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Ochiai Y, Takahashi M, Matsuo T, Sasaki T, Sato Y, Fukasawa K, Araki T, Otsuka Y. Characteristics of long working hours and subsequent psychological and physical responses: JNIOSH cohort study. Occup Environ Med 2023; 80:304-311. [PMID: 37116959 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the prospective association among objectively measured average working hours (AWHs), frequency of long working hours (FLWHs; defined as ≥205 working hours/month (≥45 hours/week)) for 6 months, and workers' self-reported psychological and physical health. METHODS The study included 15 143 workers from 5 Japanese companies. We collected monthly attendance records over 6 months before distributing a questionnaire survey on psychological/physical stress responses and work-related demographics. We then evaluated the associations of those attendance records with psychological/physical measures using analysis of covariance adjusted for sex, age, employment, job type, working conditions, work site and experience of emergency state due to COVID-19. RESULTS Irritability, anxiety and depression were significantly greater at ≥180 hours (≥45 hours/week), and fatigue and lack of vigour were greater at ≥205 hours than those of the normal working-hour group (140-180 hours/month [35-45 hours/week]). Psychological indices increased significantly with FLWH, with ≥3 times for irritability, depression and fatigue; ≥2 times for lack of vigour; and ≥1 time for anxiety when compared with no long working hours. No significant associations were observed between AWH or FLWH and physical stress responses. CONCLUSIONS Longer AWH was associated with higher levels of psychological stress responses. The effects of FLWH in the past 6 months varied among the psychological stress responses and did not occur for physical complaints. Under circumstances requiring long hours, workers' mental health should be protected through minimising the frequency of long work hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ochiai
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masaya Takahashi
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Matsuo
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukasawa
- Advantage Risk Management Co Ltd, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- Advantage Risk Management Co Ltd, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Otsuka
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Sato Y, Takahashi M, Ochiai Y, Matsuo T, Sasaki T, Fukasawa K, Araki T, Tsuchiya M, Cohort Study GOJ. Study profile: protocol outline and study perspectives of the cohort by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan (JNIOSH cohort). Ind Health 2022; 60:395-404. [PMID: 34719602 PMCID: PMC9453565 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2021-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
How work burden affects physical and mental health has already been studied extensively; however, many issues have remained unexamined. In 2017, we commenced a prospective cohort study of workers at companies in Japan, with a follow-up period of 5-10 years, in order to investigate the current situation of overwork-related health outcomes. From 2017 to 2020, a target population of 150,000 workers across 8 companies was identified. Of these, almost 40,000 workers agreed to participate in the baseline survey. Data on working hours, medical check-up measurements, occupational stress levels, and lifestyle habits were collected. The average age of the participants at baseline was 39.2 ± 11.7 years; 73.1% were men, and 87.7% were regular employees. The most common working hours by self-reported was 41-50 hours per week during normal season, and it increased to more than 50 hours during busy season. Furthermore, more than half of the participants reportedly experienced a form of sleep problem, and the percentage of those who experienced nonrestorative sleep was particularly high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Japan, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Japan
| | - Masaya Takahashi
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Japan, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Japan
| | - Yuko Ochiai
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Japan, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Japan
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Matsuo
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Japan, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Japan, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Group Of Jniosh Cohort Study
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Japan, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Japan
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3
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Komine H, Fukasawa K, Akasaka M, Watari Y, Iwai N, Kaji K. Rapid behavioural responses of native frogs caused by past predation pressure from invasive mongooses. J Zool (1987) 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Komine
- Institute of Global Innovation Research Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Fuchu, Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Fukasawa
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Japan
| | - M. Akasaka
- Institute of Global Innovation Research Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Fuchu, Tokyo Japan
- Institute of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Fuchu, Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Watari
- Department of Wildlife Biology Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba Japan
| | - N. Iwai
- Institute of Global Innovation Research Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Fuchu, Tokyo Japan
- Institute of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Fuchu, Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Kaji
- Institute of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Fuchu, Tokyo Japan
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Kimura Y, Nakano M, Sakata Y, Nochioka K, Hasebe Y, Abe R, Chiba T, Fukasawa K, Oikawa T, Kasahara S, Miki K, Sato M, Shiroto T, Miyata S, Shimokawa H. 4376Clinical impacts of wide ORS morphologies on deterioration of left ventricular ejection fraction and fatal arrhythmias in patients with relatively preserved left ventricular ejection function. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.4376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kimura
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - M Nakano
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Y Sakata
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - K Nochioka
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Y Hasebe
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - R Abe
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - T Chiba
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - K Fukasawa
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - T Oikawa
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - S Kasahara
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - K Miki
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - M Sato
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - T Shiroto
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - S Miyata
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Evidence-based Cardiovascular Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - H Shimokawa
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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5
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Nanri A, Nakagawa T, Kuwahara K, Yamamoto S, Honda T, Okazaki H, Uehara A, Yamamoto M, Miyamoto T, Kochi T, Eguchi M, Murakami T, Shimizu C, Shimizu M, Tomita K, Nagahama S, Imai T, Nishihara A, Sasaki N, Hori A, Sakamoto N, Nishiura C, Totsuzaki T, Kato N, Fukasawa K, Hu H, Akter S, Kurotani K, Kabe I, Mizoue T, Sone T, Dohi S. Correction: Development of Risk Score for Predicting 3-Year Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199075. [PMID: 29879228 PMCID: PMC5991703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142779.].
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6
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Hata A, Takada MB, Nakashita R, Fukasawa K, Oshida T, Ishibashi Y, Sato Y. Stable isotope and
DNA
analyses reveal the spatial distribution of crop‐foraging brown bears. J Zool (1987) 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Hata
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Obihiro Japan
- Central Region Agricultural Research Center National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Tsukuba Japan
| | - M. B. Takada
- School of Agriculture and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - R. Nakashita
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba Japan
| | - K. Fukasawa
- National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Japan
| | - T. Oshida
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Obihiro Japan
| | - Y. Ishibashi
- Rakuno Gakuen University Ebetsu Japan
- Shimane Prefectural Government Western Agriculture and Forestry Promotion Center Shimane Japan
| | - Y. Sato
- Rakuno Gakuen University Ebetsu Japan
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7
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Fukasawa K, Ohba T, Kanoh H, Toyoda T, Kaneko K. Nanoscale Irregularity Analysis of Carbon Fibre Surfaces with a High-Resolution αS-Plot. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1260/0263617042879438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. Fukasawa
- Physical Chemistry, Material Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University, Yayoi 1-33, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - T. Ohba
- Physical Chemistry, Material Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University, Yayoi 1-33, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - H. Kanoh
- Physical Chemistry, Material Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University, Yayoi 1-33, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - T. Toyoda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Dannoharu 700, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - K. Kaneko
- Physical Chemistry, Material Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University, Yayoi 1-33, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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8
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Abstract
The presence of more than 2 centrosomes (centrosome amplification) leads to defective mitosis and chromosome segregation errors, is frequently found in a variety of cancer types, and believed to be the major cause of chromosome instability. One mechanism for generation of amplified centrosomes is over-duplication of centrosomes in a single cell cycle, which is expected to occur when cells are temporarily arrested. There are a growing number of kinases that are critical for induction and promotion of centrosome amplification in the cell cycle-arrested cells, including Rho-associated kinase (ROCK2), Polo-like kinase 2 (PLK2) and PLK4. Here, we tested whether these kinases induce centrosome amplification in a linear pathway or parallel pathways. We first confirmed that ROCK2, PLK2 and PLK4 are all essential for centrosomes to re-duplicate in the cells arrested by exposure to DNA synthesis inhibitor. Using the centrosome amplification rescue assay, we found that PLK2 indirectly activates ROCK2 via phosphorylating nucleophosmin (NPM), and PLK4 functions downstream of ROCK2 to drive centrosome amplification in the arrested cells.
