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Shen Y, Thng DKH, Wong ALA, Toh TB. Mechanistic insights and the clinical prospects of targeted therapies for glioblastoma: a comprehensive review. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:40. [PMID: 38615034 PMCID: PMC11015656 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal brain tumour that is traditionally diagnosed based on histological features. Recent molecular profiling studies have reshaped the World Health Organization approach in the classification of central nervous system tumours to include more pathogenetic hallmarks. These studies have revealed that multiple oncogenic pathways are dysregulated, which contributes to the aggressiveness and resistance of GBM. Such findings have shed light on the molecular vulnerability of GBM and have shifted the disease management paradigm from chemotherapy to targeted therapies. Targeted drugs have been developed to inhibit oncogenic targets in GBM, including receptors involved in the angiogenic axis, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway, the ubiquitination-proteasome pathway, as well as IDH1/2 pathway. While certain targeted drugs showed promising results in vivo, the translatability of such preclinical achievements in GBM remains a barrier. We also discuss the recent developments and clinical assessments of targeted drugs, as well as the prospects of cell-based therapies and combinatorial therapy as novel ways to target GBM. Targeted treatments have demonstrated preclinical efficacy over chemotherapy as an alternative or adjuvant to the current standard of care for GBM, but their clinical efficacy remains hindered by challenges such as blood-brain barrier penetrance of the drugs. The development of combinatorial targeted therapies is expected to improve therapeutic efficacy and overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Shen
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dexter Kai Hao Thng
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Li Ann Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tan Boon Toh
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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2
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Li C, Chen B, Zhang J, Yang J, Guo M, Ren Y, Zhou Z, Fung KM, Li M, Zhang L, Liu Z. SEM1 promotes tumor progression of glioblastoma via activating the akt signaling pathway. Cancer Lett 2023; 577:216368. [PMID: 37652287 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION SEM1, a 26 S proteasome complex subunit, is an essential regulator of tumor growth. However, the underlying mechanism of SEM1 mediated glioma progression remains to be elucidated. METHODS Data from bulk-tumor, single-cell, and spatial sequencing were analyzed to reveal correlations between SEM1 and clinical traits, cell types, and functional enrichment in gliomas. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess SEM1 expression. MTT, flow cytometry, apoptosis signature, epithelial-mesenchymal transition signature, Transwell, and organoid assays were used to study SEM1's effect on the malignant behavior of glioma (U251 and LN229) cells. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to construct an SEM1-mediated malignant regulatory network. Accordingly, survival analysis, therapeutic response, drug prediction, and molecular docking analyses were performed. RESULTS High SEM1 expression was observed in gliomas and correlated with worse clinical features and prognosis. Moreover, SEM1 is mainly localized in malignant cells (glioma cells). SEM1 knockout inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of glioma cells and promoted their apoptosis. We also constructed an SEM1 malignant regulatory network that was bridged by the PI3K-Akt pathway. The network had a high prognostic value. Finally, drugs potentially targeting SEM1 were screened and docked to SEM1. CONCLUSIONS SEM1 is critically involved in the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration of glioma cells. The SEM1 malignant regulatory network shows high significance for the prognosis and treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuntao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Department of Medicine, And Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Hypothalamic-pituitary Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Department of Medicine, And Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jingxuan Yang
- Department of Medicine, And Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Muzi Guo
- Department of Medicine, And Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Yu Ren
- Department of Medicine, And Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Department of Medicine, And Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine, And Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Department of Medicine, And Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Hypothalamic-pituitary Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Hypothalamic-pituitary Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
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Gozdz A. Proteasome Inhibitors against Glioblastoma-Overview of Molecular Mechanisms of Cytotoxicity, Progress in Clinical Trials, and Perspective for Use in Personalized Medicine. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:9676-9688. [PMID: 37999122 PMCID: PMC10670062 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30110702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors are moieties targeting the proteolytic activity of a proteasome, with demonstrated efficacy in certain hematological malignancies and candidate drugs in other types of cancer, including glioblastoma (GBM). They disturb the levels of proteasome-regulated proteins and lead to the cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis of GBM cells. The accumulation of cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27, and decreased levels of prosurvival molecules NFKB, survivin, and MGMT, underlie proteasome inhibitors' cytotoxicity when used alone or in combination with the anti-GBM cytostatic drug temozolomide (TMZ). The evidence gathered in preclinical studies substantiated the design of clinical trials that employed the two most promising proteasome inhibitors, bortezomib and marizomib. The drug safety profile, maximum tolerated dose, and interaction with other drugs were initially evaluated, mainly in recurrent GBM patients. A phase III study on newly diagnosed GBM patients who received marizomib as an adjuvant to the Stupp protocol was designed and completed in 2021, with the Stupp protocol receiving patients as a parallel control arm. The data from this phase III study indicate that marizomib does not improve the PFS and OS of GBM patients; however, further analysis of the genetic and epigenetic background of each patient tumor may shed some light on the sensitivity of individual patients to proteasome inhibition. The mutational and epigenetic makeup of GBM cells, like genetic alterations to TP53 and PTEN, or MGMT promoter methylation levels may actually determine the response to proteasome inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gozdz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Din RU, Jiao A, Qiu Y, Mohan AAM, Yuen KC, Wong HT, Wan TMH, Wong POY, Sin CF. Bortezomib Is Effective in the Treatment of T Lymphoblastic Leukaemia by Inducing DNA Damage, WEE1 Downregulation, and Mitotic Catastrophe. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14646. [PMID: 37834095 PMCID: PMC10572992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
T lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive haematolymphoid malignancy comprising 15% of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Although its prognosis has improved with intensive chemotherapy, the relapse/refractory disease still carries a dismal prognosis. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapy for T-ALL. Bortezomib, a 26S proteasome inhibitor, is licensed to treat plasma cell myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. Due to its favorable side effect profile, it is a novel agent of research interest in the treatment of ALL. Despite an increasing number of clinical trials of bortezomib in T-ALL, its detailed mechanistic study in terms of DNA damage, cell cycle, and mitotic catastrophe remains elusive. Moreover, WEE1, a protein kinase overexpressed in ALL and involved in cell-cycle regulation, has been known to be a novel therapeutic target in many cancers. But the role of bortezomib in modulating WEE1 expression in ALL still remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of bortezomib on T-ALL primary samples and cell lines. Our findings reveal that bortezomib treatment induces DNA damage and downregulates WEE1, leading to G2-M cell-cycle progression with damaged DNA. This abnormal mitotic entry induced by bortezomib leads to mitotic catastrophe in T-ALL. In conclusion, our findings dissect the mechanism of action of bortezomib and provide further insights into the use of bortezomib to treat T-ALL. Our findings suggest the possibility of novel combination therapy using proteasome inhibitors together with DNA-damaging agents in the future, which may fill the research gaps and unmet clinical needs in treating ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chun-Fung Sin
- Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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5
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Ghufran M, Rehman AU, Ayaz M, Ul-Haq Z, Uddin R, Azam SS, Wadood A. New lead compounds identification against KRas mediated cancers through pharmacophore-based virtual screening and in vitro assays. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8053-8067. [PMID: 36184737 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2128878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/07/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world, with 19.3 million new diagnoses and 10.1 million deaths in 2020. Cancer is caused due to mutations in proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. Genetic analyses found that Ras (Rat sarcoma) is one of the most deregulated oncogenes in human cancers. The Ras oncogene family members including NRas (Neuroblastoma ras viral oncogene homolog), HRas (Harvey rat sarcoma) and KRas are involved in different types of human cancers. The mutant KRas is considered as the most frequent oncogene implicated in the development of lung, pancreatic and colon cancers. However, there is no efficient clinical drug even though it has been identified as an oncogene for 30 years. Therefore there is an emerging need to develop potent, new anticancer drugs. In this study, computer-aided drug designing approaches as well as experimental methods were employed to find new and potential anti-cancer drugs. The pharmacophore model was developed from an already known FDA approved anti-cancer drug Bortezomib using the software MOE. The validated pharmacophore model was then used to screen the in-house and commercially available databases. The pharmacophore-based virtual screening resulted in 26 and 86 hits from in-house and commercial databases respectively. Finally, 6/13 (in-house database) and 24/64 hits (commercial databases) were selected with different scaffolds having good interactions with the significant active residues of KRasG12D protein that were predicted as potent lead compounds. Finally, the results of pharmacophore-based virtual screening were further validated by molecular dynamics simulation analysis. The 6 hits of the in-house database were further evaluated experimentally. The experimental results showed that these compounds have good anti-cancer activity which validate the protocol of our in silico studies. KRasG12D protein is a very important anti-cancer target and potent inhibitors for this target are still not available, so small lead compound inhibitors were identified to inhibit the activity of this protein by blocking the GTP-binding pocket.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehreen Ghufran
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
- Department of Pathology, Medical Teaching Institution Bacha Khan Medical College (BKMC) Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Reaz Uddin
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Sikander Azam
- Department of Bioinformatics, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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6
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Mekala JR, Adusumilli K, Chamarthy S, Angirekula HSR. Novel sights on therapeutic, prognostic, and diagnostics aspects of non-coding RNAs in glioblastoma multiforme. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1801-1829. [PMID: 37249862 PMCID: PMC10227410 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the primary brain tumor and accounts for 200,000 deaths each year worldwide. The standard therapy includes surgical resection followed by temozolomide (TMZ)-based chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The survival period of GBM patients is only 12-15 months. Therefore, novel treatment modalities for GBM treatment are urgently needed. Mounting evidence reveals that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were involved in regulating gene expression, the pathophysiology of GBM, and enhancing therapeutic outcomes. The combinatory use of ncRNAs, chemotherapeutic drugs, and tumor suppressor gene expression induction might provide an innovative, alternative therapeutic approach for managing GBM. Studies have highlighted the role of Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in prognosis and diagnosis. Dysregulation of ncRNAs is observed in virtually all tumor types, including GBMs. Studies have also indicated the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as a crucial factor that hinders chemotherapy. Although several nanoparticle-mediated drug deliveries were degrading effectively against GBM in vitro conditions. However, the potential to cross the BBB and optimum delivery of oligonucleotide RNA into GBM cells in the brain is currently under intense clinical trials. Despite several advances in molecular pathogenesis, GBM remains resistant to chemo and radiotherapy. Targeted therapies have less clinical benefit due to high genetic heterogeneity and activation of alternative pathways. Thus, identifying GBM-specific prognostic pathways, essential genes, and genomic aberrations provide several potential benefits as subtypes of GBM. Also, these approaches will provide insights into new strategies to overcome the heterogenous nature of GBM, which will eventually lead to successful therapeutic interventions toward precision medicine and precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaki Ramaiah Mekala
- Department of Bio-Technology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram, Guntur, 522302, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Kowsalya Adusumilli
- Department of Bio-Technology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram, Guntur, 522302, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sahiti Chamarthy
- Department of Bio-Technology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram, Guntur, 522302, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Hari Sai Ram Angirekula
- Department of Bio-Technology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram, Guntur, 522302, Andhra Pradesh, India
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7
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Chang HH, Lin YH, Chen TM, Tsai YL, Lai CR, Tsai WC, Cheng YC, Chen Y. ONX-0914 Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy with p53 Regulation in Human Glioblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225712. [PMID: 36428804 PMCID: PMC9688407 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is believed to be one of the most aggressive brain tumors in the world. ONX-0914 (PR957) is a selective inhibitor of proteasome subunit beta type-8 (PSMB8). Previous studies have shown that inhibiting PSMB8 expression in glioblastoma reduces tumor progression. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether ONX-0914 has antitumor effects on human glioblastoma. The results indicated that ONX-0914 treatment inhibited survival in LN229, GBM8401, and U87MG glioblastoma cells. Cell cycle analysis showed that ONX-0914 treatment caused cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. The protein expression of BCL-2 was reduced and PARP was cleaved after ONX-0914 treatment. Furthermore, the levels of p53 and phosphorylated p53 were increased by ONX-0914 treatment in glioblastoma cells. ONX-0914 also induced autophagy in glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, the p53 inhibitor pifithrin attenuated apoptosis but enhanced autophagy caused by ONX-0914. In an orthotopic mouse model, TMZ plus ONX-0914 reduced tumor progression better than the control or TMZ alone. These data suggest that ONX-0914 is a novel therapeutic drug for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Han Chang
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung 203301, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Min Chen
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Rui Lai
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chiuan Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Cheng
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.C.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +886-2-8792-3100 (ext. 18739) (Y.C.)
