shuvalov O, Barlev NA. The Role of E3 Ligase Pirh2 in Disease. Cells 2022; 11:1515. [PMID: 35563824 PMCID: PMC9101203 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53-dependent ubiquitin ligase Pirh2 regulates a number of proteins involved in different cancer-associated processes. Targeting the p53 family proteins, Chk2, p27Kip1, Twist1 and others, Pirh2 participates in such cellular processes as proliferation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and cellular migration. Thus, it is not surprising that Pirh2 takes part in the initiation and progression of different diseases and pathologies including but not limited to cancer. In this review, we aimed to summarize the available data on Pirh2 regulation, its protein targets and its role in various diseases and pathological processes, thus making the Pirh2 protein a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Daks
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.F.); (S.P.); (I.N.); (O.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nickolai A. Barlev
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.F.); (S.P.); (I.N.); (O.S.)
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12
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Jaiswal B, Agarwal A, Gupta A. Lysine Acetyltransferases and Their Role in AR Signaling and Prostate Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:886594. [PMID: 36060957 PMCID: PMC9428678 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.886594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and growth of a normal prostate gland, as well as its physiological functions, are regulated by the actions of androgens through androgen receptor (AR) signaling which drives multiple cellular processes including transcription, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis in prostate cells. Post-translational regulation of AR plays a vital role in directing its cellular activities via modulating its stability, nuclear localization, and transcriptional activity. Among various post-translational modifications (PTMs), acetylation is an essential PTM recognized in AR and is governed by the regulated actions of acetyltransferases and deacetyltransferases. Acetylation of AR has been identified as a critical step for its activation and depending on the site of acetylation, the intracellular dynamics and activity of the AR can be modulated. Various acetyltransferases such as CBP, p300, PCAF, TIP60, and ARD1 that are known to acetylate AR, may directly coactivate the AR transcriptional function or help to recruit additional coactivators to functionally regulate the transcriptional activity of the AR. Aberrant expression of acetyltransferases and their deregulated activities have been found to interfere with AR signaling and play a key role in development and progression of prostatic diseases, including prostate cancer (PCa). In this review, we summarized recent research advances aimed at understanding the role of various lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) in the regulation of AR activity at the level of post-translational modifications in normal prostate physiology, as well as in development and progression of PCa. Considering the critical importance of KATs in modulating AR activity in physiological and patho-physiological context, we further discussed the potential of targeting these enzymes as a therapeutic option to treat AR-related pathology in combination with hormonal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Jaiswal
- Integrative Chemical Biology (ICB), Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bengaluru, India
- *Correspondence: Ashish Gupta, ; Bharti Jaiswal,
| | - Akanksha Agarwal
- Epigenetics and Human Disease Laboratory, Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics (CoEE) Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi, UP, India
| | - Ashish Gupta
- Epigenetics and Human Disease Laboratory, Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics (CoEE) Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi, UP, India
- *Correspondence: Ashish Gupta, ; Bharti Jaiswal,
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13
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Epigenetic Coregulation of Androgen Receptor Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1390:277-293. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11836-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Lu J, He X, Zhang L, Zhang R, Li W. Acetylation in Tumor Immune Evasion Regulation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:771588. [PMID: 34880761 PMCID: PMC8645962 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.771588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylation is considered as one of the most common types of epigenetic modifications, and aberrant histone acetylation modifications are associated with the pathological process of cancer through the regulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Recent studies have shown that immune system function and tumor immunity can also be affected by acetylation modifications. A comprehensive understanding of the role of acetylation function in cancer is essential, which may help to develop new therapies to improve the prognosis of cancer patients. In this review, we mainly discussed the functions of acetylase and deacetylase in tumor, immune system and tumor immunity, and listed the information of drugs targeting these enzymes in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wenzheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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15
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Mir US, Bhat A, Mushtaq A, Pandita S, Altaf M, Pandita TK. Role of histone acetyltransferases MOF and Tip60 in genome stability. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 107:103205. [PMID: 34399315 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The accurate repair of DNA damage specifically the chromosomal double-strand breaks (DSBs) arising from exposure to physical or chemical agents, such as ionizing radiation (IR) and radiomimetic drugs is critical in maintaining genomic integrity. The DNA DSB response and repair is facilitated by hierarchical signaling networks that orchestrate chromatin structural changes specifically histone modifications which impact cell-cycle checkpoints through enzymatic activities to repair the broken DNA ends. Various histone posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation and ubiquitylation have been shown to play a role in DNA damage repair. Recent studies have provided important insights into the role of histone-specific modifications in sensing DNA damage and facilitating the DNA repair. Histone modifications have been shown to determine the pathway choice for repair of DNA DSBs. This review will summarize the role of important histone acetyltransferases MOF and Tip60 mediated acetylation in repair of DNA DSBs in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulfat Syed Mir
- Chromatin and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Audesh Bhat
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, 181143, India
| | - Arjamand Mushtaq
- Chromatin and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Shruti Pandita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mohammad Altaf
- Chromatin and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.
| | - Tej K Pandita
- Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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16
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O’Garro C, Igbineweka L, Ali Z, Mezei M, Mujtaba S. The Biological Significance of Targeting Acetylation-Mediated Gene Regulation for Designing New Mechanistic Tools and Potential Therapeutics. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030455. [PMID: 33803759 PMCID: PMC8003229 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular interplay between nucleosomal packaging and the chromatin landscape regulates the transcriptional programming and biological outcomes of downstream genes. An array of epigenetic modifications plays a pivotal role in shaping the chromatin architecture, which controls DNA access to the transcriptional machinery. Acetylation of the amino acid lysine is a widespread epigenetic modification that serves as a marker for gene activation, which intertwines the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and the regulation of signaling during stress. The biochemical horizon of acetylation ranges from orchestrating the stability and cellular localization of proteins that engage in the cell cycle to DNA repair and metabolism. Furthermore, lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) modulate the functions of transcription factors that govern cellular response to microbial infections, genotoxic stress, and inflammation. Due to their central role in many biological processes, mutations in KATs cause developmental and intellectual challenges and metabolic disorders. Despite the availability of tools for detecting acetylation, the mechanistic knowledge of acetylation-mediated cellular processes remains limited. This review aims to integrate molecular and structural bases of KAT functions, which would help design highly selective tools for understanding the biology of KATs toward developing new disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenise O’Garro
- Department of Biology, Medgar Evers College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11225, USA; (C.O.); (L.I.); (Z.A.)
| | - Loveth Igbineweka
- Department of Biology, Medgar Evers College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11225, USA; (C.O.); (L.I.); (Z.A.)
| | - Zonaira Ali
- Department of Biology, Medgar Evers College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11225, USA; (C.O.); (L.I.); (Z.A.)