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Key Words
- Aph, aphidicolin
- B23
- CDK2, Cyclin-dependent kinase 2
- DN, dominant-negative
- KD, kinase-dead
- MEFs, mouse embryonic fibroblasts
- NPM
- NPM, Nucleophosmin
- PLK2
- PLK2, Polo-like kinase 2
- PLK4
- PLK4, Polo-like kinase 4
- Puro, puromycin
- ROCK2
- ROCK2, Rho-(associated) kinase
- centrosome
- nucleophosmin
- polo-like kinase
- wt, wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Ling
- a Department of Molecular Oncology ; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute ; Tampa , FL USA
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9
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Akter S, Okazaki H, Kuwahara K, Miyamoto T, Murakami T, Shimizu C, Shimizu M, Tomita K, Nagahama S, Eguchi M, Kochi T, Imai T, Nishihara A, Sasaki N, Nakagawa T, Yamamoto S, Honda T, Uehara A, Yamamoto M, Hori A, Sakamoto N, Nishiura C, Totsuzaki T, Kato N, Fukasawa K, Pham NM, Kurotani K, Nanri A, Kabe I, Mizoue T, Sone T, Dohi S. Correction: Smoking, Smoking Cessation, and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes among Japanese Adults: Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137039. [PMID: 26305358 PMCID: PMC4549317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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10
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Akter S, Okazaki H, Kuwahara K, Miyamoto T, Murakami T, Shimizu C, Shimizu M, Tomita K, Nagahama S, Eguchi M, Kochi T, Imai T, Nishihara A, Sasaki N, Nakagawa T, Yamamoto S, Honda T, Uehara A, Yamamoto M, Hori A, Sakamoto N, Nishiura C, Totsuzaki T, Kato N, Fukasawa K, Pham NM, Kurotani K, Nanri A, Kabe I, Mizoue T, Sone T, Dohi S. Smoking, Smoking Cessation, and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes among Japanese Adults: Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26200457 PMCID: PMC4511672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To examine the association of smoking status, smoking intensity, and smoking cessation with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) using a large database. Methods The present study included 53,930 Japanese employees, aged 15 to 83 years, who received health check-up and did not have diabetes at baseline. Diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dl, random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dl, HbA1c ≥6.5% (≥48 mmol/mol), or receiving medication for diabetes. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to investigate the association between smoking and the risk of diabetes. Results During 3.9 years of median follow-up, 2,441 (4.5%) individuals developed T2D. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) for diabetes were 1 (reference), 1.16 (1.04 to 1.30) and 1.34 (1.22 to 1.48) for never smokers, former smokers, and current smokers, respectively. Diabetes risk increased with increasing numbers of cigarette consumption among current smokers (P for trend <0.001). Although the relative risk of diabetes was greater among subjects with lower BMIs (< 23 kg/m2), attributable risk was greater in subjects with higher BMIs (≥ 23 kg/m2). Compared with individuals who had never smoked, former smokers who quit less than 5 years, 5 to 9 years, and 10 years or more exhibited hazards ratios for diabetes of 1.36 (1.14 to 1.62), 1.23 (1.01 to 1.51), and 1.02 (0.85 to 1.23), respectively. Conclusions Results suggest that cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of T2D, which may decrease to the level of a never smoker after 10 years of smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamima Akter
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Keisuke Kuwahara
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Miyamoto
- Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Kimitsu Works, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Naoko Sasaki
- Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ai Hori
- Department of Safety and Health, Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Chiro Nishiura
- Department of Safety and Health, Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Ngoc M. Pham
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam
| | - Kayo Kurotani
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Nanri
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isamu Kabe
- Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Seitaro Dohi
- National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
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11
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Peng L, Yuan Z, Li Y, Ling H, Izumi V, Fang B, Fukasawa K, Koomen J, Chen J, Seto E. Ubiquitinated sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) function is modulated during DNA damage-induced cell death and survival. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8904-12. [PMID: 25670865 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.612796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Downstream signaling of physiological and pathological cell responses depends on post-translational modification such as ubiquitination. The mechanisms regulating downstream DNA damage response (DDR) signaling are not completely elucidated. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), the founding member of Class III histone deacetylases, regulates multiple steps in DDR and is closely associated with many physiological and pathological processes. However, the role of post-translational modification or ubiquitination of SIRT1 during DDR is unclear. We show that SIRT1 is dynamically and distinctly ubiquitinated in response to DNA damage. SIRT1 was ubiquitinated by the MDM2 E3 ligase in vitro and in vivo. SIRT1 ubiquitination under normal conditions had no effect on its enzymatic activity or rate of degradation; hypo-ubiquitination, however, reduced SIRT1 nuclear localization. Ubiquitination of SIRT1 affected its function in cell death and survival in response to DNA damage. Our results suggest that ubiquitination is required for SIRT1 function during DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Peng
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Zhigang Yuan
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Yixuan Li
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Hongbo Ling
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Victoria Izumi
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Bin Fang
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Kenji Fukasawa
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - John Koomen
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Jiandong Chen
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Edward Seto
- From the Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
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Tarapore P, Okuda M, Fukasawa K. A Mammalian In Vitro Centriole Duplication System: Evidence for Involvement of CDK2/Cyclin E and Nucleophosmin/B23 in Centrosome Duplication. Cell Cycle 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/cc.1.1.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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13
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Hori A, Nanri A, Sakamoto N, Kuwahara K, Nagahama S, Kato N, Fukasawa K, Nakamoto K, Ohtsu M, Matsui A, Kochi T, Eguchi M, Imai T, Nishihara A, Tomita K, Murakami T, Shimizu C, Shimizu M, Miyamoto T, Uehara A, Yamamoto M, Nakagawa T, Yamamoto S, Honda T, Okazaki H, Sasaki N, Kurotani K, Pham NM, Kabe I, Mizoue T, Sone T, Dohi S. Comparison of body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio for predicting the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors by age in Japanese workers--Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health study. Circ J 2014; 78:1160-8. [PMID: 24662439 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) has been suggested as a better screening tool than body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) for assessing cardiometabolic risk. However, most previous studies did not consider age. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants were 45,618 men and 8,092 women aged 15-84 years who received periodic health checkups in 9 companies in Japan. Clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors was defined by the existence of 2 or more of high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. In both men and women, unadjusted area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver-operating characteristic curve for WHtR in detecting the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors was significantly higher than that for either BMI or WC; the AUCs for WHtR, BMI, and WC, respectively, were 0.734, 0.705, and 0.717 in men and 0.782, 0.762, and 0.755 in women. After adjustment for age, however, such differences were not observed; the corresponding values were 0.702, 0.701, and 0.696 in men. In women, the age-adjusted AUC for BMI was slightly higher than for other indices (WHtR, 0.721; BMI, 0.726; WC, 0.707). CONCLUSIONS The screening performance of WHtR for detecting the clustering cardiometabolic risk factors was not superior to that of BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Hori
- Department of Safety and Health, Tokyo Gas Co, Ltd
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14
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Miyadera K, Kato M, Takahashi I, Ito K, Aoyagi Y, Fukasawa K, Sagara T, Yonekura K, Iwasawa Y, Utsugi T. 142 TAS-2913 is a Mutant Selective EGFR Inhibitor for NSCLC: Characterization Against EGFR T790M in Cell and Xenograft Models. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Centrosome duplication is controlled both negatively and positively by a number of proteins. The activities and stabilities of those regulatory proteins are in many cases controlled by posttranslational modifications. Although acetylation and deacetylation are highly common posttranslational modifications, their roles in the regulation of centrosome duplication had not been closely examined. Here, through focusing on the deacetylases, we investigated the role of acetylation/deacetylation in the regulation of centrosome duplication and induction of abnormal amplification of centrosomes. We found that the deacetylation event negatively controls centrosome duplication and amplification. Of the 18 total known deacetylases (HDAC1-11, SIRT1-7), ten deacetylases possess the activity to suppress centrosome amplification, and their centrosome amplification suppressing activities are strongly associated with their abilities to localize to centrosomes. Among them, HDAC1, HDAC5 and SIRT1 show the highest suppressing activities, but each of them suppresses centrosome duplication and/or amplification with its unique mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Ling
- Molecular Oncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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16
