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de Lima-Souza RA, Altemani A, Michal M, Mariano FV, Leivo I, Skálová A. Expanding the Molecular Spectrum of Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma: An Analysis of 84 Cases With a Novel HMGA2::LINC02389 Fusion. Am J Surg Pathol 2024:00000478-990000000-00418. [PMID: 39324957 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is an aggressive epithelial and/or myoepithelial neoplasm that arises in association with a pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Its etiopathogenesis remains poorly understood, but it is believed that the development of this tumor is due to the accumulation of genetic, protein, metabolic, and epigenetic alterations in a PA. A retrospective review of the Salivary Gland Tumor Registry in Pilsen yielded 84 CXPA, namely 25/84 salivary duct carcinoma (SDC), 15/84 myoepithelial carcinoma (MC), 1/84 epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC), and 1/84 adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC). All 84 CXPA cases were analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Forty-three tumors originally diagnosed as CXPA (43/84, 51.2%) showed some molecular alteration. Fusion transcripts were identified in 12/16 (75%) CXPA, including LIFR::PLAG1, CTNNB1::PLAG1, FGFR1::PLAG1, and a novel fusion, HMGA2::LINC02389. Most of the fusions were confirmed by FISH using PLAG1 (6/11) and HMGA2 (1/1) gene break probes. Split signals indicating gene break were identified by FISH for PLAG1 (12/17), HMGA2 (3/4), EWSR1 (7/22), and MYB (2/7). Concerning pathogenic mutations, only CXPA with epithelial differentiation (SDC) presented these alterations, including HRAS mutation (2/4), TP53 (1/4), PTEN (1/4), and ATK1 (1/4). In addition, amplifications in ERBB2 (17/35), MDM2 (1/4), and EWSR1 (1/7) were detected. A novel finding was the discovery of an HMGA2::LINC02389 fusion in 1 patient with EMC ex-PA. The present results indicate that molecular profiling of CXPA with myoepithelial differentiation (MC) tends to reveal chromosomal fusion events, whereas CXPA with epithelial differentiation (SDC) tends to have a higher frequency of pathogenic mutations and gene amplifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reydson Alcides de Lima-Souza
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Albina Altemani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michal Michal
- Bioptic Laboratory Ltd
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Fernanda Viviane Mariano
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ilmo Leivo
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Alena Skálová
- Bioptic Laboratory Ltd
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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de Lima-Souza RA, Vieira GDS, Kimura TDC, Scarini JF, Lavareze L, Maciel TF, Gonçalves MWA, Egal ESA, Altemani A, Mariano FV. Insights into the molecular alterations of PLAG1 and HMGA2 associated with malignant phenotype acquisition in pleomorphic adenoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 204:104494. [PMID: 39278426 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common neoplasm of the salivary gland, presenting with a variety of histological features. In some cases, PA can undergo malignant transformation to carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA). The transition from PA to CXPA is associated with complex molecular alterations, particularly involving the pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) and high mobility group protein gene (HMGA2). This review investigates the molecular alterations of PLAG1 and HMGA2 in all domains in the malignant transformation of PA. Our analysis highlights that these markers are key alterations in the etiopathogenesis of PA and CXPA, with gene fusion and amplification being frequently reported mechanisms. Although the exact role of PLAG1 and HMGA2 in the oncogenic process remains unclear, further studies on the HMGA2 and PLAG1, are needed particularly in HMGA2-PLAG1-IGF2 which is proving to be a potential pathway for the development of clinically applicable therapies, especially for CXPA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reydson Alcides de Lima-Souza
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo de Souza Vieira
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Talita de Carvalho Kimura
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - João Figueira Scarini
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luccas Lavareze
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Tayná Figueiredo Maciel
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Moisés Willian Aparecido Gonçalves
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Erika Said Abu Egal
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Biorepository and Molecular Pathology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah (UU), Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Albina Altemani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Viviane Mariano
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Zanella VG, Costa SFDS, Schuch LF, Pilar EFS, Paes Leme AF, Dos Santos JN, Khurram SA, Elalawy F, Bingle L, Nunes FD, Fonseca FP, Vargas PA, Martins MD, Wagner VP. Pleomorphic adenoma and carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma tumorigenesis: A proteomic analysis. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 39155517 DOI: 10.1111/odi.15109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To conduct a comprehensive proteomic analysis of normal salivary gland tissue, pleomorphic adenoma (PA), and carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA), and validate the proteomic findings using immunohistochemistry. METHODS Six normal salivary gland tissues, seven PA and seven CXPA samples underwent laser microdissection followed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Protein identification and quantification were performed using MaxQuant software. Statistical analysis and functional enrichment were conducted using the Perseus platform and STRING tool, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was used for validation. RESULTS Comparative proteomic analysis revealed 2680 proteins across the three tissue types, with 799 significantly altered between groups. Translocation protein SEC63 homolog, Annexin A6 and Biglycan were up-regulated in CXPA compared to PA. Decorin was markedly up-regulated in both PA and CXPA compared to normal salivary gland (log2 fold changes of 7.58 and 7.38, respectively). Validation confirmed elevated levels of Biglycan and Decorin in the extracellular matrix of CXPA compared to PA. CONCLUSIONS Proteomic analysis identified differential protein expression patterns associated with malignant transformation of PA into CXPA. Findings indicate a crucial role for extracellular matrix proteins, specifically Biglycan and Decorin, in the tumorigenic progression of PA and CXPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgílio Gonzales Zanella
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Santa Rita Hospital, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sara Ferreira Dos Santos Costa
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lauren Frenzel Schuch
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Franco Paes Leme
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Jean Nunes Dos Santos
- Postgraduation Program in Dentistry and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Syed Ali Khurram
- Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Fatima Elalawy
- Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lynne Bingle
- Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Fabio Daumas Nunes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Pablo Agustin Vargas
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Vivian Petersen Wagner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
- Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Gasperoni JG, Tran SC, Grommen SVH, De Groef B, Dworkin S. The Role of PLAG1 in Mouse Brain Development and Neurogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5851-5867. [PMID: 38240991 PMCID: PMC11249490 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03943-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (Plag1) is a transcription factor involved in the regulation of growth and cellular proliferation. Here, we report the spatial distribution and functional implications of PLAG1 expression in the adult mouse brain. We identified Plag1 promoter-dependent β-galactosidase expression in various brain structures, including the hippocampus, cortex, choroid plexus, subcommisural organ, ependymal cells lining the third ventricle, medial and lateral habenulae and amygdala. We noted striking spatial-restriction of PLAG1 within the cornu ammonis (CA1) region of the hippocampus and layer-specific cortical expression, with abundant expression noted in all layers except layer 5. Furthermore, our study delved into the role of PLAG1 in neurodevelopment, focusing on its impact on neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation. Loss of Plag1 resulted in reduced proliferation and decreased production of neocortical progenitors in vivo, although ex vivo neurosphere experiments revealed no cell-intrinsic defects in the proliferative or neurogenic capacity of Plag1-deficient neural progenitors. Lastly, we explored potential target genes of PLAG1 in the cortex, identifying that Neurogenin 2 (Ngn2) was significantly downregulated in Plag1-deficient mice. In summary, our study provides novel insights into the spatial distribution of PLAG1 expression in the adult mouse brain and its potential role in neurodevelopment. These findings expand our understanding of the functional significance of PLAG1 within the brain, with potential implications for neurodevelopmental disorders and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma G Gasperoni
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Stephanie C Tran
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Sylvia V H Grommen
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert De Groef
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Dworkin
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
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Panagopoulos I, Andersen K, Lobmaier I, Lund-Iversen M. Genetic Heterogeneity in Cellular Angiofibromas. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2024; 63:e23262. [PMID: 39120141 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular angiofibroma, a rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm, is classified within the 13q/RB1 family of tumors due to morphological, immunohistochemical, and genetic similarities with spindle cell lipoma. Here, genetic data reveal pathogenetic heterogeneity in cellular angiofibroma. METHODS Three cellular angiofibromas were studied using G-banding/Karyotyping, array comparative genomic hybridization, RNA sequencing, and direct cycling sequencing. RESULTS The first tumor carried a del(13)(q12) together with heterozygous loss and minimal expression of the RB1 gene. Tumors two and three displayed chromosome 8 abnormalities associated with chimeras of the pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1). In tumor 2, the cathepsin B (CTSB) fused to PLAG1 (CTSB::PLAG1) while in tumor 3, the mir-99a-let-7c cluster host gene (MIR99AHG) fused to PLAG1 (MIR99AHG::PLAG1), both leading to elevated expression of PLAG1 and insulin growth factor 2. CONCLUSION This study uncovers two genetic pathways contributing to the pathogenetic heterogeneity within cellular angiofibromas. The first aligns with the 13q/RB1 family of tumors and the second involves PLAG1-chimeras. These findings highlight the diverse genetic landscape of cellular angiofibromas, providing insights into potential diagnostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Panagopoulos
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Andersen
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Lobmaier
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marius Lund-Iversen
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Collins-McMillen D, De Oliveira Pessoa D, Zarrella K, Parkins CJ, Daily M, Moorman NJ, Kamil JP, Caposio P, Padi M, Goodrum FD. Viral and host network analysis of the human cytomegalovirus transcriptome in latency. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.21.594597. [PMID: 38826434 PMCID: PMC11142044 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.21.594597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
HCMV genes UL135 and UL138 play opposing roles regulating latency and reactivation in CD34+ human progenitor cells (HPCs). Using the THP-1 cell line model for latency and reactivation, we designed an RNA sequencing study to compare the transcriptional profile of HCMV infection in the presence and absence of these genes. The loss of UL138 results in elevated levels of viral gene expression and increased differentiation of cell populations that support HCMV gene expression and genome synthesis. The loss of UL135 results in diminished viral gene expression during an initial burst that occurs as latency is established and no expression of eleven viral genes from the ULb' region even following stimulation for differentiation and reactivation. Transcriptional network analysis revealed host transcription factors with potential to regulate the ULb' genes in coordination with pUL135. These results reveal roles for UL135 and UL138 in regulation of viral gene expression and potentially hematopoietic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Collins-McMillen
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Diogo De Oliveira Pessoa
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Kristen Zarrella
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Parkins
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael Daily