| | - Mihaly Mezei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Shiraz Mujtaba
- Department of Biology, Medgar Evers College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11225, USA; (C.O.); (L.I.); (Z.A.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Samaržija I. Post-Translational Modifications That Drive Prostate Cancer Progression. Biomolecules 2021; 11:247. [PMID: 33572160 PMCID: PMC7915076 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While a protein primary structure is determined by genetic code, its specific functional form is mostly achieved in a dynamic interplay that includes actions of many enzymes involved in post-translational modifications. This versatile repertoire is widely used by cells to direct their response to external stimuli, regulate transcription and protein localization and to keep proteostasis. Herein, post-translational modifications with evident potency to drive prostate cancer are explored. A comprehensive list of proteome-wide and single protein post-translational modifications and their involvement in phenotypic outcomes is presented. Specifically, the data on phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation, and lipidation in prostate cancer and the enzymes involved are collected. This type of knowledge is especially valuable in cases when cancer cells do not differ in the expression or mutational status of a protein, but its differential activity is regulated on the level of post-translational modifications. Since their driving roles in prostate cancer, post-translational modifications are widely studied in attempts to advance prostate cancer treatment. Current strategies that exploit the potential of post-translational modifications in prostate cancer therapy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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18
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Ravichandran P, Davis SA, Vashishtha H, Gucwa AL, Ginsburg DS. Nuclear Localization Is Not Required for Tip60 Tumor Suppressor Activity in Breast and Lung Cancer Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:2077-2084. [PMID: 33155839 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tip60 lysine acetyltransferase is a tumor suppressor in most cancers but an oncogene in prostate and gastric cancer. Tip60 is commonly found in the nucleus, where it acetylates proteins involved in transcription, DNA repair, and chromatin; however, it has also been shown to acetylate cytoplasmic targets. In this study, we investigated the relationship between Tip60 localization and breast and lung cancer. In cell fractionation experiments, cancer-derived cell lines showed a shift from nuclear to cytoplasmic endogenous Tip60 compared with cell lines derived from normal cells. With immunofluorescence, we observed four different localization patterns of overexpressed Tip60 and found that cancer cells had increased cytoplasmic localization of Tip60 compared with HEK-293 cells. The addition of a nuclear localization signal (NLS) increased the number of cells containing nuclear Tip60, whereas mutation of a putative endogenous NLS increased the number of cells with cytoplasmic Tip60. Overexpression of Tip60 increased cancer cell line sensitivity to paclitaxel regardless of changes in localization. These results suggest that dysregulation of Tip60 in breast and lung cancer is not limited to reduced expression but may also involve subcellular localization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon A Davis
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Azad L Gucwa
- Department of Biology, Farmingdale State College, Farmingdale, New York, USA
| | - Daniel S Ginsburg
- Department of Natural Sciences, Immaculata University, Immaculata, Pennsylvania, USA
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19
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Idrissou M, Lebert A, Boisnier T, Sanchez A, Houfaf Khoufaf FZ, Penault-Llorca F, Bignon YJ, Bernard-Gallon D. Digging Deeper into Breast Cancer Epigenetics: Insights from Chemical Inhibition of Histone Acetyltransferase TIP60 In Vitro. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2020; 24:581-591. [PMID: 32960142 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2020.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is often sporadic due to several factors. Among them, the deregulation of epigenetic proteins may be involved. TIP60 or KAT5 is an acetyltransferase that regulates gene transcription through the chromatin structure. This pleiotropic protein acts in several cellular pathways by acetylating proteins. RNA and protein expressions of TIP60 were shown to decrease in some breast cancer subtypes, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), where a low expression of TIP60 was exhibited compared with luminal subtypes. In this study, the inhibition of the residual activity of TIP60 in breast cancer cell lines was investigated by using two chemical inhibitors, TH1834 and NU9056, first on the acetylation of the specific target, lysine 4 of histone 3 (H3K4) by immunoblotting, and second, by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR (-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction). Subsequently, significant decreases or a trend toward decrease of H3K4ac in the different chromatin compartments were observed. In addition, the expression of 48 human nuclear receptors was studied with TaqMan Low-Density Array in these breast cancer cell lines treated with TIP60 inhibitors. The statistical analysis allowed us to comprehensively characterize the androgen receptor and NR3C2 receptors in TNBC cell lines after TH1834 or NU9056 treatment. The understanding of the residual activity of TIP60 in the evolution of breast cancer might be a major asset in the fight against this disease, and could allow TIP60 to be used as a biomarker or therapeutic target for breast cancer progression in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamed Idrissou
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM-UMR 1240-Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Andre Lebert
- University Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal UMR 6602 CNRS/UBP, Aubière, France
| | - Tiphanie Boisnier
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM-UMR 1240-Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anna Sanchez
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM-UMR 1240-Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fatma Zohra Houfaf Khoufaf
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM-UMR 1240-Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- INSERM-UMR 1240-Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Biopathology, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM-UMR 1240-Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Bernard-Gallon
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM-UMR 1240-Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST), Clermont-Ferrand, France
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20
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Tan KN, Avery VM, Carrasco-Pozo C. Metabolic Roles of Androgen Receptor and Tip60 in Androgen-Dependent Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186622. [PMID: 32927797 PMCID: PMC7555377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signaling is essential for the growth and differentiation of the normal prostate and is the primary target for androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer. Tat interactive protein 60 kDa (Tip60) is a histone acetyltransferase that is critical for AR activation. It is well known that cancer cells rewire their metabolic pathways in order to sustain aberrant proliferation. Growing evidence demonstrates that the AR and Tip60 modulate key metabolic processes to promote the survival of prostate cancer cells, in addition to their classical roles. AR activation enhances glucose metabolism, including glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as lipid metabolism in prostate cancer. The AR also interacts with other metabolic regulators, including calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 and mammalian target of rapamycin. Several studies have revealed the roles of Tip60 in determining cell fate indirectly by modulating metabolic regulators, such as c-Myc, hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and p53 in various cancer types. Furthermore, Tip60 has been shown to regulate the activity of key enzymes in gluconeogenesis and glycolysis directly through acetylation. Overall, both the AR and Tip60 are master metabolic regulators that mediate cellular energy metabolism in prostate cancer, providing a framework for the development of novel therapeutic targets in androgen-dependent prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Ni Tan
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (K.N.T.); (V.M.A.)
- CRC for Cancer Therapeutics, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Vicky M. Avery
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (K.N.T.); (V.M.A.)
- CRC for Cancer Therapeutics, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Catalina Carrasco-Pozo
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (K.N.T.); (V.M.A.)
