1
|
Alfaro-Mora Y, Domínguez-Gómez G, Cáceres-Gutiérrez RE, Tolentino-García L, Herrera LA, Castro-Hernández C, Bermúdez-Cruz RM, Díaz-Chávez J. MPS1 is involved in the HPV16-E7-mediated centrosomes amplification. Cell Div 2021; 16:6. [PMID: 34736484 PMCID: PMC8567613 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-021-00074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that the oncoprotein E7 from human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16-E7) can induce the excessive synthesis of centrosomes through the increase in the expression of PLK4, which is a transcriptional target of E2F1. On the other hand, it has been reported that increasing MPS1 protein stability can also generate an excessive synthesis of centrosomes. In this work, we analyzed the possible role of MPS1 in the amplification of centrosomes mediated by HPV16-E7. Results Employing qRT-PCR, Western Blot, and Immunofluorescence techniques, we found that E7 induces an increase in the MPS1 transcript and protein levels in the U2OS cell line, as well as protein stabilization. Besides, we observed that inhibiting the expression of MPS1 in E7 protein-expressing cells leads to a significant reduction in the number of centrosomes. Conclusions These results indicate that the presence of the MPS1 protein is necessary for E7 protein to increase the number of centrosomes, and possible implications are discussed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13008-021-00074-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yair Alfaro-Mora
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.,Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Domínguez-Gómez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo E Cáceres-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Tolentino-García
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clementina Castro-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Bermúdez-Cruz
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - José Díaz-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Li H, Pi R, Yang Y, Zhao X, Qi X. Current strategies against persistent human papillomavirus infection (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 55:570-584. [PMID: 31364734 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection, exhibiting a tropism for the epidermis and mucosae. The link between persistent HPV infection and malignancies involving the anogenital tract as well as the head and neck has been well‑established, and it is estimated that HPV‑related cancers involving various anatomical sites account for 4.5% of all human cancers. Current prophylactic vaccines against HPV have enabled the prevention of associated malignancies. However, the sizeable population base of current infection in whom prophylactic vaccines are not applicable, certain high‑risk HPV types not included in vaccines, and the vast susceptible population in developing countries who do not have access to the costly prophylactic vaccines, put forward an imperative need for effective therapies targeting persistent infection. In this article, the life cycle of HPV, the mechanisms facilitating HPV evasion of recognition and clearance by the host immune system, and the promising therapeutic strategies currently under investigation, particularly antiviral drugs and therapeutic vaccines, are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hongyi Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ruyu Pi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Qi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiao S, Tang YS, Kusumanchi P, Stabler SP, Zhang Y, Antony AC. Folate Deficiency Facilitates Genomic Integration of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 DNA In Vivo in a Novel Mouse Model for Rapid Oncogenic Transformation of Human Keratinocytes. J Nutr 2018; 148:389-400. [PMID: 29546304 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxx060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic and in vitro studies suggest independent linkages between poor folate and/or vitamin B-12 nutrition, genomic human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 viral integration, and cancer. However, there is no direct evidence in vivo to support the causative role of poor folate nutrition in HPV16 integration into the cellular genome. Objective We tested the hypothesis that folate deficiency enables the integration of HPV16 into the genome of HPV16-harboring keratinocytes, and could thereby influence earlier transformation of these cells to cancer in an animal model. Methods HPV16-harboring human keratinocytes [(HPV16)BC-1-Ep/SL] were differentiated into 3-dimensional HPV16-organotypic rafts under either folate-replete or folate-deficient conditions in vitro. These were then subcutaneously implanted in severely immunocompromised female Beige Nude XID (Hsd: NIHS-LystbgFoxn1nuBtkxid) mice (4-6 wk old, 16-18 g) fed either a folate-replete diet (1200 nmol folate/kg diet) or a progressively folate-deficient diet (600 or 400 nmol folate/kg diet) for 2 mo prior to raft-implantation surgery, and indefinitely thereafter. The tumors that subsequently developed were characterized for onset, pattern of growth, morphology, HPV16 oncogene expression, and HPV16-genomic integration. Results All HPV16-organotypic rafts developed in either folate-replete or physiologic low-folate media in vitro and subsequently implanted in folate-replete mice eventually transformed into aggressive malignancies within weeks. When compared to HPV16-high folate-organotypic raft-derived tumors from mice fed either a 1200 or 600 nmol folate/kg diet, those raft-derived cancers that developed in mice fed a 400 nmol folate/kg diet expressed significantly more HPV16 E6 (1.8-fold more) and E7 (2.8-fold more) oncogenic proteins (P = 0.001), and revealed significantly more HPV16-integration sites in genomic DNA (2-fold more), either directly into, or in the vicinity of, cellular genes (P < 0.05). Conclusions This unprecedented animal model for the consistent rapid transformation of differentiated (HPV16)BC-1-Ep/SL-derived organotypic raft-keratinocytes to cancer in Beige Nude XID mice confirms that dietary folate deficiency can profoundly influence and modulate events leading to HPV16-induced carcinogenesis, and facilitates genomic integration of HPV16 DNA in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhong Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ying-Sheng Tang
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Sally P Stabler
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Asok C Antony
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.,Richard L Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rausch JL, Boichuk S, Ali AA, Patil SS, Liu L, Lee DM, Brown MF, Makielski KR, Liu Y, Taguchi T, Kuan SF, Duensing A. Opposing roles of KIT and ABL1 in the therapeutic response of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cells to imatinib mesylate. Oncotarget 2018; 8:4471-4483. [PMID: 27965460 PMCID: PMC5354847 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are caused by activating mutations of the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase. The small molecule inhibitor imatinib mesylate was initially developed to target the ABL1 kinase, which is constitutively activated through chromosomal translocation in BCR-ABL1-positive chronic myeloid leukemia. Because of cross-reactivity of imatinib against the KIT kinase, the drug is also successfully used for the treatment of GIST. Although inhibition of KIT clearly has a major role in the therapeutic response of GIST to imatinib, the contribution of concomitant inhibition of ABL in this context has never been explored. We show here that ABL1 is expressed in the majority of GISTs, including human GIST cell lines. Using siRNA-mediated knockdown, we demonstrate that depletion of KIT in conjunction with ABL1 – hence mimicking imatinib treatment – leads to reduced apoptosis induction and attenuated inhibition of cellular proliferation when compared to depletion of KIT alone. These results are explained by an increased activity of the AKT survival kinase, which is mediated by the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK2, likely through direct phosphorylation. Our results highlight that distinct inhibitory properties of targeted agents can impede antitumor effects and hence provide insights for rational drug development. Novel KIT-targeted agents to treat GIST should therefore comprise an increased specificity for KIT while at the same time displaying a reduced ability to inhibit ABL1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Rausch
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sergei Boichuk
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Current address: Department of Pathology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Areej A Ali
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sneha S Patil
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lijun Liu
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Donna M Lee
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew F Brown
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen R Makielski
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Takahiro Taguchi
- Department of Anatomy, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku Kochi, Japan
| | - Shih-Fan Kuan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anette Duensing
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cheng X, Merz KH. The Role of Indirubins in Inflammation and Associated Tumorigenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 929:269-290. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41342-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
6
|
Tomaić V. Functional Roles of E6 and E7 Oncoproteins in HPV-Induced Malignancies at Diverse Anatomical Sites. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8100095. [PMID: 27775564 PMCID: PMC5082385 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 200 human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect human epithelial cells, of which the alpha and beta types have been the most extensively studied. Alpha HPV types mainly infect mucosal epithelia and a small group of these causes over 600,000 cancers per year worldwide at various anatomical sites, especially anogenital and head-and-neck cancers. Of these the most important is cervical cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women in many parts of the world. Beta HPV types infect cutaneous epithelia and may contribute towards the initiation of non-melanoma skin cancers. HPVs encode two oncoproteins, E6 and E7, which are directly responsible for the development of HPV-induced carcinogenesis. They do this cooperatively by targeting diverse cellular pathways involved in the regulation of cell cycle control, of apoptosis and of cell polarity control networks. In this review, the biological consequences of papillomavirus targeting of various cellular substrates at diverse anatomical sites in the development of HPV-induced malignancies are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vjekoslav Tomaić