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Tarapore P, Hanashiro K, Fukasawa K. Analysis of centrosome localization of BRCA1 and its activity in suppressing centrosomal aster formation. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:2931-46. [PMID: 22833046 DOI: 10.4161/cc.21396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1, a product of a familial breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene, localizes to centrosomes and physically interacts with γ-tubulin, a key centrosomal protein for microtubule nucleation and anchoring at centrosomes. Here, we performed a rigorous analysis of centrosome localization of BRCA1, and found that BRCA1 is specifically associated with mother centrioles in unduplicated centrosomes, and daughter centrioles acquire BRCA1 prior to initiation of duplication, and thus duplicated centrosomes are both bound by BRCA1. We further found that BRCA1 suppresses centrosomal aster formation. In addition, we identified a new domain of BRCA1 critical for γ-tubulin binding, which confers not only its localization to centrosomes, but also its activity to suppress centrosomal aster formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pheruza Tarapore
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Reboutier D, Troadec MB, Cremet JY, Fukasawa K, Prigent C. Nucleophosmin/B23 activates Aurora A at the centrosome through phosphorylation of serine 89. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 197:19-26. [PMID: 22451695 PMCID: PMC3317798 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201107134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aurora A, which is known to be activated by autophosphorylation at Thr288, is also locally activated during centrosomal maturation by nucleophosmin-mediated phosphorylation at Ser89. Aurora A (AurA) is a major mitotic protein kinase involved in centrosome maturation and spindle assembly. Nucleophosmin/B23 (NPM) is a pleiotropic nucleolar protein involved in a variety of cellular processes including centrosome maturation. In the present study, we report that NPM is a strong activator of AurA kinase activity. NPM and AurA coimmunoprecipitate and colocalize to centrosomes in G2 phase, where AurA becomes active. In contrast with previously characterized AurA activators, NPM does not trigger autophosphorylation of AurA on threonine 288. NPM induces phosphorylation of AurA on serine 89, and this phosphorylation is necessary for activation of AurA. These data were confirmed in vivo, as depletion of NPM by ribonucleic acid interference eliminated phosphorylation of CDC25B on S353 at the centrosome, indicating a local loss of AurA activity. Our data demonstrate that NPM is a strong activator of AurA kinase activity at the centrosome and support a novel mechanism of activation for AurA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reboutier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR6290, 35043 Rennes, France
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18
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Abstract
The centrosome that functions as a microtubule organizing center of a cell plays a key role in formation of bipolar mitotic spindles. Cells normally have either one (unduplicated) or two (duplicated) centrosomes. However, loss of the mechanisms controlling the numeral integrity of centrosomes leads to centrosome amplification (presence of more than two centrosomes), primarily via overduplication or fragmentation of centrosomes, resulting in defective mitosis and consequentially chromosome instability. Centrosome amplification frequently occurs in various cancers, and is considered as a major cause of chromosome instability. It has recently been found that ROCK2 kinase plays a critical role in promotion of centrosome duplication and amplification. Considering that ROCK2 is activated by Rho protein, and Rho is the immediate downstream target of many growth and hormone receptors, it is possible that such receptors may rather directly affect centrosome duplication and amplification. Indeed, constitutive activation of the receptors known to signal to the Rho pathway leads to promotion of centrosome amplification and chromosome instability in the Rho-ROCK2 pathway-dependent manner. These observations reveal an unexplored, yet important, oncogenic activities of those receptors in carcinogenesis; destabilizing chromosomes through promotion of centrosome amplification via continual activation of the Rho-ROCK2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Fukasawa
- Molecular Oncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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19
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Hanashiro K, Brancaccio M, Fukasawa K. Activated ROCK II by-passes the requirement of the CDK2 activity for centrosome duplication and amplification. Oncogene 2011; 30:2188-97. [PMID: 21242972 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Initiation of centrosome duplication and DNA replication is coupled, which is primarily achieved by the late G1 phase-specific activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2)-cyclin E, which triggers both centrosome duplication and DNA replication. Uncoupling of these two events contributes to overduplication of centrosomes, resulting in the presence of more than two centrosomes (centrosome amplification). Centrosome amplification, which is frequently observed in cancers, contributes to tumor development through destabilizing genomes. Nucleophosmin (NPM/B23) is one of the phosphorylation targets of CDK2-cyclin E for the initiation of centrosome duplication. It has been found that NPM/B23 phosphorylated on Thr199 by CDK2-cyclin E acquires a high binding affinity to ROCK II kinase. The Thr199-phosphorylated NPM/B23 physically interacts with and super-activates the centrosomally localized ROCK II, which is a critical event for centrosomes to initiate duplication. Here, we provide direct evidence for the activation of ROCK II as a primary and sufficient downstream event of CDK2-cyclin E for the initiation of centrosome duplication and for the induction of centrosome amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hanashiro
- Molecular Oncology Program, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612-9416, USA
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20
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Abstract
CDK2-cyclin E triggers centrosome duplication, and nucleophosmin (NPM/B23) is found to be one of its targets. NPM/B23 phosphorylated by CDK2-cyclin E acquires a high binding affinity to Rho-associated kinase (ROCK II), and physically associates with ROCK II. The NPM/B23-binding results in super-activation of ROCK II, which is a critical event for initiation of centrosome duplication. The activation of ROCK II also requires the binding of Rho small GTPase to the auto-inhibitory region; hence the availability of the active Rho protein is an important aspect of the centrosomally localized ROCK II to properly initiate centrosome duplication. There are three isoforms of Rho (RhoA, B, and C), all of which are capable of binding to and priming the activation of ROCK II. Here, we investigated which Rho isoform(s) are involved in the activation of ROCK II in respect to the initiation of centrosome duplication. We found that both RhoA and RhoC, but not RhoB, were required for initiation of centrosome duplication, and over-activation of RhoA as well as RhoC, but not RhoB, promoted centrosome duplication and centrosome amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kanai
- Molecular Oncology Program, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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21
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Takahashi M, Nakata A, Haratani T, Otsuka Y, Kaida K, Fukasawa K. Psychosocial Work Characteristics Predicting Daytime Sleepiness in Day and Shift Workers. Chronobiol Int 2009; 23:1409-22. [PMID: 17190723 DOI: 10.1080/07420520601100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Characteristics of work organization other than working time arrangements may contribute importantly to daytime sleepiness. The present study was designed to identify the psychosocial factors at work that predict daytime sleepiness in a sample of day and shift workers. Participants working at a pulp and chemical factory completed an annual questionnaire regarding psychosocial factors at work using the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Generic Job Stress Questionnaire (i.e., quantitative workload, variance in workload, job control, support from supervisor, coworkers, or family/friends, job satisfaction, and depressive symptoms), as well as daytime sleepiness (through the Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]) and sleep disturbances for three years starting in 2002 (response rates, 94.6-99.0%). The present analysis included 55 day workers (11 women) and 57 shift workers (all men) who participated in all three years of the study, worked under the same work schedule throughout the study period, and had no missing data on any of the daytime sleep items. A repeated-measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the effects of work schedule (day vs. shift work) and psychosocial factors at work in 2002 on the ESS scores in subsequent years, with sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, chronic diseases, and sleepiness levels at baseline as covariates. Given significant and near-significant interactions of work schedules with psychosocial factor or study year, the ANCOVA, with the factors of psychosocial work characteristics and study year, was performed by type of work schedule. The results indicated a significant main effect of psychosocial work characteristics (p = 0.010, partial eng2 = 0.14) and an almost significant main effect of study year (p = 0.067, partial eng2 = 0.06) and interaction between psychosocial work characteristics and study year (p = 0.085, partial eng2 = 0.06) for variance in workload among the day work group. The day workers reporting high variance in workload in 2002 exhibited significantly higher ESS scores in 2003 and 2004 than did those reporting low variance in workload. The ANCOVA for the shift work group showed a main effect of psychosocial work characteristics for job satisfaction (p = 0.026, partial eng2 = 0.10) and depressive symptoms (p = 0.094, partial eng2 = 0.06) with the interaction between psychosocial work characteristics and study year for job satisfaction (p = 0.172, partial eng2 = 0.04) and depressive symptoms (p = 0.035, partial eng2 = 0.07). The shift workers with low job satisfaction and high symptoms of depression in 2002 showed significantly greater ESS scores in 2003 and/or 2004 than did those with opposite characteristics. These results may suggest a potential predictive value of variance in workload for day workers as well as job satisfaction and depressive symptoms for shift workers with respect to daytime sleepiness. The present findings may imply that redesigning these aspects of work environment would be of help in managing daytime sleepiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Takahashi
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Japan.