- CRC for Cancer Therapeutics, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +617-3735-6034
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21
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Fiorentino F, Mai A, Rotili D. Lysine Acetyltransferase Inhibitors From Natural Sources. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1243. [PMID: 32903408 PMCID: PMC7434864 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylation of histone and non-histone protein lysine residues has been widely described as a critical modulator of several cell functions in humans. Lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) catalyse the transfer of acetyl groups on substrate proteins and are involved in multiple physiological processes such as cell signalling, metabolism, gene regulation, and apoptosis. Given the pivotal role of acetylation, the alteration of KATs enzymatic activity has been clearly linked to various cellular dysfunctions leading to several inflammatory, metabolic, neurological, and cancer diseases. Hence, the use KAT inhibitors (KATi) has been suggested as a potentially successful strategy to reverse or prevent these conditions. To date, only a few KATi have proven to be potential drug candidates, and there is still a keen interest in designing molecules showing drug-like properties from both pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics point of view. Increasing literature evidence has been highlighting natural compounds as a wide source of molecular scaffolds for developing therapeutic agents, including KATi. In fact, several polyphenols, catechins, quinones, and peptides obtained from natural sources (including nuts, oils, root extracts, and fungi metabolites) have been described as promising KATi. Here we summarize the features of this class of compounds, describing their modes of action, structure-activity relationships and (semi)-synthetic derivatives, with the aim of assisting the development of novel more potent, isoform selective and drug-like KATi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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22
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The Molecular Effects of Sulforaphane and Capsaicin on Metabolism upon Androgen and Tip60 Activation of Androgen Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215384. [PMID: 31671779 PMCID: PMC6861939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) stimulators, such as androgen and Tip60, play a pivotal role in prostatic carcinogenesis as androgen receptor signaling is critical for the growth and transformation of the prostate gland. Moreover, androgen and Tip60 promotes HIF-1α activation, involved in metabolic reprogramming by increasing glycolysis, a hallmark in cancer initiation and development. In this study we evaluated the effect of androgen and Tip60 stimulus in AR pathway activation and HIF-1α stabilization, in terms of proliferation and cell metabolism in androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells. The protective role of the bioactive compounds sulforaphane and capsaicin against the effect of these stimuli leading to pro-carcinogenic features was also addressed. Sulforaphane and capsaicin decreased nuclear AR, prostate specific antigen and Bcl-XL levels, and cell proliferation induced by androgen and Tip60 in LNCaP cells. These bioactive compounds prevented the increase in glycolysis, hexokinase and pyruvate kinase activity, and reduced HIF-1α stabilization induced by androgen and Tip60 in LNCaP cells. The protective role of sulforaphane and capsaicin on prostate cancer may rely on mechanisms involving the inhibition of Tip60, AR and HIF-1α effects.
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23
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Kim CH, Lee DH. KAT5 Negatively regulates the proliferation of prostate cancer LNCaP cells via the caspase 3-dependent apoptosis pathway. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2019; 23:253-259. [PMID: 31489246 PMCID: PMC6711033 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2019.1644372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men over the age of sixty. Lysine acetyltransferase 5 (KAT5) is a histone acetyltransferase involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, and cell signaling pathways. Previous studies have shown that KAT5 expression is reduced in the cytoplasm of the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP when exposed to androgen. Moreover, KAT5 has been reported to have a role in the molecular pathway leading to androgen-independent prostate cancer after long-term androgen deprivation therapy. Here, we showed that KAT5 expression was significantly reduced in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines by using the public databases Oncomine and Human Protein Atlas. Reduced KAT5 expression was significantly associated with high mortality in prostate cancer patients. Furthermore, KAT5 overexpression increased the level of apoptotic markers, such as cleaved-caspase 3, in LNCaP cells, thus enhancing the apoptotic death of LNCaP cells. Taken together, KAT5 induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via the caspase-3 pathway, indicating that KAT5 could be a gene therapy target for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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24
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McGuire A, Casey MC, Shalaby A, Kalinina O, Curran C, Webber M, Callagy G, Holian E, Bourke E, Kerin MJ, Brown JAL. Quantifying Tip60 (Kat5) stratifies breast cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3819. [PMID: 30846725 PMCID: PMC6405843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is stratified into four distinct clinical subtypes, using three key biomarkers (Her2/Neu gene status, Estrogen and Progesterone receptor status). However, each subtype is a heterogeneous group, displaying significant variation in survival rates and treatment response. New biomarkers are required to provide more precise stratification of breast cancer cohorts to inform personalised treatment options/predict outcomes. Tip60 is a member of the MYST sub-family of histone acetyltransferases (HATs), and is directly involved in genome maintenance, gene regulation and DNA damage response/repair pathways (key chemotherapeutic influencing mechanisms). We aimed to determine if quantifying Tip60 staining patterns improved breast cancer stratification. We defined Tip60 protein in vivo, quantifying location (cytoplasmic, nuclear), percent of cells and staining intensity in a breast cancer tissue microarray (n = 337). A significant association of specific Tip60 staining patterns with breast cancer subtype, ER or PR status and Tumour grade was found. Importantly, low Tip60 mRNA expression correlated with poor overall survival and relapse free survival. We found Tip60 is a biomarker able to stratify breast cancer patients, and low Tip60 expression is a significant risk factor indicating a higher chance of disease reoccurrence. This work highlights Tip60 regulation as a key factor influencing the development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A McGuire
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, Lambe institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - M C Casey
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, Lambe institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - A Shalaby
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - O Kalinina
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Lambe institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - C Curran
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, Lambe institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - M Webber
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - G Callagy
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - E Holian
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Lambe institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - E Bourke
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - M J Kerin
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, Lambe institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - J A L Brown
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, Lambe institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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25
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Emerging Role of Histone Acetyltransferase in Stem Cells and Cancer. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8908751. [PMID: 30651738 PMCID: PMC6311713 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8908751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein acetylation is one of the most important posttranslational modifications catalyzed by acetyltransferases and deacetylases, through the addition and removal of acetyl groups to lysine residues. Lysine acetylation can affect protein-nucleic acid or protein-protein interactions and protein localization, transport, stability, and activity. It regulates the function of a large variety of proteins, including histones, oncoproteins, tumor suppressors, and transcription factors, thus representing a crucial regulator of several biological processes with particular prominent roles in transcription and metabolism. Thus, it is unsurprising that alteration of protein acetylation is involved in human disease, including metabolic disorders and cancers. In this context, different hematological and solid tumors are characterized by deregulation of the protein acetylation pattern as a result of genetic or epigenetic changes. The imbalance between acetylation and deacetylation of histone or nonhistone proteins is also involved in the modulation of the self-renewal and differentiation ability of stem cells, including cancer stem cells. Here, we summarize a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies, undertaken on a set of acetyltransferases, and discuss the physiological and pathological roles of this class of enzymes. We also review the available data on the involvement of acetyltransferases in the regulation of stem cell renewal and differentiation in both normal and cancer cell population.