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cosenza MR, Krämer A. Centrosome amplification, chromosomal instability and cancer: mechanistic, clinical and therapeutic issues. Chromosome Res 2016; 24:105-26. [PMID: 26645976 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-015-9505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Centrosomes, the main microtubule-organizing centers in most animal cells, are of crucial importance for the assembly of a bipolar mitotic spindle and subsequent faithful segregation of chromosomes into two daughter cells. Centrosome abnormalities can be found in virtually all cancer types and have been linked to chromosomal instability (CIN) and tumorigenesis. Although our knowledge on centrosome structure, replication, and amplification has greatly increased within recent years, still only very little is known on nature, causes, and consequences of centrosome aberrations in primary tumor tissues. In this review, we summarize our current insights into the mechanistic link between centrosome aberrations, aneuploidy, CIN and tumorigenesis. Mechanisms of induction and cellular consequences of aneuploidy, tetraploidization and CIN, as well as origin and effects of supernumerary centrosomes will be discussed. In addition, animal models for both CIN and centrosome amplification will be outlined. Finally, we describe approaches to exploit centrosome amplification, aneuploidy and CIN for novel and specific anticancer treatment strategies based on the modulation of chromosome missegregation rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Raffaele Cosenza
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alwin Krämer
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bodelon C, Vinokurova S, Sampson JN, den Boon JA, Walker JL, Horswill MA, Korthauer K, Schiffman M, Sherman ME, Zuna RE, Mitchell J, Zhang X, Boland JF, Chaturvedi AK, Dunn ST, Newton MA, Ahlquist P, Wang SS, Wentzensen N. Chromosomal copy number alterations and HPV integration in cervical precancer and invasive cancer. Carcinogenesis 2015; 37:188-196. [PMID: 26660085 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bodelon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute , NIH , Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Svetlana Vinokurova
- Institute of Carcinogenesis , NN Blokhin Cancer Research Center , Moscow , Russia
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute , NIH , Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Johan A den Boon
- Morgridge Institute for Research.,McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research and.,Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joan L Walker
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK,USA
| | - Mark A Horswill
- Morgridge Institute for Research.,Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Keegan Korthauer
- Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI,USA
| | - Mark Schiffman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute , NIH , Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Breast and Gynecologic Cancer Research Group, National Cancer Institute, NIH , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Rosemary E Zuna
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK,USA
| | - Jason Mitchell
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute , NIH , Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Xijun Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute , NIH , Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Joseph F Boland
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute , NIH , Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Anil K Chaturvedi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute , NIH , Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - S Terence Dunn
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK,USA
| | - Michael A Newton
- Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI,USA
| | - Paul Ahlquist
- Morgridge Institute for Research.,McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research and.,Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA, and
| | - Sophia S Wang
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute , City of Hope, Duarte, CA,USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics , National Cancer Institute , NIH , Bethesda, MD,USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Indirubin and Indirubin Derivatives for Counteracting Proliferative Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:654098. [PMID: 26457112 PMCID: PMC4589628 DOI: 10.1155/2015/654098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Indirubin is the active component of Danggui Longhui Wan, a traditional Chinese medicine formulation. The encouraging clinical results from the 1980s obtained in chronic myelocytic leukemia patients treated with indirubin stimulated numerous studies on this compound. These investigations explored the use of indirubin in different types of cancer and reported the synthesis of novel derivatives with improved chemical and pharmacokinetic properties. In this paper, we review the impressive progress that has been made in elucidating the mechanistic understanding of how indirubin and its derivatives affect physiological and pathophysiological processes, mainly by inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of cell death. Furthermore, we survey the therapeutic use of these compounds in combating proliferative diseases such as cancer, restenosis, and psoriasis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hu S, Lu Y, Orr B, Godek K, Mustachio LM, Kawakami M, Sekula D, Compton DA, Freemantle S, Dmitrovsky E. Specific CP110 Phosphorylation Sites Mediate Anaphase Catastrophe after CDK2 Inhibition: Evidence for Cooperation with USP33 Knockdown. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:2576-85. [PMID: 26304236 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of solid tumor biology and is implicated in carcinogenesis. Preferentially eliminating malignant cells by targeting CIN and aneuploidy is an attractive antineoplastic strategy. We previously reported that CDK2 antagonism causes lung cancer cells to undergo anaphase catastrophe and apoptosis through inhibition of phosphorylation of the centrosomal protein CP110. Cells with activating KRAS mutations were particularly sensitive to CDK2 inhibition due to downregulation of CP110 protein levels. This study investigated mechanisms of CDK2 antagonism that mediate anaphase catastrophe via changes in CP110 protein expression and how activated KRAS affects CP110 levels in lung cancers. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed candidate CDK phosphorylation sites of CP110 (residues Ser 170 and Thr 194) critical for conferring anaphase catastrophe by altering centrosome clustering in mitosis. Intriguingly, KRAS mutation can promote CP110 protein degradation by upregulating the ubiquitin ligase SCF(cyclinF), which targets CP110 protein for destabilization. Finally, CDK2 inhibitor response was enhanced when combined with knockdown of the deubiquitinase USP33 that in turn accelerates CP110 protein degradation. Thus, this study provides molecular pharmacologic insights into how CP110 expression regulates response to CDK2 inhibition. An improved understanding of in vitro antineoplastic mechanisms of combining CDK2 antagonism with induced CP110 repression provides a rationale for exploring clinical consequences of this strategy. Taken together, preclinical findings obtained from combining CDK2 inhibition with USP33 repression have implications for treating patients with non-small cell lung cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanhu Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Bernardo Orr
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Kristina Godek
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Lisa Maria Mustachio
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Masanori Kawakami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - David Sekula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Duane A Compton
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Sarah Freemantle
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Ethan Dmitrovsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Increased radiosensitivity of HPV-positive head and neck cancer cell lines due to cell cycle dysregulation and induction of apoptosis. Strahlenther Onkol 2014; 190:839-46. [PMID: 24715240 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-014-0605-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) respond favourably to radiotherapy as compared to HPV-unrelated HNSCC. We investigated DNA damage response in HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC cell lines aiming to identify mechanisms, which illustrate reasons for the increased sensitivity of HPV-positive cancers of the oropharynx. METHODS Radiation response including clonogenic survival, apoptosis, DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, and cell cycle redistribution in four HPV-positive (UM-SCC-47, UM-SCC-104, 93-VU-147T, UPCI:SCC152) and four HPV-negative (UD-SCC-1, UM-SCC-6, UM-SCC-11b, UT-SCC-33) cell lines was evaluated. RESULTS HPV-positive cells were more radiosensitive (mean SF2: 0.198 range: 0.22-0.18) than HPV-negative cells (mean SF2: 0.34, range: 0.45-0.27; p = 0.010). Irradiated HPV-positive cell lines progressed faster through S-phase showing a more distinct accumulation in G2/M. The abnormal cell cycle checkpoint activation was accompanied by a more pronounced increase of cell death after x-irradiation and a higher number of residual and unreleased DSBs. CONCLUSIONS The enhanced responsiveness of HPV-related HNSCC to radiotherapy might be caused by a higher cellular radiosensitivity due to cell cycle dysregulation and impaired DNA DSB repair.