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel J. Moorman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jeremy P. Kamil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Patrizia Caposio
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Megha Padi
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Felicia D. Goodrum
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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Lin Z, Li X, Shi H, Cao R, Zhu L, Dang C, Sheng Y, Fan W, Yang Z, Wu S. Decoding the tumor microenvironment and molecular mechanism: unraveling cervical cancer subpopulations and prognostic signatures through scRNA-Seq and bulk RNA-seq analyses. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1351287. [PMID: 38482016 PMCID: PMC10933018 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1351287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical carcinoma (CC) represents a prevalent gynecological neoplasm, with a discernible rise in prevalence among younger cohorts observed in recent years. Nonetheless, the intrinsic cellular heterogeneity of CC remains inadequately investigated. Methods We utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) transcriptomic analysis to scrutinize the tumor epithelial cells derived from four specimens of cervical carcinoma (CC) patients. This method enabled the identification of pivotal subpopulations of tumor epithelial cells and elucidation of their contributions to CC progression. Subsequently, we assessed the influence of associated molecules in bulk RNA sequencing (Bulk RNA-seq) cohorts and performed cellular experiments for validation purposes. Results Through our analysis, we have discerned C3 PLP2+ Tumor Epithelial Progenitor Cells as a noteworthy subpopulation in cervical carcinoma (CC), exerting a pivotal influence on the differentiation and progression of CC. We have established an independent prognostic indicator-the PLP2+ Tumor EPCs score. By stratifying patients into high and low score groups based on the median score, we have observed that the high-score group exhibits diminished survival rates compared to the low-score group. The correlations observed between these groups and immune infiltration, enriched pathways, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), drug sensitivity, among other factors, further underscore their impact on CC prognosis. Cellular experiments have validated the significant impact of ATF6 on the proliferation and migration of CC cell lines. Conclusion This study enriches our comprehension of the determinants shaping the progression of CC, elevates cognizance of the tumor microenvironment in CC, and offers valuable insights for prospective CC therapies. These discoveries contribute to the refinement of CC diagnostics and the formulation of optimal therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Lin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinhan Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hengmei Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renshuang Cao
- Wangjing Hospital of Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Longhua Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxiao Dang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yawen Sheng
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weisen Fan
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | | | - Siyu Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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D’Occhio MJ, Campanile G, Baruselli PS, Porto Neto LR, Hayes BJ, Snr AC, Fortes MRS. Pleomorphic adenoma gene1 in reproduction and implication for embryonic survival in cattle: a review. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae103. [PMID: 38586898 PMCID: PMC11056886 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The pleomorphic adenoma gene1 (PLAG1) encodes a DNA-binding, C2H2 zinc-finger protein which acts as a transcription factor that regulates the expression of diverse genes across different organs and tissues; hence, the name pleomorphic. Rearrangements of the PLAG1 gene, and/or overexpression, are associated with benign tumors and cancers in a variety of tissues. This is best described for pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands in humans. The most notable expression of PLAG1 occurs during embryonic and fetal development, with lesser expression after birth. Evidence has accumulated of a role for PLAG1 protein in normal early embryonic development and placentation in mammals. PLAG1 protein influences the expression of the ike growth factor 2 (IGF2) gene and production of IGF2 protein. IGF2 is an important mitogen in ovarian follicles/oocytes, embryos, and fetuses. The PLAG1-IGF2 axis, therefore, provides one pathway whereby PLAG1 protein can influence embryonic survival and pregnancy. PLAG1 also influences over 1,000 other genes in embryos including those associated with ribosomal assembly and proteins. Brahman (Bos indicus) heifers homozygous for the PLAG1 variant, rs109815800 (G > T), show greater fertility than contemporary heifers with either one, or no copy, of the variant. Greater fertility in heifers homozygous for rs109815800 could be the result of early puberty and/or greater embryonic survival. The present review first looks at the broader roles of the PLAG1 gene and PLAG1 protein and then focuses on the emerging role of PLAG1/PLAG1 in embryonic development and pregnancy. A deeper understanding of factors which influence embryonic development is required for the next transformational increase in embryonic survival and successful pregnancy for both in vivo and in vitro derived embryos in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J D’Occhio
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro S Baruselli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Animal Reproduction, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ben J Hayes
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alf Collins Snr
- CBV Brahman, Marlborough, Central Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Marina R S Fortes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Aguayo JS, Shelton JM, Tan W, Rakheja D, Cai C, Shalaby A, Lee J, Iannaccone ST, Xu L, Chen K, Burns DK, Zheng Y. Ectopic PLAG1 induces muscular dystrophy in the mouse. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 665:159-168. [PMID: 37163936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Even though various genetic mutations have been identified in muscular dystrophies (MD), there is still a need to understand the biology of MD in the absence of known mutations. Here we reported a new mouse model of MD driven by ectopic expression of PLAG1. This gene encodes a developmentally regulated transcription factor known to be expressed in developing skeletal muscle, and implicated as an oncogene in certain cancers including rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma composed of myoblast-like cells. By breeding loxP-STOP-loxP-PLAG1 (LSL-PLAG1) mice into the MCK-Cre line, we achieved ectopic PLAG1 expression in cardiac and skeletal muscle. The Cre/PLAG1 mice died before 6 weeks of age with evidence of cardiomyopathy significantly limiting left ventricle fractional shortening. Histology of skeletal muscle revealed dystrophic features, including myofiber necrosis, fiber size variation, frequent centralized nuclei, fatty infiltration, and fibrosis, all of which mimic human MD pathology. QRT-PCR and Western blot revealed modestly decreased Dmd mRNA and dystrophin protein in the dystrophic muscle, and immunofluorescence staining showed decreased dystrophin along the cell membrane. Repression of Dmd by ectopic PLAG1 was confirmed in dystrophic skeletal muscle and various cell culture models. In vitro studies showed that excess IGF2 expression, a transcriptional target of PLAG1, phenocopied PLAG1-mediated down-regulation of dystrophin. In summary, we developed a new mouse model of a lethal MD due to ectopic expression of PLAG1 in heart and skeletal muscle. Our data support the potential contribution of excess IGF2 in this model. Further studying these mice may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of MD and perhaps lead to new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Shugert Aguayo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John M Shelton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chunyu Cai
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed Shalaby
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeon Lee
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Susan T Iannaccone
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Health Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dennis K Burns
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yanbin Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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10
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Keck MK, Sill M, Wittmann A, Joshi P, Stichel D, Beck P, Okonechnikow K, Sievers P, Wefers AK, Roncaroli F, Avula S, McCabe MG, Hayden JT, Wesseling P, Øra I, Nistér M, Kranendonk MEG, Tops BBJ, Zapotocky M, Zamecnik J, Vasiljevic A, Fenouil T, Meyronet D, von Hoff K, Schüller U, Loiseau H, Figarella-Branger D, Kramm CM, Sturm D, Scheie D, Rauramaa T, Pesola J, Gojo J, Haberler C, Brandner S, Jacques T, Sexton Oates A, Saffery R, Koscielniak E, Baker SJ, Yip S, Snuderl M, Ud Din N, Samuel D, Schramm K, Blattner-Johnson M, Selt F, Ecker J, Milde T, von Deimling A, Korshunov A, Perry A, Pfister SM, Sahm F, Solomon DA, Jones DTW. Amplification of the PLAG-family genes-PLAGL1 and PLAGL2-is a key feature of the novel tumor type CNS embryonal tumor with PLAGL amplification. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 145:49-69. [PMID: 36437415 PMCID: PMC9807491 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent the most common cause of cancer-related death in children aged 0-14 years. They differ from their adult counterparts, showing extensive clinical and molecular heterogeneity as well as a challenging histopathological spectrum that often impairs accurate diagnosis. Here, we use DNA methylation-based CNS tumor classification in combination with copy number, RNA-seq, and ChIP-seq analysis to characterize a newly identified CNS tumor type. In addition, we report histology, patient characteristics, and survival data in this tumor type. We describe a biologically distinct pediatric CNS tumor type (n = 31 cases) that is characterized by focal high-level amplification and resultant overexpression of either PLAGL1 or PLAGL2, and an absence of recurrent genetic alterations characteristic of other pediatric CNS tumor types. Both genes act as transcription factors for a regulatory subset of imprinted genes (IGs), components of the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway, and the potential drug targets RET and CYP2W1, which are also specifically overexpressed in this tumor type. A derived PLAGL-specific gene expression signature indicates dysregulation of imprinting control and differentiation/development. These tumors occurred throughout the neuroaxis including the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and brainstem, and were predominantly composed of primitive embryonal-like cells lacking robust expression of markers of glial or neuronal differentiation (e.g., GFAP, OLIG2, and synaptophysin). Tumors with PLAGL1 amplification were typically diagnosed during adolescence (median age 10.5 years), whereas those with PLAGL2 amplification were diagnosed during early childhood (median age 2 years). The 10-year overall survival was 66% for PLAGL1-amplified tumors, 25% for PLAGL2-amplified tumors, 18% for male patients, and 82% for female patients. In summary, we describe a new type of biologically distinct CNS tumor characterized by PLAGL1/2 amplification that occurs predominantly in infants and toddlers (PLAGL2) or adolescents (PLAGL1) which we consider best classified as a CNS embryonal tumor and which is associated with intermediate survival. The cell of origin and optimal treatment strategies remain to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela-Kristina Keck
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research (B360), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Sill
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Wittmann
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research (B360), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Piyush Joshi
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Damian Stichel
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pengbo Beck
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Okonechnikow
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Sievers
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika K Wefers
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Federico Roncaroli
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Shivaram Avula
- Department of Radiology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Martin G McCabe
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - James T Hayden
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc and Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Øra
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Monica Nistér
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Bastiaan B J Tops
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Zapotocky
- Prague Brain Tumor Research Group, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zamecnik
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandre Vasiljevic
- Institut de Pathologie Multisite-Site Est, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Tanguy Fenouil
- Institut de Pathologie Multisite-Site Est, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - David Meyronet
- Institut de Pathologie Multisite-Site Est, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Katja von Hoff
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hugues Loiseau
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology (BRIC)-INSERM U1312 Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Leo Saignat, Case 76, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dominique Figarella-Branger
- Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, CHU Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France
| | - Christof M Kramm
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Sturm
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research (B360), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Scheie
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tuomas Rauramaa
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital and Unit of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jouni Pesola
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ward, Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johannes Gojo
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Haberler
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Square, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Tom Jacques
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Sexton Oates
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ewa Koscielniak
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology/Immunology, Olgahospital, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Suzanne J Baker
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stephen Yip
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Colombia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nasir Ud Din
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - David Samuel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Valley Children's Hospital, Madera, CA, USA
| | - Kathrin Schramm
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research (B360), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Blattner-Johnson
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research (B360), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Selt
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- KiTZ Clinical Trial Unit (ZIPO), Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Ecker
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- KiTZ Clinical Trial Unit (ZIPO), Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Till Milde
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- KiTZ Clinical Trial Unit (ZIPO), Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arie Perry
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), 513 Parnassus Ave, Health Sciences West 451, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David A Solomon
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), 513 Parnassus Ave, Health Sciences West 451, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - David T W Jones
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research (B360), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Pan Y, Wang M, Wu H, Akhatayeva Z, Lan X, Fei P, Mao C, Jiang F. Indel mutations of sheep PLAG1 gene and their associations with growth traits. Anim Biotechnol 2022; 33:1459-1465. [PMID: 33825658 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1906265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pleiomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) is mainly expressed in embryonic development, and it is reported to take an effect on the growth performance of mice, cattle, pigs, and sheep. To explore how conservative the PLAG1 is in different sheep breeds, the effects of the two indel variants on the growth traits of the Chinese Luxi blackhead (LXBH) sheep were firstly detected. The P2-del 30 bp and P4-del 45 bp indel loci of the sheep PLAG1 gene were significantly related to 15 growth traits (P < 0.05). Genotype ID and genotype II were dominant for the P2-del 30 bp and P4-del 45 bp loci, respectively. The above findings indicated that the two indel mutations in the ovine PLAG1 gene were suggested to become the molecular markers for the selection of economic traits in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhanerke Akhatayeva
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Panfeng Fei
- College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cui Mao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Fugui Jiang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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12
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Zhang W, Zhang S, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Lipoblastoma in one adult and 35 pediatric patients: Retrospective analysis of 36 cases. Exp Ther Med 2022; 25:11. [PMID: 36561624 PMCID: PMC9748941 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoblastoma is a rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm that typically occurs at various sites in infants and children but may also occur in adults. Thus, differential diagnoses are often performed. To understand this tumor type, the present study described clinicopathological features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of different morphological lipoblastomas. A single-institution retrospective review of 36 lipoblastoma cases diagnosed between 2015 and 2021 was performed. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue was used for S-100, CD34, P16 and desmin immunohistochemistry analysis, along with rapid fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detection with pleiomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1). The 36 cases included 14 females and 22 males [age range, 7 days to 33 years (median, 16.5 years); 28 patients were aged ≤3 years] and the tumors were located in the trunk (n=16), limbs (n=12), head and neck (n=6), and perineum (n=2). Histologically, lipoblastomas were divided into classic (n=15), lipoma-like (n=13) and myxoid (n=8) subtypes. They comprised lobules of mature adipose tissue of varying size and a fine capillary network surrounded by mucinous stroma. Single- or multivesicular lipoblasts positive for S-100 (29/36, 81%) were observed, with occasional mature adipocytes. Peripheral vessels and cytoplasm of primitive mesenchymal cells were diffusely positive for CD34 (36/36, 100%), whereas primitive mesenchymal cells and striated muscle tissue were positive for desmin (26/36, 72%). Most tumor cells were negative while only few were positive for P16 (8/36, 22%). FISH revealed PLAG1 breakage and rearrangement in 24/32 (75%) patients. In total, 28 patients were followed up post-operatively (range, 2-84 months; median, 41 months; 3 patients relapsed and 8 were lost to follow-up). In conclusion, diagnosis of a typical lipoblastoma is not difficult and PLAG1 breakage detection is key for the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Shuwan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Zixin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Zhe Wang, Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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13
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Matsumiya-Matsumoto Y, Morita Y, Uzawa N. Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Salivary Glands and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144210. [PMID: 35887973 PMCID: PMC9324325 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is a localized tumor that presents pleomorphic or mixed characteristics of epithelial origin and is interwoven with mucoid tissue, myxoid tissue, and chondroid masses. The literature reported that PA most often occurs in adults aged 30–60 years and is a female predilection; the exact etiology remains unclear. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the transdifferentiation of stationary epithelial cells primarily activated by a core set of transcription factors (EMT-TFs) involved in DNA repair and offers advantages under various stress conditions. Data have suggested that EMTs represent the basic principle of tissue heterogeneity in PAs, demonstrating the potential of adult epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into mesenchymal cells. It has also been reported that multiple TFs, such as TWIST and SLUG, are involved in EMT in PA and that SLUG could play an essential role in the transition from myoepithelial to mesenchymal cells. Given this background, this review aims to summarize and clarify the involvement of EMT in the development of PA, chondrocyte differentiation, and malignant transformation to contribute to the fundamental elucidation of the mechanisms underlying EMT.
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14
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Santisukwongchote S, Thorner PS, Desudchit T, Techavichit P, Jittapiromsak N, Amornfa J, Shuangshoti S, Shuangshoti S, Teerapakpinyo C. Pediatric fibromyxoid tumor with PLAG1 fusion: An emerging entity with a novel intracranial location. Neuropathology 2022; 42:315-322. [PMID: 35723650 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Translocations involving PLAG1 occur in several tumors, most commonly pleomorphic adenoma and lipoblastoma. Recently, a distinctive soft tissue tumor with a PLAG1 fusion has been reported in the pediatric age group. These are low grade tumors with a fibroblastic or mixed fibroblastic and myxoid morphology but no other lines of differentiation. They are typically immunopositive for desmin and CD34. The partner genes for these tumors have included YWHAZ, EEF1A1, ZFHX4l, CHCHD7, and PCMTD1. We report another case of this fibromyxoid tumor with a PLAG1 fusion, this time with COL3A1 as the partner gene. The fusion placed expression of a full-length PLAG1 protein under the control of the constitutively active COL3A1 promoter. Overexpression of PLAG1 was confirmed by diffusely positive immunostaining for PLAG1. The most novel aspect of this tumor is the intracranial location. Opinion has been divided over whether these tumors are a specific entity, or related to lipoblastoma, since that tumor also typically occurs in soft tissue in the pediatric age group and shows many of the same gene fusions. However, lipoblastoma has never been reported in an intracranial location and, thus, our case provides compelling evidence that this fibromyxoid tumor is indeed a distinct entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakun Santisukwongchote
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and The King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paul Scott Thorner
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and The King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tayard Desudchit
- Integrative and Innovative Hematology/Oncology Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piti Techavichit
- Integrative and Innovative Hematology/Oncology Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nutchawan Jittapiromsak
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and The King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Amornfa
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and The King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somruetai Shuangshoti
- Institute of Pathology, Dept of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shanop Shuangshoti
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and The King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.,Chulalongkorn GenePRO Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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15
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Kim H, Lee SB, Myung JK, Park JH, Park E, Il Kim D, Lee C, Kim Y, Park CM, Kim MB, Lim GC, Jang B. SLUG is a key regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pleomorphic adenoma. J Transl Med 2022; 102:631-640. [PMID: 35145202 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The histogenesis of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) of the salivary glands remains controversial. PAs are characterized by the transition of epithelial cells to spindled mesenchymal cells, known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The present study aimed to identify a major EMT-inducing transcription factor (EMT-TF) in PAs. Real-time PCR analysis of SNAIL, SLUG, ZEB1, and TWIST1 demonstrated that only SLUG was significantly upregulated in normal salivary glands and PAs. Combined in situ hybridization for SLUG and multiplex immunohistochemistry for CK19 and P63 revealed that SLUG was specifically expressed in the myoepithelial cells of normal salivary glands. In PAs, SLUG was expressed in neoplastic myoepithelial cells and stromal cells but not in the luminal cells lining the inner layers of tumor glands. SLUG expression showed no correlation with PLAG1 expression, and in vitro experiments demonstrated that PLAG1 suppression in primary cultured PA cells or PLAG1 overexpression in HEK 293 T cells did not affect SLUG levels, indicating that PLAG1 was not involved in the upregulation of SLUG in PAs. The suppression of SLUG expression in cultured PA cells resulted in a morphology change to a less elongated shape and attenuated tumor growth. In addition, SLUG downregulation led to increased E-cadherin and decreased N-cadherin and vimentin expression levels along with decreased migratory activity in cultured PA cells. These findings suggest that SLUG is a major TF that can induce EMT in PAs. In summary, SLUG is specifically and highly expressed in the myoepithelial cells and stromal cells of PAs and is a key regulator of EMT in PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Seung Bum Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Myung
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Park
- Department of Pathology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunsun Park
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Dong Il Kim
- Department of Pathology, Green Cross Laboratories, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Cheol Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul-Min Park
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Min Bum Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Gil Chai Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bogun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea.