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26
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Lin CY, Jan YJ, Kuo LK, Wang BJ, Huo C, Jiang SS, Chen SC, Kuo YY, Chang CR, Chuu CP. Elevation of androgen receptor promotes prostate cancer metastasis by induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and reduction of KAT5. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3564-3574. [PMID: 30142696 PMCID: PMC6215884 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR), an androgen‐activated transcription factor, belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily. AR plays an important role in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the role of AR in PCa metastasis is not fully understood. To investigate the role of AR in PCa metastasis, we examined AR expression level in primary and metastatic PCa by analyzing gene array data of 378 primary prostate tumors and 120 metastatic prostate tumors from Oncomine, as well as carrying out immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of 56 prostate cancer samples. Expression of mRNA and protein of AR as well as its target gene prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) was much higher in metastatic prostate tumors than in primary prostate tumors. Knockdown of AR with siRNA or treating with anti‐androgen Casodex reduced migration and invasion ability of C4‐2B PCa cells. Knockdown of AR increased protein expression of E‐cadherin and AR coregulator KAT5 but reduced expression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker proteins Slug, Snail, MMP‐2, vimentin, and β‐catenin. Knockdown of KAT5 increased migration of C4‐2B cells, whereas overexpression of KAT5 suppressed cell migration. KAT5 knockdown rescues the suppressive effect of AR knockdown on migration of C4‐2B cells. Gene expression level of AR and KAT5 showed a negative correlation. PCa patients with higher AR expression or lower KAT5 expression correlated with shorter recurrence‐free survival. Our study suggested that elevation of AR expression and AR signaling in prostate tumors promotes PCa metastasis by induction of EMT and reduction of KAT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yu Lin
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Jee Jan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Medical College of Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kuo Kuo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Mackay Medical College, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Juan Wang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chieh Huo
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shih Sheng Jiang
- Nation Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chang Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yu Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Rung Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Pin Chuu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Graduate Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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27
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Wang W, Chen ZX, Guo DY, Tao YX. Regulation of prostate cancer by hormone-responsive G protein-coupled receptors. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 191:135-147. [PMID: 29909235 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of prostate cancer by androgen and androgen receptor (AR), and blockade of AR signaling by AR antagonists and steroidogenic enzyme inhibitors have been extensively studied. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a family of membrane receptors that regulate almost all physiological processes. Nearly 40% of FDA-approved drugs in the market target GPCRs. A variety of GPCRs that mediate reproductive function have been demonstrated to be involved in the regulation of prostate cancer. These GPCRs include gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor, luteinizing hormone receptor, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor, relaxin receptor, ghrelin receptor, and kisspeptin receptor. We highlight here GPCR regulation of prostate cancer by these GPCRs. Further therapeutic approaches targeting these GPCRs for the treatment of prostate cancer are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiamen Huli Guoyu Clinic, Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Zhao-Xia Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiamen Huli Guoyu Clinic, Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Dong-Yu Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiamen Huli Guoyu Clinic, Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China.
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.
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28
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Jaiswal B, Gupta A. Modulation of Nuclear Receptor Function by Chromatin Modifying Factor TIP60. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2199-2215. [PMID: 29420715 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are transcription factors that bind to specific DNA sequences known as hormone response elements located upstream of their target genes. Transcriptional activity of NRs can be modulated by binding of the compatible ligand and transient interaction with cellular coregulators, functioning either as coactivators or as corepressors. Many coactivator proteins possess intrinsic histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity that catalyzes the acetylation of specific lysine residues in histone tails and loosens the histone-DNA interaction, thereby facilitating access of transcriptional factors to the regulatory sequences of the DNA. Tat interactive protein 60 (TIP60), a member of the Mof-Ybf2-Sas2-TIP60 family of HAT protein, is a multifunctional coregulator that controls a number of physiological processes including apoptosis, DNA damage repair, and transcriptional regulation. Over the last two decades or so, TIP60 has been extensively studied for its role as NR coregulator, controlling various aspect of steroid receptor functions. The aim of this review is to summarize the findings on the role of TIP60 as a coregulator for different classes of NRs and its overall functional implications. We also discuss the latest studies linking TIP60 to NR-associated metabolic disorders and cancers for its potential use as a therapeutic drug target in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Jaiswal
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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29
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Simpson S, Fiches G, Jean MJ, Dieringer M, McGuinness J, John SP, Shamay M, Desai P, Zhu J, Santoso NG. Inhibition of Tip60 Reduces Lytic and Latent Gene Expression of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpes Virus (KSHV) and Proliferation of KSHV-Infected Tumor Cells. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:788. [PMID: 29740418 PMCID: PMC5928232 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic virus responsible for the development of Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and Multicentric Castleman's disease in immunocompromised individuals. Despite the burden of these diseases there are few treatment options for afflicted individuals, due in part to our limited understanding of virus-host interactions. Tip60, a histone aceytltransferase (HAT) has been previously shown to interact with both the KSHV latency associated nuclear antigen protein (LANA), which is the main factor in maintaining the viral latent state, and ORF36, a viral kinase expressed in the lytic phase. We further investigated Tip60-virus interaction to ascertain Tip60's role in the viral life cycle and its potential as a target for future therapeutics. Through modulation of Tip60 expression in HEK293T cells harboring a plasmid containing the KSHV viral episome, Bac36, we found that Tip60 is vital for both lytic replication as well as efficient expression of latent genes. Interestingly, Tip60 small molecule inhibitors, MG149 and NU9056, similarly inhibited latent and lytic genes, and reduced virion production in wild-type KSHV+/EBV- PEL, BCBL-1 cells. Long-term treatment with these Tip60 inhibitors selectively decreased the viability of KSHV-infected B lymphoma cells compared to uninfected cells. From this study, we conclude that Tip60 is important for KSHV infection and its associated cancer development, and Tip60 is therefore a potential target for future antiviral and anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Simpson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Guillaume Fiches
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Maxime J. Jean
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Michael Dieringer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - James McGuinness
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Sinu P. John
- Signaling Systems Unit, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Meir Shamay
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Prashant Desai
- Viral Oncology Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Netty G. Santoso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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30
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Lysine acetyltransferase inhibitors: structure-activity relationships and potential therapeutic implications. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:1067-1091. [PMID: 29676588 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is a post-translational modification of both histone and nonhistone proteins that is catalyzed by lysine acetyltransferases and plays a key role in numerous biological contexts. The dysregulation of this enzyme activity is implicated in many human pathologies such as cancer, neurological and inflammatory disorders. Many lysine acetyltransferase inhibitors (KATi) have been developed so far, but there is still the need for new, more potent, metabolically stable and selective KATi as chemical tools for studying KAT biology and/or as potential therapeutic agents. This review will examine the features of KAT enzymes and related diseases, with particular emphasis on KATi (bisubstrate analogs, natural compounds and synthetic derivatives), analyzing their mechanism of action, structure-activity relationships, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties and potential future applications.