Collapse
|
12
|
Manipulation of cellular DNA damage repair machinery facilitates propagation of human papillomaviruses. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 26:30-42. [PMID: 24412279 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In general, the interplay among viruses and DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways can be divided based on whether the interaction promotes or inhibits the viral lifecycle. The propagation of human papillomaviruses is both promoted and inhibited by DDR proteins. As a result, HPV proteins both activate repair pathways, such as the ATM and ATR pathways, and inhibit other pathways, most notably the p53 signaling pathway. Indeed, the role of HPV proteins, with regard to the DDR pathways, can be divided into two broad categories. The first set of viral proteins, HPV E1 and E2 activate a DNA damage response and recruit repair proteins to viral replication centers, where these proteins are likely usurped to replicate the viral genome. Because the activation of the DDR response typically elicits a cell cycle arrest that would impeded the viral lifecycle, the second set of HPV proteins, HPV E6 and E7, prevents the DDR response from pausing cell cycle progression or inducing apoptosis. This review provides a detailed account of the interactions among HPV proteins and DDR proteins that facilitate HPV propagation.
Collapse
|
13
|
Erben F, Michalik D, Feist H, Kleeblatt D, Hein M, Matin A, Iqbal J, Langer P. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of (Z)-1-glycosyl-3-(5-oxo-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-ylidene)indolin-2-ones and (Z)-3-(2-glycosylsulfanyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-thiazol-5-ylidene)indolin-2-ones. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44362k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
14
|
Kleeblatt D, Cordes CA, Lebrenz P, Hein M, Feist H, Matin A, Raza R, Iqbal J, Munshi O, Rahman Q, Villinger A, Langer P. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of N-glycosyl-3,3-diaryloxindoles. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02627f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
15
|
Zahoor M, Cha PH, Min DS, Choi KY. Indirubin-3'-oxime reverses bone loss in ovariectomized and hindlimb-unloaded mice via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:1196-205. [PMID: 24243753 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major global health issue in elderly people. Because Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a key role in bone homeostasis, we screened activators of this pathway through cell-based screening, and investigated indirubin-3'-oxime (I3O), one of the positive compounds known to inhibit GSK3β, as a potential anti-osteoporotic agent. Here, we show that I3O activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling via inhibition of the interaction of GSK3β with β-catenin, and induced osteoblast differentiation in vitro and increased calvarial bone thickness ex vivo. Intraperitoneal injection of I3O increased bone mass and improved microarchitecture in normal mice and reversed bone loss in an ovariectomized mouse model of age-related osteoporosis. I3O also increased thickness and area of cortical bone, indicating improved bone strength. Enhanced bone mass and strength correlated with activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling, as shown by histological analyses of both trabecular and cortical bones. I3O also restored mass and density of bone in hindlimb-unloaded mice compared with control, suspended mice, demonstrating bone-restoration effects of I3O in non-aged-related osteoporosis as well. Overall, I3O, a pharmacologically active small molecule, could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahoor
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Erben F, Kleeblatt D, Sonneck M, Hein M, Feist H, Fahrenwaldt T, Fischer C, Matin A, Iqbal J, Plötz M, Eberle J, Langer P. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of selenoindirubins and selenoindirubin-N-glycosides. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:3963-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40603b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
17
|
Korzeniewski N, Hohenfellner M, Duensing S. The centrosome as potential target for cancer therapy and prevention. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 17:43-52. [PMID: 23062185 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.731396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer initiation and propagation is not possible without cell division. Besides microtubules, which are targeted by taxanes as part of a number of standard chemotherapy regimens, mitosis depends on small cellular organelles known as centrosomes. Centrosome abnormalities are a common finding in tumors including major human malignancies such as prostate or breast cancer. Centrosome aberrations can drive chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy, thereby promoting malignant progression. Nonetheless, these important cellular structures have not yet been directly exploited for targeted interventions. AREAS COVERED This review will summarize the current knowledge of normal and aberrant centrosome duplication. We will highlight the principal pathways leading to aberrant centrosome numbers and the evidence for a role of centrosome amplification in malignant progression. Strategies to target centrosome-mediated cell division errors will be discussed. Lastly, we will review the evidence for centrosome clustering as a druggable cellular process. EXPERT OPINION Recent advances in the understanding of centrosome biogenesis have revealed a number of potential centrosomal drug targets including Polo-like kinases, Cyclin-dependent kinases, Aurora kinases, and molecular motor proteins. For some of these proteins, targeted inhibitory compounds are available and in vitro experiments have provided the proof-of-concept that blocking centrosome overduplication can result in a reduction of aneuploid cells. In addition, inhibition of centrosomal clustering has antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Nonetheless, further in vitro and preclinical studies are required to determine the most effective way to exploit the centrosome for therapeutic or preventive anticancer strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Korzeniewski
- University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Section of Molecular Urooncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chan JY. A clinical overview of centrosome amplification in human cancers. Int J Biol Sci 2011; 7:1122-44. [PMID: 22043171 PMCID: PMC3204404 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The turn of the 21st century had witnessed a surge of interest in the centrosome and its causal relation to human cancer development - a postulate that has existed for almost a century. Centrosome amplification (CA) is frequently detected in a growing list of human cancers, both solid and haematological, and is a candidate "hallmark" of cancer cells. Several lines of evidence support the progressive involvement of CA in the transition from early to advanced stages of carcinogenesis, being also found in pre-neoplastic lesions and even in histopathologically-normal tissue. CA constitutes the major mechanism leading to chromosomal instability and aneuploidy, via the formation of multipolar spindles and chromosomal missegregation. Clinically, CA may translate to a greater risk for initiation of malignant transformation, tumour progression, chemoresistance and ultimately, poor patient prognosis. As mechanisms underlying CA are progressively being unravelled, the centrosome has emerged as a novel candidate target for cancer treatment. This Review summarizes mainly the clinical studies performed to date focusing on the mechanisms underlying CA in human neoplasia, and highlights the potential utility of centrosomes in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of human cancers.