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16
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Chen J, Zhou C, Liu Y. Establishing a cancer driver gene signature-based risk model for predicting the prognoses of gastric cancer patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:2383-2399. [PMID: 35288483 PMCID: PMC8954960 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of gastric cancer (GC), molecular biomarkers that can reliably detect GC are yet to be discovered. The present study aimed to establish a robust gene signature based on cancer driver genes (CDGs) that can predict GC prognosis. Transcriptional profiles and clinical data from GC patients were analyzed using univariate Cox regression analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection (LASSO)-penalized Cox regression analysis to select optimal prognosis-related genes for modeling. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan-Meier analyses were done to assess the predictive power of this gene signature. A nomogram model for prediction of survival of GC patients was established using the CDG signature and clinical information, and a seven-CDG signature was identified. Risk scores were calculated using this signature, and patients were subsequently divided into high- and low-risk groups; high-risk patients in the training and validation datasets had poorer prognoses than low-risk patients. Cox regression analysis revealed that the CDG signature is an independent prognostic factor for GC. The signature and other clinical features were used to construct a nomogram for predicting overall GC patient survival. Calibration and decision curve analysis showed that the nomogram accurately predicted survival, highlighting its clinical utility. Thus, we established a novel CDG signature and nomogram for predicting GC prognosis, which may facilitate personalized treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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17
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Braz CU, Rowan TN, Schnabel RD, Decker JE. Genome-wide association analyses identify genotype-by-environment interactions of growth traits in Simmental cattle. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13335. [PMID: 34172761 PMCID: PMC8233360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding genotype-by-environment interactions (G × E) is crucial to understand environmental adaptation in mammals and improve the sustainability of agricultural production. Here, we present an extensive study investigating the interaction of genome-wide SNP markers with a vast assortment of environmental variables and searching for SNPs controlling phenotypic variance (vQTL) using a large beef cattle dataset. We showed that G × E contribute 10.1%, 3.8%, and 2.8% of the phenotypic variance of birth weight, weaning weight, and yearling weight, respectively. G × E genome-wide association analysis (GWAA) detected a large number of G × E loci affecting growth traits, which the traditional GWAA did not detect, showing that functional loci may have non-additive genetic effects regardless of differences in genotypic means. Further, variance-heterogeneity GWAA detected loci enriched with G × E effects without requiring prior knowledge of the interacting environmental factors. Functional annotation and pathway analysis of G × E genes revealed biological mechanisms by which cattle respond to changes in their environment, such as neurotransmitter activity, hypoxia-induced processes, keratinization, hormone, thermogenic and immune pathways. We unraveled the relevance and complexity of the genetic basis of G × E underlying growth traits, providing new insights into how different environmental conditions interact with specific genes influencing adaptation and productivity in beef cattle and potentially across mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila U Braz
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Troy N Rowan
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Robert D Schnabel
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jared E Decker
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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18
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Barca I, Mignogna C, Donato G, Cristofaro MG. Expression of PLAG1, HMGA1 and HMGA2 in minor salivary glands tumours. Gland Surg 2021; 10:1609-1617. [PMID: 34164305 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Diagnosis of minor salivary gland (MSG) tumours is often difficult, due to the scarce tissue obtained from bioptic excision and complex histopathological differential diagnosis. In our study we performed an immunohistochemical analysis of PLAG1, HMGA1 and HMGA2 on a series of MSG tumours, in order to develop a new helpful diagnostic panel. Methods A retrospective series of 17 surgical specimens of MSG tumours were analysed for the expression of PLAG1, HMGA1 and HMGA2. Three control cases were enrolled and analysed. An intensity and percentage-based approach was performed, creating a combined score panel. Results PLAG1 facilitate the diagnosis of benign tumours, discriminating it from malignant histotypes, with a defined cut-off value. Similarly, HMGA1 is significantly higher in benign histotypes than in malignant ones. HMGA2 in our series, did not reveal any association in identifying benign from malignant histotypes. Conclusions In this study we assessed the diagnostic role of PLAG1, HMGA1 and HMGA2 immunohistochemical analysis. The score panel facilitate histopathological diagnosis of these rare tumours, helping to distinguish benign tumours from malignant ones and ameliorating the differential diagnosis of specific histotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Barca
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Chiara Mignogna
- Department of Health Science, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Donato
- Department of Health Science, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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19
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Panagopoulos I, Heim S. Interstitial Deletions Generating Fusion Genes. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:167-196. [PMID: 33893073 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A fusion gene is the physical juxtaposition of two different genes resulting in a structure consisting of the head of one gene and the tail of the other. Gene fusion is often a primary neoplasia-inducing event in leukemias, lymphomas, solid malignancies as well as benign tumors. Knowledge about fusion genes is crucial not only for our understanding of tumorigenesis, but also for the diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of cancer. Balanced chromosomal rearrangements, in particular translocations and inversions, are the most frequent genetic events leading to the generation of fusion genes. In the present review, we summarize the existing knowledge on chromosome deletions as a mechanism for fusion gene formation. Such deletions are mostly submicroscopic and, hence, not detected by cytogenetic analyses but by array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) and/or high throughput sequencing (HTS). They are found across the genome in a variety of neoplasias. As tumors are increasingly analyzed using aCGH and HTS, it is likely that more interstitial deletions giving rise to fusion genes will be found, significantly impacting our understanding and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Panagopoulos
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;
| | - Sverre Heim
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Chung CT, Antonescu CR, Dickson BC, Chami R, Marrano P, Fan R, Shago M, Hameed M, Thorner PS. Pediatric fibromyxoid soft tissue tumor with PLAG1 fusion: A novel entity? Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2021; 60:263-271. [PMID: 33300192 PMCID: PMC8358975 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The classification of undifferentiated soft tissue tumors continues to evolve with the expanded application of molecular analysis in clinical practice. We report three cases of a unique soft tissue tumor in young children (5 months to 2 years old) displaying a purely fibromyxoid histology, with positive staining for desmin and CD34. In two cases, RNA sequencing detected a YWHAZ-PLAG1 gene fusion, while in the third case, a previously unreported EEF1A1-PLAG1 fusion was identified. PLAG1 fusions have been reported in several pathologic entities including pleomorphic adenoma, myoepithelial tumors of skin and soft tissue, and lipoblastoma, the latter occurring preferentially in young children. In these tumors, expression of a full length PLAG1 protein comes under the control of the constitutively active promoter of the partner gene in the fusion, and the current cases conform to that model. Overexpression of PLAG1 was confirmed by diffusely positive immunostaining for PLAG1 in all three cases. Our findings raise the possibility of a novel fibromyxoid neoplasm in childhood associated with these rare PLAG1 fusion variants. The only other report of a PLAG1-YWHAZ fusion occurred in a pediatric tumor diagnosed as a "fibroblastic lipoblastoma." This finding raises the possibility of a relationship with our three cases, even though our cases lacked any fat component. Further studies with regard to a shared pathogenesis are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine T. Chung
- Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Brendan C. Dickson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rose Chami
- Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paula Marrano
- Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rong Fan
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mary Shago
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Genome Diagnostics, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Meera Hameed
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Paul S. Thorner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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21
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Molecular Pathology of Salivary Gland Neoplasms: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Perspective. Adv Anat Pathol 2021; 28:81-93. [PMID: 33405400 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Salivary gland neoplasms are an uncommon and widely heterogeneous group of tumors. In recent years, there has been considerable progress in efforts to reveal the molecular landscape of these tumors, although it is still limited and appears to be only the tip of the iceberg. Genomic aberrations, especially specific chromosomal rearrangements including CRTC1-MAML2 and CRTC3-MAML2 in mucoepidermoid carcinoma, MYB-NFIB and MYBL1-NFIB fusions in adenoid cystic carcinoma, PLAG1 and HMGA2 alterations in pleomorphic adenoma and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, ETV6-NTRK3 and ETV6-RET in secretory carcinoma, EWSR1-ATF1 and EWSR1-CREM in clear cell carcinoma, provide new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of various salivary gland neoplasms and help to better classify them. These genetic aberrations primarily serve as diagnostic tools in salivary gland tumor diagnosis; however, some also have promise as prognostic or predictive biomarkers. This review summarizes the latest developments in molecular pathology of salivary gland tumors with a focus on distinctive molecular characteristics.
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22
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Hu W, Zheng S, Guo H, Dai B, Ni J, Shi Y, Bian H, Li L, Shen Y, Wu M, Tian Z, Liu G, Hossain MA, Yang H, Wang D, Zhang Q, Yu J, Birnbaumer L, Feng J, Yu D, Yang Y. PLAGL2-EGFR-HIF-1/2α Signaling Loop Promotes HCC Progression and Erlotinib Insensitivity. Hepatology 2021; 73:674-691. [PMID: 32335942 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, hence a major public health threat. Pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 (PLAGL2) has been reported to play a role in tumorigenesis. However, its precise function in HCC remains poorly understood. APPROACH AND RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that PLAGL2 was up-regulated in HCC compared with that of adjacent nontumorous tissues and also correlated with overall survival times. We further showed that PLAGL2 promoted HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. PLAGL2 expression was positively correlated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression. Mechanistically, this study demonstrated that PLAGL2 functions as a transcriptional regulator of EGFR and promotes HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through the EGFR-AKT pathway. Moreover, hypoxia was found to significantly induce high expression of PLAGL2, which promoted hypoxia inducible factor 1/2 alpha subunit (HIF1/2A) expression through EGFR. Therefore, this study demonstrated that a PLAGL2-EGFR-HIF1/2A signaling loop promotes HCC progression. More importantly, PLAGL2 expression reduced hepatoma cells' response to the anti-EGFR drug erlotinib. PLAGL2 knockdown enhanced the response to erlotinib. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the pivotal role of PLAGL2 in HCC cell proliferation, metastasis, and erlotinib insensitivity. This suggests that PLAGL2 can be a potential therapeutic target of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Hu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shufang Zheng
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Haixin Guo
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Beiying Dai
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiaping Ni
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yaohong Shi
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hanrui Bian
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lanxin Li
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yumeng Shen
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mo Wu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhoutong Tian
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Guilai Liu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Md Amir Hossain
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hongbao Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Duowei Wang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of ChemotherapyJiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of ChemotherapyJiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Institute of Biomedical ResearchCatholic University of ArgentinaBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Department of ChemotherapyJiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Decai Yu
- Department of general SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yong Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
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23
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Chiang S. Recent advances in smooth muscle tumors with PGR and PLAG1 gene fusions and myofibroblastic uterine neoplasms. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2020; 60:138-146. [PMID: 33230916 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine epithelioid and myxoid leiomyosarcomas and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors are rare mesenchymal neoplasms. Next-generation sequencing recently detected novel PGR fusions in uterine epithelioid leiomyosarcomas that demonstrate characteristic rhabdoid and spindled morphology. PLAG1 gene fusions have also been identified in a subset of myxoid leiomyosarcomas and are associated with PLAG1 overexpression. ALK rearrangements underpin the vast majority of uterine inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, which demonstrate morphologic, and immunohistochemical features similar to those of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors elsewhere. This review summarizes the morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular genetic features of PGR fusion-positive epithelioid leiomyosarcoma, PLAG1 fusion-positive myxoid leiomyosarcoma, and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Chiang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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24
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Panagopoulos I, Gorunova L, Andersen K, Lund-Iversen M, Lobmaier I, Micci F, Heim S. NDRG1-PLAG1 and TRPS1-PLAG1 Fusion Genes in Chondroid Syringoma. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 17:237-248. [PMID: 32345665 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Chondroid syringoma is a rare benign tumor emanating from sweat glands. Although rearrangements of the pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) have been reported in such tumors, information on PLAG1 fusion genes is very limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization, RNA sequencing, array comparative genomic hybridization, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Sanger sequencing analyses were performed on two chondroid syringoma cases. RESULTS Both tumors had structural rearrangements of chromosome 8. An NDRG1-PLAG1 transcript was found in the first tumor in which exon 3 of PLAG1 was fused with exon 1 of NDRG1. A TRPS1-PLAG1 chimeric transcript was detected in the second chondroid syringoma in which exon 2 or exon 3 of PLAG1 was fused with exon 1 of TRPS1. CONCLUSION The NDRG1-PLAG1 and TRPS1-PLAG1 resemble other PLAG1 fusion genes inasmuch as the expression of PLAG1 comes under the control of the NDRG1 or TRPS1 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Panagopoulos
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludmila Gorunova
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Andersen
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marius Lund-Iversen
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Lobmaier
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesca Micci
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Heim
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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25
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Silva R, Espigolan R, Berton M, Stafuzza N, Santos F, Negreiros M, Schuchmann R, Rodriguez J, Lôbo R, Banchero G, Pereira A, Bergmann J, Baldi F. Genetic parameters and genomic regions associated with calving ease in primiparous Nellore heifers. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Mas A, Simón C. Molecular differential diagnosis of uterine leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:1115-1123. [PMID: 30184111 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas (LM) and leiomyosarcomas (LMS) are considered biologically unrelated tumors due to their cytogenetic and molecular disparity. Yet, these tumors share morphological and molecular characteristics that cannot be differentiated through current clinical diagnostic tests, and thus cannot be definitively classified as benign or malignant until surgery. Newer approaches are needed for the identification of these tumors, as has been done for other tissues. The application of next generation sequencing enables the detection of new mutations that, when coupled to machine learning bioinformatic tools, advances our understanding of chromosomal instability. These approaches in the context of LM and LMS could allow the discovery of genetic variants and possible genomic markers. Additionally, the potential clinical utility of circulating cell-free tumor DNA could revolutionize the noninvasive detection and monitoring of these tumors. Here, we seek to provide a perspective on the molecular background of LM and LMS, recognizing their distinct molecular features that may lead to improved diagnosis and personalized treatments, which would have a measurable impact on women's reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymara Mas
- Reproductive Medicine Research Group, La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Igenomix Foundation/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Simón
- Igenomix Foundation/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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27
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Kawaguchi F, Tsuchimura M, Oyama K, Matsuhashi T, Maruyama S, Mannen H, Sasazaki S. Effect of DNA markers on the fertility traits of Japanese Black cattle for improving beef quantity and quality. Arch Anim Breed 2020; 63:9-17. [PMID: 32166108 PMCID: PMC7053510 DOI: 10.5194/aab-63-9-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcass traits have been efficiently improved by recent selection using DNA
markers in beef cattle. Additionally, DNA markers might have an effect on other
traits such as fertility traits; therefore attention should also be paid
to such pleiotropic effects. However, the effects of the markers on both
carcass and fertility traits have never been evaluated in the same
population, since they are generally measured in different populations. The
objective in the current study was to discuss effectiveness of DNA markers
developed for carcass traits through investigation of their effects on
carcass and fertility traits in a population. We genotyped six markers SCD
V293A, FASN g.841G>C, PLAG1 g.49066C>G, NCAPG I442M, DGAT1 K232A, and
EDG1 g.1471620G>T in a Japanese Black cattle population (n=515). To
investigate their effects on carcass and fertility traits, we performed
statistical analysis (ANOVA and the Tukey–Kramer honestly significant difference (HSD) test). In the results,
three of six markers, SCD V293A, NCAPG I442M, and EGD1 g.1471620G>T, were
significantly associated with both carcass and fertility traits.