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.C.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +886-2-8792-3100 (ext. 18739) (Y.C.)
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8
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Xu H, Xu G, Xu Q, Xu C, Zhou X, Bai Y, Yin L, Ding Y, Wang W. MLN2238 exerts its anti-tumor effects via regulating ROS/JNK/mitochondrial signaling pathways in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1040847. [PMID: 36386204 PMCID: PMC9659592 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1040847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a highly malignant tumor with limited treatment options that contributes largely to cancer-related deaths worldwide. Compared with traditional transcriptomic analysis, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is emerging as a more advanced and popular tool for the in-depth exploration of cellular diversity and molecular complexity. As a next-generation proteasome inhibitor, MLN2238 presents better pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic responses in various cancers. However, its effects and mechanisms of action in iCCA remain unknown. Methods: iCCA tumor heterogeneity was determined based on 4,239 qualified scRNA-seq data from 10 iCCA samples. The potential biological roles of proteasome-related genes in iCCA were investigated using a pseudo-trajectory reconstruction. The effect of MLN2238 on iCCA cell proliferation was estimated using the CCK-8, EdU, and clone formation assays. Flow cytometry was used to examine the effect of added MLN2238 on cell cycle and apoptosis levels. Autophagic flux was detected using AdPlus-mCherry-GFP-LC3B cells. ROS levels and mitochondrial membrane potential were determined using DCFH-DA probing and JC-1 staining. JNK activation and mitochondrial apoptosis were observed using western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. Finally, we used a tumor-bearing mouse model to validate its efficacy in vivo for iCCA treatment. Results: Proteasome-related genes were dysregulated in iCCA progression and expressed at higher levels in tumor tissues. MLN2238 suppressed cell proliferation, blocked the cell cycle in the G2/M phase, promoted apoptosis, and induced cytoprotective autophagy in iCCA cells. Furthermore, MLN2238 increased ROS levels and activated the JNK signaling pathway. Inhibition of ROS and JNK activation by NAC and SP600125 significantly reversed MLN2238-induced apoptosis. MLN2238 also suppressed the growth of iCCA tumors in vivo. Conclusion: Proteasome-related genes play pivotal roles in iCCA development. MLN2238, as a proteasome inhibitor, induces apoptosis in iCCA cells through ROS/JNK/mitochondrial signaling pathways, and hence, making MLN2238 a potential therapeutic choice for iCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangyu Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianhui Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Tang X, Peng H, Xu P, Zhang L, Fu R, Tu H, Guo X, Huang K, Lu J, Chen H, Dong Z, Dai L, Luo J, Chen Q. Synthetic mRNA-based gene therapy for glioblastoma: TRAIL-mRNA synergistically enhances PTEN-mRNA-based therapy. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:707-718. [PMID: 35317516 PMCID: PMC8913249 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized as having high molecular heterogeneity and complexity, which can be well revealed by genomic study. A truly effective treatment for GBM should flexibly address its heterogeneities, complexity, and strong drug resistance. This study was performed to explore the effectiveness of an mRNA-based therapeutic strategy using in vitro synthesized PTEN-mRNA and TRAIL-mRNA in tumor cells derived from PTEN-deletion patients. The PTEN gene alterations were revealed by whole-exome sequencing of three paired clinical GBMs and selected as the therapy target. Patient-derived primary glioblastoma stem cells (GBM2) and a DBTRG-cell-derived xenograft were used to detect mRNA's cytotoxicity in vitro and tumor suppression in vivo. Following the successful in vitro synthesis of PTEN-mRNA and TRAIL-mRNA, the combinational treatment of PTEN-mRNA and TRAIL-mRNA significantly suppressed tumor growth compared with treatment with PBS (96.4%), PTEN-mRNA (89.7%), and TRAIL-mRNA (84.5%). The combinational application of PTEN-mRNA and TRAIL-mRNA showed synergistic inhibition of tumor growth, and the JNK pathway might be the major mechanism involved. This study provided a basis for an mRNA-based therapeutic strategy to be developed into an effective patient-tailored treatment for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9 Zhangzhidong Road and 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- The 7th affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, ShenZhen, Guandong 510275, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Hanjun Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xingrong Guo
- Hubei KeyLaboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Kuanming Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Junti Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Hu Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Longjun Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9 Zhangzhidong Road and 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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10
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Sin CF, Man PHM. The Role of Proteasome Inhibitors in Treating Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Front Oncol 2022; 11:802832. [PMID: 35004327 PMCID: PMC8733464 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.802832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is an aggressive haematolymphoid malignancy. The prognosis of ALL is excellent in paediatric population, however the outcome of relapse/refractory disease is dismal. Adult ALL has less favourable prognosis and relapse/refractory disease is not uncommonly encountered. Bortezomib is the first generation proteasome inhibitor licensed to treat plasma cell myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma with favourable side effect profile. Efficacy of bortezomib had been proven in other solid tumors. Clinical studies showed promising response for proteasome inhibitors in treating relapse/refractory ALL. Thus, proteasome inhibitors are attractive alternative agents for research in treating ALL. In the review article, we will introduce different proteasome inhibitors and their difference in pharmacological properties. Moreover, the mechanism of action of proteasome inhibitors on ALL will be highlighted. Finally, results of various clinical studies on proteasome inhibitors in both paediatric and adult ALL will be discussed. This review article provides the insights on the use of proteasome inhibitors in treating ALL with a summary of mechanism of action in ALL which facilitates future research on its use to improve the outcome of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Fung Sin
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pui-Hei Marcus Man
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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11
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Zhang L, Wu M, Su R, Zhang D, Yang G. The efficacy and mechanism of proteasome inhibitors in solid tumor treatment. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:268-283. [PMID: 34856915 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666211202154536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is critical in cellular protein degradation and widely involved in the regulations of cancer hallmarks. Targeting the UPS pathway has emerged as a promising novel treatment in hematological malignancies and solid tumors. OBJECTIVE This review mainly focuses on the preclinical results of proteasome inhibitors in solid tumors. METHODS We analyzed the published articles associated with the anticancer results of proteasome inhibitors alone or combination chemotherapy in solid tumors. Important data presented in abstract form were also discussed in this review. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib and carfilzomib, are highly effective in treating solid tumors. The anticancer efficacy is not limited to affect the proteasomal inhibition-associated signaling pathways but also widely involves the signaling pathways related to cell cycle, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, proteasome inhibitors overcome the conventional chemo-resistance of standard chemotherapeutics by inhibiting signaling pathways, such as NF-κB or PI3K/Akt. Combination chemotherapy of proteasome inhibitors and standard chemotherapeutics are widely investigated in multiple relapsed or chemo-resistant solid tumor types, such as breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. The proteasome inhibitors re-sensitize the standard chemotherapeutic regimens and induce synergistic anticancer effects. The development of novel proteasome inhibitors and delivery systems also improves the proteasome inhibitors' anticancer efficacy in solid tumors. This review summarizes the current preclinical results of proteasome inhibitors in solid tumors and reveals the potential anticancer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118. China
| | - Mengyang Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118. China
| | - Ruicong Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118. China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118. China
| | - Guilian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118. China
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12
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Wang Y, Chen W, Shi Y, Yan C, Kong Z, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ma W. Imposing Phase II and Phase III Clinical Trials of Targeted Drugs for Glioblastoma: Current Status and Progress. Front Oncol 2021; 11:719623. [PMID: 34568049 PMCID: PMC8458950 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.719623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common primary intracranial tumor is glioma, among which glioblastoma (GBM) has the worst prognosis. Because of the high degree of malignancy of GBM and frequent recurrence after surgery, postoperative therapy, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, is particularly important. A wide variety of targeted drugs have undergone phase III clinical trials for patients with GBM, but these drugs do not work for all patients, and few patients in these trials have prolonged overall survival. In this review, some imposing phase III clinical trials of targeted drugs for glioma are introduced, and some prospective phase II clinical trials that have been completed or are in progress are summarized. In addition, the mechanisms of these drugs are briefly introduced, and deficiencies of these clinical trials are analyzed. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current research on targeted drugs for glioma to clarify future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wanqi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chengrui Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ziren Kong
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuekun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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13
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Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Mamun AA, Sarwar MS, Nasrin F, Emran TB, Alanazi IS, Rauf A, Albadrani GM, Sayed AA, Mousa SA, Abdel-Daim MM. Natural Small Molecules Targeting NF-κB Signaling in Glioblastoma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:703761. [PMID: 34512336 PMCID: PMC8429794 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.703761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that regulates various genes that mediate various cellular activities, including propagation, differentiation, motility, and survival. Abnormal activation of NF-κB is a common incidence in several cancers. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain cancer described by high cellular heterogeneity and almost unavoidable relapse following surgery and resistance to traditional therapy. In GBM, NF-κB is abnormally activated by various stimuli. Its function has been associated with different processes, including regulation of cancer cells with stem-like phenotypes, invasion of cancer cells, and radiotherapy resistance identification of mesenchymal cells. Even though multimodal therapeutic approaches such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapeutic drugs are used for treating GBM, however; the estimated mortality rate for GBM patients is around 1 year. Therefore, it is necessary to find out new therapeutic approaches for treating GBM. Many studies are focusing on therapeutics having less adverse effects owing to the failure of conventional chemotherapy and targeted agents. Several studies of compounds suggested the involvement of NF-κB signaling pathways in the growth and development of a tumor and GBM cell apoptosis. In this review, we highlight the involvement of NF-κB signaling in the molecular understanding of GBM and natural compounds targeting NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Nasrin
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Ibtesam S Alanazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ghadeer M Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany A Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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14
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Wang J, Wang Y, He S, Wang Z, Deng Q, Liang H. Proteasome inhibition induces macrophage apoptosis via mitochondrial dysfunction. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22894. [PMID: 34418242 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system has been linked to the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. Proteasome inhibition not only exerts antitumor effects but also affects inflammatory signaling pathways. MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, has been shown to induce tumor cell apoptosis. However, its role in the induction of macrophage apoptosis remains unknown. In our study, we investigated the mechanism of the proapoptotic effects of MG132 in macrophages. Our data showed that MG132 treatment induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in macrophages. We found that proteasome inhibition induced a significant increase in the apoptosis rate, as evidenced by cleavage of caspase-3 and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Moreover, (2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl)triphenyl-phosphonium chloride (Mito-TEMPO) attenuated MG132-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, proteasome inhibition by MG132 can induce macrophage apoptosis by promoting the production of ROS and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyan Wang
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Longhua, The Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingling Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Zhuzhou, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Shihan He
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Longhua, The Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Deng
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Longhua, The Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Longhua, The Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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15