Collapse
|
19
|
Nikitin PA, Luftig MA. At a crossroads: human DNA tumor viruses and the host DNA damage response. Future Virol 2011; 6:813-830. [PMID: 21927617 DOI: 10.2217/fvl.11.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human DNA tumor viruses induce host cell proliferation in order to establish the necessary cellular milieu to replicate viral DNA. The consequence of such viral-programmed induction of proliferation coupled with the introduction of foreign replicating DNA structures makes these viruses particularly sensitive to the host DNA damage response machinery. In fact, sensors of DNA damage are often activated and modulated by DNA tumor viruses in both latent and lytic infection. This article focuses on the role of the DNA damage response during the life cycle of human DNA tumor viruses, with a particular emphasis on recent advances in our understanding of the role of the DNA damage response in EBV, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and human papillomavirus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A Nikitin
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Center for Virology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xu JJ, Dai XM, Liu HL, Guo WJ, Gao J, Wang CH, Li WB, Yao QZ. A novel 7-azaisoindigo derivative-induced cancer cell apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by oxidative stress. J Appl Toxicol 2010; 31:164-72. [PMID: 20865757 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This research focused on a novel 7-azaisoindigo derivative [namely N(1)-(n-butyl)-7-azaisoindigo, 7-AI-b], and investigated its molecular antitumor mechanism by exploring the means of cell death and the effects on mitochondrial function. 7-AI-b inhibited cancer cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent way. The morphological and nuclei changes in H(2) B-GFP-labeled HeLa cells were observed using a live cell system. The results suggested that cell death induced by 7-AI-b is closely related to apoptosis. 7-AI-b induced release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytosol and activation of caspase-3, showing that the apoptosis is mediated by the mitochondrial pathway. Furthermore, our data indicated that 7-AI-b triggers apoptosis through reactive oxygen species (ROS): cellular ROS levels were increased after 3 h exposure of 7-AI-b, which was reversed by the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine. As a consequence, 7-AI-b-mediated cell death, mitochondrial transmembrane potential collapse and ATP level were partly blocked by N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Further study showed that 7-AI-b could induce mitochondrial dysfunction: collapse of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and reduction of intracellular ATP level. In summary, the novel synthesized 7-AI-b was demonstrated to be effective in killing cancer cells via an ROS-promoted and mitochondria- and caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-jing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Korzeniewski N, Wheeler S, Chatterjee P, Duensing A, Duensing S. A novel role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in centrosome amplification - implications for chemoprevention. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:153. [PMID: 20565777 PMCID: PMC2898706 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Centrosome aberrations can cause genomic instability and correlate with malignant progression in common human malignancies such as breast and prostate cancer. Deregulation of cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) activity has previously been shown to be critically involved in centrosome overduplication. We therefore test here whether small molecule CDK inhibitors derived from the bis-indole indirubin can be used to suppress centrosome aberrations as a novel approach to chemoprevention of malignant progression. RESULTS As expected, we found that the CDK inhibitor indirubin-3'-oxime (IO) suppresses centrosome amplification in breast cancer cells. However, we made the unexpected discovery that indirubin-derived compounds that have been chemically modified to be inactive as kinase inhibitors such as 1-methyl-indirubin-3'-oxime (MeIO) still significantly reduced centrosome amplification. All indirubins used in the present study are potent agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is known for its important role in the cellular metabolism of xenobiotics. To corroborate our results, we first show that the coincidence of nuclear AhR overexpression, reflecting a constitutive activation, and numerical centrosome aberrations correlates significantly with malignancy in mammary tissue specimens. Remarkably, a considerable proportion (72.7%) of benign mammary tissue samples scored also positive for nuclear AhR overexpression. We furthermore provide evidence that continued expression of endogenous AhR is critical to promote centriole overduplication induced by cyclin E and that AhR and cyclin E may function in the same pathway. Overexpression of the AhR in the absence of exogenous ligands was found to rapidly disrupt centriole duplication control. Nonetheless, the AhR agonists IO and MeIO were still found to significantly reduce centriole overduplication stimulated by ectopic AhR expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that continued expression of endogenous AhR promotes centrosome amplification in breast cancer cells in a pathway that involves cyclin E. AhR agonists such as indirubins inhibit centrosome amplification even when stimulated by ectopic expression of the AhR suggesting that these compounds are potentially useful for the chemoprevention of centrosome-mediated cell division errors and malignant progression in neoplasms in which the AhR is overexpressed. Future studies are warranted to determine whether individuals in which nuclear AhR overexpression is detected in benign mammary tissue are at a higher risk for developing pre-cancerous or cancerous breast lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Korzeniewski
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Duensing A, Spardy N, Chatterjee P, Zheng L, Parry J, Cuevas R, Korzeniewski N, Duensing S. Centrosome overduplication, chromosomal instability, and human papillomavirus oncoproteins. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2009; 50:741-747. [PMID: 19326465 DOI: 10.1002/em.20478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Centrosome aberrations are a frequent finding in human tumors. However, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms leading to disruption of centrosome duplication control and the functional consequences of aberrant centrosome numbers. The high-risk human papillomavirus Type 16 (HPV-16) E6 and E7 oncoproteins are overexpressed in HPV-associated malignancies of the anogenital tract and have been instrumental in delineating different pathways of centrosome amplification. Whereas the E6 oncoprotein was found to provoke centrosome accumulation, the HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein triggers a genuine disruption of the centrosome duplication cycle. Importantly, the E7 oncoprotein can rapidly cause centrosome overduplication through a pathway that involves the concurrent formation of multiple daughters at single maternal centrioles (centriole flowers). Several lines of evidence suggest that cyclin E/CDK2 complexes and Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) are crucial players in this process. These findings underscore that the HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein is a unique tool to dissect normal and abnormal centriole biogenesis and the underlying molecular circuitry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anette Duensing
- Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, the increasing use of organ and stem cell transplantation and the AIDS epidemic have led to the realization that some, but not all, human cancers occur more frequently in immunosuppressed individuals. With the notable exception of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), most tumors that show strongly increased incidence rates in both transplant recipients and AIDS patients have been found to have a viral etiology. Among these are Kaposi sarcoma, diffuse large cell B-cell lymphoma, cervical cancer, liver cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma and a subset of Hodgkin's disease. A viral etiology for NMSC, i.e., beta- and gamma-subtypes of human papillomavirus, has been suggested and investigated for many years, but remains controversial. In addition, the moderately increased incidence rates of several other cancers in immunosuppressed individuals (e.g., Vajdic and van Leeuwen, Int J Cancer, in press) could indicate that additional infectious causes for at least some human cancers remain to be discovered. The controversy surrounding the role of cutaneous papillomavirus subtypes in the pathogenesis of NMSC illustrates the difficulties encountered when weighing the epidemiological and molecular biology evidence arguing for an involvement of highly prevalent viruses in certain types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 60325, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
McLaughlin-Drubin ME, Münger K. Oncogenic activities of human papillomaviruses. Virus Res 2009; 143:195-208. [PMID: 19540281 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Infectious etiologies for certain human cancers have long been suggested by epidemiological studies and studies with experimental animals. Important support for this concept came from the discovery by Harald zur Hausen's group that human cervical carcinoma almost universally contains certain "high-risk" human papillomavirus (HPV) types. Over the years, much has been learned about the carcinogenic activities of high-risk HPVs. These studies have revealed that two viral proteins, E6 and E7, that are consistently expressed in HPV-associated carcinomas, are necessary for induction and maintenance of the transformed phenotype. Hence, HPV-associated tumors are unique amongst human solid tumors in that they are universally caused by exposure to the same, molecularly defined oncogenic agents, and the molecular signal transduction pathways subverted by these viral transforming agents are frequently disrupted in other, non-virus-associated human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E McLaughlin-Drubin
- Infectious Diseases Division, Channing Laboratories, 181 Longwood Avenue, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 is essential in inducing S-phase progression in differentiating epithelial cells. We have previously shown that HPV-16 E7 activity can be controlled by a direct interaction with the viral transcriptional activator E2, thereby inhibiting transforming potential of E7. We have extended these analyses to show that E2 induces a generalized re-localization of E7 within the cell nucleus, one potential consequence of which is the inhibition of E7-induced degradation of pRb. Most importantly, we show that E2 can also inhibit the ability of E7 to induce centrosome abnormalities, thus preventing aberrant mitoses. Taken together, these studies highlight the central importance of E2 in controlling the functions of E7, independently of the ability of E2 to regulate transcription.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kim SA, Kim SW, Chang S, Yoon JH, Ahn SG. 5'-nitro-indirubinoxime induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human KB oral carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2009; 274:72-7. [PMID: 18926623 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that the novel indirubin derivative, 5'-nitro-indirubinoxime (5'-NIO), effectively arrested the tumor growth through the inhibition of cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying 5'-NIO-induced antitumor activity remain unclear. Here, we report that 5'-NIO inhibits the proliferation of human KB oral carcinoma cells via the cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. 5'-NIO reduced the activity of Cdc2/cyclin B complex through the inhibition of the PLK1 expression. Partially, 5'-NIO also arrested cell cycle in G1/S phase via the reduction of CDK4 and cyclin D1/D3 levels by p16 and induction of the level of p21waf1. Using flow cytometry analysis, we showed that 5'-NIO-induced cell cycle arrest is followed by apoptosis. We determined further that 5'-NIO-induced apoptosis is accomplished by the mitochondria-dependent activation of the caspase cascade. Overall, these observations suggest the potential value of 5'-NIO as a candidate for a therapeutic modality for the treatment of oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-A Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Oriental Medicine, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
McLaughlin-Drubin ME, Münger K. The human papillomavirus E7 oncoprotein. Virology 2008; 384:335-44. [PMID: 19007963 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 oncoprotein shares functional similarities with such proteins as adenovirus E1A and SV40 large tumor antigen. As one of only two viral proteins always expressed in HPV-associated cancers, E7 plays a central role in both the viral life cycle and carcinogenic transformation. In the HPV viral life cycle, E7 disrupts the intimate association between cellular differentiation and proliferation in normal epithelium, allowing for viral replication in cells that would no longer be in the dividing population. This function is directly reflected in the transforming activities of E7, including tumor initiation and induction of genomic instability.