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22
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Shinmura K, Iwaizumi M, Igarashi H, Nagura K, Yamada H, Suzuki M, Fukasawa K, Sugimura H. Induction of centrosome amplification and chromosome instability in p53-deficient lung cancer cells exposed to benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (B[a]PDE). J Pathol 2008; 216:365-74. [PMID: 18788085 DOI: 10.1002/path.2422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (B[a]PDE), the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of benzo[a] pyrene, has been implicated in the mutagenesis of the p53 gene involved in smoking-associated lung cancer. To further understand the role of B[a]PDE in lung tumour progression, we investigated its effect on the numerical integrity of centrosomes and chromosome stability in lung cancer cells lacking p53. Exposure of p53-deficient H1299 lung cancer cells to B[a]PDE resulted in S-phase arrest, leading to abnormal centrosome amplification. Analysis of H1299 cells stably expressing fluorescence-tagged centrin (a known centriolar marker) revealed that the centrosome amplification was primarily attributable to excessive centrosome duplication rather than to centriole splitting. Forced expression of POLK DNA polymerase, which has the ability to bypass B[a]PDE-guanine lesions in an error-free manner, suppressed the B[a]PDE-induced centrosome amplification. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses with probes specific for chromosomes 2, 3, and 16 revealed that B[a]PDE exposure also led to chromosome instability, which was likely to have resulted from centrosome amplification. We extended these findings to primary lung carcinomas containing non-functional p53, and found a strong association between centrosome amplification and a high level of B[a]PDE-DNA accumulation. Therefore B[a]PDE contributes to neoplasia by inducing centrosome amplification and consequent chromosome destabilization as well as its mutagenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shinmura
- 1st Department of Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Abstract
Waters derived from remote 'wilderness' locations have been assumed to be largely free of bacterial contamination and thus such, near-pristine, protected catchments, unused for agriculture, have been first in the multiple line of protection (pristine catchment-long storage-treatment-disinfection) employed by the water industry. This assumption is challenged by a bacterial survey of the waters derived from the New Cairngorm National Park, Scotland. Over 480 spot samples were taken for 59 sites between March 2001 and October 2002 during nine field campaigns each of three to five days duration. Over 75% of samples tested positive for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and 85% for total coliforms. Concentrations displayed both temporal and spatial patterns. Largest values occurred over the summer months and particularly at weekends at sites frequented by visitors, either for 'wild' camping or day visits, or where water was drawn from the river for drinking. Overall the spatial and temporal variations in bacterial concentrations suggest a relationship with visitor numbers and in particular wild camping. The implications of the results for drinking water quality and visitors health are discussed along with possible management options for the area in terms of improving the disposal of human waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T McDonald
- Earth and Biosphere Institute, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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24
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Hanashiro K, Kanai M, Geng Y, Sicinski P, Fukasawa K. Roles of cyclins A and E in induction of centrosome amplification in p53-compromised cells. Oncogene 2008; 27:5288-302. [PMID: 18490919 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal amplification of centrosomes, which occurs frequently in cancers, leads to high frequencies of mitotic defect and chromosome segregation error, profoundly affecting the rate of tumor progression. Centrosome amplification results primarily from overduplication of centrosomes, and p53 is involved in the regulation of centrosome duplication partly through controlling the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2-cyclin E, a kinase complex critical for the initiation of centrosome duplication. Thus, loss or mutational inactivation of p53 leads to an increased frequency of centrosome amplification. Moreover, the status of cyclin E greatly influences the frequency of centrosome amplification in cells lacking functional p53. Here, we dissected the roles of CDK2-associating cyclins, namely cyclins E and A, in centrosome amplification in the p53-negative cells. We found that loss of cyclin E was readily compensated by cyclin A for triggering the initiation of centrosome duplication, and thus the centrosome duplication kinetics was not significantly altered in cyclin E-deficient cells. It has been shown that cells lacking functional p53, when arrested in either early S-phase or late G(2) phase, continue to reduplicate centrosomes, resulting in centrosome amplification. In cells arrested in early S phase, cyclin E, but not cyclin A, is important in centrosome amplification, whereas in the absence of cyclin E, cyclin A is important for centrosome amplification. In late G(2)-arrested cells, cyclin A is important in centrosome amplification irrespective of the cyclin E status. These findings advance our understandings of the mechanisms underlying the numeral abnormality of centrosomes and consequential genomic instability associated with loss of p53 function and aberrant expression of cyclins E and A in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hanashiro
- Molecular Oncology Program, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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25
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Fukasawa K. P53, cyclin-dependent kinase and abnormal amplification of centrosomes. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2008; 1786:15-23. [PMID: 18472015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2007] [Revised: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Centrosomes play a critical role in formation of bipolar mitotic spindles, an essential event for accurate chromosome segregation into daughter cells. Numeral abnormalities of centrosomes (centrosome amplification) occur frequently in cancers, and are considered to be the major cause of chromosome instability, which accelerates acquisition of malignant phenotypes during tumor progression. Loss or mutational inactivation of p53 tumor suppressor protein, one of the most common mutations found in cancers, results in a high frequency of centrosome amplification in part via allowing the activation of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2-cyclin E (as well as CDK2-cyclin A) which is a key factor for the initiation of centrosome duplication. In this review, the role of centrosome amplification in tumor progression, and mechanistic view of how centrosomes are amplified in cells through focusing on loss of p53 and aberrant activities of CDK2-cyclins will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Fukasawa
- Molecular Oncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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26
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Abstract
Chromosome instability, which is equated to mitotic defects and consequential chromosome segregation errors, provides a formidable basis for the acquisition of further malignant phenotypes during tumour progression. Centrosomes have a crucial role in the formation of bipolar mitotic spindles, which are essential for accurate chromosome segregation. Mutations of certain oncogenic and tumour-suppressor proteins directly induce chromosome instability by disrupting the normal function and numeral integrity of centrosomes. How these proteins control centrosome duplication and function, and how their mutational activation and/or inactivation results in numeral and functional centrosome abnormalities, is discussed in this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Fukasawa
- Molecular Oncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
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27
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Kanai M, Hanashiro K, Kim SH, Hanai S, Boulares AH, Miwa M, Fukasawa K. Inhibition of Crm1-p53 interaction and nuclear export of p53 by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. Nat Cell Biol 2007; 9:1175-83. [PMID: 17891139 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and p53 are two key proteins in the DNA-damage response. Although PARP-1 is known to poly(ADP-ribosyl)ate p53, the role of this modification remains elusive. Here, we identify the major poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated sites of p53 by PARP-1 and find that PARP-1-mediated poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation blocks the interaction between p53 and the nuclear export receptor Crm1, resulting in nuclear accumulation of p53. These findings molecularly link PARP-1 and p53 in the DNA-damage response, providing the mechanism for how p53 accumulates in the nucleus in response to DNA damage. PARP-1 becomes super-activated by binding to damaged DNA, which in turn poly(ADP-ribosyl)ates p53. The nuclear export machinery is unable to target poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated p53, promoting accumulation of p53 in the nucleus where p53 exerts its transactivational function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kanai
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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28
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Abstract
Mortalin is a member of Hsp70 chaperoning protein family involved in various cellular functions. Through the search of the kinases that mortalin physically interact with, we identified Mps1 as such a kinase. Mps1 kinase has been implicated in the regulation of centrosome duplication and mitotic checkpoint response. Mortalin binds to Mps1, and is phosphorylated by Mps1 on Thr62 and Ser65. The phosphorylated mortalin then super-activates Mps1 in a feedback manner. Mortalin has been previously shown to localize to centrosomes, and to be involved in the regulation of centrosome duplication. We found that centrosomal localization of mortalin depends on the presence of Mps1. Moreover, Mps1-associated acceleration of centrosome duplication depends on the presence of mortalin and super-activation by the Thr62/Ser65 phosphorylated mortalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kanai
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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29
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Liu X, Liu Z, Jang SW, Ma Z, Shinmura K, Kang S, Dong S, Chen J, Fukasawa K, Ye K. Sumoylation of nucleophosmin/B23 regulates its subcellular localization, mediating cell proliferation and survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:9679-84. [PMID: 17535915 PMCID: PMC1887583 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0701806104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin/B23 is a major multifunctional nucleolar phosphoprotein that plays a critical role in ribosome biogenesis and cell proliferation. Arf tumor suppressor binds B23 and enhances its sumoylation. However, the biological effects of this event remain unknown. Here we show that B23 is sumoylated on both Lysine 230 and 263 residues, but the latter is the major one. Mutation of K263, but not K230, into R abolishes its centrosomal and nucleolar residency. Moreover, Rb binds to wild-type B23, but fails to interact with K263R. Sumoylation enhances B23 binding to Rb. Consequently, B23 potently stimulates E2F1-mediated transcriptional activity, which is abolished in B23 K263R. Further, K263R mutation makes B23 vulnerable to caspase-3 cleavage and sensitizes cells to apoptosis. Surprisingly, K230R mutant strongly binds to phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate and suppresses DNA fragmentation. Thus, B23 sumoylation regulates its subcellular localization, cell proliferation, and survival activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- *Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Zhixue Liu
- *Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | | | - Zhiyong Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, P.O. Box 670521, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521
| | - Kazuya Shinmura
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, P.O. Box 670521, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521