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Benitez JA, Finlay D, Castanza A, Parisian AD, Ma J, Longobardi C, Campos A, Vadla R, Izurieta A, Scerra G, Koga T, Long T, Chavez L, Mesirov JP, Vuori K, Furnari F. PTEN deficiency leads to proteasome addiction: a novel vulnerability in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:1072-1086. [PMID: 33428749 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults with a median survival of approximately 15 months; therefore, more effective treatment options for GBM are required. To identify new drugs targeting GBMs, we performed a high-throughput drug screen using patient-derived neurospheres cultured to preferentially retain their glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) phenotype. METHODS High-throughput drug screening was performed on GSCs followed by a dose-response assay of the 5 identified original "hits." A PI3K/mTOR dependency to a proteasome inhibitor (carfilzomib), was confirmed by genetic and pharmacologic experiments. Proteasome Inhibition Response Signatures were derived from proteomic and bioinformatic analysis. Molecular mechanism of action was determined using three-dimensional (3D) GBM-organoids and preclinical orthotopic models. RESULTS We found that GSCs were highly sensitive to proteasome inhibition due to an underlying dependency on an increased protein synthesis rate, and loss of autophagy, associated with PTEN loss and activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway. In contrast, combinatory inhibition of autophagy and the proteasome resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity specifically in GSCs that did express PTEN. Finally, proteasome inhibition specifically increased cell death markers in 3D GBM-organoids, suppressed tumor growth, and increased survival of mice orthotopically engrafted with GSCs. As perturbations of the PI3K/mTOR pathway occur in nearly 50% of GBMs, these findings suggest that a significant fraction of these tumors could be vulnerable to proteasome inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Proteasome inhibition is a potential synthetic lethal therapeutic strategy for GBM with proteasome addiction due to a high protein synthesis rate and autophagy deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Benitez
- Ludwig Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Bristol-Myers Squibb, San Diego, California
| | - Darren Finlay
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Anthony Castanza
- Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Alison D Parisian
- Ludwig Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jianhui Ma
- Ludwig Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ciro Longobardi
- Department of Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Alex Campos
- Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Raghavendra Vadla
- Ludwig Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Alejandro Izurieta
- Ludwig Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Gianluca Scerra
- Department of Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Tomoyuki Koga
- Ludwig Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Tao Long
- Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Lukas Chavez
- Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jill P Mesirov
- Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kristiina Vuori
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Frank Furnari
- Ludwig Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
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16
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Nwagwu CD, Adamson DC. Can we rely on synthetic pharmacotherapy for the treatment of glioblastoma? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1983-1994. [PMID: 34219576 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1950139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Despite decades of clinical trials utilizing conventional and novel therapeutics, the effective treatment of glioblastoma remains one of the most formidable challenges in oncology. Current standard of care includes surgery and chemoradiation. Synthetic pharmacotherapies continue to be explored as potential therapeutic options for glioblastoma patients.Areas covered: This study reviews synthetic pharmacotherapies that are currently under investigation in phase I-III clinical trials. The authors of this study highlight the mechanisms of action of the synthetic pharmacotherapy agents under investigation, outline the available evidence for their utility based on the literature, and summarize the current landscape.Expert opinion: Although warranting further investigation, the studies generally highlighted here have not shown remarkable changes in clinical benefits beyond what has already been established with radiochemotherapy. As we develop more synthetics, we will likely need to combine them with other synthetics to target multiple separate molecular pathways. There is considerable potential when this treatment strategy is guided by molecular profiling approaches which seek to stratify patients based on treatments that would be most efficacious for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibueze D Nwagwu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, 30322-1007, United States
| | - David C Adamson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, 30322-1007, United States
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17
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Maksoud S. The Role of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Glioma: Analysis Emphasizing the Main Molecular Players and Therapeutic Strategies Identified in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3252-3269. [PMID: 33665742 PMCID: PMC8260465 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas constitute the most frequent tumors of the brain. High-grade gliomas are characterized by a poor prognosis caused by a set of attributes making treatment difficult, such as heterogeneity and cell infiltration. Additionally, there is a subgroup of glioma cells with properties similar to those of stem cells responsible for tumor recurrence after treatment. Since proteasomal degradation regulates multiple cellular processes, any mutation causing disturbances in the function or expression of its elements can lead to various disorders such as cancer. Several studies have focused on protein degradation modulation as a mechanism of glioma control. The ubiquitin proteasome system is the main mechanism of cellular proteolysis that regulates different events, intervening in pathological processes with exacerbating or suppressive effects on diseases. This review analyzes the role of proteasomal degradation in gliomas, emphasizing the elements of this system that modulate different cellular mechanisms in tumors and discussing the potential of distinct compounds controlling brain tumorigenesis through the proteasomal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semer Maksoud
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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18
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Marizomib sensitizes primary glioma cells to apoptosis induced by a latest-generation TRAIL receptor agonist. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:647. [PMID: 34168123 PMCID: PMC8225658 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to the absence of curative treatments for glioblastoma (GBM), we assessed the efficacy of single and combination treatments with a translationally relevant 2nd generation TRAIL-receptor agonist (IZI1551) and the blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeant proteasome inhibitor marizomib in a panel of patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines. These cells were cultured using protocols that maintain the characteristics of primary tumor cells. IZI1551+marizomib combination treatments synergistically induced apoptotic cell death in the majority of cases, both in 2D, as well as in 3D spheroid cultures. In contrast, single-drug treatments largely failed to induce noticeable amounts of cell death. Kinetic analyses suggested that time-shifted drug exposure might further increase responsiveness, with marizomib pre-treatments indeed strongly enhancing cell death. Cell death responses upon the addition of IZI1551 could also be observed in GBM cells that were kept in a medium collected from the basolateral side of a human hCMEC/D3 BBB model that had been exposed to marizomib. Interestingly, the subset of GBM cell lines resistant to IZI1551+marizomib treatments expressed lower surface amounts of TRAIL death receptors, substantially lower amounts of procaspase-8, and increased amounts of cFLIP, suggesting that apoptosis initiation was likely too weak to initiate downstream apoptosis execution. Indeed, experiments in which the mitochondrial apoptosis threshold was lowered by antagonizing Mcl-1 re-established sensitivity to IZI1551+marizomib in otherwise resistant cells. Overall, our study demonstrates a high efficacy of combination treatments with a latest-generation TRAIL receptor agonist and the BBB permeant proteasome inhibitor marizomib in relevant GBM cell models, as well as strategies to further enhance responsiveness and to sensitize subgroups of otherwise resistant GBM cases.
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19
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Su Z, Han S, Jin Q, Zhou N, Lu J, Shangguan F, Yu S, Liu Y, Wang L, Lu J, Li Q, Cai L, Wang C, Tian X, Chen L, Zheng W, Lu B. Ciclopirox and bortezomib synergistically inhibits glioblastoma multiforme growth via simultaneously enhancing JNK/p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:251. [PMID: 33674562 PMCID: PMC7935936 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03535-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ciclopirox (CPX) is an antifungal drug that has recently been reported to act as a potential anticancer drug. However, the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of CPX on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remain unknown. Bortezomib (BTZ) is the first proteasome inhibitor-based anticancer drug approved to treat multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, as BTZ exhibits toxic effects on diverse tumor cells. Herein, we show that CPX displays strong anti-tumorigenic activity on GBM. Mechanistically, CPX inhibits GBM cellular migration and invasion by reducing N-Cadherin, MMP9 and Snail expression. Further analysis revealed that CPX suppresses the expression of several key subunits of mitochondrial enzyme complex, thus leading to the disruption of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in GBM cells. In combination with BTZ, CPX promotes apoptosis in GBM cells through the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Moreover, CPX and BTZ synergistically activates nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling and induces cellular senescence. Our findings suggest that a combination of CPX and BTZ may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance the anticancer activity of CPX against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengnan Han
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Qiumei Jin
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ningning Zhou
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junwan Lu
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fugen Shangguan
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiyi Yu
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongzhang Liu
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianglong Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengde Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohe Tian
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lingyan Chen
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiming Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Bin Lu
- Protein Quality Control and Diseases Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Hasanpour Segherlou Z, Nouri-Vaskeh M, Noroozi Guilandehi S, Baghbanzadeh A, Zand R, Baradaran B, Zarei M. GDF-15: Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance in glioblastoma multiforme. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5564-5581. [PMID: 33580506 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the commonest primary malignant brain tumor and has a remarkably weak prognosis. According to the aggressive form of GBM, understanding the accurate molecular mechanism associated with GBM pathogenesis is essential. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) belongs to transforming growth factor-β superfamily with important roles to control biological processes. It affects cancer growth and progression, drug resistance, and metastasis. It also can promote stemness in many cancers, and also can stress reactions control, bone generation, hematopoietic growth, adipose tissue performance, and body growth, and contributes to cardiovascular disorders. The role GDF-15 to develop and progress cancer is complicated and remains unclear. GDF-15 possesses tumor suppressor properties, as well as an oncogenic effect. GDF-15 antitumorigenic and protumorigenic impacts on tumor development are linked to the cancer type and stage. However, the GDF-15 signaling and mechanism have not yet been completely identified because of no recognized cognate receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoud Nouri-Vaskeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Zand
- Department of Neurology, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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21
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Expression, Prognosis, and Immune Infiltrates Analyses of E2Fs in Human Brain and CNS Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6281635. [PMID: 33381564 PMCID: PMC7755476 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6281635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective We investigated the expression patterns, potential functions, unique prognostic value, and potential therapeutic targets of E2Fs in brain and CNS cancer and tumor-infiltrating immune cell microenvironments. Methods We analyzed E2F mRNA expression levels in diverse cancer types via Oncomine and GEPIA databases, respectively. Moreover, we evaluated the prognostic values using GEPIA database and TCGAportal database and the correlation of E2F expression with immune infiltration and the correlation between immune cell infiltration and GBM and LGG prognosis via TIMER database. Then, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, and DAVID databases were used for mutation analysis, PPI network analysis of coexpressed gene, and functional enrichment analysis. Results E2F1-8 expression increased in most cancers, including brain and CNS cancer. Higher expression in E2F1, 2, 4, 6, 7, and 8 indicated poor OS of LGG. Higher E2F3–6 and E2F1–8 expressions correlated with poor prognosis and increased immune infiltration levels in CD8+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and DCs in GBM and CD8+ T cells, B cells, CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and DCs in LGG, respectively. Conclusion E2F1–8 and E2F2–8 could be hopeful prognostic biomarkers of GBM and LGG, respectively. E2F3–6 and E2F1–8 could be likely therapeutic targets in patients with immune cell infiltration of GBM and LGG, respectively.