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31
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Zhang Y, Lei M, Yang X, Feng Y, Yang Y, Loppnau P, Li Y, Yang Y, Min J, Liu Y. Structural and histone binding studies of the chromo barrel domain of TIP60. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:1221-1232. [PMID: 29494751 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Tat-interactive protein 60 consists of an N-terminal chromo barrel domain (TIP60-CB) and a C-terminal acetyltransferase domain and acetylates histone and nonhistone proteins in diverse cellular processes. While TIP60-CB is thought to recognize histone tails, molecular details of this interaction remain unclear. Here, we attempted a quantitative analysis of the interaction between the human TIP60-CB and histone peptides, but did not observe any detectable binding by either fluorescence polarization or isothermal titration calorimetry assays. We also determined the crystal structure of the TIP60-CB alone. Analysis of the apo-structure reveals a putative peptide-binding site that might be occluded by the basic side chain of a residue in a unique β hairpin between the two N-terminal strands of the β barrel, leading to the inability of TIP60-CB to bind histones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhe Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.,Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Xiajie Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Yuan Yang
- Graduate school, Wuhan Sports University, China
| | - Peter Loppnau
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Yanjun Li
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, China
| | - Jinrong Min
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.,Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Yanli Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.,Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Canada
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32
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Ghobashi AH, Kamel MA. Tip60: updates. J Appl Genet 2018; 59:161-168. [PMID: 29549519 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-018-0432-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of genome integrity is essential for organism survival. Therefore, eukaryotic cells possess many DNA repair mechanisms in response to DNA damage. Acetyltransferase, Tip60, plays a central role in ATM and p53 activation which are involved in DNA repair. Recent works uncovered the roles of Tip60 in ATM and p53 activation and how Tip60 is recruited to double-strand break sites. Moreover, recent works have demonstrated the role of Tip60 in cancer progression. Here, we review the current understanding of how Tip60 activates both ATM and p53 in response to DNA damage and his new roles in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Ghobashi
- Human Genetics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 El Horreya Street, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Maher A Kamel
- Biochemistry Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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33
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DePaolo JS, Wang Z, Guo J, Zhang G, Qian C, Zhang H, Zabaleta J, Liu W. Acetylation of androgen receptor by ARD1 promotes dissociation from HSP90 complex and prostate tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:71417-71428. [PMID: 27659526 PMCID: PMC5342088 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is an androgen receptor (AR)-driven disease and post-translational modification of AR is critical for AR activation. We previously reported that Arrest-defective protein 1 (ARD1) is an oncoprotein in prostate cancer. It acetylates and activates AR to promote prostate tumorigenesis. However, the ARD1-targeted residue within AR and the mechanisms of the acetylation event in prostate tumorigenesis remained unknown. In this study, we show that ARD1 acetylates AR at lysine 618 (K618) in vitro and in vivo. An AR construct with the charged lysine substitution by arginine (AR-618R) reduces RNA Pol II binding, AR transcriptional activity, prostate cancer cell growth, and xenograft tumor formation due to attenuation of AR nuclear translocation, whereas, construct mimicking neutral polar substitution acetylation at K618 by glutamine (AR-618Q) enhanced these effects beyond that of the wild-type AR. Mechanistically, ARD1 forms a ternary complex with AR and HSP90 in vitro and in vivo. Expression of ARD1 increases levels of AR acetylation and AR-HSP90 dissociation in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, the AR acetylation defective K618R mutant is unable to dissociate from HSP90 while the HSP90-dissociated AR is acetylated following ligand exposure. This work identifies a new mechanism for ligand-induced AR-HSP90 dissociation and AR activation. Targeting ARD1-mediated AR acetylation may be a potent intervention for AR-dependent prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S DePaolo
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Zehua Wang
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Jianhui Guo
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | | | - Chiping Qian
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | | | | | - Wanguo Liu
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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34
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Di Martile M, Del Bufalo D, Trisciuoglio D. The multifaceted role of lysine acetylation in cancer: prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. Oncotarget 2018; 7:55789-55810. [PMID: 27322556 PMCID: PMC5342454 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is a post-translational modification that regulates gene transcription by targeting histones as well as a variety of transcription factors in the nucleus. Recently, several reports have demonstrated that numerous cytosolic proteins are also acetylated and that this modification, affecting protein activity, localization and stability has profound consequences on their cellular functions. Interestingly, most non-histone proteins targeted by acetylation are relevant for tumorigenesis. In this review, we will analyze the functional implications of lysine acetylation in different cellular compartments, and will examine our current understanding of lysine acetyltransferases family, highlighting the biological role and prognostic value of these enzymes and their substrates in cancer. The latter part of the article will address challenges and current status of molecules targeting lysine acetyltransferase enzymes in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Di Martile
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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35
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Xie X, Xu Z, Wang C, Fang C, Zhao J, Xu L, Qian X, Dai J, Sun F, Xu D, He W. Tip60 is associated with resistance to X-ray irradiation in prostate cancer. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 8:271-278. [PMID: 29435417 PMCID: PMC5794467 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tip60, an oncogene, accelerates cell growth by regulating androgen receptor translocation into the nucleus in prostate cancer. However, the mechanism of Tip60 in the response of prostate cancer to radiotherapy, and radioresistance, has not been studied. Using human prostate cancer samples and two human prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and DU145), Tip60 protein expression and the acetylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutant (ATM) were analysed by western blotting and immunoprecipitation. Tip60 was downregulated with small interfering RNA. Cells were irradiated using X‐rays at 0.25 Gy·min−1. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay. The expression of Tip60 protein was increased in radioresistant prostate cancer tissues in comparison with radiosensitive tissues, which was also confirmed in both irradiated DU145 and LNCaP cells. Furthermore, the acetylation of ATM was also upregulated in a time‐dependent manner after irradiation of both DU145 and LNCaP cells. Additionally, depletion of Tip60 decreased the survival of LNCaP and DU145 cells by inducing apoptosis, reduced the acetylation of ATM and decreased the expression of phosphorylated ATM, Chk2 and cdc25A in both DU145 and LNCaP cells after X‐ray irradiation. The results of this study demonstrated that the expression of Tip60 may be related to the radioresistance of prostate cancer and could serve as a promising predictive factor for prostate cancer patients receiving radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- Department of Urology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Zhaoping Xu
- Department of Urology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Chenghe Wang
- Department of Urology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Chen Fang
- Department of Urology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Juping Zhao
- Department of Urology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Urology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Xiaoqiang Qian
