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MacLean MR, Walker OL, Arun RP, Fernando W, Marcato P. Informed by Cancer Stem Cells of Solid Tumors: Advances in Treatments Targeting Tumor-Promoting Factors and Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4102. [PMID: 38612911 PMCID: PMC11012648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subpopulation within tumors that promote cancer progression, metastasis, and recurrence due to their self-renewal capacity and resistance to conventional therapies. CSC-specific markers and signaling pathways highly active in CSCs have emerged as a promising strategy for improving patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic targets associated with CSCs of solid tumors across various cancer types, including key molecular markers aldehyde dehydrogenases, CD44, epithelial cellular adhesion molecule, and CD133 and signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and Sonic Hedgehog. We discuss a wide array of therapeutic modalities ranging from targeted antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, and near-infrared photoimmunotherapy to advanced genetic approaches like RNA interference, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, aptamers, antisense oligonucleotides, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, CAR natural killer cells, bispecific T cell engagers, immunotoxins, drug-antibody conjugates, therapeutic peptides, and dendritic cell vaccines. This review spans developments from preclinical investigations to ongoing clinical trials, highlighting the innovative targeting strategies that have been informed by CSC-associated pathways and molecules to overcome therapeutic resistance. We aim to provide insights into the potential of these therapies to revolutionize cancer treatment, underscoring the critical need for a multi-faceted approach in the battle against cancer. This comprehensive analysis demonstrates how advances made in the CSC field have informed significant developments in novel targeted therapeutic approaches, with the ultimate goal of achieving more effective and durable responses in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya R. MacLean
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
| | - Olivia L. Walker
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
| | - Raj Pranap Arun
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
| | - Wasundara Fernando
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Paola Marcato
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Mahmoudian E, Jahani-Asl A. Establishing Brain Tumor Stem Cell Culture from Patient Brain Tumors and Imaging Analysis of Patient-Derived Xenografts. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2736:177-192. [PMID: 37243860 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2023_482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) have been isolated from different types of brain tumors including glioblastoma. Although BTSCs share common characteristics with neural stem cells (NSCs), such as capacity to self-renew and undergo long-term proliferation, they have tumor-propagating capabilities. A small population of BTSC can give rise to secondary tumor when transplanted into severe immunodeficient (SCID) mice. The histological and cytological features, as well as genetic heterogeneity of the xenografted tumors in mice, closely resemble those of primary tumors in patients. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX), therefore, provide a clinically relevant model to study brain tumors. Here, we describe our protocol for establishing BTSC cultures following surgical excision of human brain tumors and the procedures to conduct PDX studies in SCID mice. We also provide our detailed step-by-step protocol on in vivo imaging system (IVIS) of the PDX tumors as a noninvasive method to trace the cells and tumor volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Mahmoudian
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Arezu Jahani-Asl
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Zhang D, Tang D, Liu PT, Tao L, Lu LM. Isolation of tumor stem-like cells from primary laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells (FD-LS-6). Hum Cell 2024; 37:323-336. [PMID: 37759147 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient treatments for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is hindered by the lack of applicable tumor cell lines and animal models of the disease, especially those related to cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). CSCs play critical roles in tumor propagation and pathogenesis whereas no CSCs lines have been developed to date. In this study, we establish an LSCC cell line (FD-LS-6) from primary LSCC tumor tissue (not experienced single-cell cloning) and adapted a culturing condition for the expansion of potential stem cells (EPSCs) to isolate CSCs from FD-LS-6. We successfully derived novel CSCs and named them as LSCC sphere-forming cells (LSCSCs) which were subsequently characterized for their CSC properties. We showed that LSCSCs shared many properties of CSCs, including CSC marker, robust self-renewal capacity, tumorigenesis ability, potential to generate other cell types such as adipocytes and osteoblasts, and resistance to chemotherapy. Compared to parental cells, LSCSCs were significantly more potent in forming tumors in vivo in mice and more resistant to chemotherapy. LSCSCs have higher expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition proteins and chemotherapy resistance factors, and exhibit an activated COX2/PEG2 signaling pathway. Altogether, our work establishes the first CSCs of LSCC (FD-LS-6) and provides a tool to study tumorigenesis and metastasis of LSCC and help the development of anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University School of Medicine, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Department of Pudong Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, 2800 Gongwei Road, Shanghai, 201300, China
| | - Di Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University School of Medicine, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Department of Pudong Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, 2800 Gongwei Road, Shanghai, 201300, China
| | - Pen-Tao Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 5 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Science and Technology Park, 6-8 Harbour Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University School of Medicine, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Department of Pudong Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, 2800 Gongwei Road, Shanghai, 201300, China.
| | - Li-Ming Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Gurnani B, Kaur K. Molecular and epigenetic mechanisms governing ocular surface squamous neoplasia: opportunities for diagnostics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023:1-15. [PMID: 38131180 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2298681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is the most common ocular malignancy; the pathophysiology is influenced by molecular, genetic, and epigenetic mechanisms. The incidence of OSSN is associated with the anatomy and physiology of the ocular surface, limbal stem cell configuration, limbal vulnerability, cancer stem cells, dysplasia, neoplasia, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. The key etiological factors involved are human papillomavirus (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), immunosuppression, p53 tumor suppressor gene, hypovitaminosis A, and failure of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair mechanisms. AREAS COVERED This special report is a focussed attempt to understand the molecular mechanism, genetic and epigenetic mechanism, and diagnostic modalities for OSSN. EXPERT OPINION While these mechanisms contribute to genome instability, promoter-specific hypermethylation might facilitate and promote tumor formation by silencing tumor suppressor genes. OSSN understanding has improved with increased literature available on various genetic, molecular, and epigenetic mechanisms, although the exact genetic and epigenetic mechanisms still need to be elucidated. It is important to note that the molecular mechanisms of OSSN can vary among individuals, and further research is required to elucidate the underlying processes fully. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for the development of targeted therapies and improved management of OSSN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Gurnani
- Cataract, Cornea, Refractive Services, Trauma, External Diseases, Contact Lens and Ocular Surface, Sadguru Netra Chikitsalya, Shri Sadguru Seva Sangh Trust, Chitrakoot, India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Children Eye Care Centre, Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Sadguru Netra Chikitsalya, Shri Sadguru Seva Sangh Trust, Janaki Kund, Chitrakoot, India
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Ayalew H, Wang J, Wu S, Qiu K, Tekeste A, Xu C, Lamesgen D, Cao S, Qi G, Zhang H. Biophysiology of in ovo administered bioactive substances to improve gastrointestinal tract development, mucosal immunity, and microbiota in broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103130. [PMID: 37926011 PMCID: PMC10633051 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early embryonic exogenous feeding of bioactive substances is a topic of interest in poultry production, potentially improving gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, stimulating immunization, and maximizing the protection capability of newly hatched chicks. However, the biophysiological actions and effects of in ovo administered bioactive substances are inconsistent or not fully understood. Thus, this paper summarizes the functional effects of bioactive substances and their interaction merits to augment GIT development, the immune system, and microbial homeostasis in newly hatched chicks. Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics are potential bioactive substances that have been administered in embryonic eggs. Their biological effects are enhanced by a variety of mechanisms, including the production of antimicrobial peptides and antibiotic responses, regulation of T lymphocyte numbers and immune-related genes in either up- or downregulation fashion, and enhancement of macrophage phagocytic capacity. These actions occur directly through the interaction with immune cell receptors, stimulation of endocytosis, and phagocytosis. The underlying mechanisms of bioactive substance activity are multifaceted, enhancing GIT development, and improving both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Thus summarizing these modes of action of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics can result in more informed decisions and also provides baseline for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu Ayalew
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shugeng Wu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ayalsew Tekeste
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Changchun Xu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dessalegn Lamesgen
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Sumei Cao
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guanghai Qi
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Singh SK, Wang Y, Habib A, Priyadarshini M, Kodavali CV, Chen A, Ma W, Wang J, Hameed NUF, Hu B, Fuller GN, Kulich SM, Amankulor N, Colen RR, Edwards LA, Zinn PO. TP53-PTEN-NF1 depletion in human brain organoids produces a glioma phenotype in vitro. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1279806. [PMID: 37881491 PMCID: PMC10597663 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1279806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is fatal and the study of therapeutic resistance, disease progression, and drug discovery in GBM or glioma stem cells is often hindered by limited resources. This limitation slows down progress in both drug discovery and patient survival. Here we present a genetically engineered human cerebral organoid model with a cancer-like phenotype that could provide a basis for GBM-like models. Specifically, we engineered a doxycycline-inducible vector encoding shRNAs enabling depletion of the TP53, PTEN, and NF1 tumor suppressors in human cerebral organoids. Designated as inducible short hairpin-TP53-PTEN-NF1 (ish-TPN), doxycycline treatment resulted in human cancer-like cerebral organoids that effaced the entire organoid cytoarchitecture, while uninduced ish-TPN cerebral organoids recapitulated the normal cytoarchitecture of the brain. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a proneural GBM subtype. This proof-of-concept study offers a valuable resource for directly investigating the emergence and progression of gliomas within the context of specific genetic alterations in normal cerebral organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K. Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ahmed Habib
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mamindla Priyadarshini
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Chowdari V. Kodavali
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Apeng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Wencai Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - N. U. Farrukh Hameed
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Baoli Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gregory N. Fuller
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott M. Kulich
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Nduka Amankulor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rivka R. Colen
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lincoln A. Edwards
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Pascal O. Zinn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Sabahi M, Salehipour A, Bazl MSY, Rezaei N, Mansouri A, Borghei-Razavi H. Local immunotherapy of glioblastoma: A comprehensive review of the concept. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 381:578146. [PMID: 37451079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite advancements in standard treatments, the prognosis of Glioblastoma (GBM) remains poor, prompting research for novel therapies. Immunotherapy is a promising treatment option for GBM, and many immunotherapeutic agents are currently under investigation. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are rapidly evolving in immunotherapy of GBM with many clinical trials showing efficacy of CAR T cells exerting anti-tumor activity following recognition of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Exhaustion in CAR T cells can reduce their capacity for long-term persistence and anti-tumor action. Local immunotherapy, which targets the tumor microenvironment and creates a more hospitable immunological environment for CAR T cells, has the potential to reduce CAR T cell exhaustion and increase immunity. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are ectopic lymphoid-like formations that can develop within the tumor microenvironment or in other non-lymphoid tissues. As a comprehensive local immunotherapy tool, the incorporation of TLS into an implanted biodegradable scaffold has amazing immunotherapeutic potential. The immune response to GBM can be improved even further by strategically inserting a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist into the scaffold. Additionally, the scaffold's addition of glioma stem cells (GSC), which immunotherapeutic approaches may use to target, enhances the removal of cancer cells from their source. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that GSCs have an impact on TLS formation, which helps to create a favorable tumor microenvironment. Herein, we overview local delivery of a highly specific tandem AND-gate CAR T cell along with above mentioned components. A multifaceted approach that successfully engages the immune system to mount an efficient targeted immune response against GBM is provided by the integration of CAR T cells, TLS, STING agonists, and GSCs within an implantable biodegradable scaffold. This approach offers a promising therapeutic approach for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadmahdi Sabahi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Pauline Braathen Neurological Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA.
| | - Arash Salehipour
- Neurosurgery Research Group (NRG), Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Sajjad Yavari Bazl
- Neurosurgery Research Group (NRG), Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Mansouri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Hamid Borghei-Razavi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Pauline Braathen Neurological Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA.