Collapse
|
28
|
Nguyen CL, Münger K. Direct association of the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein with cyclin A/CDK2 and cyclin E/CDK2 complexes. Virology 2008; 380:21-5. [PMID: 18718623 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 oncoprotein has been shown to associate with cyclin/CDK2 complexes. Here we present evidence that HPV E7 proteins can associate with cyclin A/CDK2 and cyclin E/CDK2 complexes in cells that lack retinoblastoma tumor suppressor family members through sequences outside of the core retinoblastoma tumor suppressor binding site. Moreover, we show that HPV16 E7 can directly associate with cyclin A/CDK2 and cyclin E/CDK2 complexes. These results suggest that cyclin/CDK2 complexes may be components of HPV E7-associated cellular complexes that do not contain retinoblastoma tumor suppressor family members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Nguyen
- Infectious Diseases Division, Channing Laboratories 861, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kotadia S, Kao LR, Comerford SA, Jones RT, Hammer RE, Megraw TL. PP2A-dependent disruption of centrosome replication and cytoskeleton organization in Drosophila by SV40 small tumor antigen. Oncogene 2008; 27:6334-46. [PMID: 18663356 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Viruses of the DNA tumor virus family share the ability to transform vertebrate cells through the action of virus-encoded tumor antigens that interfere with normal cell physiology. They accomplish this very efficiently by inhibiting endogenous tumor suppressor proteins that control cell proliferation and apoptosis. Simian virus 40 (SV40) encodes two oncoproteins, large tumor antigen, which directly inhibits the tumor suppressors p53 and Rb, and small tumor antigen (ST), which interferes with serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). We have constructed a Drosophila model for SV40 ST expression and show that ST induces supernumerary centrosomes, an activity we also demonstrate in human cells. In early Drosophila embryos, ST also caused increased microtubule stability, chromosome segregation errors, defective assembly of actin into cleavage furrows, cleavage failure, a rise in cyclin E levels and embryonic lethality. Using ST mutants and genetic interaction experiments between ST and PP2A subunit mutations, we show that all of these phenotypes are dependent on ST's interaction with PP2A. These analyses demonstrate the validity and utility of Drosophila as a model for viral oncoprotein function in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kotadia
- Department of Pharmacology, The Cecil and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390-9051, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lee MJ, Kim MY, Mo JS, Ann EJ, Seo MS, Hong JA, Kim YC, Park HS. Indirubin-3′-monoxime, a derivative of a Chinese anti-leukemia medicine, inhibits Notch1 signaling. Cancer Lett 2008; 265:215-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
31
|
Duensing A, Duensing S. Centrosome-mediated chromosomal instability and steroid hormones as co factors in human papillomavirus-associated cervical carcinogenesis: small viruses help to answer big questions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 617:109-17. [PMID: 18497035 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-69080-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anette Duensing
- Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mammas IN, Sourvinos G, Giannoudis A, Spandidos DA. Human papilloma virus (HPV) and host cellular interactions. Pathol Oncol Res 2008; 14:345-54. [PMID: 18493868 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-008-9056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Viral-induced carcinogenesis has been attributed to the ability of viral oncoproteins to target and interact with the host cellular proteins. It is generally accepted that Human papilloma virus (HPV) E6 and E7 function as the dominant oncoproteins of 'high-risk' HPVs by altering the function of critical cellular proteins. Initially it was shown that HPV E6 enhances the degradation of p53, while HPV E7 inactivates the function of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein Rb. However, recent studies during the last decade have identified a number of additional host cellular targets of both HPV E6 and E7 that may also play an important role in malignant cellular transformation. In this review we present the interactions of HPV E6 and E7 with the host cellular target proteins. We also present the role of DNA integration in the malignant transformation of the epithelial cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis N Mammas
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71100, Crete, Greece
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Libnow S, Methling K, Hein M, Michalik D, Harms M, Wende K, Flemming A, Köckerling M, Reinke H, Bednarski PJ, Lalk M, Langer P. Synthesis of indirubin-N′-glycosides and their anti-proliferative activity against human cancer cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:5570-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2008] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
34
|
Kisseljov F, Sakharova O, Kondratjeva T. Chapter 2 Cellular and Molecular Biological Aspects of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 271:35-95. [DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(08)01202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
35
|
Nguyen CL, Eichwald C, Nibert ML, Münger K. Human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein associates with the centrosomal component gamma-tubulin. J Virol 2007; 81:13533-43. [PMID: 17913829 PMCID: PMC2168839 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01669-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of a high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 oncoprotein is sufficient to induce aberrant centrosome duplication in primary human cells. The resulting centrosome-associated mitotic abnormalities have been linked to the development of aneuploidy. HPV type 16 (HPV16) E7 induces supernumerary centrosomes through a mechanism that is at least in part independent of the inactivation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor pRb and is dependent on cyclin-dependent kinase 2 activity. Here, we show that HPV16 E7 can concentrate around mitotic spindle poles and that a small pool of HPV16 E7 is associated with centrosome fractions isolated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The targeting of HPV16 E7 to the centrosome, however, was not sufficient for centrosome overduplication. Nonetheless, we found that HPV16 E7 can associate with the centrosomal regulator gamma-tubulin and that the recruitment of gamma-tubulin to the centrosome is altered in HPV16 E7-expressing cells. Since the association of HPV16 E7 with gamma-tubulin is independent of pRb, p107, and p130, our results suggest that the association with gamma-tubulin contributes to the pRb/p107/p130-independent ability of HPV16 E7 to subvert centrosome homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Nguyen
- Channing Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hasskarl J, Mern DS, Münger K. Interference of the dominant negative helix-loop-helix protein ID1 with the proteasomal subunit S5A causes centrosomal abnormalities. Oncogene 2007; 27:1657-64. [PMID: 17891176 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitor of DNA-binding (ID) proteins are dominant-negative inhibitors of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that have multiple functions during development and cellular differentiation. High-level expression of some ID family members has been observed in human malignancies, and in some cases was correlated with poor clinical prognosis. Ectopic ID1 expression extends the life span of primary human epithelial cells, inhibits cellular differentiation and induces centrosome duplication errors, thus suggesting that ID1 may have oncogenic activities. ID1 can bind to the proteasomal subunit S5A/Rpn10, but the biological consequences of the interaction have not been studied in detail. Here, we show that ID1's ability to induce supernumerary centrosomes correlates with S5A binding. Similar to ID1, a fraction of the S5A protein localizes to centrosomal structures. Furthermore, partial depletion of S5A by RNA interference causes accumulation of cells with supernumerary centrosomes. These results are consistent with the model that ID1 dysregulates centrosome homeostasis at least in part by interfering with S5A activities at the centrosome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Hasskarl