Remarkably, the same allele for each marker had positive effects on both
traits, suggesting that we would be able to simultaneously improve them
using these markers in this population. However, previous studies reported
that the effects of DNA markers could differ among populations. Therefore,
it is necessary to confirm the effect of the marker in each population
before it is used for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuki Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Miyako Tsuchimura
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Oyama
- Food Resources Education & Research Center, Kobe University, Kasai, 657-2103, Japan
| | - Tamako Matsuhashi
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, 649-6493, Japan.,Gifu Prefectural Livestock Research Institute, Takayama, 506-0101, Japan
| | - Shin Maruyama
- Gifu Prefectural Livestock Research Institute, Takayama, 506-0101, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Mannen
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Sasazaki
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
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28
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Yao HL, Liu M, Wang WJ, Wang XL, Song J, Song QQ, Han J. Construction of miRNA-target networks using microRNA profiles of CVB3-infected HeLa cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17876. [PMID: 31784561 PMCID: PMC6884461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54188-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in regulating gene expression in multiple biological processes and diseases. Thus, to understand changes in miRNA during CVB3 infection, specific miRNA expression profiles were investigated at 3 h, 6 h, and 9 h postinfection in HeLa cells by small-RNA high-throughput sequencing. Biological implications of 68 differentially expressed miRNAs were analyzed through GO and KEGG pathways. Interaction networks between 34 known highly differentially expressed miRNAs and targets were constructed by mirDIP and Navigator. The predicted targets showed that FAM135A, IKZF2, PLAG1, ZNF148, PHC3, LCOR and DYRK1A, which are associated with cellular differentiation and transcriptional regulation, were recognized by 8 miRNAs or 9 miRNAs through interactional regulatory networks. Seven target genes were confirmed by RT-qPCR. The results showed that the expression of DYRK1A, FAM135A, PLAG1, ZNF148, and PHC3 were obviously inhibited at 3 h, 6 h, and 9 h postinfection. The expression of LCOR did not show a significant change, and the expression of IKZF2 increased gradually with prolonged infection time. Our findings improve the understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of CVB3 infection on cellular differentiation and development through miRNA regulation, which has implications for interventional approaches to CVB3-infection therapy. Our results also provide a new method for screening target genes of microRNA regulation in virus-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Lan Yao
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 2 YaBao Rd, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Mi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Beijing, 102206, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 44 Xiao HongShan, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Wen Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Beijing, 102206, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 44 Xiao HongShan, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Xin Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Beijing, 102206, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 44 Xiao HongShan, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Juan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Beijing, 102206, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 44 Xiao HongShan, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Qin Qin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Beijing, 102206, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 44 Xiao HongShan, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Jun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 44 Xiao HongShan, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
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29
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Zheng Y, Xu L, Hassan M, Zhou X, Zhou Q, Rakheja D, Skapek SX. Bayesian Modeling Identifies PLAG1 as a Key Regulator of Proliferation and Survival in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 18:364-374. [PMID: 31757836 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We recently developed a novel computational algorithm that incorporates Bayesian methodology to identify rhabdomyosarcoma disease genes whose expression level correlates with copy-number variations, and we identified PLAG1 as a candidate oncogenic driver. Although PLAG1 has been shown to contribute to other type of cancers, its role in rhabdomyosarcoma has not been elucidated. We observed that PLAG1 mRNA is highly expressed in rhabdomyosarcoma and is associated with PLAG1 gene copy-number gain. Knockdown of PLAG1 dramatically decreased cell accumulation and induced apoptosis in rhabdomyosarcoma cells, whereas its ectopic expression increased cell accumulation in vitro and as a xenograft and promoted G1 to S-phase cell-cycle progression. We found that PLAG1 regulates IGF2 expression and influences AKT and MAPK pathways in rhabdomyosarcoma, and IGF2 partially rescues cell death triggered by PLAG1 knockdown. The expression level of PLAG1 correlated with the IC50 of rhabdomyosarcoma cells to BMS754807, an IGF receptor inhibitor. IMPLICATIONS: Our data demonstrate that PLAG1 contributes to proliferation and survival of rhabdomyosarcoma cells at least partially by inducing IGF2, and this new understanding may have the potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. .,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Population & Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Mohammed Hassan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Qinbo Zhou
- Department of Population & Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Stephen X Skapek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. .,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Health Children's Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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30
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Suleman M, Chen A, Ma H, Wen S, Zhao W, Lin D, Wu G, Li Q. PIR promotes tumorigenesis of breast cancer by upregulating cell cycle activator E2F1. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2914-2927. [PMID: 31500513 PMCID: PMC6791709 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1662259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pirin (PIR) protein belongs to the superfamily of cupin and is highly conserved between eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It has been reported that PIR is upregulated in various tumors and involved in tumorigenesis. However, its biological functions particularly in promoting tumorigenesis are, to date, poorly characterized. Here we report that knockdown of PIR in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines causes a dramatic decrease in cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth in mice. Mechanistically, the cell cycle activator E2F1 and its target genes cdk4, cdk6, cycE, cycD and DDR1 are remarkably downregulated in PIR depleted cells, leading to G1/S phase arrest. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay indicate that PIR can activate E2F1 transcription by binding to its promoter region. Consistent with the observation in PIR knockdown cells, PIR inhibitors markedly inhibit the proliferation of both cell lines. Furthermore, knockdown of PIR significantly decreases the abilities of MCF7 cells for mobility and invasion in vitro and their metastasis in mice, which may be attributed to the decrease of DDR1. In conclusion, PIR stimulates tumorigenesis and progression by activating E2F1 and its target genes. Our finding thus suggests PIR as a potential druggable target for the therapy of cancers with high expression level of PIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suleman
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Ai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Huanhuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shixiong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wentao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Donghai Lin
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Guode Wu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qinxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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31
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Juma AR, Hall NE, Wong J, Gasperoni JG, Watanabe Y, Sahota A, Damdimopoulou PE, Grommen SVH, De Groef B. PLAG1 expression and target genes in the hypothalamo-pituitary system in male mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 478:77-83. [PMID: 30048678 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Knockout of pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) in mice results in reduced fertility. To investigate whether PLAG1 is involved in reproductive control by the hypothalamo-pituitary system in males, we determined PLAG1 expression sites and compared gene expression between hypothalami and pituitary glands from Plag1 knockout and wildtype animals. Abundant expression of PLAG1 was detected throughout the pituitary gland, including gonadotropes and somatotropes. The hypothalamus also contained a large number of PLAG1-expressing cells. PLAG1 was expressed in some gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons, but not in kisspeptin neurons. Gene ontology analysis indicated upregulation of cell proliferation in both structures, and of cholesterol biosynthesis in the hypothalamus, but functional confirmation is required. Expression levels of pituitary gonadotropins and gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor, and of brain gonadotropin-releasing hormone and kisspeptin mRNA were unaffected in knockout mice. We conclude that PLAG1 deficiency does not have a major impact on the reproductive control by the hypothalamo-pituitary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almas R Juma
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Nathan E Hall
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics and La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Joanne Wong
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Jemma G Gasperoni
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Yugo Watanabe
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Akashdeep Sahota
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Pauliina E Damdimopoulou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, 14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sylvia V H Grommen
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Bert De Groef
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
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32
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Asahina M, Saito T, Hayashi T, Fukumura Y, Mitani K, Yao T. Clinicopathological effect of PLAG1 fusion genes in pleomorphic adenoma and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma with special emphasis on histological features. Histopathology 2018; 74:514-525. [PMID: 30307055 DOI: 10.1111/his.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) rearrangement is well known in pleomorphic adenoma (PA), which is histologically characterised by admixed epithelial and mesenchymal components. Multiple fusion variants of PLAG1 and HMGA2 have been reported; currently, however, little is known regarding the clinicopathological impacts of these fusion types METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the PLAG1- and HMGA2-related fusion status in 105 PAs and 11 cases of carcinoma ex PAs (CXPA) arising from salivary glands and lacrimal glands to elucidate their correlation to the clinicopathological factors. Forty cases harboured PLAG1 fusion genes: CTNNB1-PLAG1 in 22 cases, CHCHD7-PLAG1 in 14 cases and LIFR-PLAG1 in four cases. Only two cases possessed HMGA2 fusion genes. The mean age of LIFR-PLAG1-positive cases was significantly higher than that of CTNNB1-PLAG1- and CHCHD7-PLAG1-positive cases (P = 0.0358). PAs located in the submandibular gland demonstrated CTNNB1-PLAG1 fusion at a significantly higher rate than other fusions (P = 0.0109). Histologically, PLAG1 fusion-positive cases exhibited chondroid formation and plasmacytoid features more commonly (P = 0.043, P = 0.015, respectively) and myxoid abundant feature less frequently (P = 0.031) than PLAG1 fusion-negative cases. For CXPAs, four CTNNB1-PLAG1 fusions were detected in two salivary duct carcinomas and two myoepithelial carcinomas. Ductal formation was observed frequently (90.9%) in residual PA. CONCLUSIONS The presence of PLAG1 fusion was associated with specific histological features in PA. Detecting the PLAG1 fusion gene and searching residual ductal formation in salivary gland malignant tumours with extensive hyalinisation could be useful for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Asahina
- Department of Human Pathology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Human Pathology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuo Hayashi