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Salvatori L, Malatesta S, Illi B, Somma MP, Fionda C, Stabile H, Fontanella RA, Gaetano C. Nitric Oxide Prevents Glioblastoma Stem Cells' Expansion and Induces Temozolomide Sensitization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11286. [PMID: 37511047 PMCID: PMC10379318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has high mortality and recurrence rates. Malignancy resilience is ascribed to Glioblastoma Stem Cells (GSCs), which are resistant to Temozolomide (TMZ), the gold standard for GBM post-surgical treatment. However, Nitric Oxide (NO) has demonstrated anti-cancer efficacy in GBM cells, but its potential impact on GSCs remains unexplored. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of NO, both alone and in combination with TMZ, on patient-derived GSCs. Experimentally selected concentrations of diethylenetriamine/NO adduct and TMZ were used through a time course up to 21 days of treatment, to evaluate GSC proliferation and death, functional recovery, and apoptosis. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses revealed treatment-induced effects in cell cycle and DNA damage occurrence and repair. Our results showed that NO impairs self-renewal, disrupts cell-cycle progression, and expands the quiescent cells' population. Consistently, NO triggered a significant but tolerated level of DNA damage, but not apoptosis. Interestingly, NO/TMZ cotreatment further inhibited cell cycle progression, augmented G0 cells, induced cell death, but also enhanced DNA damage repair activity. These findings suggest that, although NO administration does not eliminate GSCs, it stunts their proliferation, and makes cells susceptible to TMZ. The resulting cytostatic effect may potentially allow long-term control over the GSCs' subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Salvatori
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Malatesta
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Illi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Patrizia Somma
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Helena Stabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Anna Fontanella
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Laboratorio di Epigenetica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Wang X, Sun Y, Zhang DY, Ming GL, Song H. Glioblastoma modeling with 3D organoids: progress and challenges. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 2:kvad008. [PMID: 38596241 PMCID: PMC10913843 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive adult primary brain tumor with nearly universal treatment resistance and recurrence. The mainstay of therapy remains maximal safe surgical resection followed by concurrent radiation therapy and temozolomide chemotherapy. Despite intensive investigation, alternative treatment options, such as immunotherapy or targeted molecular therapy, have yielded limited success to achieve long-term remission. This difficulty is partly due to the lack of pre-clinical models that fully recapitulate the intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity of GBM and the complex tumor microenvironment. Recently, GBM 3D organoids originating from resected patient tumors, genetic manipulation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain organoids and bio-printing or fusion with non-malignant tissues have emerged as novel culture systems to portray the biology of GBM. Here, we highlight several methodologies for generating GBM organoids and discuss insights gained using such organoid models compared to classic modeling approaches using cell lines and xenografts. We also outline limitations of current GBM 3D organoids, most notably the difficulty retaining the tumor microenvironment, and discuss current efforts for improvements. Finally, we propose potential applications of organoid models for a deeper mechanistic understanding of GBM and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yusha Sun
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Y Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Guo-li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- GBM Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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10
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Huang Y, Zhang Z, Sui M, Li Y, Hu Y, Zhang H, Zhang F. A novel stemness classification in acute myeloid leukemia by the stemness index and the identification of cancer stem cell-related biomarkers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1202825. [PMID: 37409118 PMCID: PMC10318110 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1202825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cells play an important role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, their precise effect on AML tumorigenesis and progression remains unclear. Methods The present study aimed to characterize stem cell-related gene expression and identify stemness biomarker genes in AML. We calculated the stemness index (mRNAsi) based on transcription data using the one-class logistic regression (OCLR) algorithm for patients in the training set. According to the mRNAsi score, we performed consensus clustering and identified two stemness subgroups. Eight stemness-related genes were identified as stemness biomarkers through gene selection by three machine learning methods. Results We found that patients in stemness subgroup I had a poor prognosis and benefited from nilotinib, MK-2206 and axitinib treatment. In addition, the mutation profiles of these two stemness subgroups were different, which suggested that patients in different subgroups had different biological processes. There was a strong significant negative correlation between mRNAsi and the immune score (r= -0.43, p<0.001). Furthermore, we identified eight stemness-related genes that have potential to be biomarkers, including SLC43A2, CYBB, CFP, GRN, CST3, TIMP1, CFD and IGLL1. These genes, except IGLL1, had a negative correlation with mRNAsi. SLC43A2 is expected to be a potential stemness-related biomarker in AML. Conclusion Overall, we established a novel stemness classification using the mRNAsi score and eight stemness-related genes that may be biomarkers. Clinical decision-making should be guided by this new signature in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Hematology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meijuan Sui
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Li
- Medical Insurance Office, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Center for Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Haiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Acousto-Optic Electromagnetic Diagnosis and Treatment in Heilongjiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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11
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Khan MA, Kalsoom S, Ayub AR, Ilyas M, Hassan N, Irshad K, Zeshan M, Arshad S, Zahid MN, El-Fattah AA, Iqbal J. Host-guest coupling to potentially increase the bio-accessibility of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea by nanocarrier graphyne for brain tumor therapy, a comprehensive quantum mechanics study. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 123:108517. [PMID: 37235904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the potential of Host-Guest coupling with Nanocarrier graphyne (GPH) to enhance the bioavailability of the drug 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (LUM) for brain tumor therapy. The electronic, geometric, and excited-state properties of GPH, LUM, and the graphyne@1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea-complex (GPH@LUM-complex) were studied using DFT B3LYP/6-31G** level of theory. The results showed that the GPH@LUM-complex was stable with negative adsorption energy (-0.20 eV), and there was good interaction between GPH and LUM in the solvent phase. The weak interaction forces between the two indicated an easy release of the drug at the target site. The Frontier Molecular Orbitals (FMO), Charge Density Analysis (CDA), and Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis supported LUM to GPH charge transfer during complex formation, and the Reduced Density Gradient (RDG) isosurfaces identified steric effects and non-bonded interactions. UV-visible examination showed the potential of the GPH@LUM-complex as a drug carrier with a blue shift of 23 nm wavelength in the electronic spectra. The PET process analysis revealed a fluorescence-quenching process, facilitating systematic drug delivery. The study concluded that GPH had potential as a carrier for delivering LUM, and different 2D nanomaterials could be explored for drug delivery applications. The theoretical study's findings may motivate researchers to investigate the practical applications of GPH@LUM-complex in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroof Ahmad Khan
- Key Laboratory of Clusters Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Shehwas Kalsoom
- Department of Chemistry, Concordia College Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza Ayub
- Key Laboratory of Clusters Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Mubashar Ilyas
- Key Laboratory of Clusters Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Noor Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Clusters Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Kanwal Irshad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zeshan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Salba Arshad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nauman Zahid
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Ahmed Abd El-Fattah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain; Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain.
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12
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Teraiya M, Perreault H, Chen VC. An overview of glioblastoma multiforme and temozolomide resistance: can LC-MS-based proteomics reveal the fundamental mechanism of temozolomide resistance? Front Oncol 2023; 13:1166207. [PMID: 37182181 PMCID: PMC10169742 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1166207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary type of lethal brain tumor. Over the last two decades, temozolomide (TMZ) has remained the primary chemotherapy for GBM. However, TMZ resistance in GBM constitutes an underlying factor contributing to high rates of mortality. Despite intense efforts to understand the mechanisms of therapeutic resistance, there is currently a poor understanding of the molecular processes of drug resistance. For TMZ, several mechanisms linked to therapeutic resistance have been proposed. In the past decade, significant progress in the field of mass spectrometry-based proteomics has been made. This review article discusses the molecular drivers of GBM, within the context of TMZ resistance with a particular emphasis on the potential benefits and insights of using global proteomic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Teraiya
- Chemistry Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Helene Perreault
- Chemistry Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Vincent C. Chen
- Chemistry Department, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada
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13
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Lin C, Wang N, Xu C. Glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) in glioblastoma: Immune function in the tumor microenvironment and implications for immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1123853. [PMID: 36969167 PMCID: PMC10034134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1123853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a mixed solid tumor composed of neoplastic and non-neoplastic components. Glioma-associated macrophages and microglia (GAMs) are crucial elements of the glioma tumor microenvironment (TME), regulating tumor growth, invasion, and recurrence. GAMs are also profoundly influenced by glioma cells. Recent studies have revealed the intricate relationship between TME and GAMs. In this updated review, we provide an overview of the interaction between glioma TME and GAMs based on previous studies. We also summarize a series of immunotherapies targeting GAMs, including clinical trials and preclinical studies. Specifically, we discuss the origin of microglia in the central nervous system and the recruitment of GAMs in the glioma background. We also cover the mechanisms through which GAMs regulate various processes associated with glioma development, such as invasiveness, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, recurrence, etc. Overall, GAMs play a significant role in the tumor biology of glioma, and a better understanding of the interaction between GAMs and glioma could catalyze the development of new and effective immunotherapies for this deadly malignancy.