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Duensing A, Liu Y, Perdreau SA, Kleylein-Sohn J, Nigg EA, Duensing S. Centriole overduplication through the concurrent formation of multiple daughter centrioles at single maternal templates. Oncogene 2007; 26:6280-8. [PMID: 17438528 PMCID: PMC2586811 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Revised: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal centrosome numbers are detected in virtually all cancers. The molecular mechanisms that underlie centrosome amplification, however, are poorly characterized. Based on the model that each maternal centriole serves as a template for the formation of one and only one daughter centriole per cell division cycle, the prevailing view is that centriole overduplication arises from successive rounds of centriole reproduction. Here, we provide evidence that a single maternal centriole can concurrently generate multiple daughter centrioles. This mechanism was initially identified in cells treated with the peptide vinyl sulfone proteasome inhibitor Z-L(3)VS. We subsequently found that the formation of more than one daughter at maternal centrioles requires cyclin E/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 as well as Polo-like kinase 4 and that overexpression of these proteins mimics this phenotype in the absence of a proteasome inhibitor. Moreover, we show that the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein stimulates aberrant daughter centriole numbers in part through the formation of more than one daughter centriole at single maternal templates. These results help to explain how oncogenic stimuli can rapidly induce abnormal centriole numbers within a single cell-division cycle and provide insights into the regulation of centriole duplication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Duensing
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kasbek C, Yang CH, Yusof AM, Chapman HM, Winey M, Fisk HA. Preventing the degradation of mps1 at centrosomes is sufficient to cause centrosome reduplication in human cells. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:4457-69. [PMID: 17804818 PMCID: PMC2043537 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-03-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Supernumerary centrosomes promote the assembly of abnormal mitotic spindles in many human tumors. In human cells, overexpression of the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)2 partner cyclin A during a prolonged S phase produces extra centrosomes, called centrosome reduplication. Cdk2 activity protects the Mps1 protein kinase from proteasome-mediated degradation, and we demonstrate here that Mps1 mediates cyclin A-dependent centrosome reduplication. Overexpression of cyclin A or a brief proteasome inhibition increases the centrosomal levels of Mps1, whereas depletion of Cdk2 leads to the proteasome-dependent loss of Mps1 from centrosomes only. When a Cdk2 phosphorylation site within Mps1 (T468) is mutated to alanine, Mps1 cannot accumulate at centrosomes or participate in centrosome duplication. In contrast, phosphomimetic mutations at T468 or deletion of the region surrounding T468 prevent the proteasome-dependent removal of Mps1 from centrosomes in the absence of Cdk2 activity. Moreover, cyclin A-dependent centrosome reduplication requires Mps1, and these stabilizing Mps1 mutations cause centrosome reduplication, bypassing cyclin A. Together, our data demonstrate that the region surrounding T468 contains a motif that regulates the accumulation of Mps1 at centrosomes. We suggest that phosphorylation of T468 attenuates the degradation of Mps1 at centrosomes and that preventing this degradation is necessary and sufficient to cause centrosome reduplication in human cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kasbek
- *Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1292; and
| | - Ching-Hui Yang
- *Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1292; and
| | - Adlina Mohd Yusof
- *Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1292; and
| | - Heather M. Chapman
- *Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1292; and
| | - Mark Winey
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Harold A. Fisk
- *Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1292; and
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gomez-Gutierrez JG, Elpek KG, Montes de Oca-Luna R, Shirwan H, Sam Zhou H, McMasters KM. Vaccination with an adenoviral vector expressing calreticulin-human papillomavirus 16 E7 fusion protein eradicates E7 expressing established tumors in mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:997-1007. [PMID: 17146630 PMCID: PMC11030956 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-006-0247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 09/26/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, particularly in developing countries. The causal association between genital human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer has been firmly established, and the oncogenic potential of certain HPV types has been clearly demonstrated. Vaccines targeting the oncogenic proteins, E6 and E7 of HPV-16 and -18 are the focus of current vaccine development. Previous studies have shown that calreticulin (CRT) enhances the MHC class I presentation of linked peptide/protein and may serve as an effective vaccination strategy for antigen-specific cancer treatment. METHODS Two replication-deficient adenoviruses, one expressing HPV-16 E7 (Ad-E7) and the other expressing CRT linked to E7 (Ad-CRT/E7), were assessed for their ability to induce cellular immune response and tested for prophylactic and therapeutic effects in an E7-expressing mouse tumor model. RESULTS Vaccination with Ad-CRT/E7 led to a dramatic increase in E7-specific T cell proliferation, interferon (IFN)-gamma-secretion, and cytotoxic activity. Immunization of mice with Ad-CRT/E7 was effective in preventing E7-expressing tumor growth, as well as eradicating established tumors with long-term immunological memory. CONCLUSION Vaccination with an adenoviral vector expressing CRT-E7 fusion protein represents an effective strategy for immunotherapy of cervical cancer in rodents, with possible therapeutic potential in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G. Gomez-Gutierrez
- Louisville, KY USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, 40292 Louisville, KY USA
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamanto de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL México
| | - Kutlu G. Elpek
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY USA
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Roberto Montes de Oca-Luna
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL México
| | - Haval Shirwan
- Louisville, KY USA
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY USA
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY USA
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY USA
| | - H. Sam Zhou
- Louisville, KY USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY USA
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY USA
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Kelly M. McMasters
- Louisville, KY USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, 40292 Louisville, KY USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mastrangelo D, De Francesco S, Di Leonardo A, Lentini L, Hadjistilianou T. Retinoblastoma epidemiology: does the evidence matter? Eur J Cancer 2007; 43:1596-603. [PMID: 17543516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2007.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2007] [Revised: 03/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that retinoblastoma is 'caused' by two sequential mutations affecting the RB1 gene, but this is a rather outdated view of cancer aetiology that does not take into account a large amount of new acquisitions such as chromosomal and epigenetic alterations. Retinoblastoma remains probably the only cancer in which the rather simplistic 'two hit' mutational model is still considered of value, although cancer is known to be associated with genomic and microsatellite instability, defects of the DNA mismatch repair system, alterations of DNA methylation and hystone acethylation/deacethylation, and aneuploidy. Moreover, as it is shown herein, the predictions made by the 'two hit' model, are not fulfilled by the clinical and epidemiological data reported so far. Moreover, while the role of mutational events in cancer has been largely questioned in the more recent literature, no serious effort has been done to investigate the role of epigenetic alterations and aneuploidy in retinoblastoma. Through the analysis of the specialised literature and a set of original epidemiological and biological data concerning retinoblastoma, the authors illustrate the evidences arguing against the 'two hit' hypothesis and propose that epigenetic factors and aneuploidy play central roles in the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Mastrangelo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Oncology Unit, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fradet-Turcotte A, Archambault J. Recent Advances in the Search for Antiviral Agents against Human Papillomaviruses. Antivir Ther 2007. [DOI: 10.1177/135965350701200417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) is extremely common and associated with the development of benign warts or malignant lesions of the skin and mucosa. Infection by a high-risk (oncogenic) anogenital HPV type, most often through sexual contacts, is the starting point of virtually all cases of cervical cancers and the majority of anal cancers. The same viral types are also increasingly being linked with a subset of head-and-neck and non-melanoma skin cancers. Although prophylactic vaccines are now available to protect against the four types most commonly found in cervical and anal cancers (HPV16 and HPV18) and anogenital warts (HPV6 and HPV11), these neither protect against all genital HPVs nor are of therapeutic utility for already infected patients. Thus, the need for antiviral agents to treat HPV-associated diseases remains great, but none currently exist. This article reviews the recent progress made towards the development of antiviral agents to treat HPV infections, from target identification and validation to the discovery of lead compounds with therapeutic potential. Emphasis has been placed on novel low-molecular-weight compounds that antagonize HPV proteins or, alternatively, inhibit cellular proteins which have been usurped by papillomaviruses and are mediating their pathogenic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Fradet-Turcotte