- Department of Urology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Urology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Fukang Sun
- Department of Urology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Danfeng Xu
- Department of Urology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Urology Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine China
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36
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Brown JAL. In Vitro Histone Acetylation Assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 79:3.14.1-3.14.16. [PMID: 29261229 DOI: 10.1002/cpph.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Acetylation is a core cellular process involved in maintaining genomic integrity, gene regulation, and metabolism. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are an enzyme family that regulates these processes by catalyzing the transfer of an acetyl moiety onto target proteins. Perturbations of cellular acetylation profiles have been associated with a variety of disease states, including cancer. Changes in acetylation profiles can be achieved by mechanisms associated with acetyltransferases, such as gene down-regulation or alterations in the activity of key acetyltransferase enzymes. An important set of tools for quantifying enzyme activity are in vitro histone acetylation assays, using either endogenous or tagged overexpressed proteins. Detailed in this unit is an in vitro acetylation assay used to quantify HAT activity. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A L Brown
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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37
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Magani F, Peacock SO, Rice MA, Martinez MJ, Greene AM, Magani PS, Lyles R, Weitz JR, Burnstein KL. Targeting AR Variant-Coactivator Interactions to Exploit Prostate Cancer Vulnerabilities. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1469-1480. [PMID: 28811363 PMCID: PMC5770277 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) progresses rapidly and is incurable. Constitutively active androgen receptor splice variants (AR-Vs) represent a well-established mechanism of therapeutic resistance and disease progression. These variants lack the AR ligand-binding domain and, as such, are not inhibited by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which is the standard systemic approach for advanced prostate cancer. Signaling by AR-Vs, including the clinically relevant AR-V7, is augmented by Vav3, an established AR coactivator in CRPC. Using mutational and biochemical studies, we demonstrated that the Vav3 Diffuse B-cell lymphoma homology (DH) domain interacted with the N-terminal region of AR-V7 (and full length AR). Expression of the Vav3 DH domain disrupted Vav3 interaction with and enhancement of AR-V7 activity. The Vav3 DH domain also disrupted AR-V7 interaction with other AR coactivators: Src1 and Vav2, which are overexpressed in PC. This Vav3 domain was used in proof-of-concept studies to evaluate the effects of disrupting the interaction between AR-V7 and its coactivators on CRPC cells. This disruption decreased CRPC cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth, caused increased apoptosis, decreased migration, and resulted in the acquisition of morphological changes associated with a less aggressive phenotype. While disrupting the interaction between FL-AR and its coactivators decreased N-C terminal interaction, disrupting the interaction of AR-V7 with its coactivators decreased AR-V7 nuclear levels.Implications: This study demonstrates the potential therapeutic utility of inhibiting constitutively active AR-V signaling by disrupting coactivator binding. Such an approach is significant, as AR-Vs are emerging as important drivers of CRPC that are particularly recalcitrant to current therapies. Mol Cancer Res; 15(11); 1469-80. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Magani
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Stephanie O Peacock
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Meghan A Rice
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Maria J Martinez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ann M Greene
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Pablo S Magani
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Rolando Lyles
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jonathan R Weitz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Kerry L Burnstein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, Florida
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Histone modifications: A review about the presence of this epigenetic phenomenon in carcinogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:1329-1339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Kumari S, Senapati D, Heemers HV. Rationale for the development of alternative forms of androgen deprivation therapy. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:R275-R295. [PMID: 28566530 PMCID: PMC5886376 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With few exceptions, the almost 30,000 prostate cancer deaths annually in the United States are due to failure of androgen deprivation therapy. Androgen deprivation therapy prevents ligand-activation of the androgen receptor. Despite initial remission after androgen deprivation therapy, prostate cancer almost invariably progresses while continuing to rely on androgen receptor action. Androgen receptor's transcriptional output, which ultimately controls prostate cancer behavior, is an alternative therapeutic target, but its molecular regulation is poorly understood. Recent insights in the molecular mechanisms by which the androgen receptor controls transcription of its target genes are uncovering gene specificity as well as context-dependency. Heterogeneity in the androgen receptor's transcriptional output is reflected both in its recruitment to diverse cognate DNA binding motifs and in its preferential interaction with associated pioneering factors, other secondary transcription factors and coregulators at those sites. This variability suggests that multiple, distinct modes of androgen receptor action that regulate diverse aspects of prostate cancer biology and contribute differentially to prostate cancer's clinical progression are active simultaneously in prostate cancer cells. Recent progress in the development of peptidomimetics and small molecules, and application of Chem-Seq approaches indicate the feasibility for selective disruption of critical protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions in transcriptional complexes. Here, we review the recent literature on the different molecular mechanisms by which the androgen receptor transcriptionally controls prostate cancer progression, and we explore the potential to translate these insights into novel, more selective forms of therapies that may bypass prostate cancer's resistance to conventional androgen deprivation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Kumari
- Department of Cancer BiologyCleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Hannelore V Heemers
- Department of Cancer BiologyCleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of UrologyCleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Hematology/Medical OncologyCleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Abstract
Two opposing enzyme classes regulate fundamental elements of genome maintenance, gene regulation and metabolism, either through addition of an acetyl moiety by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) or its removal by histone de-acetyltransferases (HDAC), and are exciting targets for drug development. Importantly, dysfunctional acetylation has been implicated in numerous diseases, including cancer. Within the HAT superfamily the MYST family holds particular interest, as its members are directly involved in the DNA damage response and repair pathways and crucially, several members have been shown to be down-regulated in common cancers (such as breast and prostate). In the present study we focus on the development of lysine (K) acetyltransferase inhibitors (KATi) targeting the MYST family member Tip60 (Kat5), an essential protein, designed or discovered through screening libraries. Importantly, Tip60 has been demonstrated to be significantly down-regulated in many cancers which urgently require new treatment options. We highlight current and future efforts employing these KATi as cancer treatments and their ability to synergize and enhance current cancer treatments. We investigate the different methods of KATi production or discovery, their mechanisms and their validation models. Importantly, the utility of KATi is based on a key concept: using KATi to abrogate the activity of an already down-regulated essential protein (effectively creating a lethal knockout) provides another innovative mechanism for targeting cancer cells, while significantly minimizing any off-target effects to normal cells. This approach, combined with the rapidly developing interest in KATi, suggests that KATi have a bright future for providing truly personalized therapies.