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14
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Sisakht AK, Malekan M, Ghobadinezhad F, Firouzabadi SNM, Jafari A, Mirazimi SMA, Abadi B, Shafabakhsh R, Mirzaei H. Cellular Conversations in Glioblastoma Progression, Diagnosis and Treatment. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:585-603. [PMID: 35411434 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent malignancy among primary brain tumors in adults and one of the worst 5-year survival rates (< 7%) among all human cancers. Till now, treatments that target particular cell or intracellular metabolism have not improved patients' survival. GBM recruits healthy brain cells and subverts their processes to create a microenvironment that contributes to supporting tumor progression. This microenvironment encompasses a complex network in which malignant cells interact with each other and with normal and immune cells to promote tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune suppression, and treatment resistance. Communication can be direct via cell-to-cell contact, mainly through adhesion molecules, tunneling nanotubes, gap junctions, or indirect by conventional paracrine signaling by cytokine, neurotransmitter, and extracellular vesicles. Understanding these communication routes could open up new avenues for the treatment of this lethal tumor. Hence, therapeutic approaches based on glioma cells` communication have recently drawn attention. This review summarizes recent findings on the crosstalk between glioblastoma cells and their tumor microenvironment, and the impact of this conversation on glioblastoma progression. We also discuss the mechanism of communication of glioma cells and their importance as therapeutic targets and diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Overall, understanding the biological mechanism of specific interactions in the tumor microenvironment may help in predicting patient prognosis and developing novel therapeutic strategies to target GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Karimi Sisakht
- Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Malekan
- Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farbod Ghobadinezhad
- Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Negar Mousavi Firouzabadi
- Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Banafshe Abadi
- Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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15
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Duzan A, Reinken D, McGomery TL, Ferencz NM, Plummer JM, Basti MM. Endocannabinoids are potential inhibitors of glioblastoma multiforme proliferation. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 21:120-129. [PMID: 36805391 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Globally, it is evident that glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive malignant cancer with a high mortality rate and no effective treatment options. Glioblastoma is classified as the stage-four progression of a glioma tumor, and its diagnosis results in a shortened life expectancy. Treatment options for GBM include chemotherapy, immunotherapy, surgical intervention, and conventional pharmacotherapy; however, at best, they extend the patient's life by a maximum of 5 years. GBMs are considered incurable due to their high recurrence rate, despite various aggressive therapeutic approaches which can have many serious adverse effects. Ceramides, classified as endocannabinoids, offer a promising novel therapeutic approach for GBM. Endocannabinoids may enhance the apoptosis of GBM cells but have no effect on normal healthy neural cells. Cannabinoids promote atypical protein kinase C, deactivate fatty acid amide hydrolase enzymes, and activate transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and TRPV2 to induce pro-apoptotic signaling pathways without increasing endogenous cannabinoids. In previous in vivo studies, endocannabinoids, chemically classified as amide formations of oleic and palmitic acids, have been shown to increase the pro-apoptotic activity of human cancer cells and inhibit cell migration and angiogenesis. This review focuses on the biological synthesis and pharmacology of endogenous cannabinoids for the enhancement of cancer cell apoptosis, which have potential as a novel therapy for GBM. Please cite this article as: Duzan A, Reinken D, McGomery TL, Ferencz N, Plummer JM, Basti MM. Endocannabinoids are potential inhibitors of glioblastoma multiforme proliferation. J Integr Med. 2023; Epub ahead of print.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Duzan
- School of Pharmacy, Wingate University, Wingate, NC 28174, USA; Applied Science and Technology Department, North Carolina State University of Agriculture and Technology, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
| | - Desiree Reinken
- College of Nursing, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | | | - Jacob M Plummer
- Collage of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Wingate University, Wingate, NC 28174, USA
| | - Mufeed M Basti
- Applied Science and Technology Department, North Carolina State University of Agriculture and Technology, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
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16
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Wanigasekara J, Cullen PJ, Bourke P, Tiwari B, Curtin JF. Advances in 3D culture systems for therapeutic discovery and development in brain cancer. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103426. [PMID: 36332834 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on recent advances in 3D culture systems that promise more accurate therapeutic models of the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumor microenvironment (TME), such as the unique anatomical, cellular, and molecular features evident in human GBM. The key components of a GBM TME are outlined, including microbiomes, vasculature, extracellular matrix (ECM), infiltrating parenchymal and peripheral immune cells and molecules, and chemical gradients. 3D culture systems are evaluated against 2D culture systems and in vivo animal models. The main 3D culture techniques available are compared, with an emphasis on identifying key gaps in knowledge for the development of suitable platforms to accurately model the intricate components of the GBM TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janith Wanigasekara
- BioPlasma Research Group, School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland; FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Patrick J Cullen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paula Bourke
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brijesh Tiwari
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James F Curtin
- BioPlasma Research Group, School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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17
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Johanssen T, McVeigh L, Erridge S, Higgins G, Straehla J, Frame M, Aittokallio T, Carragher NO, Ebner D. Glioblastoma and the search for non-hypothesis driven combination therapeutics in academia. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1075559. [PMID: 36733367 PMCID: PMC9886867 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1075559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains a cancer of high unmet clinical need. Current standard of care for GBM, consisting of maximal surgical resection, followed by ionisation radiation (IR) plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ), provides less than 15-month survival benefit. Efforts by conventional drug discovery to improve overall survival have failed to overcome challenges presented by inherent tumor heterogeneity, therapeutic resistance attributed to GBM stem cells, and tumor niches supporting self-renewal. In this review we describe the steps academic researchers are taking to address these limitations in high throughput screening programs to identify novel GBM combinatorial targets. We detail how they are implementing more physiologically relevant phenotypic assays which better recapitulate key areas of disease biology coupled with more focussed libraries of small compounds, such as drug repurposing, target discovery, pharmacologically active and novel, more comprehensive anti-cancer target-annotated compound libraries. Herein, we discuss the rationale for current GBM combination trials and the need for more systematic and transparent strategies for identification, validation and prioritisation of combinations that lead to clinical trials. Finally, we make specific recommendations to the preclinical, small compound screening paradigm that could increase the likelihood of identifying tractable, combinatorial, small molecule inhibitors and better drug targets specific to GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Johanssen
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Laura McVeigh
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Erridge
- Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey Higgins
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joelle Straehla
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Margaret Frame
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cancer Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Neil O. Carragher
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Ebner
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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18
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Activated T cell therapy targeting glioblastoma cancer stem cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:196. [PMID: 36604465 PMCID: PMC9814949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27184-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Naïve T cells become effector T cells following stimulation by antigen-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) and sequential cytokine activation. We aimed to develop procedures to efficiently activate T cells with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) to glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells. To remove antigen presentation outside of the immunosuppressive tumor milieu, three different glioma stem cell (GSC) specific antigen sources to load DCs were compared in their ability to stimulate lymphocytes. An activated T cell (ATC) protocol including cytokine activation and expansion in culture to target GSCs was generated and optimized for a planned phase I clinical trial. We compared three different antigen-loading methods on DCs to effectively activate T cells, which were GBM patient-derived GSC-lysate, acid-eluate of GSCs and synthetic peptides derived from proteins expressed in GSCs. DCs derived from HLA-A2 positive blood sample were loaded with TAAs. Autologous T cells were activated by co-culturing with loaded DCs. Efficiency and cytotoxicity of ATCs were evaluated by targeting TAA-pulsed DCs or T2 cells, GSCs, or autologous PHA-blasts. Characteristics of ATCs were evaluated by Flow Cytometry and ELISpot assay, which showed increased number of ATCs secreting IFN-γ targeting GSCs as compared with non-activated T cells and unloaded target cells. Neither GSC-lysate nor acid-eluate loading showed enhancement in response of ATCs but the synthetic peptide pool showed significantly increased IFN-γ secretion and increased cytotoxicity towards target cells. These results demonstrate that ATCs activated using a TAA synthetic peptide pool efficiently enhance cytotoxicity specifically to target cells including GSC.
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19
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Sloan AE, Nock CJ, Ye X, Buerki R, Chang S, Lesser G, Norden A, Cloughesy T, Olson J, Kerstetter-Fogle A, Rich J, Fisher J, Desideri S, Takebe N, Timmer W, Grossman S, Prados M. ABTC-0904: targeting glioma stem cells in GBM: a phase 0/II study of hedgehog pathway inhibitor GDC-0449. J Neurooncol 2023; 161:33-43. [PMID: 36581779 PMCID: PMC11197851 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-022-04193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gliomagenesis and resistance of glioblastoma (GBM) are believed to be mediated by glioma stem cells (GSC). Evidence suggests that SHH signaling promotes GSC proliferation and self-renewal. METHODS ABTC-0904 was a two-arm, multicenter phase 0/II study of GDC-0449, an oral inhibitor of Smoothened (SMO) in patients undergoing resection for recurrent GBM. All patients (Arms I and II) had surgery and received drug post-operatively. Only patients in Arm I received drug prior to surgery. The primary objective was to determine 6-month progression free survival (PFS-6). Secondary endpoints include median PFS (mPFS) and overall survival (mOS), response rate, and toxicity. Correlative studies included bioanalysis of GDC-0449, and inhibition of SHH signaling, GSC proliferation and self-renewal. RESULTS Forty-one patients were enrolled. Pharmacokinetics of GDC-0449 in plasma demonstrated levels within expected therapeutic range in 75% of patients. The proportion of tumorcells producing CD133+ neurospheres, neurosphere proliferation, self-renewal, and expression of the SHh downstream signaling was significantly decreased in Arm I following GDC-0449 treatment (p < 0.005; p < 0.001 respectively) compared to Arm II (no drug pre-op). Treatment was well tolerated. There were no objective responders in either arm. Overall PFS-6 was 2.4% (95% CI 0.9-11.1%). Median PFS was 2.3 months (95% CI 1.9-2.6) and mOS was 7.8 months (95% CI 5.4-10.1). CONCLUSIONS GDC-0449 was well tolerated, reached tumor, and inhibited CD133+ neurosphere formation, but had little clinical efficacy as a single agent in rGBM. This suggests growth and maintenance of rGBM is not solely dependent on the SHH pathway thus targeting SMO may require combined approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Sloan
- Chief of Neuroscience, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, USA.