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacques Archambault
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Schang LM, St Vincent MR, Lacasse JJ. Five years of progress on cyclin-dependent kinases and other cellular proteins as potential targets for antiviral drugs. Antivir Chem Chemother 2007; 17:293-320. [PMID: 17249245 DOI: 10.1177/095632020601700601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1997-1998, the pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors (PCIs) were independently discovered to inhibit replication of human cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus type 1 and HIV-1. The results from small clinical trials against cancer were then suggesting that PCIs could be safe enough to be used clinically. It was thus hypothesized that PCIs could have the potential to be developed as novel antivirals targeting cellular proteins. Consequently, Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy published in 2001 the first review on the potential of CDKs, and cellular proteins in general, as potential targets for antivirals. The viral functions inhibited by PCIs, or their cellular targets, were then just starting to be characterized. The antiviral spectrum of PCIs and their effects on viral disease were still mostly untested. Even their actual specificity was not yet completely characterized. In addition, cellular proteins were not accepted as valid targets for antivirals. Significant progress has been made in the last 5 years in understanding the antiviral activities of PCIs and the potential roles of cellular proteins in general as targets for antivirals. The first clinical trials of the antiviral activities of PCIs and other inhibitors of cellular protein kinases have now been scheduled. Herein, we review the progress made since the publication of the first review on PCIs as potential antiviral drugs and on CDKs, and cellular proteins in general, as potential targets for antiviral drugs. We also highlight the major issues that still need to be addressed before PCIs or other drugs targeting cellular proteins can be developed as clinical antivirals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Schang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Duensing A, Liu Y, Spardy N, Bartoli K, Tseng M, Kwon JA, Teng X, Duensing S. RNA polymerase II transcription is required for human papillomavirus type 16 E7- and hydroxyurea-induced centriole overduplication. Oncogene 2007; 26:215-23. [PMID: 16819507 PMCID: PMC2228273 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2005] [Revised: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 05/26/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant centrosome numbers are detected in virtually all human cancers where they can contribute to chromosomal instability by promoting mitotic spindle abnormalities. Despite their widespread occurrence, the molecular mechanisms that underlie centrosome amplification are only beginning to emerge. Here, we present evidence for a novel regulatory circuit involved in centrosome overduplication that centers on RNA polymerase II (pol II). We found that human papillomavirus type 16 E7 (HPV-16 E7)- and hydroxyurea (HU)-induced centriole overduplication are abrogated by alpha-amanitin, a potent and specific RNA pol II inhibitor. In contrast, normal centriole duplication proceeded undisturbed in alpha-amanitin-treated cells. Centriole overduplication was significantly reduced by siRNA-mediated knock down of CREB-binding protein (CBP), a transcriptional co-activator. We identified cyclin A2 as a key transcriptional target of RNA pol II during HU-induced centriole overduplication. Collectively, our results show that ongoing RNA pol II transcription is required for centriole overduplication whereas it may be dispensable for normal centriole duplication. Given that many chemotherapeutic agents function through inhibition of transcription, our results may help to develop strategies to target centrosome-mediated chromosomal instability for cancer therapy and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Duensing
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kim SA, Kim YC, Kim SW, Lee SH, Min JJ, Ahn SG, Yoon JH. Antitumor Activity of Novel Indirubin Derivatives in Rat Tumor Model. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:253-9. [PMID: 17200363 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The novel indirubin derivatives 5'-nitro-indirubinoxime, 5'-fluoro-indirubinoxime, and 5'-trimethylacetamino-indirubinoxime were designed and tested for antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo using rat tumor model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Three-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were inoculated s.c. on the left flank with 10(7) RK3E-ras rat kidney epithelial cells harboring k-ras gene. Alternatively, 5 x 10(6) RK3E-ras cells were injected into the oral mucosa. Indirubin derivative treatment began on the 3rd or 6th day after oral or s.c. cell injection, respectively. Indirubin derivatives were directly injected into the tumor every other day for a total of five times. Animals were monitored daily and tumor volume was measured by caliper. RESULTS Indirubin derivatives showed potent antiproliferative activity on various human cancer cells and oncogenic RK3E-ras rat kidney cells, with IC(50) ranging from 1 to 12 mumol/L. Treatment with indirubin derivatives induced the activation of caspase-7 followed by apoptosis in RK3E-ras cells. Indirubin derivatives showed strong antitumor activity in rat solid and oral tumor models. Direct injection of indirubin derivatives every other day for 10 days induced significant inhibition of tumor growth in Sprague-Dawley rats bearing RK3E-ras-induced tumors. Histologically, treatment with indirubin derivatives caused significant inhibition of tumor formation with increased apoptosis and decreased tumor cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that novel indirubin derivatives 5'-nitro-indirubinoxime, 5'-fluoro-indirubinoxime, and 5'-trimethylacetamino-indirubinoxime effectively arrested the tumor growth by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. These findings provide the potential value of indirubin derivatives as novel candidates for antitumor agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-A Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Oriental Medicine, Kyungju, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mastrangelo D, De Francesco S, Di Leonardo A, Lentini L, Hadjistilianou T. Does the evidence matter in medicine? The retinoblastoma paradigm. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:2501-5. [PMID: 17657745 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common intraocular malignant tumour in childhood, with an incidence of 1 in 15,000 live births. Complete information on this rare tumour can be easily accessed through the internet, although many aspect concerning the aetiology and pathogenesis of the disease, are still controversial. The "two hit" theory, formulated in 1971 to explain the variegated clinical expression of the disease, is based on the idea that single gene mutation may determine the development of cancer. However, this view does not take into account the most recent evidences showing the role of aneuploidy and chromosome instability in cancer. Also, a number of other genes and epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the genesis of retinoblastoma. More importantly, the "two hit" theory makes predictions, concerning the age distribution of the tumour, its mode of "transmission" (hereditary retinoblastoma), and its pathogenesis, which are not fulfilled by the clinical reality. Overall, the "two hit" theory represents a rather simplistic and outdated model to explain tumour development and clinical evolution of retinoblastoma.