| | - Sumin Kang
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Shaozhong Dong
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Jing Chen
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Kenji Fukasawa
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, P.O. Box 670521, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521
| | - Keqiang Ye
- *Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Otsuka Y, Takahashi M, Nakata A, Haratani T, Kaida K, Fukasawa K, Hanada T, Ito A. Sickness absence in relation to psychosocial work factors among daytime workers in an electric equipment manufacturing company. Ind Health 2007; 45:224-31. [PMID: 17485866 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.45.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Associations between psychosocial work factors and sickness absence were investigated in a cross-sectional study of 833 daytime workers. Participants completed a questionnaire regarding psychosocial work factors using the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Generic Job Stress Questionnaire (job control, quantitative workload, cognitive demands, variance in workload, intragroup conflict, intergroup conflict, supervisor support, coworker support, family support, job satisfaction and depressive symptoms) and the number of days of sickness absence within the previous year. Multivariate analyses of covariance with age and occupation as covariates (MANCOVA) were used to test the relationships between psychosocial work factors and sickness absence stratified by sex. In men, the age-adjusted MANCOVA showed that, quantitative workload was highest in the 0.5-4.5 d of sickness absence group (p<0.001). However, the levels of stress reactions (job satisfaction and depressive symptoms) in this group were almost identical to the levels recorded in the no sickness absence group. In contrast, low levels of job control (p<0.01), supervisor support (p<0.05), and job satisfaction (p<0.01) and higher symptoms of depression (p<0.001) were associated with 5 d or more sickness absence. In women, only high job satisfaction was associated with 5 d or more sickness absence (p<0.10). This study suggests that appropriate use of sickness absence at times of being exposed to high quantitative workload may help male workers to recover from stressful situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Otsuka
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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31
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Fukasawa K, Aikawa H, Okazaki I, Haratani T, Takahashi M, Nakata A, Otsuka Y, Kaida K, Hanada T. Perceived sleepiness of non-shift working men in two different types of work organization. J Occup Health 2006; 48:230-8. [PMID: 16902266 DOI: 10.1539/joh.48.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased sleepiness at work is increasingly being focused on as a safety and health issue. However, research on workers' sleepiness is very limited in scope and the characteristics of work organization, including the impact of job stress, have not been fully addressed. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence of daytime sleepiness and its associated factors among non-shift working men at two manufacturing businesses: Company A, having a rapid rate of development and growth, with 564 workers (19-61 yr old, mean age: 32.7, response rate: 81.4%); and Company B, long established, possessing a huge production facility, with 1,654 workers (20-63 yr old, mean age: 37.1, response rate: 78.2%). The prevalence of daytime sleepiness was 11.3% in company A and 16.8% in company B. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that, in company A, perceived sleepiness was associated with long sleep duration on non-working days and high cognitive demands and, in company B, with insufficient daily sleep, single, and depression. Psychosomatic exhaustion resulting from jobs requiring high adaptivity due to rapid frequency of operational change as in company A may have the potential to become an important factor in perceived sleepiness. However, in a comparatively stable work organization, as in company B, increased sleepiness may be mainly linked to factors outside work. It is suggested that not only lifestyle and sleep habits, but also the characteristics and dynamics of a work organization should be a focus of attention when planning measures to prevent sleepiness at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Fukasawa
- Department of Basic Clinical Science and Public Health, Tokai University School of Medicine, Japan.
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32
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Shinmura K, Bennett RA, Tarapore P, Fukasawa K. Direct evidence for the role of centrosomally localized p53 in the regulation of centrosome duplication. Oncogene 2006; 26:2939-44. [PMID: 17072342 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal amplification of centrosomes is the major cause of mitotic defects and chromosome instability in cancer cells. Centrosomes duplicate once in each cell cycle, and abrogation of the regulatory mechanism underlying centrosome duplication leads to centrosome amplification. p53 tumor suppressor protein is involved in the regulation of centrosome duplication: loss of p53 as well as expression of certain p53 mutants result in deregulated centrosome duplication and centrosome amplification. p53 at least in part depends on its transactivation function to control centrosome duplication, primarily via upregulation of p21 cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, which prevents untimely activation of CDK2/cyclin E, a key initiator of centrosome duplication. However, numerous studies have shown the presence of p53 at centrosomes, yet the role of the centrosomally localized p53 in the regulation of centrosome duplication had been enigmatic. Here, we comparatively examined wild-type p53 and p53 mutants that are transactivation(+)/centrosome-binding(-), transactivation(-)/centrosome-binding(+) and transactivation(-)/centrosome-binding(-) for their abilities to control centrosome duplication. We found that the transactivation(+)/centrosome-binding(-) and transactivation(-)/centrosome-binding(+) mutants suppress centrosome duplication only partially compared with wild-type p53. Moreover, the transactivation(-)/centrosome-binding(-) mutant almost completely lost the ability to suppress centrosome duplication. These observations provide direct evidence for the centrosomally localized p53 to participate in the regulation of centrosome duplication in a manner independent of its transactivation function in addition to its transactivation-dependent regulation of centrosome duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shinmura
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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33
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Ma Z, Kanai M, Kawamura K, Kaibuchi K, Ye K, Fukasawa K. Interaction between ROCK II and nucleophosmin/B23 in the regulation of centrosome duplication. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:9016-34. [PMID: 17015463 PMCID: PMC1636820 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01383-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM)/B23 has been implicated in the regulation of centrosome duplication. NPM/B23 localizes between two centrioles in the unduplicated centrosome. Upon phosphorylation on Thr(199) by cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2)/cyclin E, the majority of centrosomal NPM/B23 dissociates from centrosomes, but some NPM/B23 phosphorylated on Thr(199) remains at centrosomes. It has been shown that Thr(199) phosphorylation of NPM/B23 is critical for the physical separation of the paired centrioles, an initial event of the centrosome duplication process. Here, we identified ROCK II kinase, an effector of Rho small GTPase, as a protein that localizes to centrosomes and physically interacts with NPM/B23. Expression of the constitutively active form of ROCK II promotes centrosome duplication, while down-regulation of ROCK II expression results in the suppression of centrosome duplication, especially delaying the initiation of centrosome duplication during the cell cycle. Moreover, ROCK II regulates centrosome duplication in its kinase and centrosome localization activity-dependent manner. We further found that ROCK II kinase activity is significantly enhanced by binding to NPM/B23 and that NPM/B23 acquires a higher binding affinity to ROCK II upon phosphorylation on Thr(199). Moreover, physical interaction between ROCK II and NPM/B23 in vivo occurs in association with CDK2/cyclin E activation and the emergence of Thr(199)-phosphorylated NPM/B23. All these findings point to ROCK II as the effector of the CDK2/cyclin E-NPM/B23 pathway in the regulation of centrosome duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3125 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521, USA
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Sugihara E, Kanai M, Saito S, Nitta T, Toyoshima H, Nakayama K, Nakayama KI, Fukasawa K, Schwab M, Saya H, Miwa M. Suppression of centrosome amplification after DNA damage depends on p27 accumulation. Cancer Res 2006; 66:4020-9. [PMID: 16618721 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-3250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The centrosome plays a fundamental role in cell division, cell polarity, and cell cycle progression. Centrosome duplication is mainly controlled by cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2)/cyclin E and cyclin A complexes, which are inhibited by the CDK inhibitors p21Cip1 and p27Kip1. It is thought that abnormal activation of CDK2 induces centrosome amplification that is frequently observed in a wide range of aggressive tumors. We previously reported that overexpression of the oncogene MYCN leads to centrosome amplification after DNA damage in neuroblastoma cells. We here show that centrosome amplification after gamma-irradiation was caused by suppression of p27 expression in MYCN-overexpressing cells. We further show that p27-/- and p27+/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts and p27-silenced human cells exhibited a significant increase in centrosome amplification after DNA damage. Moreover, abnormal mitotic cells with amplified centrosomes were frequently observed in p27-silenced cells. In response to DNA damage, the level of p27 gradually increased in normal cells independently of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated/p53 pathway, whereas Skp2, an F-box protein component of an SCF ubiquitin ligase complex that targets p27, was reduced. Additionally, p27 levels in MYCN-overexpressing cells were restored by treatment with Skp2 small interfering RNA, indicating that down-regulation of p27 by MYCN was due to high expression of Skp2. These results suggest that the accumulation of p27 after DNA damage is required for suppression of centrosome amplification, thereby preventing chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Sugihara
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Shiga, Japan
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Kaida K, Takahashi M, Akerstedt T, Nakata A, Otsuka Y, Haratani T, Fukasawa K. Validation of the Karolinska sleepiness scale against performance and EEG variables. Clin Neurophysiol 2006; 117:1574-81. [PMID: 16679057 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2005] [Revised: 03/03/2006] [Accepted: 03/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Karolinska sleepiness scale (KSS) is frequently used for evaluating subjective sleepiness. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the KSS with electroencephalographic, behavioral and other subjective indicators of sleepiness. METHODS Participants were 16 healthy females aged 33-43 (38.1+/-2.68) years. The experiment involved 8 measurement sessions per day for 3 consecutive days. Each session contained the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT), the Karolinska drowsiness test (KDT-EEG alpha & theta power), the alpha attenuation test (AAT-alpha power ratio open/closed eyes) and the KSS. RESULTS Median reaction time, number of lapses, alpha and theta power density and the alpha attenuation coefficients (AAC) showed highly significant increase with increasing KSS. The same variables were also significantly correlated with KSS, with a mean value for lapses (r=0.56). CONCLUSIONS The KSS was closely related to EEG and behavioral variables, indicating a high validity in measuring sleepiness. SIGNIFICANCE KSS ratings may be a useful proxy for EEG or behavioral indicators of sleepiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kaida
- Japan National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan.