| | - Charles J Nock
- Department of Medicine, UH-Seidman Cancer Center and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiaobu Ye
- Adult Brain Tumor Consortium, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert Buerki
- Department of Neurology, UH-Seidman Cancer Center and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Susan Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Glenn Lesser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Norden
- Department of Medicine, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy Cloughesy
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Olson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jeremy Rich
- Department of Neurology and Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joy Fisher
- Adult Brain Tumor Consortium, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Serena Desideri
- Adult Brain Tumor Consortium, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Naoko Takebe
- National Cancer Institute, Clinical Investigations Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William Timmer
- National Cancer Institute, Clinical Investigations Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stuart Grossman
- Adult Brain Tumor Consortium, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Prados
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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20
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Weth FR, Peng L, Paterson E, Tan ST, Gray C. Utility of the Cerebral Organoid Glioma 'GLICO' Model for Screening Applications. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010153. [PMID: 36611949 PMCID: PMC9818141 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a grade IV astrocytoma, is regarded as the most aggressive primary brain tumour with an overall median survival of 16.0 months following the standard treatment regimen of surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide. Despite such intensive treatment, the tumour almost invariably recurs. This poor prognosis has most commonly been attributed to the initiation, propagation, and differentiation of cancer stem cells. Despite the unprecedented advances in biomedical research over the last decade, the current in vitro models are limited at preserving the inter- and intra-tumoural heterogeneity of primary tumours. The ability to understand and manipulate complex cancers such as glioblastoma requires disease models to be clinically and translationally relevant and encompass the cellular heterogeneity of such cancers. Therefore, brain cancer research models need to aim to recapitulate glioblastoma stem cell function, whilst remaining amenable for analysis. Fortunately, the recent development of 3D cultures has overcome some of these challenges, and cerebral organoids are emerging as cutting-edge tools in glioblastoma research. The opportunity to generate cerebral organoids via induced pluripotent stem cells, and to perform co-cultures with patient-derived cancer stem cells (GLICO model), has enabled the analysis of cancer development in a context that better mimics brain tissue architecture. In this article, we review the recent literature on the use of patient-derived glioblastoma organoid models and their applicability for drug screening, as well as provide a potential workflow for screening using the GLICO model. The proposed workflow is practical for use in most laboratories with accessible materials and equipment, a good first pass, and no animal work required. This workflow is also amenable for analysis, with separate measures of invasion, growth, and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya R. Weth
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, 7 Hospital Road, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Lifeng Peng
- Centre for Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Erin Paterson
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, 7 Hospital Road, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Swee T. Tan
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, 7 Hospital Road, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
- Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial & Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Clint Gray
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, 7 Hospital Road, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
- Correspondence:
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21
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The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Regulating the Plasticity of Osteosarcoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416155. [PMID: 36555795 PMCID: PMC9788144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignancy that is becoming increasingly common in adolescents. OS stem cells (OSCs) form a dynamic subset of OS cells that are responsible for malignant progression and chemoradiotherapy resistance. The unique properties of OSCs, including self-renewal, multilineage differentiation and metastatic potential, 149 depend closely on their tumor microenvironment. In recent years, the likelihood of its dynamic plasticity has been extensively studied. Importantly, the tumor microenvironment appears to act as the main regulatory component of OS cell plasticity. For these reasons aforementioned, novel strategies for OS treatment focusing on modulating OS cell plasticity and the possibility of modulating the composition of the tumor microenvironment are currently being explored. In this paper, we review recent studies describing the phenomenon of OSCs and factors known to influence phenotypic plasticity. The microenvironment, which can regulate OSC plasticity, has great potential for clinical exploitation and provides different perspectives for drug and treatment design for OS.
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The Aurora Kinase Inhibitor TAK901 Inhibits Glioblastoma Growth by Blocking SREBP1-Mediated Lipid Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235805. [PMID: 36497287 PMCID: PMC9737940 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal malignant primary brain tumor. The standard treatment for GBM including surgical resection followed by radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide remains unsatisfactory. In this study, we investigated the effects of the Aurora kinase inhibitor, TAK901, in GBM both in vitro and in vivo, and explored its key downstream targets. The effects of TAK901 were investigated using cell viability, cell apoptosis, live/dead, cell cycle, Transwell, 3D cell invasion, neuro-sphere, and self-renewal assays. Mechanistic studies were conducted using RNA-seq, lipid measurements, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and Western blotting. The in vivo efficacy of TAK901 was validated using orthotopic xenograft GBM mouse models. In both GBM cells and GSCs, TAK901 remarkably reduced cell viability, self-renewal, migration and invasion and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Treatment with TAK901 considerably inhibited GBM growth in vivo. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analyses showed that TAK901 downregulated the expression and activation of SREBP1. Moreover, SREBP1 overexpression alleviated the TAK901-mediated suppression of cell viability and apoptosis in GBM cells. Our results provide evidence that TAK901 inhibits GBM growth by suppressing SREBP1-mediated lipid metabolism.
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Kilmister EJ, Koh SP, Weth FR, Gray C, Tan ST. Cancer Metastasis and Treatment Resistance: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Targeting of Cancer Stem Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112988. [PMID: 36428556 PMCID: PMC9687343 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis and treatment resistance are the main causes of treatment failure and cancer-related deaths. Their underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated and have been attributed to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs)-a small population of highly tumorigenic cancer cells with pluripotency and self-renewal properties, at the apex of a cellular hierarchy. CSCs drive metastasis and treatment resistance and are sustained by a dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME). Numerous pathways mediate communication between CSCs and/or the surrounding TME. These include a paracrine renin-angiotensin system and its convergent signaling pathways, the immune system, and other signaling pathways including the Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, and Sonic Hedgehog pathways. Appreciation of the mechanisms underlying metastasis and treatment resistance, and the pathways that regulate CSCs and the TME, is essential for developing a durable treatment for cancer. Pre-clinical and clinical studies exploring single-point modulation of the pathways regulating CSCs and the surrounding TME, have yielded partial and sometimes negative results. This may be explained by the presence of uninhibited alternative signaling pathways. An effective treatment of cancer may require a multi-target strategy with multi-step inhibition of signaling pathways that regulate CSCs and the TME, in lieu of the long-standing pursuit of a 'silver-bullet' single-target approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabrina P. Koh
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Freya R. Weth
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Clint Gray
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Swee T. Tan
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
- Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial & Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Vasileva NS, Kuligina EV, Dymova MA, Savinovskaya YI, Zinchenko ND, Ageenko AB, Mishinov SV, Dome AS, Stepanov GA, Richter VA, Semenov DV. Transcriptome Changes in Glioma Cells Cultivated under Conditions of Neurosphere Formation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193106. [PMID: 36231068 PMCID: PMC9563256 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common and heterogeneous primary brain tumor. The development of a new relevant preclinical models is necessary. As research moves from cultures of adherent gliomas to a more relevant model, neurospheres, it is necessary to understand the changes that cells undergo at the transcriptome level. In the present work, we used three patient-derived gliomas and two immortalized glioblastomas, while their cultivation was carried out under adherent culture and neurosphere (NS) conditions. When comparing the transcriptomes of monolayer (ML) and NS cell cultures, we used Enrichr genes sets enrichment analysis to describe transcription factors (TFs) and the pathways involved in the formation of glioma NS. It was observed that NS formation is accompanied by the activation of five common gliomas of TFs, SOX2, UBTF, NFE2L2, TCF3 and STAT3. The sets of transcripts controlled by TFs MYC and MAX were suppressed in NS. Upregulated genes are involved in the processes of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stemness, invasion and migration of glioma cells. However, MYC/MAX-dependent downregulated genes are involved in translation, focal adhesion and apical junction. Furthermore, we found three EGFR and FGFR signaling feedback regulators common to all analyzed gliomas-SPRY4, ERRFI1, and RAB31-which can be used for creating new therapeutic strategies of suppressing the invasion and progression of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S. Vasileva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elena V. Kuligina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Maya A. Dymova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yulya I. Savinovskaya
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nikita D. Zinchenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alisa B. Ageenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Mishinov
- Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics n.a. Ya.L. Tsivyan, Department of Neurosurgery, Frunze Street 17, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
| | - Anton S. Dome
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Grigory A. Stepanov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Richter
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Semenov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +73-833635189
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Hanna GK, Madany M, Tay ASMS, Edwards LA, Kim S, Michael JS, Nuno M, Thomas T, Li A, Berel D, Black KL, Fan X, Zhang W, Rudnick JD, Wang R, Yu JS. ZEB1 loss increases glioma stem cell tumorigenicity and resistance to chemoradiation. J Neurosurg 2022; 138:1313-1324. [PMID: 36115050 DOI: 10.3171/2022.7.jns22259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioblastoma has been known to be resistant to chemotherapy and radiation, whereas the underlying mechanisms of resistance have not been fully elucidated. The authors studied the role of the transcription factor ZEB1 (zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 protein), which is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and is central to the stemness of glioblastoma, to determine its role in therapeutic resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. The authors previously demonstrated that ZEB1 is deleted in a majority of glioblastomas. METHODS The authors explored resistance to therapy in the context of ZEB1 loss and overexpression in glioma stem cells (GSCs) and in patient data. RESULTS Patients with ZEB1 loss had a shorter survival time than patients with wild-type ZEB1 in both the high- and low-MGMT groups. Consistent with the clinical data, mice implanted with ZEB1 knockdown GSCs showed shortened survival compared with mice inoculated with nonsilencing control (NS) short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) GSC glioblastoma. ZEB1-deleted GSCs demonstrated increased tumorigenicity with regard to proliferation and invasion. Importantly, GSCs that lose ZEB1 expression develop enhanced resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and combined chemoradiation. ZEB1 loss may lead to increased HER3 expression through the HER3/Akt pathway associated with this chemoresistance. Conversely, overexpression of ZEB1 in GSCs that are ZEB1 null leads to increased sensitivity to chemoradiation. CONCLUSIONS The study results indicate that ZEB1 loss in cancer stem cells confers resistance to chemoradiation and uncovers a potentially targetable cell surface receptor in these resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Miriam Nuno
- Departments of1Neurosurgery and.,3Department of Biostatics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | | | - Aiguo Li
- 4Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | | | | | - Xuemo Fan
- 5Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles
| | - Wei Zhang
- 4Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Jeremy D Rudnick
- Departments of1Neurosurgery and.,6Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles
| | - Rongfu Wang
- 7USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Cruz JVR, Batista C, Afonso BDH, Alexandre-Moreira MS, Dubois LG, Pontes B, Moura Neto V, Mendes FDA. Obstacles to Glioblastoma Treatment Two Decades after Temozolomide. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133203. [PMID: 35804976 PMCID: PMC9265128 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastomas are the most common and aggressive brain tumors in adults, with a median survival of 15 months. Treatment is surgical removal, followed by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Current chemotherapeutics do not kill all the tumor cells and some cells survive, leading to the appearance of a new tumor resistant to the treatment. These treatment-resistant cells are called tumor stem cells. In addition, glioblastoma cells have a high capacity for migration, forming new tumors in areas distant from the original tumor. Studies are now focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance and controlling drug entry into the brain to improve drug performance. Another promising therapeutic approach is the use of viruses that specifically destroy glioblastoma cells, preserving the neural tissue around the tumor. In this review, we summarize the main biological features of glioblastoma and the therapeutic targets that are currently under study for new clinical trials. Abstract Glioblastomas are considered the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, with an average of 15 months’ survival rate. The treatment is surgery resection, followed by chemotherapy with temozolomide, and/or radiotherapy. Glioblastoma must have wild-type IDH gene and some characteristics, such as TERT promoter mutation, EGFR gene amplification, microvascular proliferation, among others. Glioblastomas have great heterogeneity at cellular and molecular levels, presenting distinct phenotypes and diversified molecular signatures in each tumor mass, making it difficult to define a specific therapeutic target. It is believed that the main responsibility for the emerge of these distinct patterns lies in subcellular populations of tumor stem cells, capable of tumor initiation and asymmetric division. Studies are now focused on understanding molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance, the tumor microenvironment, due to hypoxic and necrotic areas, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix remodeling, and in controlling blood brain barrier permeabilization to improve drug delivery. Another promising therapeutic approach is the use of oncolytic viruses that are able to destroy specifically glioblastoma cells, preserving the neural tissue around the tumor. In this review, we summarize the main biological characteristics of glioblastoma and the cutting-edge therapeutic targets that are currently under study for promising new clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Roza Cruz
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco F, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; (J.V.R.C.); (C.B.); (B.d.H.A.); (B.P.); (V.M.N.)
| | - Carolina Batista
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco F, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; (J.V.R.C.); (C.B.); (B.d.H.A.); (B.P.); (V.M.N.)
| | - Bernardo de Holanda Afonso
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco F, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; (J.V.R.C.); (C.B.); (B.d.H.A.); (B.P.); (V.M.N.)