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Nabbi A, McClurg UL, Thalappilly S, Almami A, Mobahat M, Bismar TA, Binda O, Riabowol KT. ING3 promotes prostate cancer growth by activating the androgen receptor. BMC Med 2017; 15:103. [PMID: 28511652 PMCID: PMC5434536 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The androgen receptor (AR) is a major driver of prostate cancer, and increased AR levels and co-activators of the receptor promote the development of prostate cancer. INhibitor of Growth (ING) proteins target lysine acetyltransferase or lysine deacetylase complexes to the histone H3K4Me3 mark of active transcription, to affect chromatin structure and gene expression. ING3 is a stoichiometric member of the TIP60 lysine acetyltransferase complex implicated in prostate cancer development. METHODS Biopsies of 265 patients with prostate cancer were stained for ING3, pan-cytokeratin, and DNA. LNCaP and C4-2 androgen-responsive cells were used for in vitro assays including immunoprecipitation, western blotting, Luciferase reporter assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability and migration assays were performed in prostate cancer cell lines using scrambled siRNA or siRNA targeting ING3. RESULTS We find that ING3 levels and AR activity positively correlate in prostate cancer. ING3 potentiates androgen effects, increasing expression of androgen-regulated genes and androgen response element-driven reporters to promote growth and anchorage-independent growth. Conversely, ING3 knockdown inhibits prostate cancer cell growth and invasion. ING3 activates the AR by serving as a scaffold to increase interaction between TIP60 and the AR in the cytoplasm, enhancing receptor acetylation and translocation to the nucleus. Activation is independent of ING3's ability to target the TIP60 complex to H3K4Me3, identifying a previously unknown chromatin-independent cytoplasmic activity for ING3. In agreement with in vitro observations, analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data (n = 498) and a prostate cancer tissue microarray (n = 256) show that ING3 levels are higher in aggressive prostate cancers, with high levels of ING3 predicting shorter patient survival in a low AR subgroup. Including ING3 levels with currently used indicators such as the Gleason score provides more accurate prognosis in primary prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the majority of previous reports suggesting tumor suppressive functions in other cancers, our observations identify a clear oncogenic role for ING3, which acts as a co-activator of AR in prostate cancer. Data from TCGA and our previous and current tissue microarrays suggest that ING3 levels correlate with AR levels and that in patients with low levels of the receptor, ING3 level could serve as a useful prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Nabbi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Urszula L McClurg
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Subhash Thalappilly
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Amal Almami
- Department of Oncology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mahsa Mobahat
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tarek A Bismar
- Department of Oncology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Olivier Binda
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Karl T Riabowol
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,, #311 HMRB, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Baumgart SJ, Haendler B. Exploiting Epigenetic Alterations in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051017. [PMID: 28486411 PMCID: PMC5454930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer affects an increasing number of men worldwide and is a leading cause of cancer-associated deaths. Beside genetic mutations, many epigenetic alterations including DNA and histone modifications have been identified in clinical prostate tumor samples. They have been linked to aberrant activity of enzymes and reader proteins involved in these epigenetic processes, leading to the search for dedicated inhibitory compounds. In the wake of encouraging anti-tumor efficacy results in preclinical models, epigenetic modulators addressing different targets are now being tested in prostate cancer patients. In addition, the assessment of microRNAs as stratification biomarkers, and early clinical trials evaluating suppressor microRNAs as potential prostate cancer treatment are being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Baumgart
- Drug Discovery, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bernard Haendler
- Drug Discovery, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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McClurg UL, Harle VJ, Nabbi A, Batalha-Pereira A, Walker S, Coffey K, Gaughan L, McCracken SRC, Robson CN. Ubiquitin-specific protease 12 interacting partners Uaf-1 and WDR20 are potential therapeutic targets in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37724-36. [PMID: 26462181 PMCID: PMC4741960 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a key transcription factor in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer (PC) and is a major therapeutic target for the treatment of advanced disease. Unfortunately, current therapies are not curative for castration resistant PC and a better understanding of AR regulation could identify novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers to aid treatment of this disease. The AR is known to be regulated by a number of post-translational modifications and we have recently identified the deubiquitinating enzyme Usp12 as a positive regulator of AR. We determined that Usp12 deubiquitinates the AR resulting in elevated receptor stability and activity. Furthermore, Usp12 silencing was shown to reduce proliferation of PC cells. Usp12 is known to require the co-factors Uaf-1 and WDR20 for catalytic activity. In this report we focus further on the role of Uaf-1 and WDR20 in Usp12 regulation and investigate if these co-factors are also required for controlling AR activity. Firstly, we confirm the presence of the Usp12/Uaf-1/WDR20 complex in PC cells and demonstrate the importance of Uaf-1 and WDR20 for Usp12 stabilisation. Consequently, we show that individual silencing of either Uaf-1 or WDR20 is sufficient to abrogate the activity of the Usp12 complex and down-regulate AR-mediated transcription via receptor destabilisation resulting in increased apoptosis and decreased colony forming ability of PC cells. Moreover, expression of both Uaf-1 and WDR20 is higher in PC tissue compared to benign controls. Overall these results highlight the potential importance of the Usp12/Uaf-1/WDR20 complex in AR regulation and PC progression. Highlights:
Androgen receptor is a key transcriptional regulator in prostate cancer Usp12/Uaf-1/WDR20 complex plays a crucial role in androgen receptor stability and activity Destabilising an individual Usp12/Uaf-1/WDR20 complex member reduces the protein levels of the whole complex and diminishes androgen receptor activity Protein levels of all members of the Usp12/Uaf-1/WDR20 complex are significantly increased in PC
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula L McClurg
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria J Harle
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Arash Nabbi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Amanda Batalha-Pereira
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Walker
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly Coffey
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Gaughan
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart R C McCracken
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Craig N Robson
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Laboratory, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Graça I, Pereira-Silva E, Henrique R, Packham G, Crabb SJ, Jerónimo C. Epigenetic modulators as therapeutic targets in prostate cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:98. [PMID: 27651838 PMCID: PMC5025578 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common non-cutaneous malignancies among men worldwide. Epigenetic aberrations, including changes in DNA methylation patterns and/or histone modifications, are key drivers of prostate carcinogenesis. These epigenetic defects might be due to deregulated function and/or expression of the epigenetic machinery, affecting the expression of several important genes. Remarkably, epigenetic modifications are reversible and numerous compounds that target the epigenetic enzymes and regulatory proteins were reported to be effective in cancer growth control. In fact, some of these drugs are already being tested in clinical trials. This review discusses the most important epigenetic alterations in prostate cancer, highlighting the role of epigenetic modulating compounds in pre-clinical and clinical trials as potential therapeutic agents for prostate cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Graça
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group-Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Research Center-LAB 3, F Bdg, 1st floor, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal ; School of Allied Health Sciences (ESTSP), Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eva Pereira-Silva
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group-Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Research Center-LAB 3, F Bdg, 1st floor, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group-Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Research Center-LAB 3, F Bdg, 1st floor, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal ; Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal ; Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar-University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, The Somers Cancer Research Building, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, S016 6YD UK
| | - Simon J Crabb
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, The Somers Cancer Research Building, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, S016 6YD UK
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group-Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Research Center-LAB 3, F Bdg, 1st floor, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal ; Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar-University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
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45