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Abstract
Abnormal amplification of centrosomes, commonly found in human cancer, is the major cause of mitotic defects and chromosome instability in cancer cells. Like DNA, centrosomes duplicate once in each cell cycle, hence the defect in the mechanism that ensures centrosome duplication to occur once and only once in each cell cycle results in abnormal amplification of centrosomes and mitotic defects. Centrosomes are non-membranous organelles, and undergo dynamic changes in its constituents during the centrosome duplication cycle. Through a comparative mass spectrometric analysis of unduplicated and duplicated centrosomes, we identified mortalin, a member of heat shock protein family, as a protein that associates preferentially with duplicated centrosomes. Further analysis revealed that mortalin localized to centrosomes in late G1 before centrosome duplication, remained at centrosomes during S and G2, and dissociated from centrosomes during mitosis. Overexpression of mortalin overrides the p53-dependent suppression of centrosome duplication, and mortalin-driven centrosome duplication requires physical interaction between mortalin and p53. Moreover, mortalin promotes dissociation of p53 from centrosomes through physical interaction. The p53 mutant that lacks the ability to bind to mortalin remains at centrosomes, and suppresses centrosome duplication in a transactivation function-independent manner. Thus, our present findings not only identify mortalin as an upstream molecule of p53 but also provide evidence for the involvement of centrosomally localized p53 in the regulation of centrosome duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521, USA
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Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The present study examined the effects of indoor exposure to natural bright light on afternoon sleepiness. DESIGN Participants took part in 3 experimental conditions: (1) a natural bright light condition in which they carried out performance and arousal tests sitting near a window (3260.0 +/- 1812.43 lux) from 12:40 PM to 1:10 PM, (2) a nap condition in which they were provided a nap opportunity for 20 minutes from 12:45 PM, and (3) a control condition in which they performed the tests in less than 100 lux surroundings from 12:40 PM to 1:10 PM. Before and after each treatment, the same series of tests were administered. SETTING A temperature- and light-controlled sleep laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Sixteen healthy female paid volunteers aged 33 to 43 (38.1 +/- 2.68) years. INTERVENTIONS Indoor natural bright light and a short nap. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Arousal levels were measured by the Psychomotor Vigilance Task, Alpha Attenuation Test, Karolinska Drowsiness Test, and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. The tests were repeated every 30 minutes from 11:00 AM to 4:10 PM. Ambient light intensity was maintained at less than 100 lux, except during natural bright light exposure. Short-term exposure to natural bright light significantly improved afternoon arousal levels, as measured by the Karolinska Drowsiness Test and Alpha Attenuation Test, the effects of which continued for at least 60 minutes (1:10-2:10 PM). However, no significant differences were observed between conditions for Psychomotor Vigilance Test performance. CONCLUSIONS Brief indoor exposure to natural bright light may decrease afternoon sleepiness. This technique of light could be used in work settings in which napping is not permitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kaida
- National Institute of Industrial Health, Kawasaki, Japan.
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Tarapore P, Shinmura K, Suzuki H, Tokuyama Y, Kim SH, Mayeda A, Fukasawa K. Thr199phosphorylation targets nucleophosmin to nuclear speckles and represses pre-mRNA processing. FEBS Lett 2005; 580:399-409. [PMID: 16376875 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2005] [Revised: 12/05/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM) is a multifunctional phosphoprotein, being involved in ribosome assembly, pre-ribosomal RNA processing, DNA duplication, nucleocytoplasmic protein trafficking, and centrosome duplication. NPM is phosphorylated by several kinases, including nuclear kinase II, casein kinase 2, Polo-like kinase 1 and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK1 and 2), and these phosphorylations modulate the activity and function of NPM. We have previously identified Thr(199) as the major phosphorylation site of NPM mediated by CDK2/cyclin E (and A), and this phosphorylation is involved in the regulation of centrosome duplication. In this study, we further examined the effect of CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of NPM by using the antibody that specifically recognizes NPM phosphorylated on Thr(199). We found that the phospho-Thr(199) NPM localized to dynamic sub-nuclear structures known as nuclear speckles, which are believed to be the sites of storage and/or assembly of pre-mRNA splicing factors. Phosphorylation on Thr(199) by CDK2/cyclin E (and A) targets NPM to nuclear speckles, and enhances the RNA-binding activity of NPM. Moreover, phospho-Thr(199) NPM, but not unphosphorylated NPM, effectively represses pre-mRNA splicing. These findings indicate the involvement of NPM in the regulation of pre-mRNA processing, and its activity is controlled by CDK2-mediated phosphorylation on Thr(199).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pheruza Tarapore
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521, USA
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Shinmura K, Tarapore P, Tokuyama Y, George KR, Fukasawa K. Characterization of centrosomal association of nucleophosmin/B23 linked to Crm1 activity. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:6621-34. [PMID: 16297385 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2005] [Revised: 10/20/2005] [Accepted: 10/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM)/B23 is a multifunctional protein, involving in a wide variety of basic cellular processes, including ribosome assembly, DNA duplication, nucleocytoplasmic trafficking, and centrosome duplication. It has previously been shown that NPM/B23 localizes to centrosomes, and dissociate from centrosomes upon phosphorylation by Cdk2/cyclin E. However, detail characterization of centrosomal association of NPM/B23 has been hampered by the lack of appropriate antibodies that efficiently detects centrosomally localized NPM/B23, as well as by apparent loss of natural behavior of NPM/B23 when tagged with fluorescent proteins. Here, by the use of newly generated anti-NPM/B23 antibody, we conducted a careful analysis of centrosomal localization of NPM/B23. We found that NPM/B23 localizes between the paired centrioles of unduplicated centrosomes, suggesting the role of NPM/B23 in the centriole pairing. Upon initiation of centrosome duplication, some NPM/B23 proteins remain at mother centrioles of the parental centriole pairs. We further found that inhibition of Crm1 nuclear export receptor results in both accumulation of cyclin E at centrosomes and efficient dissociation of NPM/B23 from centrosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Shinmura
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, P.O. Box 670521 (3125 Eden Avenue), Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521, United States
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Abstract
During mitosis, two centrosomes form spindle poles and direct the formation of bipolar mitotic spindles, which is an essential event for accurate chromosome segregation into daughter cells. The presence of more than two centrosomes (centrosome amplification), severely disturbs mitotic process and cytokinesis via formation of more than two spindle poles, resulting in an increased frequency of chromosome segregation errors (chromosome instability). Destabilization of chromosomes by centrosome amplification aids acquisition of further malignant phenotypes, hence promoting tumor progression. Centrosome amplification occurs frequently in almost all types of cancer, and is considered as the major contributing factor for chromosome instability in cancer cells. Upon cytokinesis, each daughter cell receives one centrosome, and thus centrosome must duplicate once, and only once, before the next mitosis. If centrosomes duplicate more than once within a single cell cycle, centrosome amplification occurs, which is frequently seen in cells harboring mutations in some tumor suppressor proteins such as p53 and BRCA1. The recent studies have provided critical information for understanding how loss of these proteins allows multiple rounds of centrosome duplication. In this review, how centrosome amplification destabilizes chromosomes, how loss of certain tumor suppressor proteins leads to centrosome amplification, and the role of centrosome amplification in cancer development will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Fukasawa
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, P.O. Box 670521 (3125 Eden Ave), Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521, USA.