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rua do Rezende 156, Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, Brazil
| | - Magna Suzana Alexandre-Moreira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, Maceio 57072-970, Brazil;
| | - Luiz Gustavo Dubois
- UFRJ Campus Duque de Caxias Professor Geraldo Cidade, Rodovia Washington Luiz, n. 19.593, km 104.5, Santa Cruz da Serra, Duque de Caxias 25240-005, Brazil;
| | - Bruno Pontes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco F, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; (J.V.R.C.); (C.B.); (B.d.H.A.); (B.P.); (V.M.N.)
| | - Vivaldo Moura Neto
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco F, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; (J.V.R.C.); (C.B.); (B.d.H.A.); (B.P.); (V.M.N.)
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rua do Rezende 156, Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, Brazil
| | - Fabio de Almeida Mendes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco F, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; (J.V.R.C.); (C.B.); (B.d.H.A.); (B.P.); (V.M.N.)
- Correspondence:
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Da-Veiga MA, Rogister B, Lombard A, Neirinckx V, Piette C. Glioma Stem Cells in Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas: From Current Knowledge to Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092296. [PMID: 35565425 PMCID: PMC9099564 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) has a dismal prognosis in which the younger the patient, the more restricted the treatments are, in regard to the incurred risks. Current therapies destroy many tumor cells but fail to target the highly malignant glioma stem cells (GSCs) that adapt quickly to give rise to recurring, treatment-resistant cancers. Despite a lack of consensus around an efficient detection, GSCs are well described in adult brain tumors but remain poorly investigated in pediatric cases, mostly due to their rarity. An improved knowledge about GSC roles in pediatric tumors would provide a key leverage towards the elimination of this sub-population, based on targeted treatments. The aim of this review is to sum up the state of art about GSCs in pHGG. Abstract In children, high-grade gliomas (HGG) and diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) account for a high proportion of death due to cancer. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are tumor cells in a specific state defined by a tumor-initiating capacity following serial transplantation, self-renewal, and an ability to recapitulate tumor heterogeneity. Their presence was demonstrated several decades ago in adult glioblastoma (GBM), and more recently in pediatric HGG and DMG. In adults, we and others have previously suggested that GSCs nest into the subventricular zone (SVZ), a neurogenic niche, where, among others, they find shelter from therapy. Both bench and bedside evidence strongly indicate a role for the GSCs and the SVZ in GBM progression, fostering the development of innovative targeting treatments. Such new therapeutic approaches are of particular interest in infants, in whom standard therapies are often limited due to the risk of late effects. The aim of this review is to describe current knowledge about GSCs in pediatric HGG and DMG, i.e., their characterization, the models that apply to their development and maintenance, the specific signaling pathways that may underlie their activity, and their specific interactions with neurogenic niches. Finally, we will discuss the clinical relevance of these observations and the therapeutic advantages of targeting the SVZ and/or the GSCs in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Da-Veiga
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (M.-A.D.-V.); (B.R.); (A.L.); (V.N.)
| | - Bernard Rogister
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (M.-A.D.-V.); (B.R.); (A.L.); (V.N.)
- Department of Neurology, CHU of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Lombard
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (M.-A.D.-V.); (B.R.); (A.L.); (V.N.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHU of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Virginie Neirinckx
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (M.-A.D.-V.); (B.R.); (A.L.); (V.N.)
| | - Caroline Piette
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (M.-A.D.-V.); (B.R.); (A.L.); (V.N.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, CHU Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Liu Y, Luan Y, Ma K, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Chen XL. ISL1 promotes human glioblastoma-derived stem cells self-renewal by activation of SHH/GLI1 function. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:258-268. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yingfei Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China., Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Luan
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China., China
| | - Kaige Ma
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China., China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China., China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China., China
| | - Xin-lin Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China., Xi'an, Shaanxi, China,
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Hashemi M, abbasiazam A, Oraee-Yazdani S, Lenzer J. Response of human glioblastoma cells to hyperthermia: Cellular apoptosis and molecular events. Tissue Cell 2022; 75:101751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cannabis Biomolecule Effects on Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem Cells: Cytotoxic, Anti-Proliferative, and Anti-Migratory Activities. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040491. [PMID: 35454080 PMCID: PMC9028333 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex family of diseases affecting millions of people worldwide. Gliomas are primary brain tumors that account for ~80% of all malignant brain tumors. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common, invasive, and lethal subtype of glioma. Therapy resistance and intra-GBM tumoral heterogeneity are promoted by subpopulations of glioma stem cells (GSCs). Cannabis sativa produces hundreds of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, terpenes, and phytocannabinoids. Around 160 phytocannabinoids have been identified in C. sativa. Cannabis is commonly used to treat various medical conditions, and it is used in the palliative care of cancer patients. The anti-cancer properties of cannabis compounds include cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and anti-migratory activities on cancer cells and cancer stem cells. The endocannabinoids system is widely distributed in the body, and its dysregulation is associated with different diseases, including various types of cancer. Anti-cancer activities of phytocannabinoids are mediated in glioma cells, at least partially, by the endocannabinoid receptors, triggering various cellular signaling pathways, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Specific combinations of multiple phytocannabinoids act synergistically against cancer cells and may trigger different anti-cancer signaling pathways. Yet, due to scarcity of clinical trials, there remains no solid basis for the anti-cancer therapeutic potential of cannabis compounds.
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Anti-glioblastoma effects of phenolic variants of benzoylphenoxyacetamide (BPA) with high potential for blood brain barrier penetration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3384. [PMID: 35232976 PMCID: PMC8888627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most aggressive brain tumors for which therapeutic options are limited. Current therapies against glioblastoma include surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy plus concomitant treatment and maintenance with temozolomide (TMZ), however, these standard therapies are often ineffective, and average survival time for glioblastoma patients is between 12 and 18 months. We have previously reported a strong anti-glioblastoma activity of several metabolic compounds, which were synthetized based compounds, which were synthetized based on the chemical structure of a common lipid-lowering drug, fenofibrate, and share a general molecular skeleton of benzoylphenoxyacetamide (BPA). Extensive computational analyses of phenol and naphthol moieties added to the BPA skeleton were performed in this study with the objective of selecting new BPA variants for subsequent compound preparation and anti-glioblastoma testing. Initially, 81 structural variations were considered and their physical properties such as solubility (logS), blood–brain partitioning (logBB), and probability of entering the CNS calculated by the Central Nervous System—Multiparameter Optimization (MPO-CNS) algorithm were evaluated. From this initial list, 18 compounds were further evaluated for anti-glioblastoma activity in vitro. Nine compounds demonstrated desirable glioblastoma cell toxicity in cell culture, and two of them, HR51, and HR59 demonstrated significantly improved capability of crossing the model blood–brain-barrier (BBB) composed of endothelial cells, astrocytes and pericytes.