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22
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Quillin J, Patel R, Herzberg E, Alton D, Bikzhanova G, Geisler L, Olson J. A phase 0 analysis of ixazomib in patients with glioblastoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 13:43. [PMID: 32874573 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving overall survival in recurrent glioblastoma remains a challenge, and drugs acting by unique mechanisms are urgently required. Ixazomib is an orally-administered proteasome inhibitor used in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone to treat patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least one prior therapy. However, ixazomib's ability to reach brain tumors has not been studied during its development. The aim of the present study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02630030) was to establish and quantify ixazomib's presence in glioblastoma. The present study investigated 3 patients with recurrent glioblastoma after administration of oral ixazomib citrate (MLN 9708) at a fixed 4.0 mg dose within a 3-hpreoperative window. A total of 2 blood samples were taken from each patient at the time of incision, tumor sampling and closure. Brain tumor samples were collected during tumor resection. These samples were then used to measure the plasma and brain tumor tissue concentration of the biologically-active form of ixazomib (MLN 2238). Patient 1 had plasma concentrations of ixazomib averaging 26.2, 21.8 and 15.3 ng/ml at incision, tumor sampling and closure, respectively. The brain tumor tissue concentration was 7.88 ng/g. Patient 2 had the same interval and brain tumor tissue measurements of 19.0, 18.0 and 8.93 ng/ml, and 2.03 ng/g. Patient 3 had plasma concentration interval measurements of 25.6, 36.2 and 28.7 ng/ml. Multiple brain tumor tissue samples were taken in patient 3, with an average tissue ixazomib concentration of 3.37 ng/g. Ixazomib was found at plasma concentrations commensurate with its previously established pharmacokinetic profile without clinically relevant drug-related adverse events. Ixazomib reaches glioblastoma tissues at measurable concentrations at the time of tumor resection, confirming target tissue delivery. This justifies the phase I study of ixazomib in recurrent glioblastoma currently in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Quillin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rikesh Patel
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Denny Alton
- Covance Laboratories, Inc., Madison, WI 53704, USA
| | | | - Lisa Geisler
- Covance Laboratories, Inc., Madison, WI 53704, USA
| | - Jeffrey Olson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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23
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Roth P, Mason WP, Richardson PG, Weller M. Proteasome inhibition for the treatment of glioblastoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:1133-1141. [PMID: 32746640 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1803827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma is a primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis despite multimodal therapy including surgery, radiotherapy and alkylating chemotherapy. Novel therapeutic options are therefore urgently needed; however, there have been various drug failures in late-stage clinical development. The proteasome represents a key target for anti-cancer therapy as successfully shown in multiple myeloma and other hematologic malignancies. AREAS COVERED This review article summarizes the preclinical and clinical development of proteasome inhibitors in the context of glioblastoma. EXPERT OPINION Early clinical trials with bortezomib ended with disappointing results, possibly because this agent does not cross the blood-brain barrier. In contrast to bortezomib and other proteasome inhibitors, marizomib is a novel drug that displays strong inhibitory properties on all enzymatic subunits of the proteasome and, most importantly, crosses the blood-brain barrier, making it a potentially very active novel agent against intrinsic brain tumors. While preclinical studies have demonstrated significant anti-glioma activity, its clinical benefit has yet to be proven. Exploiting the biological effects of proteasome inhibitors in combination with other therapeutic strategies may represent a key next step in their clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Roth
- Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, University Hospital and University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Warren P Mason
- Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul G Richardson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, University Hospital and University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Markouli M, Strepkos D, Papavassiliou AG, Piperi C. Targeting of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in gliomas. Pharmacol Res 2020; 157:104823. [PMID: 32305494 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas remain a group of malignant brain tumors with dismal prognosis and limited treatment options with molecular mechanisms being constantly investigated. The past decade, extracellular stress and intracellular DNA damage have been shown to disturb proteostasis leading to Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress that is implicated in the regulation of gene expression and the pathogenesis of several tumor types, including gliomas. Upon ER stress induction, neoplastic cells activate the adaptive mechanism of unfolded protein response (UPR), an integrated signaling system that either restores ER homeostasis or induces cell apoptosis. Recently, the manipulation of the UPR has emerged as a new therapeutic target in glioma treatment. General UPR activators or selective GRP78, ATF6 and PERK inducers have been detected to modulate cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of glioma cells. At the same time, target-specific UPR inhibitors and small molecule proteostasis disruptors, work in reverse to increase misfolded proteins and cause a dysregulation in protein maturation and sorting, thus preventing the growth of neoplastic cells. Herein, we discuss the pathogenic implication of ER stress in gliomas onset and progression, providing an update on the current UPR modifying agents that can be potentially used in glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Markouli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Strepkos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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25
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Saha S, Kiran M, Kuscu C, Chatrath A, Wotton D, Mayo MW, Dutta A. Long Noncoding RNA DRAIC Inhibits Prostate Cancer Progression by Interacting with IKK to Inhibit NF-κB Activation. Cancer Res 2020; 80:950-963. [PMID: 31900260 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
DRAIC is a 1.7 kb spliced long noncoding RNA downregulated in castration-resistant advanced prostate cancer. Decreased DRAIC expression predicts poor patient outcome in prostate and seven other cancers, while increased DRAIC represses growth of xenografted tumors. Here, we show that cancers with decreased DRAIC expression have increased NF-κB target gene expression. DRAIC downregulation increased cell invasion and soft agar colony formation; this was dependent on NF-κB activation. DRAIC interacted with subunits of the IκB kinase (IKK) complex to inhibit their interaction with each other, the phosphorylation of IκBα, and the activation of NF-κB. These functions of DRAIC mapped to the same fragment containing bases 701-905. Thus, DRAIC lncRNA inhibits prostate cancer progression through suppression of NF-κB activation by interfering with IKK activity. SIGNIFICANCE: A cytoplasmic tumor-suppressive lncRNA interacts with and inhibits a major kinase that activates an oncogenic transcription factor in prostate cancer. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/5/950/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar Saha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Manjari Kiran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Canan Kuscu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ajay Chatrath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - David Wotton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Marty W Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Anindya Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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Zhang D, Liu Y, Luo Z, Chen Y, Xu A, Liang Y, Wu B, Tong X, Liu X, Shen H, Liu L, Wei Y, Zhou H, Liu Y, Zhou F. The novel thioredoxin reductase inhibitor A-Z2 triggers intrinsic apoptosis and shows efficacy in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:275-286. [PMID: 31730934 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance and high incidence of relapse in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients are associated with thioredoxin (Trx) overexpression. Thus, targeting the Trx system has emerged as a promising approach to treating AML. Both arsenicals and azelaic acid (AZA) are thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitors and possess antileukemic effects. In this study, to exploit agents with higher potency and lower toxicity, we got some organic arsenicals and further synthesized a series of targeted compounds by binding AZA to organic arsenicals, and then screened the most effective one, N-(4-(1, 3, 2-dithiarsinan-2-yl) phenyl)-azelamide (A-Z2). A-Z2 showed a stronger inhibitory effect against TrxR activity and in AML cell lines than did AZA or arsenicals. Additionally, A-Z2 was less toxic to healthy cells compared with traditional chemotherapeutic drugs. A-Z2 induces apoptosis by collapsing of mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing ATP level, releasing of cytochrome c and TNF-α, activating of caspase 9, 8 and 3. Analysis of the mechanism revealed that A-Z2 activates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway by directly selectively targeting TrxR/Trx and indirectly inhibiting NF-κB. A-Z2's better efficacy and safety profile against arsenicals and azelaic acid were also evident in vivo. A-Z2 had better plasma stability and biological activity in rats. A-Z2-treated mice displayed significant symptom relief and prolonged survival in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) AML model. Herein, our study provides a novel antitumor candidate and approach for treating AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 4300071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yujiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ziyi Luo
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 4300071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 4300071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Anjie Xu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 4300071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yuxing Liang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 4300071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Balu Wu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 4300071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiqin Tong
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 4300071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 4300071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 4300071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 4300071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yongchang Wei
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Haibing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 4300071, Hubei Province, China.