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Knauf JA, Ouyang B, Knudsen ES, Fukasawa K, Babcock G, Fagin JA. Oncogenic RAS induces accelerated transition through G2/M and promotes defects in the G2 DNA damage and mitotic spindle checkpoints. J Biol Chem 2005; 281:3800-9. [PMID: 16316983 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m511690200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations of RAS are prevalent in thyroid follicular neoplasms, which commonly have chromosomal losses and gains. In thyroid cells, acute expression of HRAS(V12) increases the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities within one or two cell cycles, suggesting that RAS oncoproteins may interfere with cell cycle checkpoints required for maintenance of a stable genome. To explore this, PCCL3 thyroid cells with conditional expression of HRAS(V12) or HRAS(V12) effector mutants were presynchronized at the G(1)/S boundary, followed by activation of expression of RAS mutants and release from the cell cycle block. Expression of HRAS(V12) accelerated the G(2)/M phase by approximately 4 h and promoted bypass of the G(2) DNA damage and mitotic spindle checkpoints. Accelerated passage through G(2)/M and bypass of the G(2) DNA damage checkpoint, but not bypass of the mitotic spindle checkpoint, required activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). However, selective activation of the MAPK pathway was not sufficient to disrupt the G(2) DNA damage checkpoint, because cells arrested appropriately in G(2) despite conditional expression of HRAS(V12,S35) or BRAF(V600E). By contrast to the MAPK requirement for radiation-induced G(2) arrest, RAS-induced bypass of the mitotic spindle checkpoint was not prevented by pretreatment with MEK inhibitors. These data support a direct role for the MAPK pathway in control of G(2) progression and regulation of the G(2) DNA damage checkpoint. We propose that oncogenic RAS activation may predispose cells to genomic instability through both MAPK-dependent and independent pathways that affect critical checkpoints in G(2)/M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Knauf
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH 45267, USA
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Mikurube H, Kaneko M, Murata C, Komaki Y, Ishikawa N, Higashiyama R, Fukasawa K, Watanabe T. Association of change in the type of job with prevalence of components of the metabolic syndrome-special reference to job stress. Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi 2005; 52:987-93. [PMID: 16408484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is well established that job stress is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease. The relationship with the metabolic syndrome, however, has received only limited attention. The present study was designed to investigate associations between change of the type of job and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome components from the aspect of on-the-job stress and alteration in life style. METHODS Thirty-six male workers of the manufacturing department were transferred to the carsales department at the same automobile company in 1992 to 1993. These same workers were transferred back to the manufacturing department after two years. We compared the first health-check data before the transfer in 1992 (Term A), a second set of data two years after transfer in 1994-95 (Term B) and a third set of data two years following transfer back to the manufacturing department in 1996-1998 (Term C). The workers were requested to provide information about drinking and smoking habits, and answer Karasek's questionnaire and a simple stress questionnaire in order to clarify the possibility of job stress in occurrence of the metabolic syndrome, defined in terms of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose tolerance as components. RESULTS Five workers had two or more components of the metabolic syndrome before the transfer to the car-sales department (Group I). One demonstrated improvement, three no change, and one increase in symptoms from A to B. Seven workers had more than two components after the transfer to car-sales department (Group II), and six of them exhibited decrease two years following transfer back to the manufacturing department. Five of them also showed elevated liver enzymes in serum with the appearance of the components, and three of them demonstrated recover. Three workers had two components of the metabolic syndrome only at time point C (Group III), while the remaining 21 workers had 0 to one component throughout the observation period (Group IV). Amount of drinking and smoking increased significantly when working in the sales department but these items returned to the previous values after rejoining manufacturing, though differences were not observed between workers with (Group II) and without (Group IV) components of the metabolic syndrome. Body mass index (BMI) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased significantly when workers moved to the sales department and that was significant in Group II as compared to Group IV. Three components of Karasek's JCQ changed significantly during job transfer, though differences were not observed between the workers with (Group II) and without (Group IV) components of the metabolic syndrome. Logistic regression analysis with age, lifestyle, Karasek's JCQ, and ALT revealed that elevation of ALT value was associated with having two or more components of metabolic syndrome, while hours of sleep demonstrated an inverse association. CONCLUSION Elevated ALT and reduction of sleep hours may be associated with development of the metabolic syndrome in workers who change their type of job.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Mikurube
- Department of Community Health, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara City, Kanagawa Prefecture 259-1193, Japan
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Oikawa T, Okuda M, Ma Z, Goorha R, Tsujimoto H, Inokuma H, Fukasawa K. Transcriptional control of BubR1 by p53 and suppression of centrosome amplification by BubR1. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:4046-61. [PMID: 15870277 PMCID: PMC1087701 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.10.4046-4061.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Elimination of the regulatory mechanism underlying numeral homeostasis of centrosomes, as seen in cells lacking p53, results in abnormal amplification of centrosomes, which increases the frequency of chromosome segregation errors, and thus contributes to the chromosome instability frequently observed in cancer cells. We have previously reported that p53(-/-) mouse cells in prolonged culture undergo genomic convergence similar to that observed during tumor progression; early-passage p53(-/-) cells are karyotypically heterogeneous due to extensive chromosome instability associated with centrosome amplification, while late-passage p53(-/-) cells are aneuploid yet karyotypically homogeneous and chromosomally stable. Moreover, they contain numerically normal centrosomes. Through the microarray analysis of early- and late-passage p53(-/-) cells, we identified the BubR1 spindle checkpoint protein, which plays a critical role in suppression of centrosome amplification and stabilization of chromosomes in late-passage p53(-/-) cells. Up-regulation of BubR1 augments the checkpoint function, which effectively senses the spindle/chromosome aberrations associated with centrosome amplification. We further found that BubR1 transcription is largely controlled by p53. In early-passage p53(-/-) cells, BubR1 expression is low and the checkpoint function in response to microtubule toxin is considerably compromised. In late-passage cells, however, regaining of BubR1 expression restores the checkpoint function to mitotic aberrations caused by microtubule toxin. Our studies demonstrate the molecular aspect of genomic convergence in cultured cells, providing critical information for understanding the stepwise progression of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Oikawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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Mayhew CN, Bosco EE, Fox SR, Okaya T, Tarapore P, Schwemberger SJ, Babcock GF, Lentsch AB, Fukasawa K, Knudsen ES. Liver-Specific pRB Loss Results in Ectopic Cell Cycle Entry and Aberrant Ploidy. Cancer Res 2005; 65:4568-77. [PMID: 15930274 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-4221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The liver exhibits an exquisitely controlled cell cycle, wherein hepatocytes are maintained in quiescence until stimulated to proliferate. The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor, pRB, plays a central role in proliferative control by inhibiting inappropriate cell cycle entry. In many cases, liver cancer arises due to aberrant cycles of proliferation, and correspondingly, pRB is functionally inactivated in the majority of hepatocellular carcinomas. Therefore, to determine how pRB loss may provide conditions permissive for deregulated hepatocyte proliferation, we investigated the consequence of somatic pRB inactivation in murine liver. We show that liver-specific pRB loss results in E2F target gene deregulation and elevated cell cycle progression during post-natal growth. However, in adult livers, E2F targets are repressed and hepatocytes become quiescent independent of pRB, suggesting that other factors may compensate for pRB loss. Therefore, to probe the consequences of acute pRB inactivation in livers of adult mice, we gave adenoviral-Cre by i.v. injection. We show that acute pRB loss is sufficient to elicit E2F target gene expression and cell cycle entry in adult liver, demonstrating a critical role for pRB in maintaining hepatocyte quiescence. Finally, we show that liver-specific pRB loss results in the development of nuclear pleomorphism associated with elevated ploidy that is evident in adult mice harboring both acute and chronic pRB loss. Together, these results show the crucial role played by pRB in maintaining hepatocyte quiescence and ploidy in adult liver in vivo and underscore the critical importance of delineating the consequences of acute pRB loss in adult animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N Mayhew
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0521, USA
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Fukui S, Haratani T, Toshima Y, Shima S, Takahashi M, Nakata A, Fukasawa K, Ohba S, Sato E, Hirota Y. [Measuring workplace climate: reliability and validity of the 12-item Organizational Climate Scale (OCS-12)]. Sangyo Eiseigaku Zasshi 2005; 46:213-22. [PMID: 15656082 DOI: 10.1539/sangyoeisei.46.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the reliability and validity of the short version of the 30-item Organizational Climate Scale (OCS-30; Toshima and Matsuda, 1992, 1995), a self-administered questionnaire was conducted in a sample of 819 employees of two medium-sized private companies in Japan by using the OCS-30, the Generic Job Stress Questionnaire (GJSQ), and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The OCS has two subscales, i.e., the Tradition Scale (TS) and the Organizational Environment Scale (OES). The organizational climate perceived by each worker can be grouped into four categories based on the subscale scores: low TS and high OES (Active), high TS and high OES (Governed), low TS and low OES (Disorganized), and high TS and low OES (Reluctant). Principal component analysis for the OCS-30 was submitted (varimax rotation, the number of factors = 2), and 6 items for each factor, with factor loadings greater than 0.50, were selected for the short version, which constituted the 12-item Organizational Climate Scale (OCS-12). Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients of the two subscales of the OCS-12 were acceptable; 0.63 for the TS and 0.71 for the OES. Both two subscales of the OCS-12 were significantly correlated with the GHQ-12 and many subscales of the GJSQ, which indicated the good constructive validity of the OCS-12. Among 4 types of organizational climate categorized by the OCS-12, the "Active" group showed the lowest job stress scores. It is suggested that the OCS-12 could be a reliable and valid instrument for assessing workers' perception of workplace climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoe Fukui
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1, Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8471, Japan.