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Combining HDAC and MEK Inhibitors with Radiation against Glioblastoma-Derived Spheres. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050775. [PMID: 35269397 PMCID: PMC8909581 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSLCs) in glioblastoma limit effective treatment and promote therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. Using a combined radiation and drug-screening platform, we tested the combination of a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) and MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor (MEKi) with radiation to predict the efficacy against GSLCs. To mimic a stem-like phenotype, glioblastoma-derived spheres were used and treated with a combination of HDACi (MS-275) and MEKi (TAK-733 or trametinib) with 4 Gy irradiation. The sphere-forming ability after the combined radiochemotherapy was investigated using a sphere formation assay, while the expression levels of the GSLC markers (CD44, Nestin and SOX2) after treatment were analyzed using Western blotting and flow cytometry. The combined radiochemotherapy treatment inhibited the sphere formation in both glioblastoma-derived spheres, decreased the expression of the GSLC markers in a cell-line dependent manner and increased the dead cell population. Finally, we showed that the combined treatment with radiation was more effective at reducing the GSLC markers compared to the standard treatment of temozolomide and radiation. These results suggest that combining HDAC and MEK inhibition with radiation may offer a new strategy to improve the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Uribe D, Niechi I, Rackov G, Erices JI, San Martín R, Quezada C. Adapt to Persist: Glioblastoma Microenvironment and Epigenetic Regulation on Cell Plasticity. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:313. [PMID: 35205179 PMCID: PMC8869716 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive brain tumor, characterized by great resistance to treatments, as well as inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. GBM exhibits infiltration, vascularization and hypoxia-associated necrosis, characteristics that shape a unique microenvironment in which diverse cell types are integrated. A subpopulation of cells denominated GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) exhibits multipotency and self-renewal capacity. GSCs are considered the conductors of tumor progression due to their high tumorigenic capacity, enhanced proliferation, invasion and therapeutic resistance compared to non-GSCs cells. GSCs have been classified into two molecular subtypes: proneural and mesenchymal, the latter showing a more aggressive phenotype. Tumor microenvironment and therapy can induce a proneural-to-mesenchymal transition, as a mechanism of adaptation and resistance to treatments. In addition, GSCs can transition between quiescent and proliferative substates, allowing them to persist in different niches and adapt to different stages of tumor progression. Three niches have been described for GSCs: hypoxic/necrotic, invasive and perivascular, enhancing metabolic changes and cellular interactions shaping GSCs phenotype through metabolic changes and cellular interactions that favor their stemness. The phenotypic flexibility of GSCs to adapt to each niche is modulated by dynamic epigenetic modifications. Methylases, demethylases and histone deacetylase are deregulated in GSCs, allowing them to unlock transcriptional programs that are necessary for cell survival and plasticity. In this review, we described the effects of GSCs plasticity on GBM progression, discussing the role of GSCs niches on modulating their phenotype. Finally, we described epigenetic alterations in GSCs that are important for stemness, cell fate and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Uribe
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (D.U.); (I.N.); (J.I.E.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Ignacio Niechi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (D.U.); (I.N.); (J.I.E.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Gorjana Rackov
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José I. Erices
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (D.U.); (I.N.); (J.I.E.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Rody San Martín
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (D.U.); (I.N.); (J.I.E.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Claudia Quezada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (D.U.); (I.N.); (J.I.E.); (R.S.M.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
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Rios ÁFL, Tirapelli DPDC, Cirino MLDA, Rodrigues AR, Ramos ES, Carlotti CG. Expression of pluripotency-related genes in human glioblastoma. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdab163. [PMID: 35274101 PMCID: PMC8903226 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by several disruptions of the genetic and epigenetic components of cell biology. Some types of cancer have been shown to be constituted by a mosaic of cells with variable differentiation states, with more aggressive tumors being more undifferentiated. In most cases, undifferentiated tumor cells express associated embryonic markers such as the OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, and CARM1 genes. The ectopic or reminiscent expression of some master regulator genes of pluripotency has been indicated as the cause of the poorly differentiated state of tumors, and based on the evidence of some reports, can be used as a possible therapeutic target. Considering this information, a more detailed investigation of the expression of pluripotency-associated genes is necessary to evaluate the roles of these genes in the etiology of some tumors and their use targets of therapy. Methods The expression of four pluripotency-related genes was investigated (OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, and CARM1) in the most malignant primary human brain tumor, glioblastoma (GBM). Results and Conclusion The results demonstrated a signature of OCT4/SOX2/CARM1 genes and a significant increase of CARM1 expression in GBM cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Fabrício Lopes Rios
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Center for Biosciences and Biotechnology, North Fluminense State University, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Mucio Luiz de Assis Cirino
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Romualdo Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Morphofunctional and Integrated Practices, Franca Medical School, University of Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ester S Ramos
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Gilberto Carlotti
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tachon G, Masliantsev K, Rivet P, Desette A, Milin S, Gueret E, Wager M, Karayan-Tapon L, Guichet PO. MEOX2 Transcription Factor Is Involved in Survival and Adhesion of Glioma Stem-like Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235943. [PMID: 34885053 PMCID: PMC8672280 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor for which no curative treatment currently exists. In our previous work, we showed that MEOX2 was associated with a poor patient prognosis but its biological involvement in tumor development remains ill defined. To this purpose, the aim of our study was to investigate the role of MEOX2 in patient-derived glioblastoma cell cultures. We unraveled the MEOX2 contribution to cell viability and growth and its potential involvement in phenotype and adhesion properties of glioblastoma cells. This work paves the way toward a better understanding of the role of MEOX2 in the pathophysiology of primary brain tumors. Abstract The high expression of MEOX2 transcription factor is closely associated with poor overall survival in glioma. MEOX2 has recently been described as an interesting prognostic biomarker, especially for lower grade glioma. MEOX2 has never been studied in glioma stem-like cells (GSC), responsible for glioma recurrence. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of MEOX2 in GSC. Loss of function approach using siRNA was used to assess the impact of MEOX2 on GSC viability and stemness phenotype. MEOX2 was localized in the nucleus and its expression was heterogeneous between GSCs. MEOX2 expression depends on the methylation state of its promoter and is strongly associated with IDH mutations. MEOX2 is involved in cell proliferation and viability regulation through ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. MEOX2 loss of function correlated with GSC differentiation and acquisition of neuronal lineage characteristics. Besides, inhibition of MEOX2 is correlated with increased expression of CDH10 and decreased pFAK. In this study, we unraveled, for the first time, MEOX2 contribution to cell viability and proliferation through AKT/ERK pathway and its potential involvement in phenotype and adhesion properties of GSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Tachon
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, ProDiCeT, 86000 Poitiers, France; (G.T.); (K.M.); (A.D.); (M.W.)
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France;
| | - Konstantin Masliantsev
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, ProDiCeT, 86000 Poitiers, France; (G.T.); (K.M.); (A.D.); (M.W.)
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France;
| | - Pierre Rivet
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France;
| | - Amandine Desette
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, ProDiCeT, 86000 Poitiers, France; (G.T.); (K.M.); (A.D.); (M.W.)
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France;
| | - Serge Milin
- Service d’Anatomo-Cytopathologie, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France;
| | - Elise Gueret
- Université Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France;
- Montpellier GenomiX, France Génomique, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Wager
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, ProDiCeT, 86000 Poitiers, France; (G.T.); (K.M.); (A.D.); (M.W.)
- Service de Neurochirurgie, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Lucie Karayan-Tapon
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, ProDiCeT, 86000 Poitiers, France; (G.T.); (K.M.); (A.D.); (M.W.)
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France;
- Correspondence: (L.K.-T.); (P.-O.G.)
| | - Pierre-Olivier Guichet
- Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, ProDiCeT, 86000 Poitiers, France; (G.T.); (K.M.); (A.D.); (M.W.)
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France;
- Correspondence: (L.K.-T.); (P.-O.G.)
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Farkas DL. Biomedical Applications of Translational Optical Imaging: From Molecules to Humans. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216651. [PMID: 34771060 PMCID: PMC8587670 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is a powerful investigational tool in biomedicine, at all levels of structural organization. Its multitude of features (intensity, wavelength, polarization, interference, coherence, timing, non-linear absorption, and even interactions with itself) able to create contrast, and thus images that detail the makeup and functioning of the living state can and should be combined for maximum effect, especially if one seeks simultaneously high spatiotemporal resolution and discrimination ability within a living organism. The resulting high relevance should be directed towards a better understanding, detection of abnormalities, and ultimately cogent, precise, and effective intervention. The new optical methods and their combinations needed to address modern surgery in the operating room of the future, and major diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration are reviewed here, with emphasis on our own work and highlighting selected applications focusing on quantitation, early detection, treatment assessment, and clinical relevance, and more generally matching the quality of the optical detection approach to the complexity of the disease. This should provide guidance for future advanced theranostics, emphasizing a tighter coupling-spatially and temporally-between detection, diagnosis, and treatment, in the hope that technologic sophistication such as that of a Mars rover can be translationally deployed in the clinic, for saving and improving lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Farkas
- PhotoNanoscopy and Acceleritas Corporations, 13412 Ventura Boulevard, Sherman Oaks, CA 91423, USA; ; Tel.: +1-310-600-7102
- Clinical Photonics Corporation, 8591 Skyline Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90046, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Xu X, Li L, Luo L, Shu L, Si X, Chen Z, Xia W, Huang J, Liu Y, Shao A, Ke Y. Opportunities and challenges of glioma organoids. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:102. [PMID: 34635112 PMCID: PMC8504127 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor and its prognosis is poor. Despite surgical removal, glioma is still prone to recurrence because it grows rapidly in the brain, is resistant to chemotherapy, and is highly aggressive. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a platform to study the cell dynamics of gliomas in order to discover the characteristics of the disease and develop more effective treatments. Although 2D cell models and animal models in previous studies have provided great help for our research, they also have many defects. Recently, scientific researchers have constructed a 3D structure called Organoids, which is similar to the structure of human tissues and organs. Organoids can perfectly compensate for the shortcomings of previous glioma models and are currently the most suitable research platform for glioma research. Therefore, we review the three methods currently used to establish glioma organoids. And introduced how they play a role in the diagnosis and treatment of glioma. Finally, we also summarized the current bottlenecks and difficulties encountered by glioma organoids, and the current efforts to solve these difficulties. Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Xu
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory On Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linting Luo
- Department of Neurology, Liwan Central Hospital of GuangZhou, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Si
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Xia
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory On Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China.
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiquan Ke
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory On Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China.
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Harland A, Liu X, Ghirardello M, Galan MC, Perks CM, Kurian KM. Glioma Stem-Like Cells and Metabolism: Potential for Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743814. [PMID: 34532295 PMCID: PMC8438230 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) were first described as a population which may in part be resistant to traditional chemotherapeutic therapies and responsible for tumour regrowth. Knowledge of the underlying metabolic complexity governing GSC growth and function may point to potential differences between GSCs and the tumour bulk which could be harnessed clinically. There is an increasing interest in the direct/indirect targeting or reprogramming of GSC metabolism as a potential novel therapeutic approach in the adjuvant or recurrent setting to help overcome resistance which may be mediated by GSCs. In this review we will discuss stem-like models, interaction between metabolism and GSCs, and potential current and future strategies for overcoming GSC resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Harland
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Xia Liu
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Ghirardello
- Galan Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Carmen Galan
- Galan Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Claire M Perks
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kathreena M Kurian
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Godoy PRDV, Donaires FS, Montaldi APL, Sakamoto-Hojo ET. Anti-Proliferative Effects of E2F1 Suppression in Glioblastoma Cells. Cytogenet Genome Res 2021; 161:372-381. [PMID: 34482308 DOI: 10.1159/000516997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignant brain tumor; surgery, radiation, and temozolomide still remain the main treatments. There is evidence that E2F1 is overexpressed in various types of cancer, including GBM. E2F1 is a transcription factor that controls the cell cycle progression and regulates DNA damage responses and the proliferation of pluripotent and neural stem cells. To test the potentiality of E2F1 as molecular target for GBM treatment, we suppressed the E2F1 gene (siRNA) in the U87MG cell line, aiming to inhibit cellular proliferation and modulate the radioresistance of these cells. Following E2F1 suppression, associated or not with gamma-irradiation, several assays (cell proliferation, cell cycle analysis, neurosphere counting, and protein expression) were performed in U87MG cells grown as monolayer or neurospheres. We found that siE2F1-suppressed cells showed reduced cell proliferation and increased cell death (sub-G1 fraction) in monolayer cultures, and also a significant reduction in the number of neurospheres. In addition, in irradiated cells, E2F1 suppression caused similar effects, with reduction of the number of neurospheres and neurosphere cell numbers relative to controls; these results suggest that E2F1 plays a role in the maintenance of GBM stem cells, and our results obtained in neurospheres are relevant within the context of radiation resistance. Furthermore, E2F1 suppression inhibited or delayed GBM cell differentiation by maintaining a reasonable proportion of CD133+ cells when grown at differentiation condition. Therefore, E2F1 proved to be an interesting molecular target for therapeutic intervention in U87MG cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R D V Godoy
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil,
| | - Flavia S Donaires
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula L Montaldi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Elza T Sakamoto-Hojo
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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40
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Tian BR, Lin WF, Zhang Y. Effects of biomechanical forces on the biological behavior of cancer stem cells. J Cancer 2021; 12:5895-5902. [PMID: 34476003 PMCID: PMC8408108 DOI: 10.7150/jca.60893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), dynamic subsets of cancer cells, are responsible for malignant progression. The unique properties of CSCs, including self-renewal, differentiation, and malignancy, closely depend on the tumor microenvironment. Mechanical components in the microenvironment, including matrix stiffness, fluid shear stress, compression and tension stress, affect the fate of CSCs and further influence the cancer process. This paper reviews recent studies of mechanical components and CSCs, and further discusses the intrinsic correlation among them. Regulatory mechanisms of mechanical microenvironment, which act on CSCs, have great potential for clinical application and provide different perspectives to drugs and treatment design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ren Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fan Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Enrichment and Transcriptional Characterization of Stem Cells Isolated from Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 32813242 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0759-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most frequent and aggressive brain tumors due to their recurrence and resistance to current therapies. These characteristics are associated with the presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs), mainly identified by the detection of the membrane antigens CD133 and CD15. The main source of GSCs has been biopsies of tumors. However, alternatives are sought from cell lines because more homogeneous populations can be obtained with high yields. This chapter describes a method for the enrichment and characterization of GSCs from cell lines derived from human GBM by selective culture with serum-free neural stem cell medium and growth factors. The technique offers alternatives for the enrichment and characterization of GSCs, that could contribute to a better understanding of the biology of GBMs.