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27
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Sari G, Okat Z, Sahin A, Karademir B. Proteasome Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy and their Relation to Redox Regulation. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5252-5267. [PMID: 30706779 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190201120013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is important for the maintenance of cell survival. Under physiological conditions, redox system works in a balance and involves activation of many signaling molecules. Regulation of redox balance via signaling molecules is achieved by different pathways and proteasomal system is a key pathway in this process. Importance of proteasomal system on signaling pathways has been investigated for many years. In this direction, many proteasome targeting molecules have been developed. Some of them are already in the clinic for cancer treatment and some are still under investigation to highlight underlying mechanisms. Although there are many studies done, molecular mechanisms of proteasome inhibitors and related signaling pathways need more detailed explanations. This review aims to discuss redox status and proteasomal system related signaling pathways. In addition, cancer therapies targeting proteasomal system and their effects on redox-related pathways have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulce Sari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine / Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Okan University, 34959, Tuzla, I stanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Okat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine / Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Sahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine / Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betul Karademir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine / Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
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28
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Tang JH, Yang L, Chen JX, Li QR, Zhu LR, Xu QF, Huang GH, Zhang ZX, Xiang Y, Du L, Zhou Z, Lv SQ. Bortezomib inhibits growth and sensitizes glioma to temozolomide (TMZ) via down-regulating the FOXM1-Survivin axis. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2019; 39:81. [PMID: 31796105 PMCID: PMC6892143 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-019-0424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-grade glioma (HGG) is a fatal human cancer. Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma but its use in glioma awaits further investigation. This study aimed to explore the chemotherapeutic effect and the underlying mechanism of bortezomib on gliomas. Methods U251 and U87 cell viability and proliferation were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, tumor cell spheroid growth, and colony formation assay. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. Temozolomide (TMZ)-insensitive cell lines were induced by long-term TMZ treatment, and cells with stem cell characteristics were enriched with stem cell culture medium. The mRNA levels of interested genes were measured via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and protein levels were determined via Western blotting/immunofluorescent staining in cell lines and immunohistochemical staining in paraffin-embedded sections. Via inoculating U87 cells subcutaneously, glioma xenograft models in nude mice were established for drug experiments. Patient survival data were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results Bortezomib inhibited the viability and proliferation of U251 and U87 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Bortezomib also significantly inhibited the spheroid growth, colony formation, and stem-like cell proliferation of U251 and U87 cells. When administrated in combination, bortezomib showed synergistic effect with TMZ in vitro and sensitized glioma to TMZ treatment both in vitro and in vivo. Bortezomib reduced both the mRNA and protein levels of Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) and its target gene Survivin. The FOXM1–Survivin axis was markedly up-regulated in established TMZ-insensitive glioma cell lines and HGG patients. Expression levels of FOXM1 and Survivin were positively correlated with each other and both related to poor prognosis in glioma patients. Conclusions Bortezomib was found to inhibit glioma growth and improved TMZ chemotherapy efficacy, probably via down-regulating the FOXM1–Survivin axis. Bortezomib might be a promising agent for treating malignant glioma, alone or in combination with TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hai Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China
| | - Ju-Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Rui Li
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Li-Rong Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Children Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Fu Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Hao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China
| | - Zuo-Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China.
| | - Sheng-Qing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China.
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29
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Mathen P, Rowe L, Mackey M, Smart D, Tofilon P, Camphausen K. Radiosensitizers in the temozolomide era for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Neurooncol Pract 2019; 7:268-276. [PMID: 32537176 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npz057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a challenging diagnosis with almost universally poor prognosis. Though the survival advantage of postoperative radiation (RT) is well established, around 90% of patients will fail in the RT field. The high likelihood of local failure suggests the efficacy of RT needs to be improved to improve clinical outcomes. Radiosensitizers are an established method of enhancing RT cell killing through the addition of a pharmaceutical agent. Though the majority of trials using radiosensitizers have historically been unsuccessful, there continues to be interest with a variety of approaches having been employed. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, antiangiogenic agents, and a number of other molecularly targeted agents have all been investigated as potential methods of radiosensitization in the temozolomide era. Outcomes have varied both in terms of toxicity and survival, but some agents such as valproic acid and bortezomib have demonstrated promising results. However, reporting of results in phase 2 trials in newly diagnosed GBM have been inconsistent, with no standard in reporting progression-free survival and toxicity. There is a pressing need for investigation of new agents; however, nearly all phase 3 trials of GBM patients of the past 25 years have demonstrated no improvement in outcomes. One proposed explanation for this is the selection of agents lacking sufficient preclinical data and/or based on poorly designed phase 2 trials. Radiosensitization may represent a viable strategy for improving GBM outcomes in newly diagnosed patients, and further investigation using agents with promising phase 2 data is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mathen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lindsay Rowe
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Megan Mackey
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - DeeDee Smart
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip Tofilon
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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30
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Mofers A, Perego P, Selvaraju K, Gatti L, Gullbo J, Linder S, D'Arcy P. Analysis of determinants for in vitro resistance to the small molecule deubiquitinase inhibitor b-AP15. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223807. [PMID: 31639138 PMCID: PMC6804958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND b-AP15/VLX1570 are small molecule inhibitors of the ubiquitin specific peptidase 14 (USP14) and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 5 (UCHL5) deubiquitinases (DUBs) of the 19S proteasome. b-AP15/VLX1570 have been shown to be cytotoxic to cells resistant to bortezomib, raising the possibility that this class of drugs can be used as a second-line therapy for treatment-resistant multiple myeloma. Limited information is available with regard to potential resistance mechanisms to b-AP15/VLX1570. RESULTS We found that b-AP15-induced cell death is cell-cycle dependent and that non-cycling tumor cells may evade b-AP15-induced cell death. Such non-cycling cells may re-enter the proliferative state to form colonies of drug-sensitive cells. Long-term selection of cells with b-AP15 resulted in limited drug resistance (~2-fold) that could be reversed by buthionine sulphoximine, implying altered glutathione (GSH) metabolism as a resistance mechanism. In contrast, drug uptake and overexpression of drug efflux transporters were found not to be associated with b-AP15 resistance. CONCLUSIONS The proteasome DUB inhibitors b-AP15/VLX1570 are cell cycle-active. The slow and incomplete development of resistance towards these compounds is an attractive feature in view of future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan Mofers
- Department of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Paola Perego
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Karthik Selvaraju
- Department of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Laura Gatti
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Joachim Gullbo
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Section of Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Padraig D'Arcy
- Department of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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31
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Altinoz MA, Topcu G, Elmaci İ. Boron's neurophysiological effects and tumoricidal activity on glioblastoma cells with implications for clinical treatment. Int J Neurosci 2019; 129:963-977. [PMID: 30885023 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1595618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To define the actions of boron on normal neurophysiology and glioblastoma growth. Materials and Methods: PubMed and other relevant databases were searched. Results: Discovery of novel boron compounds in treatment of glioblastoma is being actively investigated, but the majority of such studies is focused on the synthesis of boron compounds as sensitizers to Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). Nonetheless, the translational functionality of boron compounds is not limited to BNCT as many boron compounds possess direct tumoricidal activity and there is substantial evidence that certain boron compounds can cross the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, boron-containing compounds interfere with several tumorigenic pathways including intratumoral IGF-I levels, molybdenum Fe-S containing flavin hydroxylases, glycolysis, Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) and Store Operated Calcium Entry (SOCE) channels. Conclusions: Boron compounds deserve to be studied further in treatment of systemic cancers and glioblastoma due to their versatile antineoplastic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meric A Altinoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acibadem University , Istanbul , Turkey.,Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University , Holland , Turkey
| | - Gulacti Topcu
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - İlhan Elmaci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
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32
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Hong AL, Tseng YY, Wala JA, Kim WJ, Kynnap BD, Doshi MB, Kugener G, Sandoval GJ, Howard TP, Li J, Yang X, Tillgren M, Ghandi M, Sayeed A, Deasy R, Ward A, McSteen B, Labella KM, Keskula P, Tracy A, Connor C, Clinton CM, Church AJ, Crompton BD, Janeway KA, Van Hare B, Sandak D, Gjoerup O, Bandopadhayay P, Clemons PA, Schreiber SL, Root DE, Gokhale PC, Chi SN, Mullen EA, Roberts CW, Kadoch C, Beroukhim R, Ligon KL, Boehm JS, Hahn WC. Renal medullary carcinomas depend upon SMARCB1 loss and are sensitive to proteasome inhibition. eLife 2019; 8:44161. [PMID: 30860482 PMCID: PMC6436895 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare and deadly kidney cancer in patients of African descent with sickle cell trait. We have developed faithful patient-derived RMC models and using whole-genome sequencing, we identified loss-of-function intronic fusion events in one SMARCB1 allele with concurrent loss of the other allele. Biochemical and functional characterization of these models revealed that RMC requires the loss of SMARCB1 for survival. Through integration of RNAi and CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function genetic screens and a small-molecule screen, we found that the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) was essential in RMC. Inhibition of the UPS caused a G2/M arrest due to constitutive accumulation of cyclin B1. These observations extend across cancers that harbor SMARCB1 loss, which also require expression of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, UBE2C. Our studies identify a synthetic lethal relationship between SMARCB1-deficient cancers and reliance on the UPS which provides the foundation for a mechanism-informed clinical trial with proteasome inhibitors. Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC for short) is a rare type of kidney cancer that affects teenagers and young adults. These patients are usually of African descent and carry one of the two genetic changes that cause sickle cell anemia. RMC is an aggressive disease without effective treatments and patients survive, on average, for only six to eight months after their diagnosis. Recent genetic studies found that most RMC cells have mutations that prevent them from producing a protein called SMARCB1. SMARCB1 normally acts as a so-called tumor suppressor, preventing cells from becoming cancerous. However, it was not clear whether RMCs always have to lose SMARCB1 if they are to survive and grow. Often, diseases are studied using laboratory-grown cells and tissues that have certain features of the disease. No such models had been created for RMC, which has slowed efforts to understand how the disease develops and find new treatments for it. Hong et al. therefore worked with patients to develop new lines of cells that can be used to study RMC in the laboratory. These RMC cells started dying when they were given copies of the SMARCB1 gene, which supports the theory that RMCs have to lose SMARCB1 in order to grow. Hong et al. then used a set of genetic reagents that can suppress or delete genes that are targeted by drugs, and followed this by testing a range of drugs on the RMC cells. Drugs and genetic reagents that reduced the activity of the proteasome – the structure inside cells that gets rid of old or unwanted proteins – caused the RMC cells to die. These proteasome inhibitor drugs also killed other kinds of cancer cells with SMARCB1 mutations. Proteasome inhibitors are already used to treat different types of cancer. Potentially, a clinical trial could be run to see if they will treat patients whose cancers lack SMARCB1. Further work is also needed to determine the exact link between SMARCB1 and the proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Hong
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Yuen-Yi Tseng
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Wala
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Won-Jun Kim
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | | | - Mihir B Doshi
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - Gabriel J Sandoval
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - Ji Li
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - Mahmhoud Ghandi
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Abeer Sayeed
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Rebecca Deasy
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Abigail Ward
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Brian McSteen
- Rare Cancer Research Foundation, Durham, United States
| | | | - Paula Keskula
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Adam Tracy
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Cora Connor
- RMC Support, North Charleston, United States
| | - Catherine M Clinton
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | | | - Brian D Crompton
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Katherine A Janeway
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | | | - David Sandak
- Rare Cancer Research Foundation, Durham, United States
| | - Ole Gjoerup
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Paul A Clemons
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - Susan N Chi
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Mullen
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | | | - Cigall Kadoch
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Jesse S Boehm
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - William C Hahn
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
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33
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Kim Y, Lee J, Lee D, Othmer HG. Synergistic Effects of Bortezomib-OV Therapy and Anti-Invasive Strategies in Glioblastoma: A Mathematical Model. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E215. [PMID: 30781871 PMCID: PMC6406513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the regulation of tumor growth and the efficacy of anti-tumor therapies. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of combination therapies, using oncolytic viruses (OVs) in conjunction with proteosome inhibitors for the treatment of glioblastoma, but the role of the TME in such therapies has not been studied. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model for combination therapies based on the proteosome inhibitor bortezomib and the oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV), with the goal of understanding their roles in bortezomib-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and how the balance between apoptosis and necroptosis is affected by the treatment protocol. We show that the TME plays a significant role in anti-tumor efficacy in OV combination therapy, and illustrate the effect of different spatial patterns of OV injection. The results illustrate a possible phenotypic switch within tumor populations in a given microenvironment, and suggest new anti-invasion therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjin Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Junho Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Donggu Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hans G Othmer
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Rawat K, Shard A, Jadhav M, Gandhi M, Anand P, Purohit R, Padwad Y, Sinha AK. Styryl-cinnamate hybrid inhibits glioma by alleviating translation, bioenergetics and other key cellular responses leading to apoptosis. Exp Cell Res 2019; 375:11-21. [PMID: 30513337 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are lethal and aggressive form of brain tumors with resistance to conventional radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapies; inviting continuous efforts for drug discovery and drug delivery. Interestingly, small molecule hybrids are one such pharmacophore that continues to capture interest owing to their pluripotent medicinal effects. Accordingly, we earlier reported synthesis of potent Styryl-cinnamate hybrids (analogues of Salvianolic acid F) along with its plausible mode of action (MOA). We explored iTRAQ-LC/MS-MS technique to deduce differentially expressed landscape of native & phospho-proteins in treated glioma cells. Based on this, Protein-Protein Interactome (PPI) was looked into by employing computational tools and further validated in vitro. We hereby report that the Styryl-cinnamate hybrid, an analogue of natural Salvianolic acid F, alters key regulatory proteins involved in translation, cytoskeleton development, bioenergetics, DNA repair, angiogenesis and ubiquitination. Cell cycle analysis dictates arrest at G0/G1 stage along with reduced levels of cyclin D; involved in G1 progression. We discovered that Styryl-cinnamate hybrid targets glioma by intrinsically triggering metabolite-mediated stress. Various oncological circuits alleviated by the potential drug candidate strongly supports the role of such pharmacophores as anticancer drugs. Although, further analysis of SC hybrid in treating xenografts or solid tumors is yet to be explored but their candidature has gained huge impetus through this study. This study equips us better in understanding the shift in proteomic landscape after treating glioma cells with SC hybrid. It also allows us to elicit molecular targets of this potential drug before progressing to preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Rawat
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 H.P., India
| | - Amit Shard
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 H.P., India
| | - Manali Jadhav
- SAIF, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mayuri Gandhi
- SAIF, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prince Anand
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 H.P., India
| | - Rituraj Purohit
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 H.P., India
| | - Yogendra Padwad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 H.P., India.