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Bennett RA, Izumi H, Fukasawa K. Induction of centrosome amplification and chromosome instability in p53-null cells by transient exposure to subtoxic levels of S-phase-targeting anticancer drugs. Oncogene 2004; 23:6823-9. [PMID: 15273731 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome instability (CIN) is one of the most important phenotypes in tumor progression, introducing multiple mutations required for acquisition of further malignant characteristics. Abnormal amplification of centrosomes, which is frequently observed in human cancer, has been shown to contribute to CIN by increasing the frequency of mitotic defects. Here, we show that transient exposure to subtoxic concentrations of commonly used anticancer drugs that target DNA synthesis induces centrosome amplification in cells lacking p53 tumor suppressor protein, by allowing continuous centrosome duplication in the absence of DNA synthesis. When these cells are released from cell cycle arrest by removal of drugs, cells suffer extensive destabilization of chromosomes. Considering that p53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer and that CIN is known to be associated with acquisition of malignant phenotypes, our observations may explain why recurrent tumors, after chemotherapy, often exhibit more malignant characteristics than the original tumors. The tumor cells that are exposed to subtoxic levels of DNA synthesis-targeting drugs will be arrested and undergo centrosome amplification. Upon cessation of chemotherapy, these cells will re-enter cell cycling, and experience extensive CIN due to the presence of amplified centrosomes. This in turn promotes generation of tumor cells equipped with further malignant characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Bennett
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, PO Box 670521, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521, USA
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Kawamura K, Izumi H, Ma Z, Ikeda R, Moriyama M, Tanaka T, Nojima T, Levin LS, Fujikawa-Yamamoto K, Suzuki K, Fukasawa K. Induction of centrosome amplification and chromosome instability in human bladder cancer cells by p53 mutation and cyclin E overexpression. Cancer Res 2004; 64:4800-9. [PMID: 15256449 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-3908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Centrosome amplification frequently occurs in human cancers and is a major cause of chromosome instability (CIN). In mouse cells, centrosome amplification can be readily induced by loss or mutational inactivation of p53. In human cells, however, silencing of endogenous p53 alone does not induce centrosome amplification or CIN, although high degrees of correlation between p53 mutation and CIN/centrosome amplification in human cancer can be detected, suggesting the presence of additional regulatory mechanism(s) in human cells that ensures the numeral integrity of centrosomes and genomic integrity. Cyclin E, a regulatory subunit for CDK2 that plays a key role in centrosome duplication, frequently is overexpressed in human cancers. We found that cyclin E overexpression, together with loss of p53, efficiently induces centrosome amplification and CIN in human bladder cancer cells but not by either cyclin E overexpression or loss of p53 alone. We extended these findings to bladder cancer specimens and found that centrosome amplification is strongly correlated with concomitant occurrence of cyclin E overexpression and p53 inactivation but not with either cyclin E overexpression or p53 inactivation alone. Because cyclin E expression is strictly controlled in human cells compared with mouse cells, our findings suggest that this stringent regulation of cyclin E expression plays an additional role underlying numeral homeostasis of centrosomes in human cells and that deregulation of cyclin E expression, together with inactivation of p53, results in centrosome amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kawamura
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3125 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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Bernard K, Litman E, Fitzpatrick JL, Shellman YG, Argast G, Polvinen K, Everett AD, Fukasawa K, Norris DA, Ahn NG, Resing KA. Functional proteomic analysis of melanoma progression. Cancer Res 2003; 63:6716-25. [PMID: 14583466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Functional proteomics provides a powerful approach to screen for alterations in protein expression and posttranslational modifications under conditions of human disease. In this study, we use protein screening to examine markers of melanoma progression, by profiling melanocyte versus melanoma cell lines using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Eight candidate markers were identified as differentially regulated in transformed cells. In particular, hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) and nucleophosmin B23 were strongly correlated with melanoma. Nucleophosmin B23 is a nucleolar and centrosome-associated protein, which has been implicated as a target for cyclin E/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) in modulating centrosome duplication and cell cycle control. Western blotting of one-dimensional and two-dimensional gels showed that the form of nucleophosmin B23 that is up-regulated in melanoma represents a posttranslationally modified form, most likely reflecting enhanced phosphorylation in the tumor-derived cells. In contrast, Western analysis of HDGF demonstrated increased expression of all forms in melanoma cell lines compared with melanocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis of human tissue biopsies showed strong expression of HDGF in early and late stage melanomas and low expression in melanocytes and nontumorigenic nevi. Interestingly, biopsies of nevi showed a graded effect in which HDGF immunoreactivity was reduced in nevoid nests penetrating deep into the dermis compared with nests at the epidermal-dermal junction, suggesting that HDGF expression in nevi is dependent on epidermal cell interactions. In contrast, biopsies of melanoma showed strong expression of HDGF throughout the tumor, including cells located deeply within dermis. Thus, expression of this antigen likely reports a reduced dependence of protein expression on epidermal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Bernard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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Forgues M, Difilippantonio MJ, Linke SP, Ried T, Nagashima K, Feden J, Valerie K, Fukasawa K, Wang XW. Involvement of Crm1 in hepatitis B virus X protein-induced aberrant centriole replication and abnormal mitotic spindles. Mol Cell Biol 2003; 23:5282-92. [PMID: 12861014 PMCID: PMC165739 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.23.15.5282-5292.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2002] [Revised: 01/26/2003] [Accepted: 05/18/2003] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) includes an X gene (HBx gene) that plays a critical role in liver carcinogenesis. Because centrosome abnormalities are associated with genomic instability in most human cancer cells, we examined the effect of HBx on centrosomes. We found that HBx induced supernumerary centrosomes and multipolar spindles. This effect was independent of mutations in the p21 gene. Furthermore, the ability of HBV to induce supernumerary centrosomes was dependent on the presence of physiological HBx expression. We recently showed that HBx induces cytoplasmic sequestration of Crm1, a nuclear export receptor that binds to Ran GTPase, thereby inducing nuclear localization of NF-kappaB. Consistently, supernumerary centrosomes were observed in cells treated with a Crm1-specific inhibitor but not with an HBx mutant that lacked the ability to sequester Crm1 in the cytoplasm. Moreover, a fraction of Crm1 was found to be localized at the centrosomes. Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural examination of these supernumerary centrosomes revealed that inactivation of Crm1 was associated with abnormal centrioles. The presence of more than two centrosomes led to an increased frequency of defective mitoses and chromosome transmission errors. Based on this evidence, we suggest that Crm1 is actively involved in maintaining centrosome integrity and that HBx disrupts this process by inactivating Crm1 and thus contributes to HBV-mediated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshonna Forgues
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute/NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Abstract
The E2F family of transcription factors is critical for the control of cell cycle progression. We now show that the specific inactivation of E2F3 in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) results in a disruption of the centrosome duplication cycle. Loss of E2F3, but not E2F1, E2F2, E2F4, or E2F5 results in unregulated cyclin E-dependent kinase activity, defects in nucleophosmin B association with centrosomes, and premature centriole separation and duplication. Consequently, this defect leads to centrosome amplification, mitotic spindle defects, and aneuploidy. Our findings implicate the E2F3 transcription factor as an important link that orchestrates DNA and centrosome duplication cycles, ensuring the faithful transmission of genetic material to daughter cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold I. Saavedra
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, and Department of Molecular Genetics
| | - Baidehi Maiti
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, and Department of Molecular Genetics
| | - Cynthia Timmers
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, and Department of Molecular Genetics
| | - Rachel Altura
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, and Department of Molecular Genetics
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Research Institute The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Yukari Tokuyama
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Kenji Fukasawa
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Gustavo Leone
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, and Department of Molecular Genetics
- Correspondence:
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