- Department of Human Pathology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Fukumura
- Department of Human Pathology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Mitani
- Department of Human Pathology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yao
- Department of Human Pathology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Adnani L, Dixit R, Chen X, Balakrishnan A, Modi H, Touahri Y, Logan C, Schuurmans C. Plag1 and Plagl2 have overlapping and distinct functions in telencephalic development. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.038661. [PMID: 30361413 PMCID: PMC6262857 DOI: 10.1242/bio.038661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Plag gene family has three members; Plagl1/Zac1, which is a tumor suppressor gene, and Plag1 and Plagl2, which are proto-oncogenes. All three genes are known to be expressed in embryonic neural progenitors, and Zac1 regulates proliferation, neuronal differentiation and migration in the developing neocortex. Here we examined the functions of Plag1 and Plagl2 in neocortical development. We first attempted, and were unable to generate, E12.5 Plag1;Plagl2 double mutants, indicating that at least one Plag1 or Plagl2 gene copy is required for embryonic survival. We therefore focused on single mutants, revealing a telencephalic patterning defect in E12.5 Plagl2 mutants and a proliferation/differentiation defect in Plag1 mutant neocortices. Specifically, the ventral pallium, a dorsal telencephalic territory, expands into the ventral telencephalon in Plagl2 mutants. In contrast, Plag1 mutants develop normal regional territories, but neocortical progenitors proliferate less and instead produce more neurons. Finally, in gain-of-function studies, both Plag1 and Plagl2 reduce neurogenesis and increase BrdU-uptake, indicative of enhanced proliferation, but while Plagl2 effects on proliferation are more immediate, Plag1 effects are delayed. Taken together, we found that the Plag proto-oncogenes genes are essential regulators of neocortical development and although Plag1 and Plagl2 functions are similar, they do not entirely overlap. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Adnani
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, Room S1-16A, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Rajiv Dixit
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, Room S1-16A, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Anjali Balakrishnan
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, Room S1-16A, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Harshil Modi
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, Room S1-16A, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5
| | - Yacine Touahri
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, Room S1-16A, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5
| | - Cairine Logan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Carol Schuurmans
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, Room S1-16A, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5 .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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34
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Chen KS, Stroup EK, Budhipramono A, Rakheja D, Nichols-Vinueza D, Xu L, Stuart SH, Shukla AA, Fraire C, Mendell JT, Amatruda JF. Mutations in microRNA processing genes in Wilms tumors derepress the IGF2 regulator PLAG1. Genes Dev 2018; 32:996-1007. [PMID: 30026293 PMCID: PMC6075147 DOI: 10.1101/gad.313783.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many childhood Wilms tumors are driven by mutations in the microRNA biogenesis machinery, but the mechanism by which these mutations drive tumorigenesis is unknown. Here we show that the transcription factor pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) is a microRNA target gene that is overexpressed in Wilms tumors with mutations in microRNA processing genes. Wilms tumors can also overexpress PLAG1 through copy number alterations, and PLAG1 expression correlates with prognosis in Wilms tumors. PLAG1 overexpression accelerates growth of Wilms tumor cells in vitro and induces neoplastic growth in the developing mouse kidney in vivo. In both settings, PLAG1 transactivates insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), a key Wilms tumor oncogene, and drives mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. These data link microRNA impairment to the PLAG1-IGF2 pathway, providing new insight into the manner in which common Wilms tumor mutations drive disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Margaret Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Health, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Emily K Stroup
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Albert Budhipramono
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Diana Nichols-Vinueza
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75290, USA
| | - Sarai H Stuart
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Abhay A Shukla
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Claudette Fraire
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Joshua T Mendell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - James F Amatruda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Margaret Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Health, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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35
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Sun YP, Lu F, Han XY, Ji M, Zhou Y, Zhang AM, Wang HC, Ma DX, Ji CY. MiR-424 and miR-27a increase TRAIL sensitivity of acute myeloid leukemia by targeting PLAG1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:25276-90. [PMID: 27013583 PMCID: PMC5041903 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although microRNAs have been elaborated to participate in various physiological and pathological processes, their functions in TRAIL resistance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain obscure. In this study, we detected relatively lower expression levels of miR-424&27a in TRAIL-resistant and semi-resistant AML cell lines as well as newly diagnosed patient samples. Overexpression of miR-424&27a, by targeting the 3′UTR of PLAG1, enhanced TRAIL sensitivity in AML cells. Correspondingly, knockdown of PLAG1 sensitized AML cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and proliferation inhibition. We further found that PLAG1 as a transcription factor could reinforce Bcl2 promoter activity, causing its upregulation at the mRNA level. Both downregulated PLAG1 and elevated expression of miR-424&27a led to Bcl2 downregulation and augmented cleavage of Caspase8, Caspase3 and PARP in the presence of TRAIL. Restoration of Bcl2 could eliminate their effects on AML TRAIL sensitization. Overall, we propose that miR-424&27a and/or PLAG1 might serve as novel therapeutic targets in AML TRAIL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Sun
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Fei Lu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Han
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Min Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - A-Min Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hong-Chun Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dao-Xin Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Chun-Yan Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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36
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Varrault A, Dantec C, Le Digarcher A, Chotard L, Bilanges B, Parrinello H, Dubois E, Rialle S, Severac D, Bouschet T, Journot L. Identification of Plagl1/Zac1 binding sites and target genes establishes its role in the regulation of extracellular matrix genes and the imprinted gene network. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:10466-10480. [PMID: 28985358 PMCID: PMC5737700 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PLAGL1/ZAC1 undergoes parental genomic imprinting, is paternally expressed, and is a member of the imprinted gene network (IGN). It encodes a zinc finger transcription factor with anti-proliferative activity and is a candidate tumor suppressor gene on 6q24 whose expression is frequently lost in various neoplasms. Conversely, gain of PLAGL1 function is responsible for transient neonatal diabetes mellitus, a rare genetic disease that results from defective pancreas development. In the present work, we showed that Plagl1 up-regulation was not associated with DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest. It was rather associated with physiological cell cycle exit that occurred with contact inhibition, growth factor withdrawal, or cell differentiation. To gain insights into Plagl1 mechanism of action, we identified Plagl1 target genes by combining chromatin immunoprecipitation and genome-wide transcriptomics in transfected cell lines. Plagl1-elicited gene regulation correlated with multiple binding to the proximal promoter region through a GC-rich motif. Plagl1 target genes included numerous genes involved in signaling, cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix composition, including collagens. Plagl1 targets also included 22% of the 409 genes that make up the IGN. Altogether, this work identified Plagl1 as a transcription factor that coordinated the regulation of a subset of IGN genes and controlled extracellular matrix composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Varrault
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Dantec
- Montpellier GenomiX, MGX, BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Le Digarcher
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Laëtitia Chotard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Benoit Bilanges
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Hugues Parrinello
- Montpellier GenomiX, MGX, BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Emeric Dubois
- Montpellier GenomiX, MGX, BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Rialle
- Montpellier GenomiX, MGX, BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Dany Severac
- Montpellier GenomiX, MGX, BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Tristan Bouschet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Journot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- Montpellier GenomiX, MGX, BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
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de Brito BS, Giovanelli N, Egal ES, Sánchez-Romero C, Nascimento JDSD, Martins AS, Tincani ÁJ, Del Negro A, Gondak RDO, Almeida OPD, Kowalski LP, Altemani A, Mariano FV. Loss of expression of Plag1 in malignant transformation from pleomorphic adenoma to carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. Hum Pathol 2016; 57:152-159. [PMID: 27473265 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PLAG1 (pleomorphic adenoma gene 1) is frequently activated in pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) arises in PA, and PLAG1 expression is believed to be maintained from PA to CXPA, as it can contribute to the carcinogenesis process. To evaluate if PLAG1 is a good marker of malignant transformation from PA to CXPA as well as to evaluate if PLAG1 expression is associated with progression and histopathologic subtype of CXPA. Forty PAs, 21 residual PAs (without malignant transformation), and 40 CXPAs were analyzed by immunohistochemistry with PLAG1 antibody. The proportion of positive neoplastic cells was assessed according to a 2-tiered scale: >10% to 50%, and >50% positive cells. The CXPA group was classified according to histopathologic subtype and invasiveness degree. Thirty-seven PAs (92.5%), 15 residual PAs (71%), and 14 CXPAs (35%) were positive for PLAG1. In relation to the CXPA group, among the intracapsular cases, myoepithelial carcinoma and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma showed the highest level of PLAG1 expression. PLAG1 expression is lost when PA undergoes malignant transformation, possibly due to other pathway activation and different clone cells. In addition, PLAG1 expression seems to be present mainly in low-grade carcinomas and in cases with early phase of invasion, due to its regulation of oncogene-induced cell senescence. In CXPA, PLAG1 expression was most associated with myoepithelial differentiation. This way, loss of PLAG1 expression can be considered a hallmark of CXPA carcinogenesis, mainly when there is only epithelial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Samara de Brito
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Natália Giovanelli
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Erika Said Egal
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Celeste Sánchez-Romero
- Oral Pathology Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Souza do Nascimento
- Oral Pathology Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Antonio Santos Martins
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Álfio José Tincani
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - André Del Negro
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | | | - Oslei Paes de Almeida
- Oral Pathology Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP 01509-010, Brazil
| | - Albina Altemani
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Viviane Mariano
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil.