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Banerjee Mustafi S, Chakraborty PK, Naz S, Dwivedi SKD, Street M, Basak R, Yang D, Ding K, Mukherjee P, Bhattacharya R. MDR1 mediated chemoresistance: BMI1 and TIP60 in action. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1859:983-93. [PMID: 27295567 PMCID: PMC4958591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced emergence of drug resistant cells is frequently observed and is exemplified by the expression of family of drug resistance proteins including, multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1). However, a concise mechanism for chemotherapy-induced MDR1 expression is unclear. Mechanistically, mutational selection, epigenetic alteration, activation of the Wnt pathway or impaired p53 function have been implicated. The present study describes that the surviving fraction of cisplatin resistant cells co- upregulate MDR1, BMI1 and acetyl transferase activity of TIP60. Using complementary gain and loss of function approaches, we demonstrate that the expression of MDR1 is positively regulated by BMI1, a stem-cell factor classically known as a transcriptional repressor. Our study establishes a functional interaction between TIP60 and BMI-1 resulting in upregulation of MDR1 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays further establish that the proximal MDR1 promoter responds to cisplatin in a BMI1 dependent manner. BMI1 interacts with a cluster of E-box elements on the MDR1 promoter and recruits TIP60 resulting in acetylation of histone H2A and H3. Collectively, our data establish a hitherto unknown liaison among MDR1, BMI1 and TIP60 and provide mechanistic insights into cisplatin-induced MDR1 expression resulting in acquired cross-resistance against paclitaxel, doxorubicin and likely other drugs. In conclusion, our results advocate utilizing anti-BMI1 strategies to alleviate acquired resistance to chemotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/agonists
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- Acetylation/drug effects
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Histone Acetyltransferases/genetics
- Histone Acetyltransferases/metabolism
- Histones/genetics
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Lysine Acetyltransferase 5
- Paclitaxel/pharmacology
- Polycomb Repressive Complex 1/agonists
- Polycomb Repressive Complex 1/genetics
- Polycomb Repressive Complex 1/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyajit Banerjee Mustafi
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Prabir Kumar Chakraborty
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sarwat Naz
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Shailendra Kumar Dhar Dwivedi
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Mark Street
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rumki Basak
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Da Yang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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46
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Culig Z. Androgen Receptor Coactivators in Regulation of Growth and Differentiation in Prostate Cancer. J Cell Physiol 2016. [PMID: 26201947 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is a key factor in regulation of growth and differentiation in normal and malignant prostate. Endocrine therapies for prostate cancer include inhibition of androgen production either by analogs of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone or abiraterone acetate and/or use of anti-androgens such as hydroxyflutamide, bicalutamide, and enzalutamide. Castration therapy-resistant cancer develops inevitably in patients who undergo treatment. AR coactivators are proteins which interact with one or more regions of the AR thus enhancing its function. Although several functions of AR coactivators may be redundant, specific functions have been identified and analyzed. The p160 group of coactivators, SRC-1, -2, and -3 not only potentiate the activation of the AR, but are also implicated in potentiation of function of insulin-like growth factor-I and activation of the Akt pathway. Transcriptional integrators p300 and CBP are up-regulated by androgen ablation and may influence antagonist/agonist balance of non-steroidal anti-androgens. A therapy approach designed to target p300 in prostate cancer revealed its role in regulation of proliferation of migration of androgen-sensitive and -insensitive prostate cancer cells. Coactivators p300 and SRC-1 are required for AR activation by interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine that is overexpressed in castration therapy-resistant prostate cancer. Some coactivators, such as Vav3, are involved in regulation of transcriptional activity of truncated AR, which emerge during endocrine thrapy. Stimulation of cellular migration and invasion by AR coactivators has also been described. Translational studies with aim to introduce anti-AR coactivator therapy have not been successfully implemented in the clinic so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Culig
- Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Foley C, Mitsiades N. Moving Beyond the Androgen Receptor (AR): Targeting AR-Interacting Proteins to Treat Prostate Cancer. HORMONES & CANCER 2016; 7:84-103. [PMID: 26728473 PMCID: PMC5380740 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-015-0239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Medical or surgical castration serves as the backbone of systemic therapy for advanced and metastatic prostate cancer, taking advantage of the importance of androgen signaling in this disease. Unfortunately, resistance to castration emerges almost universally. Despite the development and approval of new and more potent androgen synthesis inhibitors and androgen receptor (AR) antagonists, prostate cancers continue to develop resistance to these therapeutics, while often maintaining their dependence on the AR signaling axis. This highlights the need for innovative therapeutic approaches that aim to continue disrupting AR downstream signaling but are orthogonal to directly targeting the AR itself. In this review, we discuss the preclinical research that has been done, as well as clinical trials for prostate cancer, on inhibiting several important families of AR-interacting proteins, including chaperones (such as heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and FKBP52), pioneer factors (including forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) and GATA-2), and AR transcriptional coregulators such as the p160 steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) SRC-1, SRC-2, SRC-3, as well as lysine deacetylases (KDACs) and lysine acetyltransferases (KATs). Researching the effect of-and developing new therapeutic agents that target-the AR signaling axis is critical to advancing our understanding of prostate cancer biology, to continue to improve treatments for prostate cancer and for overcoming castration resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Foley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Suite R407, MS: BCM187, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Suite R407, MS: BCM187, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nicholas Mitsiades
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Suite R407, MS: BCM187, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Suite R407, MS: BCM187, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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DePriest AD, Fiandalo MV, Schlanger S, Heemers F, Mohler JL, Liu S, Heemers HV. Regulators of Androgen Action Resource: a one-stop shop for the comprehensive study of androgen receptor action. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2016; 2016:bav125. [PMID: 26876983 PMCID: PMC4752970 DOI: 10.1093/database/bav125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is the main target for treatment of non-organ-confined prostate cancer (CaP). Failure of life-prolonging AR-targeting androgen deprivation therapy is due to flexibility in steroidogenic pathways that control intracrine androgen levels and variability in the AR transcriptional output. Androgen biosynthesis enzymes, androgen transporters and AR-associated coregulators are attractive novel CaP treatment targets. These proteins, however, are characterized by multiple transcript variants and isoforms, are subject to genomic alterations, and are differentially expressed among CaPs. Determining their therapeutic potential requires evaluation of extensive, diverse datasets that are dispersed over multiple databases, websites and literature reports. Mining and integrating these datasets are cumbersome, time-consuming tasks and provide only snapshots of relevant information. To overcome this impediment to effective, efficient study of AR and potential drug targets, we developed the Regulators of Androgen Action Resource (RAAR), a non-redundant, curated and user-friendly searchable web interface. RAAR centralizes information on gene function, clinical relevance, and resources for 55 genes that encode proteins involved in biosynthesis, metabolism and transport of androgens and for 274 AR-associated coregulator genes. Data in RAAR are organized in two levels: (i) Information pertaining to production of androgens is contained in a ‘pre-receptor level’ database, and coregulator gene information is provided in a ‘post-receptor level’ database, and (ii) an ‘other resources’ database contains links to additional databases that are complementary to and useful to pursue further the information provided in RAAR. For each of its 329 entries, RAAR provides access to more than 20 well-curated publicly available databases, and thus, access to thousands of data points. Hyperlinks provide direct access to gene-specific entries in the respective database(s). RAAR is a novel, freely available resource that provides fast, reliable and easy access to integrated information that is needed to develop alternative CaP therapies. Database URL: http://www.lerner.ccf.org/cancerbio/heemers/RAAR/search/
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon Schlanger
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - James L Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hannelore V Heemers
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA Department of Urology Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Kaypee S, Sudarshan D, Shanmugam MK, Mukherjee D, Sethi G, Kundu TK. Aberrant lysine acetylation in tumorigenesis: Implications in the development of therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 162:98-119. [PMID: 26808162 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The 'language' of covalent histone modifications translates environmental and cellular cues into gene expression. This vast array of post-translational modifications on histones are more than just covalent moieties added onto a protein, as they also form a platform on which crucial cellular signals are relayed. The reversible lysine acetylation has emerged as an important post-translational modification of both histone and non-histone proteins, dictating numerous epigenetic programs within a cell. Thus, understanding the complex biology of lysine acetylation and its regulators is essential for the development of epigenetic therapeutics. In this review, we will attempt to address the complexities of lysine acetylation in the context of tumorigenesis, their role in cancer progression and emphasize on the modalities developed to target lysine acetyltransferases towards cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kaypee
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepthi Sudarshan
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Debanjan Mukherjee
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Tapas K Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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E. Livermore K, Munkley J, J. Elliott D. Androgen receptor and prostate cancer. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2016.2.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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