Collapse
|
46
|
Duensing A, Ghanem L, Steinman RA, Liu Y, Duensing S. p21(Waf1/Cip1) deficiency stimulates centriole overduplication. Cell Cycle 2006; 5:2899-902. [PMID: 17172866 PMCID: PMC2275058 DOI: 10.4161/cc.5.24.3567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21(Waf1/Cip1) (CDKN1; hereafter p21) has previously been implicated in the induction of numerical centrosome alterations. It is unclear, however, whether p21 deficiency deregulates the centrosome duplication cycle itself or causes an accumulation of centrosomes due to cell division failure and/or polyploidization. Using a novel marker for maternal centrioles, Cep170, we show here that knock-down of p21 protein expression in murine myeloblasts can stimulate excessive centriole numbers in the presence of only one mature centriole. These results indicate that p21 deficiency can trigger a bona fide overduplication of centrioles and that aberrant centrosome numbers cannot solely be explained by polyploidization as suggested by previous studies. Our findings underscore that impaired p21 expression may function as a driving force for chromosomal instability and highlight the importance of markers for maternal centrioles such as Cep170 to elucidate the pathogenesis of numerical centriole aberrations in tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anette Duensing
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Louis Ghanem
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Richard A. Steinman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Stefan Duensing
- Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Address correspondence to: Stefan Duensing, Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Research Pavilion Suite 1.8, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA, Phone: (412) 623-7719, Fax: (412) 623-7715, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nitta T, Kanai M, Sugihara E, Tanaka M, Sun B, Nagasawa T, Sonoda S, Saya H, Miwa M. Centrosome amplification in adult T-cell leukemia and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax-induced human T cells. Cancer Sci 2006; 97:836-41. [PMID: 16805820 PMCID: PMC11158807 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes play pivotal roles in cell polarity, regulation of the cell cycle and chromosomal segregation. Centrosome amplification was recently described as a possible cause of aneuploidy in certain solid tumors and leukemias. ATL is a T-cell malignancy caused by HTLV-1. Although the precise mechanism of cell transformation is unclear, the HTLV-1-encoded protein, Tax, is thought to play a crucial role in leukemogenesis. Here we demonstrate that lymphocytes isolated from patients with ATL show centrosome amplification and that a human T cell line shows centrosome amplification after induction of Tax, which was suppressed by CDK inhibitors. Micronuclei formation was also observed after centrosome amplification in Tax-induced human T cells. These findings suggest that Tax deregulates CDK activity and induces centrosome amplification, which might be associated with cellular transformation by HTLV-1 and chromosomal instability in HTLV-1-infected human T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nitta
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sugihara E, Kanai M, Saito S, Nitta T, Toyoshima H, Nakayama K, Nakayama KI, Fukasawa K, Schwab M, Saya H, Miwa M. Suppression of centrosome amplification after DNA damage depends on p27 accumulation. Cancer Res 2006; 66:4020-9. [PMID: 16618721 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-3250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The centrosome plays a fundamental role in cell division, cell polarity, and cell cycle progression. Centrosome duplication is mainly controlled by cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2)/cyclin E and cyclin A complexes, which are inhibited by the CDK inhibitors p21Cip1 and p27Kip1. It is thought that abnormal activation of CDK2 induces centrosome amplification that is frequently observed in a wide range of aggressive tumors. We previously reported that overexpression of the oncogene MYCN leads to centrosome amplification after DNA damage in neuroblastoma cells. We here show that centrosome amplification after gamma-irradiation was caused by suppression of p27 expression in MYCN-overexpressing cells. We further show that p27-/- and p27+/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts and p27-silenced human cells exhibited a significant increase in centrosome amplification after DNA damage. Moreover, abnormal mitotic cells with amplified centrosomes were frequently observed in p27-silenced cells. In response to DNA damage, the level of p27 gradually increased in normal cells independently of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated/p53 pathway, whereas Skp2, an F-box protein component of an SCF ubiquitin ligase complex that targets p27, was reduced. Additionally, p27 levels in MYCN-overexpressing cells were restored by treatment with Skp2 small interfering RNA, indicating that down-regulation of p27 by MYCN was due to high expression of Skp2. These results suggest that the accumulation of p27 after DNA damage is required for suppression of centrosome amplification, thereby preventing chromosomal instability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Sugihara
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Shiga, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Duensing A, Liu Y, Tseng M, Malumbres M, Barbacid M, Duensing S. Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 is dispensable for normal centrosome duplication but required for oncogene-induced centrosome overduplication. Oncogene 2006; 25:2943-9. [PMID: 16331279 PMCID: PMC2225596 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2005] [Revised: 10/24/2005] [Accepted: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) has been proposed to function as a master regulator of centrosome duplication. Using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) in which Cdk2 has been genetically deleted, we show here that CDK2 is not required for normal centrosome duplication, maturation and bipolar mitotic spindle formation. In contrast, Cdk2 deficiency completely abrogates aberrant centrosome duplication induced by a viral oncogene. Mechanistically, centrosome overduplication in MEFs wild-type for Cdk2 involves the formation of supernumerary immature centrosomes. These results indicate that normal and abnormal centrosome duplication have significantly different requirements for CDK2 activity and point to a role of CDK2 in licensing centrosomes for aberrant duplication. Furthermore, our findings suggest that CDK2 may be a suitable therapeutic target to inhibit centrosome-mediated chromosomal instability in tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Duensing
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Davy CE, Ayub M, Jackson DJ, Das P, McIntosh P, Doorbar J. HPV16 E1^E4 protein is phosphorylated by Cdk2/cyclin A and relocalizes this complex to the cytoplasm. Virology 2006; 349:230-44. [PMID: 16540140 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2005] [Revised: 12/20/2005] [Accepted: 02/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The human papillomavirus type 16 E1--E4 protein is expressed abundantly in cells supporting viral DNA amplification, but its expression is lost during malignant progression. In cell culture, 16E1--E4 causes G2 cell cycle arrest by associating with and preventing the nuclear entry of Cdk1/cyclin B1 complexes. Here, we show that 16E1--E4 is also able to associate with cyclin A and Cdk2 during the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Only a weak association was apparent during S-phase, and progression through S-phase appeared unaffected. As with cyclin B1, the interaction of 16E1--E4 with cyclin A is dependent on residues T22/T23 and results in the accumulation of cyclin A in the cytoplasm where it colocalizes with 16E1--E4. 16E1--E4 serine 32 was found to be phosphorylated by Cdk2/cyclin A. We hypothesize that the interaction of 16E1--E4 with cyclin A may serve to increase the efficiency with which 16E1--E4 is able to prevent mitotic entry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Davy
- Division of Virology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London NW7 1AA, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|