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Magalhães AFB, de Camargo GMF, Fernandes GA, Gordo DGM, Tonussi RL, Costa RB, Espigolan R, Silva RMDO, Bresolin T, de Andrade WBF, Takada L, Feitosa FLB, Baldi F, Carvalheiro R, Chardulo LAL, de Albuquerque LG. Genome-Wide Association Study of Meat Quality Traits in Nellore Cattle. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157845. [PMID: 27359122 PMCID: PMC4928802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify genomic regions that are associated with meat quality traits in the Nellore breed. Nellore steers were finished in feedlots and slaughtered at a commercial slaughterhouse. This analysis included 1,822 phenotypic records of tenderness and 1,873 marbling records. After quality control, 1,630 animals genotyped for tenderness, 1,633 animals genotyped for marbling, and 369,722 SNPs remained. The results are reported as the proportion of variance explained by windows of 150 adjacent SNPs. Only windows with largest effects were considered. The genomic regions were located on chromosomes 5, 15, 16 and 25 for marbling and on chromosomes 5, 7, 10, 14 and 21 for tenderness. These windows explained 3,89% and 3,80% of the additive genetic variance for marbling and tenderness, respectively. The genes associated with the traits are related to growth, muscle development and lipid metabolism. The study of these genes in Nellore cattle is the first step in the identification of causal mutations that will contribute to the genetic evaluation of the breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F. B. Magalhães
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gregório M. F. de Camargo
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerardo A. Fernandes
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel G. M. Gordo
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael L. Tonussi
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raphael B. Costa
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Espigolan
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael M. de O. Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Bresolin
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian B. F. de Andrade
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Takada
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabieli L. B. Feitosa
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Baldi
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Roberto Carvalheiro
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Luis A. L. Chardulo
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucia G. de Albuquerque
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Wang H, Fundakowski C, Khurana JS, Jhala N. Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Salivary Gland Lesions. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2016; 139:1491-7. [PMID: 26619021 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2015-0222-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a well-established diagnostic approach for salivary gland lesions; however, lack of a standard system of terminology for classification of salivary gland neoplasms collected by FNA and the relatively high frequency of uncertainty of diagnosis are likely partly responsible for current confusion in the interpretation of these FNA samples. OBJECTIVE To propose a novel classification system for reporting salivary gland FNA samples and summarize recent progress in application of molecular and immunohistochemical markers in selected salivary gland neoplasms. DATA SOURCES Literature review and authors' personal practice experience. CONCLUSIONS The new classification system provides a more succinct, standardized interpretation of results and will ultimately assist in communication between clinicians, clinical decision making, and preoperative patient counseling. Impressive advances have been made in recent years in the understanding of molecular pathogenesis of salivary gland tumors. With the newly acquired diagnostic tools, significant improvement in diagnostic accuracy of salivary gland FNA can certainly be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- From the Departments of Pathology (Drs Wang, Khurana, and Jhala) and Otolargyngology (Dr Fundakowski), Temple University Hospital, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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40
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Juma AR, Damdimopoulou PE, Grommen SVH, Van de Ven WJM, De Groef B. Emerging role of PLAG1 as a regulator of growth and reproduction. J Endocrinol 2016; 228:R45-56. [PMID: 26577933 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) belongs to the PLAG family of zinc finger transcription factors along with PLAG-like 1 and PLAG-like 2. The PLAG1 gene is best known as an oncogene associated with certain types of cancer, most notably pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary gland. While the mechanisms of PLAG1-induced tumorigenesis are reasonably well understood, the role of PLAG1 in normal physiology is less clear. It is known that PLAG1 is involved in cell proliferation by directly regulating a wide array of target genes, including a number of growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor 2. This is likely to be a central mode of action for PLAG1 both in embryonic development and in cancer. The phenotype of Plag1 knockout mice suggests an important role for PLAG1 also in postnatal growth and reproduction, as PLAG1 deficiency causes growth retardation and reduced fertility. A role for PLAG1 in growth and reproduction is further corroborated by genome-wide association studies in humans and domestic animals in which polymorphisms in the PLAG1 genomic region are associated with body growth and reproductive traits. Here we review the current evidence for PLAG1 as a regulator of growth and fertility and discuss possible endocrine mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almas R Juma
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, AustraliaDepartment of Clinical SciencesIntervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Human GeneticsKU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pauliina E Damdimopoulou
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, AustraliaDepartment of Clinical SciencesIntervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Human GeneticsKU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sylvia V H Grommen
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, AustraliaDepartment of Clinical SciencesIntervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Human GeneticsKU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim J M Van de Ven
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, AustraliaDepartment of Clinical SciencesIntervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Human GeneticsKU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert De Groef
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, AustraliaDepartment of Clinical SciencesIntervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Human GeneticsKU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Integrated data analysis reveals uterine leiomyoma subtypes with distinct driver pathways and biomarkers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:1315-20. [PMID: 26787895 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1518752113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas are common benign smooth muscle tumors that impose a major burden on women's health. Recent sequencing studies have revealed recurrent and mutually exclusive mutations in leiomyomas, suggesting the involvement of molecularly distinct pathways. In this study, we explored transcriptional differences among leiomyomas harboring different genetic drivers, including high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) rearrangements, mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) mutations, biallelic inactivation of fumarate hydratase (FH), and collagen, type IV, alpha 5 and collagen, type IV, alpha 6 (COL4A5-COL4A6) deletions. We also explored the transcriptional consequences of 7q22, 22q, and 1p deletions, aiming to identify possible target genes. We investigated 94 leiomyomas and 60 corresponding myometrial tissues using exon arrays, whole genome sequencing, and SNP arrays. This integrative approach revealed subtype-specific expression changes in key driver pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, Prolactin, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)1 signaling. Leiomyomas with HMGA2 aberrations displayed highly significant up-regulation of the proto-oncogene pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1), suggesting that HMGA2 promotes tumorigenesis through PLAG1 activation. This was supported by the identification of genetic PLAG1 alterations resulting in expression signatures as seen in leiomyomas with HMGA2 aberrations. RAD51 paralog B (RAD51B), the preferential translocation partner of HMGA2, was up-regulated in MED12 mutant lesions, suggesting a role for this gene in the genesis of leiomyomas. FH-deficient leiomyomas were uniquely characterized by activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) target genes, supporting the hypothesis that accumulation of fumarate leads to activation of the oncogenic transcription factor NRF2. This study emphasizes the need for molecular stratification in leiomyoma research and possibly in clinical practice as well. Further research is needed to determine whether the candidate biomarkers presented herein can provide guidance for managing the millions of patients affected by these lesions.
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Nielsen HM, How-Kit A, Guerin C, Castinetti F, Vollan HKM, De Micco C, Daunay A, Taieb D, Van Loo P, Besse C, Kristensen VN, Hansen LL, Barlier A, Sebag F, Tost J. Copy number variations alter methylation and parallel IGF2 overexpression in adrenal tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:953-67. [PMID: 26400872 PMCID: PMC4621769 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of insulin growth factor 2 (IGF2) is a hallmark of adrenocortical carcinomas and pheochromocytomas. Previous studies investigating the IGF2/H19 locus have mainly focused on a single molecular level such as genomic alterations or altered DNA methylation levels and the causal changes underlying IGF2 overexpression are still not fully established. In the current study, we analyzed 62 tumors of the adrenal gland from patients with Conn's adenoma (CA, n=12), pheochromocytomas (PCC, n=10), adrenocortical benign tumors (ACBT, n=20), and adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC, n=20). Gene expression, somatic copy number variation of chr11p15.5, and DNA methylation status of three differential methylated regions of the IGF2/H19 locus including the H19 imprinting control region were integratively analyzed. IGF2 overexpression was found in 85% of the ACCs and 100% of the PCCs compared to 23% observed in CAs and ACBTs. Copy number aberrations of chr11p15.5 were abundant in both PCCs and ACCs but while PCCs retained a diploid state, ACCs were frequently tetraploid (7/19). Loss of either a single allele or loss of two alleles of the same parental origin in tetraploid samples resulted in a uniparental disomy-like genotype. These copy number changes correlated with hypermethylation of the H19 ICR suggesting that the lost alleles were the unmethylated maternal alleles. Our data provide conclusive evidence that loss of the maternal allele correlates with IGF2 overexpression in adrenal tumors and that hypermethylation of the H19 ICR is a consequence thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Myrtue Nielsen
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty
| | - Alexandre How-Kit
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Carole Guerin
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Frederic Castinetti
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Hans Kristian Moen Vollan
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty
| | - Catherine De Micco
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Antoine Daunay
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - David Taieb
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Peter Van Loo
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty
| | - Celine Besse
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty
| | - Lise Lotte Hansen
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Anne Barlier
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Frederic Sebag
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
| | - Jörg Tost
- Laboratory for Functional GenomicsFondation Jean Dausset - Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, FranceInstitute of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkEndocrine and Metabolic Surgery DepartmentAP-HM La Conception, Marseille, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceDepartment of GeneticsInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, NorwayDivision of SurgeryTransplantation and Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayThe K G Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer ResearchInstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayPathology DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceNuclear Endocrine Imaging and Treatment DepartmentAP-HM La Timone, Marseille, FranceCancer Research UKLondon Research Institute, London, UKDepartment of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumGenotyping FacilitiesCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, FranceDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen)University of Oslo, Ahus, Lokerod, NorwayLaboratory of Molecular BiologyAP-HM La Conception and CRN2M, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, FranceLaboratory for Epigenetics and EnvironmentCentre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France
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Abstract
A recent progress on stature genetics has revealed simple genetic architecture in livestock animals in contrast to that in humans. PLAG1 and/or NCAPG‐LCORL, both of which are known as a locus for adult human height, have been detected for association with body weight/height in cattle and horses, and for selective sweep in dogs and pigs. The findings indicate a significant impact of these loci on mammalian growth or body size and usefulness of the natural variants for selective breeding. However, association with an unfavorable trait, such as late puberty or risk for a neuropathic disease, was also reported for the respective loci, indicating an importance to discriminate between causality and association. Here I review the recent findings on quantitative trait loci (QTL) for stature in livestock animals, mainly focusing on the PLAG1 and NCAPG‐LCORL loci. I also describe our recent efforts to identify the causative variation for the third major locus for carcass weight in Japanese Black cattle.
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Schulten HJ, Al-Mansouri Z, Baghallab I, Bagatian N, Subhi O, Karim S, Al-Aradati H, Al-Mutawa A, Johary A, Meccawy AA, Al-Ghamdi K, Al-Hamour O, Al-Qahtani MH, Al-Maghrabi J. Comparison of microarray expression profiles between follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinomas and follicular adenomas of the thyroid. BMC Genomics 2015; 16 Suppl 1:S7. [PMID: 25923053 PMCID: PMC4315165 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-16-s1-s7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) and follicular adenoma (FA) are histologically closely related tumors and differential diagnosis remains challenging. RNA expression profiling is an established method to unravel molecular mechanisms underlying the histopathology of diseases. Methods BRAF mutational status was established by direct sequencing the hotspot region of exon 15 in six FVPTCs and seven FAs. Whole-transcript arrays were employed to generate expression profiles in six FVPTCs, seven FAs and seven normal thyroid tissue samples. The threshold of significance for differential expression on the gene and exon level was a p-value with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 and a fold change cutoff > 2. Two dimensional average linkage hierarchical clustering was generated using differentially expressed genes. Network, pathway, and alternative splicing utilities were employed to interpret significance of expression data on the gene and exon level. Results Expression profiling in FVPTCs and FAs, all of which were negative for a BRAF mutation, revealed 55 transcripts that were significantly differentially expressed, 40 of which were upregulated and 15 downregulated in FVPTCs vs. FAs. Amongst the most significantly upregulated genes in FVPTCs were GABA B receptor, 2 (GABBR2), neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NRCAM), extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1), heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 2 (HS6ST2), and retinoid X receptor, gamma (RXRG). The most significantly downregulated genes in FVPTCs included interaction protein for cytohesin exchange factors 1 (IPCEF1), G protein-coupled receptor 155 (GPR155), Purkinje cell protein 4 (PCP4), chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 (CSGALNACT1), and glutamate receptor interacting protein 1 (GRIP1). Alternative splicing analysis detected 87 genes, 52 of which were also included in the list of 55 differentially expressed genes. Network analysis demonstrated multiple interactions for a number of differentially expressed molecules including vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor (VDR), SMAD family member 9 (SMAD9), v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KIT), and RXRG. Conclusions This is one of the first studies using whole-transcript expression arrays to compare expression profiles between FVPTCs and FAs. A set of differentially expressed genes has been identified that contains valuable candidate genes to differentiate both histopathologically related tumor types on the molecular level.