| | - Arun K Sinha
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 H.P., India; Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031 U.P., India.
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35
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Wierzbicki M, Sawosz E, Strojny B, Jaworski S, Grodzik M, Chwalibog A. NF-κB-related decrease of glioma angiogenic potential by graphite nanoparticles and graphene oxide nanoplatelets. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14733. [PMID: 30283098 PMCID: PMC6170400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas develop an expanded vessel network and a microenvironment characterized by an altered redox environment, which produces high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that fuel its growth and malignancy. ROS and RNS can influence tumor cell malignancy via the redox-regulated transcription factor NF-κB, whose activation is further regulated by the mutation status of p53. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of graphite nanoparticles (NG) and graphene oxide nanoplatelets (nGO) on the angiogenic potential of glioma cell lines with different p53 statuses. Nanoparticle treatment of glioma cells decreased the angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) cocultured with U87 (p53 wild type) and was not effective for U118 (p53 mutant) cells. Nanoparticle activity was related to the decreased level of intracellular ROS and RNS, which downregulated NF-κB signaling depending on the p53 status of the cell line. Activation of NF-κB signaling affected downstream protein levels of interleukin 6, interleukin 8, growth-regulated oncogene α, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1. These results indicate that the activity of NG and nGO can be regulated by the mutation status of glioma cells and therefore give new insights into the use of nanoparticles in personalized biomedical applications regarding glioma angiogenesis and its microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Strojny
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 3, 1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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36
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Patatsos K, Shekhar TM, Hawkins CJ. Pre-clinical evaluation of proteasome inhibitors for canine and human osteosarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:544-553. [PMID: 29998615 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, a common malignancy in large dog breeds, typically metastasises from long bones to lungs and is usually fatal within 1 to 2 years of diagnosis. Better therapies are needed for canine patients and their human counterparts, a third of whom die within 5 years of diagnosis. We compared the in vitro sensitivity of canine osteosarcoma cells derived from 4 tumours to the currently used chemotherapy drugs doxorubicin and carboplatin, and 4 new anti-cancer drugs. Agents targeting histone deacetylases or PARP were ineffective. Two of the 4 cell lines were somewhat sensitive to the BH3-mimetic navitoclax. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib potently induced caspase-dependent apoptosis, at concentrations substantially lower than levels detected in the bones and lungs of treated rodents. Co-treatment with bortezomib and either doxorubicin or carboplatin was more toxic to canine osteosarcoma cells than each agent alone. Newer proteasome inhibitors carfilzomib, ixazomib, oprozomib and delanzomib manifested similar activities to bortezomib. Human osteosarcoma cells were as sensitive to bortezomib as the canine cells, but slightly less sensitive to the newer drugs. Human osteoblasts were less sensitive to proteasome inhibition than osteosarcoma cells, but physiologically relevant concentrations were toxic. Such toxicity, if replicated in vivo, may impair bone growth and strength in adolescent human osteosarcoma patients, but may be tolerated by canine patients, which are usually diagnosed later in life. Proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib may be useful for treating canine osteosarcoma, and ultimately may improve outcomes for human patients if their osteoblasts survive exposure in vivo, or if osteoblast toxicity can be managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Patatsos
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - T M Shekhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C J Hawkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Comba A, Bonnet LV, Goitea VE, Hallak ME, Galiano MR. Arginylated Calreticulin Increases Apoptotic Response Induced by Bortezomib in Glioma Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1653-1664. [PMID: 29916141 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
After retrotranslocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytoplasm, calreticulin is modified by the enzyme arginyltransferase-1 (ATE1). Cellular levels of arginylated calreticulin (R-CRT) are regulated in part by the proteasomal system. Under various stress conditions, R-CRT becomes associated with stress granules (SGs) or reaches the plasma membrane (PM), where it participates in pro-apoptotic signaling. The mechanisms underlying the resistance of tumor cells to apoptosis induced by specific drugs remain unclear. We evaluated the regulatory role of R-CRT in apoptosis of human glioma cell lines treated with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BT). Two cell lines (HOG, MO59K) displaying distinctive susceptibility to apoptosis induction were studied further. BT efficiency was found to be correlated with a subcellular distribution of R-CRT. In MO59K (apoptosis-resistant), R-CRT was confined to SGs formed following BT treatment. In contrast, HOG (apoptosis-susceptible) treated with BT showed lower SG formation and higher levels of cytosolic and PM R-CRT. Increased R-CRT level was associated with enhanced mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ and with sustained apoptosis activation via upregulation of cell death receptor DR5. R-CRT overexpression in the cytoplasm of MO59K rendered the cells susceptible to BT-induced, DR5-mediated cell death. Our findings suggest that R-CRT plays an essential role in the effect of BT treatment on tumor cells and that ATE1 is a strong candidate target for future studies of cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Comba
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura V Bonnet
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Victor E Goitea
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marta E Hallak
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mauricio R Galiano
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
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38
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Lan YL, Wang X, Lou JC, Xing JS, Yu ZL, Wang H, Zou S, Ma X, Zhang B. Bufalin inhibits glioblastoma growth by promoting proteasomal degradation of the Na +/K +-ATPase α1 subunit. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:204-215. [PMID: 29653366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chansu is a traditional Chinese medicine that is generally recognized as a specific inhibitor of Na+/K+-ATPase. Bufalin, an active component of Chansu, is an endogenous steroid hormone with great potential as a cancer treatment. However, the mechanism by which it exerts its antitumor activity requires further research. Currently, the α1 subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase (ATP1A1) is known to exert important roles in tumorigenesis, and the precise mechanisms underlying the effect of Bufalin on the Na+/K+-ATPase α1 subunit was therefore investigated in this study to determine its role in glioblastoma treatments. The effect of ATP1A1 on the sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to Bufalin was investigated using MTT assays, RT-PCR and siRNA. Western blot was also used to explore the important roles of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in the Bufalin-mediated inhibition of ATP1A1. Xenografted mice were used to examine the anti-tumor activity of Bufalin in vivo. LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to determine the ability of Bufalin to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The results indicated that Bufalin inhibited the expression of ATP1A1 in glioblastoma by promoting the activation of proteasomes and the subsequent protein degradation of ATP1A1, while Bufalin had no effect on ATP1A1 protein synthesis. Bufalin also inhibited the expression of ATP1A1 in xenografted mice and significantly suppressed tumor growth. These data should contribute to future basic and clinical investigations of Bufalin. In conclusion, Bufalin significantly inhibited the expression of ATP1A1 in glioblastoma cells by activating the ubiquitin-proteasome signaling pathway. Bufalin may therefore have the potential to be an effective anti-glioma drug for human glioblastoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhong Shan Road, Dalian, 116023, China; Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China; Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China; Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhong Shan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhong Shan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jin-Shan Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhong Shan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhen-Long Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Hongjin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shuang Zou
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhong Shan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Yu KKH, Taylor JT, Pathmanaban ON, Youshani AS, Beyit D, Dutko-Gwozdz J, Benson R, Griffiths G, Peers I, Cueppens P, Telfer BA, Williams KJ, McBain C, Kamaly-Asl ID, Bigger BW. High content screening of patient-derived cell lines highlights the potential of non-standard chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of glioblastoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193694. [PMID: 29499065 PMCID: PMC5834163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain malignancy in adults, yet survival outcomes remain poor. First line treatment is well established, however disease invariably recurs and improving prognosis is challenging. With the aim of personalizing therapy at recurrence, we have established a high content screening (HCS) platform to analyze the sensitivity profile of seven patient-derived cancer stem cell lines to 83 FDA-approved chemotherapy drugs, with and without irradiation. METHODS Seven cancer stem cell lines were derived from patients with GBM and, along with the established cell line U87-MG, each patient-derived line was cultured in tandem in serum-free conditions as adherent monolayers and three-dimensional neurospheres. Chemotherapeutics were screened at multiple concentrations and cells double-stained to observe their effect on both cell death and proliferation. Sensitivity was classified using high-throughput algorithmic image analysis. RESULTS Cell line specific drug responses were observed across the seven patient-derived cell lines. Few agents were seen to have radio-sensitizing effects, yet some drug classes showed a marked difference in efficacy between monolayers and neurospheres. In vivo validation of six drugs suggested that cell death readout in a three-dimensional culture scenario is a more physiologically relevant screening model and could be used effectively to assess the chemosensitivity of patient-derived GBM lines. CONCLUSION The study puts forward a number of non-standard chemotherapeutics that could be useful in the treatment of recurrent GBM, namely mitoxantrone, bortezomib and actinomycin D, whilst demonstrating the potential of HCS to be used for personalized treatment based on the chemosensitivity profile of patient tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Kwok-Hei Yu
- Brain Tumour Research Group, Stem Cell and Neurotherapies Laboratory, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica T. Taylor
- Brain Tumour Research Group, Stem Cell and Neurotherapies Laboratory, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Omar N. Pathmanaban
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Saam Youshani
- Brain Tumour Research Group, Stem Cell and Neurotherapies Laboratory, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Deniz Beyit
- Imagen Therapeutics, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Ian Peers
- Inferstats Consulting, Alderley Park, Biohub, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Cueppens
- Inferstats Consulting, Alderley Park, Biohub, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Brian A. Telfer
- Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, School of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kaye J. Williams
- Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, School of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine McBain
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Christie NHS FT, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ian D. Kamaly-Asl
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Network (CBTRN), Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Brian W. Bigger
- Brain Tumour Research Group, Stem Cell and Neurotherapies Laboratory, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Kong XT, Nguyen NT, Choi YJ, Zhang G, Nguyen HN, Filka E, Green S, Yong WH, Liau LM, Green RM, Kaprealian T, Pope WB, Nghiemphu PL, Cloughesy T, Lassman A, Lai A. Phase 2 Study of Bortezomib Combined With Temozolomide and Regional Radiation Therapy for Upfront Treatment of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme: Safety and Efficacy Assessment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 100:1195-1203. [PMID: 29722661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the safety and efficacy of upfront treatment using bortezomib combined with standard radiation therapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ), followed by adjuvant bortezomib and TMZ for ≤24 cycles, in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). METHODS AND MATERIALS Twenty-four patients with newly diagnosed GBM were enrolled. The patients received standard external beam regional RT with concurrent TMZ beginning 3 to 6 weeks after surgery, followed by adjuvant TMZ and bortezomib for ≤24 cycles or until tumor progression. During RT, bortezomib was given at 1.3 mg/m2 on days 1, 4, 8, 11, 29, 32, 36, and 39. After RT, bortezomib was given at 1.3 mg/m2 on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 every 4 weeks. RESULTS No unexpected adverse events occurred from the addition of bortezomib. The efficacy analysis showed a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 6.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.7-8.8), with promising PFS rates at ≥18 months compared with historical norms (25.0% at 18 and 24 months; 16.7% at 30 months). In terms of overall survival (OS), the median OS was 19.1 months (95% CI 6.7-31.4), with improved OS rates at ≥12 months (87.5% at 12, 50.0% at 24, 34.1% at 36-60 months) compared with the historical norms. The median PFS was 24.7 months (95% CI 8.5-41.0) in 10 MGMT methylated and 5.1 months (95% CI 3.9-6.2) in 13 unmethylated patients. The estimated median OS was 61 months (95% CI upper bound not reached) in the methylated and 16.4 months (95% CI 11.8-21.0) in the unmethylated patients. CONCLUSIONS The addition of bortezomib to current standard radiochemotherapy in newly diagnosed GBM patients was tolerable. The PFS and OS rates appeared promising, with more benefit to MGMT methylated patients. Further clinical investigation is warranted in a larger cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tang Kong