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Klemke M, Müller MH, Wosniok W, Markowski DN, Nimzyk R, Helmke BM, Bullerdiek J. Correlated expression of HMGA2 and PLAG1 in thyroid tumors, uterine leiomyomas and experimental models. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88126. [PMID: 24516594 PMCID: PMC3917869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands (PASG) recurrent chromosomal rearrangements affecting either 8q12 or 12q14∼15 lead to an overexpression of the genes of the genuine transcription factor PLAG1 or the architectural transcription factor HMGA2, respectively. Both genes are also affected by recurrent chromosomal rearrangements in benign adipocytic tumors as e. g. lipomas and lipoblastomas. Herein, we observed a strong correlation between the expression of HMGA2 and PLAG1 in 14 benign and 23 malignant thyroid tumors. To address the question if PLAG1 can be activated by HMGA2, the expression of both genes was quantified in 32 uterine leiomyomas 17 of which exhibited an overexpression of HMGA2. All leiomyomas with HMGA2 overexpression also revealed an activation of PLAG1 in the absence of detectable chromosome 8 abnormalities affecting the PLAG1 locus. To further investigate if the overexpression of PLAG1 is inducible by HMGA2 alone, HMGA2 was transiently overexpressed in MCF-7 cells. An increased PLAG1 expression was observed 24 and 48 h after transfection. Likewise, stimulation of HMGA2 by FGF1 in adipose tissue-derived stem cells led to a simultaneous increase of PLAG1 mRNA. Altogether, these data suggest that HMGA2 is an upstream activator of PLAG1. Accordingly, this may explain the formation of tumors as similar as lipomas and lipoblastomas resulting from an activation of either of both genes by chromosomal rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Klemke
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Werner Wosniok
- Institute of Statistics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Rolf Nimzyk
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Jörn Bullerdiek
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Institute for Medical Genetics, University of Rostock, University Medicine, Rostock, Germany
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Stenman G. Fusion oncogenes in salivary gland tumors: molecular and clinical consequences. Head Neck Pathol 2013; 7 Suppl 1:S12-9. [PMID: 23821214 PMCID: PMC3712096 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-013-0462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Salivary gland tumors constitute a heterogeneous group of uncommon diseases that pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. However, the recent discovery of a translocation-generated gene fusion network in salivary gland carcinomas as well in benign salivary gland tumors opens up new avenues for improved diagnosis, prognostication, and development of specific targeted therapies. The gene fusions encode novel fusion oncoproteins or ectopically expressed normal or truncated oncoproteins. The major targets of the translocations are transcriptional coactivators, tyrosine kinase receptors, and transcription factors involved in growth factor signaling and cell cycle regulation. Notably, several of these targets or pathways activated by these targets are druggable. Examples of clinically significant gene fusions in salivary gland cancers are the MYB-NFIB fusion specific for adenoid cystic carcinoma, the CRTC1-MAML2 fusion typical of low/intermediate-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and the recently identified ETV6-NTRK3 fusion in mammary analogue secretory carcinoma. Similarly, gene fusions involving the PLAG1 and HMGA2 oncogenes are specific for benign pleomorphic adenomas. Continued studies of the molecular consequences of these fusion oncoproteins and their down-stream targets will ultimately lead to the identification of novel driver genes in salivary gland neoplasms and will also form the basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies for salivary gland cancers and, perhaps, other neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göran Stenman
- Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Box 425, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Opposing functions of PLAG1 in pleomorphic adenoma: a microarray analysis of PLAG1 transgenic mice. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 35:1377-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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McCaffrey TA, Tziros C, Lewis J, Katz R, Siegel R, Weglicki W, Kramer J, Mak IT, Toma I, Chen L, Benas E, Lowitt A, Rao S, Witkin L, Lian Y, Lai Y, Yang Z, Fu SW. Genomic profiling reveals the potential role of TCL1A and MDR1 deficiency in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Int J Biol Sci 2013; 9:350-60. [PMID: 23630447 PMCID: PMC3638290 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.6058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin (Adriamycin), are highly effective chemotherapeutic agents, but are well known to cause myocardial dysfunction and life-threatening congestive heart failure (CHF) in some patients. METHODS To generate new hypotheses about its etiology, genome-wide transcript analysis was performed on whole blood RNA from women that received doxorubicin-based chemotherapy and either did, or did not develop CHF, as defined by ejection fractions (EF)≤40%. Women with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy unrelated to chemotherapy were compared to breast cancer patients prior to chemo with normal EF to identify heart failure-related transcripts in women not receiving chemotherapy. Byproducts of oxidative stress in plasma were measured in a subset of patients. RESULTS The results indicate that patients treated with doxorubicin showed sustained elevations in oxidative byproducts in plasma. At the RNA level, women who exhibited low EFs after chemotherapy had 260 transcripts that differed >2-fold (p<0.05) compared to women who received chemo but maintained normal EFs. Most of these transcripts (201) were not altered in non-chemotherapy patients with low EFs. Pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicated enrichment in apoptosis-related transcripts. Notably, women with chemo-induced low EFs had a 4.8-fold decrease in T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 1A (TCL1A) transcripts. TCL1A is expressed in both cardiac and skeletal muscle, and is a known co-activator for AKT, one of the major pro-survival factors for cardiomyocytes. Further, women who developed low EFs had a 2-fold lower level of ABCB1 transcript, encoding the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), which is an efflux pump for doxorubicin, potentially leading to higher cardiac levels of drug. In vitro studies confirmed that inhibition of MDR1 by verapamil in rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes increased their susceptibility to doxorubicin-induced toxicity. CONCLUSIONS It is proposed that chemo-induced cardiomyopathy may be due to a reduction in TCL1A levels, thereby causing increased apoptotic sensitivity, and leading to reduced cardiac MDR1 levels, causing higher cardiac levels of doxorubicin and intracellular free radicals. If so, screening for TCL1A and MDR1 SNPs or expression level in blood, might identify women at greatest risk of chemo-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A McCaffrey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
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Hoshiba H, Setoguchi K, Watanabe T, Kinoshita A, Mizoshita K, Sugimoto Y, Takasuga A. Comparison of the effects explained by variations in the bovine PLAG1 and NCAPG genes on daily body weight gain, linear skeletal measurements and carcass traits in Japanese Black steers from a progeny testing program. Anim Sci J 2013; 84:529-34. [PMID: 23607392 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The c.1326T>G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the NCAPG gene, which leads to an amino acid change of Ile442 to Met442, was previously identified as a candidate causative variation for a bovine carcass weight quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosome 6, which was associated with linear skeletal measurement gains and daily body weight gain at puberty. Recently, we identified the stature quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) in the PLAG1-CHCHD7 intergenic region as the causative variations for another carcass weight QTL on chromosome 14. This study aimed to compare the effects of the two QTL on growth and carcass traits using 768 Japanese Black steers from a progeny testing program and to determine whether a genetic interaction was present between them. The FJX_250879 SNP representing the stature QTL was associated with linear skeletal measurements and average daily body weight gain at early and late periods during adolescence. A genetic interaction between FJX_250879 and NCAPG c.1326T>G was detected only for body and rump lengths. Both were associated with increased carcass weight and Longissimus muscle area, and NCAPG c.1326T>G was also associated with reduced subcutaneous fat thickness and increased carcass yield estimate. These results will provide useful information to improve carcass weight in Japanese Black cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hoshiba
- Cattle Breeding Development Institute of Kagoshima Prefecture, Kagoshima
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Hodge JC, Kim TM, Dreyfuss JM, Somasundaram P, Christacos NC, Rousselle M, Quade BJ, Park PJ, Stewart EA, Morton CC. Expression profiling of uterine leiomyomata cytogenetic subgroups reveals distinct signatures in matched myometrium: transcriptional profilingof the t(12;14) and evidence in support of predisposing genetic heterogeneity. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:2312-29. [PMID: 22343407 PMCID: PMC3335314 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomata (UL), the most common neoplasm in reproductive-age women, are classified into distinct genetic subgroups based on recurrent chromosome abnormalities. To develop a molecular signature of UL with t(12;14)(q14-q15;q23-q24), we took advantage of the multiple UL arising as independent clonal lesions within a single uterus. We compared genome-wide expression levels of t(12;14) UL to non-t(12;14) UL from each of nine women in a paired analysis, with each sample weighted for the percentage of t(12;14) cells to adjust for mosaicism with normal cells. This resulted in a transcriptional profile that confirmed HMGA2, known to be overexpressed in t(12;14) UL, as the most significantly altered gene. Pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed significant association with cell proliferation, particularly G1/S checkpoint regulation. This is consistent with the known larger size of t(12;14) UL relative to karyotypically normal UL or to UL in the deletion 7q22 subgroup. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering demonstrated that patient variability is relatively dominant to the distinction of t(12;14) UL compared with non-t(12;14) UL or of t(12;14) UL compared with del(7q) UL. The paired design we employed is therefore important to produce an accurate t(12;14) UL-specific gene list by removing the confounding effects of genotype and environment. Interestingly, myometrium not only clustered away from the tumors, but generally separated based on associated t(12;14) versus del(7q) status. Nine genes were identified whose expression can distinguish the myometrium origin. This suggests an underlying constitutional genetic predisposition to these somatic changes which could potentially lead to improved personalized management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennelle C. Hodge
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and
| | - Tae-Min Kim
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | | | | | - Nicole C. Christacos
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115, USA
- Cytogenetics Department, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, Chantilly, VA 20151, USA
| | | | - Bradley J. Quade
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Peter J. Park
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115, USA
- Harvard-Partners Center for Genetics and Genomics, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Children's Hospital Informatics Program, Boston, MA 02115, USA and
| | - Elizabeth A. Stewart
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN55905, USA
| | - Cynthia C. Morton
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology and
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115, USA
- Harvard-Partners Center for Genetics and Genomics, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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