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine at University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Nhung T Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yoon J Choi
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Guicheng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China, and Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - HuyTram N Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Emese Filka
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stacey Green
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - William H Yong
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Linda M Liau
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Richard M Green
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tania Kaprealian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Whitney B Pope
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - P Leia Nghiemphu
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Timothy Cloughesy
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew Lassman
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Albert Lai
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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41
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Zaky W, Manton C, Miller CP, Khatua S, Gopalakrishnan V, Chandra J. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in adult and pediatric brain tumors: biological insights and therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 36:617-633. [PMID: 29071526 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 20 years ago, the concept of targeting the proteasome for cancer therapy began gaining momentum. This concept was driven by increased understanding of the biology/structure and function of the 26S proteasome, insight into the role of the proteasome in transformed cells, and the synthesis of pharmacological inhibitors with clinically favorable features. Subsequent in vitro, in vivo, and clinical testing culminated in the FDA approval of three proteasome inhibitors-bortezomib, carfilzomib, and ixazomib -for specific hematological malignancies. However, despite in vitro and in vivo studies pointing towards efficacy in solid tumors, clinical responses broadly have been evasive. For brain tumors, a malignancy in dire need of new approaches both in adult and pediatric patients, this has also been the case. Elucidation of proteasome-dependent processes in specific types of brain tumors, the evolution of newer proteasome targeting strategies, and the use of proteasome inhibitors in combination strategies will clarify how these agents can be leveraged more effectively to treat central nervous system malignancies. Since brain tumors represent a heterogeneous subset of solid tumors, and in particular, pediatric brain tumors possess distinct biology from adult brain tumors, tailoring of proteasome inhibitor-based strategies to specific subtypes of these tumors will be critical for advancing care for affected patients, and will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafik Zaky
- Children's Cancer Hospital, Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christa Manton
- Children's Cancer Hospital, Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Claudia P Miller
- Children's Cancer Hospital, Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Soumen Khatua
- Children's Cancer Hospital, Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vidya Gopalakrishnan
- Children's Cancer Hospital, Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joya Chandra
- Children's Cancer Hospital, Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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42
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Pilchova I, Klacanova K, Dibdiakova K, Saksonova S, Stefanikova A, Vidomanova E, Lichardusova L, Hatok J, Racay P. Proteasome Stress Triggers Death of SH-SY5Y and T98G Cells via Different Cellular Mechanisms. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:3170-3185. [PMID: 28725954 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Overload or dysfunction of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is implicated in mechanisms of neurodegeneration associated with neurodegenerative diseases, e.g. Parkinson and Alzheimer disease, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between viability of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and glioblastoma T98G cells treated with bortezomib, inhibitor of 26S proteasome, and accumulation of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins with respect to direct cytotoxicity of aggregates of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins. Bortezomib-induced death of SH-SY5Y cells was documented after 24 h of treatment while death of T98G cells was delayed up to 48 h. Already after 4 h of treatment of both SH-SY5Y and T98G cells with bortezomib, increased levels of both ubiquitin-conjugated proteins with molecular mass more than 150 kDa and Hsp70 were observed whereas Hsp90 was elevated in T98G cells and decreased in SH-SY5Y cells. With respect to the cell death mechanism, we have documented bortezomib-induced activation of caspase 3 in SH-SY5Y cells that was probably a result of increased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, PUMA and Noxa. In T98G cells, bortezomib-induced expression of caspase 4, documented after 24 h of treatment, with further activation of caspase 3, observed after 48 h of treatment. The delay in activation of caspase 3 correlated well with the delay of death of T98G cells. Our results do not support the possibility about direct cytotoxicity of aggregates of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins. They are more consistent with a view that proteasome inhibition is associated with both transcription-dependent and -independent changes in expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and consequent cell death initiation associated with caspase 3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Pilchova
- Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU and Department of Medical Biochemistry JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Klacanova
- Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU and Department of Medical Biochemistry JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Dibdiakova
- Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU and Department of Medical Biochemistry JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Simona Saksonova
- Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU and Department of Medical Biochemistry JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Stefanikova
- Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU and Department of Medical Biochemistry JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Vidomanova
- Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU and Department of Medical Biochemistry JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Lichardusova
- Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU and Department of Medical Biochemistry JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Jozef Hatok
- Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU and Department of Medical Biochemistry JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Racay
- Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU and Department of Medical Biochemistry JFM CU, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601, Martin, Slovak Republic.
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43
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Sato A, Asano T, Okubo K, Isono M, Asano T. Ritonavir and ixazomib kill bladder cancer cells by causing ubiquitinated protein accumulation. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1194-1202. [PMID: 28342223 PMCID: PMC5480085 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no curative treatment for advanced bladder cancer. Causing ubiquitinated protein accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum stress is a novel approach to cancer treatment. The HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir has been reported to suppress heat shock protein 90 and increase the amount of unfolded proteins in the cell. If the proteasome functions normally, however, they are rapidly degraded. We postulated that the novel proteasome inhibitor ixazomib combined with ritonavir would kill bladder cancer cells effectively by inhibiting degradation of these unfolded proteins and thereby causing ubiquitinated proteins to accumulate. The combination of ritonavir and ixazomib induced drastic apoptosis and inhibited the growth of bladder cancer cells synergistically. The combination decreased the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin‐dependent kinase 4, and increased the sub‐G1 fraction significantly. Mechanistically, the combination caused ubiquitinated protein accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The combination‐induced apoptosis was markedly attenuated by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, suggesting that the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins played an important role in the combination's antineoplastic activity. Furthermore, the combination induced histone acetylation cooperatively and the decreased expression of histone deacetylases was thought to be one mechanism of this histone acetylation. The present study provides a theoretical basis for future development of novel ubiquitinated‐protein‐accumulation‐based therapies effective against bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Sato
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Takako Asano
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kazuki Okubo
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Isono
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Asano
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
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44
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Qiang W, Sui F, Ma J, Li X, Ren X, Shao Y, Liu J, Guan H, Shi B, Hou P. Proteasome inhibitor MG132 induces thyroid cancer cell apoptosis by modulating the activity of transcription factor FOXO3a. Endocrine 2017; 56:98-108. [PMID: 28220348 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors are promising antitumor drugs with preferable cytotoxicity in malignant cells and have exhibited clinical efficiency in several hematologic malignancies. P53-dependent apoptosis has been reported to be a major mechanism underlying. However, apoptosis can also be found in cancer cells with mutant-type p53, suggesting the involvement of p53-independent mechanism. Tumor suppressor forkhead Box O3 is another substrate of proteasomal degradation, which also functions partially through inducing apoptosis. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of proteasome inhibition on the expression and activity of forkhead Box O3 in thyroid cancer cells. Using flow cytometry, western blot, immunofluorescence staining and quantitative RT-PCR assays, we assessed proteasome inhibitor MG132-induced apoptosis in thyroid cancer cells and its effect on the expression and activity of forkhead Box O3. The resulted showed that MG132 induced significant apoptosis, and caused the accumulation of p53 protein in both p53 wild-type and mutant-type thyroid cancer cell lines, whereas the proapoptotic targets of p53 were transcriptionally upregulated only in the p53 wild-type cells. Strikingly, upon MG132 administration, the accumulation and nuclear translocation of transcription factor forkhead Box O3 as well as transcriptional upregulation of its proapoptotic target genes were found in thyroid cancer cells regardless of p53 status. Cell apoptosis was enhanced by ectopic overexpression while attenuated by silencing of forkhead Box O3. Altogether, we demonstrated that proteasome inhibitor MG132 induces thyroid cancer cell apoptosis at least partially through modulating forkhead Box O3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, The People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Sui
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xinru Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhe Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, The People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, The People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, The People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, The People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, The People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, The People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
ZBTB transcription factors orchestrate gene transcription during tissue development. However, their roles in glioblastoma (GBM) remain unexplored. Here, through a functional screening of ZBTB genes, we identify that BCL6 is required for GBM cell viability and that BCL6 overexpression is associated with worse prognosis. In a somatic transgenic mouse model, depletion of Bcl6 inhibits the progression of KrasG12V-driven high-grade glioma. Transcriptome analysis demonstrates the involvement of BCL6 in tumor protein p53 (TP53), erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog (ErbB), and MAPK signaling pathways. Indeed, BCL6 represses the expression of wild-type p53 and its target genes in GBM cells. Knockdown of BCL6 augments the activation of TP53 pathway in response to radiation. Importantly, we discover that receptor tyrosine kinase AXL is a transcriptional target of BCL6 in GBM and mediates partially the regulatory effects of BCL6 on both MEK-ERK (mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and S6K-RPS6 (ribosomal protein S6 kinase-ribosomal protein S6) axes. Similar to BCL6 silencing, depletion of AXL profoundly attenuates GBM proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, targeted inhibition of BCL6/nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCoR) complex by peptidomimetic inhibitor not only significantly decreases AXL expression and the activity of MEK-ERK and S6K-RPS6 cascades but also displays a potent antiproliferative effect against GBM cells. Together, these findings uncover a glioma-promoting role of BCL6 and provide the rationale of targeting BCL6 as a potential therapeutic approach.
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46
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Huang WJ, Chen WW, Zhang X. Proteasome inhibitors in glioblastoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1058-1062. [PMID: 28454213 PMCID: PMC5403505 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the tumors originating from the star shaped supportive cells in brain known as astrocytes. These tumors are highly cancerous as they have the ability to proliferate very quickly. New therapeutic strategies are being developed worldwide to fight against deadly GBM, which has median survival time of just 14 months. Proteasome inhibition is an upcoming strategy for GBM. Proteasome inhibition has shown promising results in cancers such as myeloma. However, in the recent past this form of therapy has also shown positive results in brain tumors in the form of elevated apoptosis. We searched the electronic database PubMed for pre-clinical as well as clinical controlled trials reporting importance of proteasome inhibitors during GBM. It was observed clearly that this approach is evolving and has been observed to be promising therapeutic avenue against GBM. Thus, the present review aims to enlighten the present views on use of proteasome inhibition strategy in the case of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- The Affiliated XuZhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Xuzhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
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47
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Yoo YD, Lee DH, Cha-Molstad H, Kim H, Mun SR, Ji C, Park SH, Sung KS, Choi SA, Hwang J, Park DM, Kim SK, Park KJ, Kang SH, Oh SC, Ciechanover A, Lee YJ, Kim BY, Kwon YT. Glioma-derived cancer stem cells are hypersensitive to proteasomal inhibition. EMBO Rep 2016; 18:150-168. [PMID: 27993939 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201642360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although proteasome inhibitors (PIs) are used as anticancer drugs to treat various cancers, their relative therapeutic efficacy on stem cells vs. bulk cancers remains unknown. Here, we show that stem cells derived from gliomas, GSCs, are up to 1,000-fold more sensitive to PIs (IC50, 27-70 nM) compared with their differentiated controls (IC50, 47 to »100 μM). The stemness of GSCs correlates to increased ubiquitination, whose misregulation readily triggers apoptosis. PI-induced apoptosis of GSCs is independent of NF-κB but involves the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase as well as the transcriptional activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated proapoptotic mediators. In contrast to the general notion that ER stress-associated apoptosis is signaled by prolonged unfolded protein response (UPR), GSC-selective apoptosis is instead counteracted by the UPR ATF3 is a key mediator in GSC-selective apoptosis. Pharmaceutical uncoupling of the UPR from its downstream apoptosis sensitizes GSCs to PIs in vitro and during tumorigenesis in mice. Thus, a combinational treatment of a PI with an inhibitor of UPR-coupled apoptosis may enhance targeting of stem cells in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Dong Yoo
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedicine Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- World Class Institute, Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Ochang Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Hyungsin Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine Korea University Medical Center Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Ran Mun
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changhoon Ji
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Hye Park
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedicine Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Sa Sung
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Seung Ah Choi
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joonsung Hwang
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine Korea University Medical Center Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deric M Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jae Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine Korea University Medical Center Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Hyuk Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine Korea University Medical Center Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Cheul Oh
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedicine Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,The Polak Tumor and Vascular Biology Research Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yong J Lee
- Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine Korea University Medical Center Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea .,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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48
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Wang R, Davidoff AM, Pfeffer LM. Bortezomib sensitizes human glioblastoma cells to induction of apoptosis by type I interferons through NOXA expression and Mcl-1 cleavage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:128-134. [PMID: 27450810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are highly invasive and aggressive primary brain tumors. Type I interferons have significant, pleiotropic anticancer activity. However, through various pathways many cancers become interferon-resistant, limiting interferon's clinical utility. In this study, we demonstrated that the proteasomal inhibitor bortezomib sensitized human glioblastoma cells to the antiproliferative action of interferons, which involved the induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis but not necroptosis. We found that death ligands such as TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) were not involved in interferon/bortezomib-induced apoptosis, although interferon induced TRAIL expression. However, apoptosis was induced through an intrinsic pathway involving increased NOXA expression and Mcl-1 cleavage. Our findings may provide an important rationale for combining type I interferons with bortezomib for glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruishan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andrew M Davidoff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lawrence M Pfeffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Memphis, TN, USA.
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49
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Zeligs KP, Neuman MK, Annunziata CM. Molecular Pathways: The Balance between Cancer and the Immune System Challenges the Therapeutic Specificity of Targeting Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling for Cancer Treatment. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4302-8. [PMID: 27422962 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The NF-κB signaling pathway is a complex network linking extracellular stimuli to cell survival and proliferation. Cytoplasmic signaling to activate NF-κB can occur as part of the DNA damage response or in response to a large variety of activators, including viruses, inflammation, and cell death. NF-κB transcription factors play a fundamental role in tumorigenesis and are implicated in the origination and propagation of both hematologic and solid tumor types, including melanoma, breast, prostate, ovarian, pancreatic, colon, lung, and thyroid cancers. On the other hand, NF-κB signaling is key to immune function and is likely necessary for antitumor immunity. This presents a dilemma when designing therapeutic approaches to target NF-κB. There is growing interest in identifying novel modulators to inhibit NF-κB activity as impeding different steps of the NF-κB pathway has potential to slow tumor growth, progression, and resistance to chemotherapy. Despite significant advances in our understanding of this pathway, our ability to effectively clinically block key targets for cancer therapy remains limited due to on-target effects in normal tissues. Tumor specificity is critical to developing therapeutic strategies targeting this antiapoptotic signaling pathway to maintain antitumor immune surveillance when applying such therapy to patients. Clin Cancer Res; 22(17); 4302-8. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen P Zeligs
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland. Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Monica K Neuman
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
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50
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Di K, Lloyd GK, Abraham V, MacLaren A, Burrows FJ, Desjardins A, Trikha M, Bota DA. Marizomib activity as a single agent in malignant gliomas: ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:840-8. [PMID: 26681765 PMCID: PMC4864261 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proteasome plays a vital role in the physiology of glioblastoma (GBM), and proteasome inhibition can be used as a strategy for treating GBM. Marizomib is a second-generation, irreversible proteasome inhibitor with a more lipophilic structure that suggests the potential for penetrating the blood-brain barrier. While bortezomib and carfilzomib, the 2 proteasome inhibitors approved for treatment of multiple myeloma, have little activity against malignant gliomas in vivo, marizomib could be a novel therapeutic strategy for primary brain tumors. METHODS The in-vitro antitumor activity of marizomib was studied in glioma cell lines U-251 and D-54. The ability of marizomib to cross the blood-brain barrier and regulate proteasome activities was evaluated in cynomolgus monkeys and rats. The antitumor effect of marizomib in vivo was tested in an orthotopic xenograft model of human GBM. RESULTS Marizomib inhibited the proteasome activity, proliferation, and invasion of glioma cells. Meanwhile, free radical production and apoptosis induced by marizomib could be blocked by antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine. In animal studies, marizomib distributed into the brain at 30% of blood levels in rats and significantly inhibited (>30%) baseline chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity in brain tissue of monkeys. Encouragingly, the immunocompromised mice, intracranially implanted with glioma xenografts, survived significantly longer than the control animals (P < .05) when treated with marizomib. CONCLUSIONS These preclinical studies demonstrated that marizomib can cross the blood-brain barrier and inhibit proteasome activity in rodent and nonhuman primate brain and elicit a significant antitumor effect in a rodent intracranial model of malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijun Di
- University of California, Irvine, California (K.D., V.A., D.A.B.); Triphase Accelerator Corporation, San Diego, California (G.K.L., A.M., F.J.B, M.T.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (A.D.)
| | - G Kenneth Lloyd
- University of California, Irvine, California (K.D., V.A., D.A.B.); Triphase Accelerator Corporation, San Diego, California (G.K.L., A.M., F.J.B, M.T.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (A.D.)
| | - Vivek Abraham
- University of California, Irvine, California (K.D., V.A., D.A.B.); Triphase Accelerator Corporation, San Diego, California (G.K.L., A.M., F.J.B, M.T.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (A.D.)
| | - Ann MacLaren
- University of California, Irvine, California (K.D., V.A., D.A.B.); Triphase Accelerator Corporation, San Diego, California (G.K.L., A.M., F.J.B, M.T.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (A.D.)
| | - Francis J Burrows
- University of California, Irvine, California (K.D., V.A., D.A.B.); Triphase Accelerator Corporation, San Diego, California (G.K.L., A.M., F.J.B, M.T.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (A.D.)
| | - Annick Desjardins
- University of California, Irvine, California (K.D., V.A., D.A.B.); Triphase Accelerator Corporation, San Diego, California (G.K.L., A.M., F.J.B, M.T.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (A.D.)
| | - Mohit Trikha
- University of California, Irvine, California (K.D., V.A., D.A.B.); Triphase Accelerator Corporation, San Diego, California (G.K.L., A.M., F.J.B, M.T.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (A.D.)
| | - Daniela A Bota
- University of California, Irvine, California (K.D., V.A., D.A.B.); Triphase Accelerator Corporation, San Diego, California (G.K.L., A.M., F.J.B, M.T.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (A.D.)
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