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Peeri H, Shalev N, Vinayaka AC, Nizar R, Kazimirsky G, Namdar D, Anil SM, Belausov E, Brodie C, Koltai H. Specific Compositions of Cannabis sativa Compounds Have Cytotoxic Activity and Inhibit Motility and Colony Formation of Human Glioblastoma Cells In Vitro. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1720. [PMID: 33916466 PMCID: PMC8038598 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal subtype of glioma. Cannabis sativa is used for the treatment of various medical conditions. Around 150 phytocannabinoids have been identified in C. sativa, among them Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) that trigger GBM cell death. However, the optimal combinations of cannabis molecules for anti-GBM activity are unknown. Chemical composition was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Cytotoxic activity was determined by XTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays and apoptosis and cell cycle by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). F-actin structures were observed by confocal microscopy, gene expression by quantitative PCR, and cell migration and invasion by scratch and transwell assays, respectively. Fractions of a high-THC cannabis strain extract had significant cytotoxic activity against GBM cell lines and glioma stem cells derived from tumor specimens. A standard mix (SM) of the active fractions F4 and F5 induced apoptosis and expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress associated-genes. F4 and F5 inhibited cell migration and invasion, altered cell cytoskeletons, and inhibited colony formation in 2 and 3-dimensional models. Combinations of cannabis compounds exert cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and anti-migratory effects and should be examined for efficacy on GBM in pre-clinical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Peeri
- Institute of Plant Science, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (H.P.); (N.S.); (A.C.V.); (D.N.); (S.M.A.); (E.B.)
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (R.N.); (G.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Nurit Shalev
- Institute of Plant Science, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (H.P.); (N.S.); (A.C.V.); (D.N.); (S.M.A.); (E.B.)
| | - Ajjampura C. Vinayaka
- Institute of Plant Science, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (H.P.); (N.S.); (A.C.V.); (D.N.); (S.M.A.); (E.B.)
| | - Rephael Nizar
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (R.N.); (G.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Gila Kazimirsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (R.N.); (G.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Dvora Namdar
- Institute of Plant Science, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (H.P.); (N.S.); (A.C.V.); (D.N.); (S.M.A.); (E.B.)
| | - Seegehalli M. Anil
- Institute of Plant Science, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (H.P.); (N.S.); (A.C.V.); (D.N.); (S.M.A.); (E.B.)
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Institute of Plant Science, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (H.P.); (N.S.); (A.C.V.); (D.N.); (S.M.A.); (E.B.)
| | - Chaya Brodie
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (R.N.); (G.K.); (C.B.)
- Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Hinanit Koltai
- Institute of Plant Science, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (H.P.); (N.S.); (A.C.V.); (D.N.); (S.M.A.); (E.B.)
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Targeting Protein Kinase C in Glioblastoma Treatment. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040381. [PMID: 33916593 PMCID: PMC8067000 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor and is associated with a poor prognosis. Despite the use of combined treatment approaches, recurrence is almost inevitable and survival longer than 14 or 15 months after diagnosis is low. It is therefore necessary to identify new therapeutic targets to fight GBM progression and recurrence. Some publications have pointed out the role of glioma stem cells (GSCs) as the origin of GBM. These cells, with characteristics of neural stem cells (NSC) present in physiological neurogenic niches, have been proposed as being responsible for the high resistance of GBM to current treatments such as temozolomide (TMZ). The protein Kinase C (PKC) family members play an essential role in transducing signals related with cell cycle entrance, differentiation and apoptosis in NSC and participate in distinct signaling cascades that determine NSC and GSC dynamics. Thus, PKC could be a suitable druggable target to treat recurrent GBM. Clinical trials have tested the efficacy of PKCβ inhibitors, and preclinical studies have focused on other PKC isozymes. Here, we discuss the idea that other PKC isozymes may also be involved in GBM progression and that the development of a new generation of effective drugs should consider the balance between the activation of different PKC subtypes.
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Witte KE, Hertel O, Windmöller BA, Helweg LP, Höving AL, Knabbe C, Busche T, Greiner JFW, Kalinowski J, Noll T, Mertzlufft F, Beshay M, Pfitzenmaier J, Kaltschmidt B, Kaltschmidt C, Banz-Jansen C, Simon M. Nanopore Sequencing Reveals Global Transcriptome Signatures of Mitochondrial and Ribosomal Gene Expressions in Various Human Cancer Stem-like Cell Populations. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051136. [PMID: 33800955 PMCID: PMC7962028 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is the leading cause of death in the industrialized world. In particular, so-called cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a crucial role in disease progression, as they are known to contribute to tumor growth and metastasis. Thus, CSCs are heavily investigated in a broad range of cancers. Nevertheless, global transcriptomic profiling of CSC populations derived from different tumor types is rare. We established three CSC populations from tumors in the uterus, brain, lung, and prostate and assessed their global transcriptomes using nanopore full-length cDNA sequencing, a new technique to assess insights into global gene profile. We observed common expression in all CSCs for distinct genes encoding proteins for organelles, such as ribosomes, mitochondria, and proteasomes. Additionally, we detected high expressions of inflammation- and immunity-related genes. Conclusively, we observed high similarities between all CSCs independent of their tumor of origin, which may build the basis for identifying novel therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs. Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are crucial mediators of tumor growth, metastasis, therapy resistance, and recurrence in a broad variety of human cancers. Although their biology is increasingly investigated within the distinct types of cancer, direct comparisons of CSCs from different tumor types allowing comprehensive mechanistic insights are rarely assessed. In the present study, we isolated CSCs from endometrioid carcinomas, glioblastoma multiforme as well as adenocarcinomas of lung and prostate and assessed their global transcriptomes using full-length cDNA nanopore sequencing. Despite the expression of common CSC markers, principal component analysis showed a distinct separation of the CSC populations into three clusters independent of the specific type of tumor. However, GO-term and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed upregulated genes related to ribosomal biosynthesis, the mitochondrion, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolytic pathways, as well as the proteasome, suggesting a great extent of metabolic flexibility in CSCs. Interestingly, the GO term “NF-kB binding” was likewise found to be elevated in all investigated CSC populations. In summary, we here provide evidence for high global transcriptional similarities between CSCs from various tumors, which particularly share upregulated gene expression associated with mitochondrial and ribosomal activity. Our findings may build the basis for identifying novel therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaya E. Witte
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.A.W.); (L.P.H.); (A.L.H.); (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.); (C.B.-J.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-521-106-5629
| | - Oliver Hertel
- Department of Cell Culture Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (O.H.); (T.N.)
- Center for Biotechnology-CeBiTec, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (T.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Beatrice A. Windmöller
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.A.W.); (L.P.H.); (A.L.H.); (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.); (C.B.-J.); (M.S.)
| | - Laureen P. Helweg
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.A.W.); (L.P.H.); (A.L.H.); (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.); (C.B.-J.); (M.S.)
| | - Anna L. Höving
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.A.W.); (L.P.H.); (A.L.H.); (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.); (C.B.-J.); (M.S.)
- Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Tobias Busche
- Center for Biotechnology-CeBiTec, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (T.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Johannes F. W. Greiner
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.A.W.); (L.P.H.); (A.L.H.); (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.); (C.B.-J.); (M.S.)
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Center for Biotechnology-CeBiTec, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (T.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Thomas Noll
- Department of Cell Culture Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (O.H.); (T.N.)
- Center for Biotechnology-CeBiTec, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (T.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Fritz Mertzlufft
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.); (C.B.-J.); (M.S.)
- Scientific Director of the Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Medical School OWL at Bielefeld, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Morris Beshay
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.); (C.B.-J.); (M.S.)
- Department for Thoracic Surgery and Pneumology, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Medical School OWL at Bielefeld, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Burgsteig 13, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jesco Pfitzenmaier
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.); (C.B.-J.); (M.S.)
- Department of Urology and Center for Computer-Assisted and Robotic Urology, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Medical School OWL at Bielefeld, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Burgsteig 13, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.A.W.); (L.P.H.); (A.L.H.); (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.); (C.B.-J.); (M.S.)
- Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.A.W.); (L.P.H.); (A.L.H.); (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.); (C.B.-J.); (M.S.)
| | - Constanze Banz-Jansen
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.); (C.B.-J.); (M.S.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and Perinatal Center, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Medical School OWL at Bielefeld, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Burgsteig 13, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Matthias Simon
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (J.P.); (C.B.-J.); (M.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery and Epilepsy Surgery, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Medical School OWL at Bielefeld, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Burgsteig 13, 33699 Bielefeld, Germany
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Galdieri L, Jash A, Malkova O, Mao DD, DeSouza P, Chu YE, Salter A, Campian JL, Naegle KM, Brennan CW, Wakimoto H, Oh ST, Kim AH, Chheda MG. Defining phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of glioblastoma stem cells by mass cytometry. JCI Insight 2021; 6:128456. [PMID: 33400685 PMCID: PMC7934942 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Most patients with glioblastoma (GBM) die within 2 years. A major therapeutic goal is to target GBM stem cells (GSCs), a subpopulation of cells that contribute to treatment resistance and recurrence. Since their discovery in 2003, GSCs have been isolated using single-surface markers, such as CD15, CD44, CD133, and α6 integrin. It remains unknown how these single-surface marker-defined GSC populations compare with each other in terms of signaling and function and whether expression of different combinations of these markers is associated with different functional capacity. Using mass cytometry and fresh operating room specimens, we found 15 distinct GSC subpopulations in patients, and they differed in their MEK/ERK, WNT, and AKT pathway activation status. Once in culture, some subpopulations were lost and previously undetectable ones materialized. GSCs that highly expressed all 4 surface markers had the greatest self-renewal capacity, WNT inhibitor sensitivity, and in vivo tumorigenicity. This work highlights the potential signaling and phenotypic diversity of GSCs. Larger patient sample sizes and antibody panels are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olga Malkova
- Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, and
| | - Diane D Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Yunli E Chu
- Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biological Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Amber Salter
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jian L Campian
- Department of Medicine.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kristen M Naegle
- Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biological Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Cameron W Brennan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen T Oh
- Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, and.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Albert H Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Milan G Chheda
- Department of Medicine.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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46
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Gong M, Wang X, Mu L, Wang Y, Pan J, Yuan X, Zhou H, Xing J, Wang R, Sun J, Liu Q, Zhang X, Wang L, Chen Y, Pei Y, Li S, Liu L, Zhao Y, Yuan Y. Steroid receptor coactivator-1 enhances the stemness of glioblastoma by activating long noncoding RNA XIST/miR-152/KLF4 pathway. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:604-618. [PMID: 33090636 PMCID: PMC7894023 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence is attributed to the presence of therapy-resistant glioblastoma stem cells. Steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) acts as an oncogenic regulator in many human tumors. The relationship between SRC-1 and GBM has not yet been studied. Herein, we investigate the role of SRC-1 in GBM. In this study, we found that SRC-1 expression is positively correlated with grades of glioma and inversely correlated with glioma patient's prognosis. Steroid receptor coactivator-1 promotes the proliferation, migration, and tumor growth of GBM cells. Notably, SRC-1 knockdown suppresses the stemness of GBM cells. Mechanistically, long noncoding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) is regulated by SRC-1 at the posttranscriptional level and mediates the function of SRC-1 in promoting stemness-like properties of GBM. Steroid receptor coactivator-1 can promote the expression of Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) through the XIST/microRNA (miR)-152 axis. Additionally, arenobufagin and bufalin, SRC small molecule inhibitors, can reduce the proliferation and stemness of GBM cells. This study reveals SRC-1 promotes the stemness of GBM by activating the long noncoding RNA XIST/miR-152/KLF4 pathway and provides novel markers for diagnosis and therapy of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Gong
- The Second Affiliated HospitalInstitute of Cancer Stem CellDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Third People’s Hospital of DalianDalianChina
| | - Lin Mu
- The Second Affiliated HospitalInstitute of Cancer Stem CellDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yueyue Wang
- The Second Affiliated HospitalInstitute of Cancer Stem CellDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Jinjin Pan
- The Second Affiliated HospitalInstitute of Cancer Stem CellDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xiaocheng Yuan
- The Second Affiliated HospitalInstitute of Cancer Stem CellDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Haoran Zhou
- The Second Affiliated HospitalInstitute of Cancer Stem CellDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Jinshan Xing
- The Second Affiliated HospitalInstitute of Cancer Stem CellDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Rui Wang
- The Second Affiliated HospitalInstitute of Cancer Stem CellDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Jian Sun
- The Second Affiliated HospitalInstitute of Cancer Stem CellDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Qiwang Liu
- The Second Affiliated HospitalInstitute of Cancer Stem CellDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xiya Zhang
- The Second Affiliated HospitalInstitute of Cancer Stem CellDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Lin Wang
- The Second Affiliated HospitalInstitute of Cancer Stem CellDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yiying Chen
- The Second Affiliated HospitalInstitute of Cancer Stem CellDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yandong Pei
- The Second Affiliated HospitalInstitute of Cancer Stem CellDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Shao Li
- College of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Liang Liu
- The Second Affiliated HospitalInstitute of Cancer Stem CellDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yongshun Zhao
- The First Affiliated HospitalDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yuhui Yuan
- The Second Affiliated HospitalInstitute of Cancer Stem CellDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
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Geribaldi-Doldán N, Fernández-Ponce C, Quiroz RN, Sánchez-Gomar I, Escorcia LG, Velásquez EP, Quiroz EN. The Role of Microglia in Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2021; 10:603495. [PMID: 33585220 PMCID: PMC7879977 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.603495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB), the most aggressive malignant glioma, is made up of a large percentage of glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAM), suggesting that immune cells play an important role in the pathophysiology of GB. Under physiological conditions, microglia, the phagocytes of the central nervous system (CNS), are involved in various processes such as neurogenesis or axonal growth, and the progression of different conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Through immunohistochemical studies, markers that enhance GB invasiveness have been shown to be expressed in the peritumoral area of the brain, such as Transforming Growth Factor α (TGF-α), Stromal Sell-Derived Factor 1 (SDF1/CXCL12), Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) and Neurotrophic Factor Derived from the Glial cell line (GDNF), contributing to the increase in tumor mass. Similarly, it has also been described 17 biomarkers that are present in hypoxic periarteriolar HSC niches in bone marrow and in hypoxic periarteriolar GSC niches in glioblastoma. Interestingly, microglia plays an important role in the microenvironment that supports GB progression, being one of the most important focal points in the study of therapeutic targets for the development of new drugs. In this review, we describe the altered signaling pathways in microglia in the context of GB. We also show how microglia interact with glioblastoma cells and the epigenetic mechanisms involved. Regarding the interactions between microglia and neurogenic niches, some authors indicate that glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) are similar to neural stem cells (NSC), common stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ), suggesting that this could be the origin of GB. Understanding the similarities between SVZ and the tumor microenvironment could be important to clarify some mechanisms involved in GB malignancy and to support the discovering of new therapeutic targets for the development of more effective glioblastoma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cecilia Fernández-Ponce
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Roberto Navarro Quiroz
- CMCC-Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Laboratório do Biologia Computacional e Bioinformática–LBCB, Universidade Federal do ABC, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ismael Sánchez-Gomar
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Lorena Gómez Escorcia
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Centro de investigación e innovación en Biomoleculas, Care4You, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | - Elkin Navarro Quiroz
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Centro de investigación e innovación en Biomoleculas, Care4You, Barranquilla, Colombia
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Masliantsev K, Karayan-Tapon L, Guichet PO. Hippo Signaling Pathway in Gliomas. Cells 2021; 10:184. [PMID: 33477668 PMCID: PMC7831924 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a highly conserved pathway involved in tissue development and regeneration that controls organ size through the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. The core Hippo pathway is composed of a block of kinases, MST1/2 (Mammalian STE20-like protein kinase 1/2) and LATS1/2 (Large tumor suppressor 1/2), which inhibits nuclear translocation of YAP/TAZ (Yes-Associated Protein 1/Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif) and its downstream association with the TEAD (TEA domain) family of transcription factors. This pathway was recently shown to be involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis in several cancers such as lung, breast, or colorectal cancers but is still poorly investigated in brain tumors. Gliomas are the most common and the most lethal primary brain tumors representing about 80% of malignant central nervous system neoplasms. Despite intensive clinical protocol, the prognosis for patients remains very poor due to systematic relapse and treatment failure. Growing evidence demonstrating the role of Hippo signaling in cancer biology and the lack of efficient treatments for malignant gliomas support the idea that this pathway could represent a potential target paving the way for alternative therapeutics. Based on recent advances in the Hippo pathway deciphering, the main goal of this review is to highlight the role of this pathway in gliomas by a state-of-the-art synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Masliantsev
- Inserm U1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, F-86073 Poitiers, France; (K.M.); (L.K.-T.)
- Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France
- CHU de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, F-86022 Poitiers, France
| | - Lucie Karayan-Tapon
- Inserm U1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, F-86073 Poitiers, France; (K.M.); (L.K.-T.)
- Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France
- CHU de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, F-86022 Poitiers, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Guichet
- Inserm U1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, F-86073 Poitiers, France; (K.M.); (L.K.-T.)
- Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France
- CHU de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, F-86022 Poitiers, France
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Jara N, Ramirez E, Ferrada L, Salazar K, Espinoza F, González-Chavarría I, Nualart F. Vitamin C deficient reduces proliferation in a human periventricular tumor stem cell-derived glioblastoma model. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5801-5817. [PMID: 33432597 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive brain tumor with a median survival of 14.6 months. GBM is highly resistant to radio- and chemotherapy, and remains without a cure; hence, new treatment strategies are constantly sought. Vitamin C, an essential micronutrient and antioxidant, was initially described as an antitumor molecule; however, several studies have shown that it can promote tumor progression and angiogenesis. Thus, considering the high concentrations of vitamin C present in the brain, our aim was to study the effect of vitamin C deficiency on the progression of GBM using a GBM model generated by the stereotactic injection of human GBM cells (U87-MG or HSVT-C3 cells) in the subventricular zone of guinea pig brain. Initial characterization of U87-MG and HSVT-C3 cells showed that HSVT-C3 are highly proliferative, overexpress p53, and are resistant to ferroptosis. To induce intraperiventricular tumors, animals received control or a vitamin C-deficient diet for 3 weeks, after which histopathological and confocal microscopy analyses were performed. We demonstrated that the vitamin C-deficient condition reduced the glomeruloid vasculature and microglia/macrophage infiltration in U87-MG tumors. Furthermore, tumor size, proliferation, glomeruloid vasculature, microglia/macrophage infiltration, and invasion were reduced in C3 tumors carried by vitamin C-deficient guinea pigs. In conclusion, the effect of the vitamin C deficiency was dependent on the tumor cell used for GBM induction. HSVT-C3 cells, a cell line with stem cell features isolated from a human subventricular GBM, showed higher sensitivity to the deficient condition; however, vitamin C deficiency displayed an antitumor effect in both GBM models analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nery Jara
- Department of Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Eder Ramirez
- Department of Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Luciano Ferrada
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO BIO, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Katterine Salazar
- Department of Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO BIO, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Francisca Espinoza
- Department of Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Iván González-Chavarría
- Department of Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Francisco Nualart
- Department of Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO BIO, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
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Akter F, Simon B, de Boer NL, Redjal N, Wakimoto H, Shah K. Pre-clinical tumor models of primary brain tumors: Challenges and opportunities. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188458. [PMID: 33148506 PMCID: PMC7856042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Primary brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of malignancies that originate in cells of the central nervous system. A variety of models tractable for preclinical studies have been developed to recapitulate human brain tumors, allowing us to understand the underlying pathobiology and explore potential treatments. However, many promising therapeutic strategies identified using preclinical models have shown limited efficacy or failed at the clinical trial stage. The inability to develop therapeutic strategies that significantly improve survival rates in patients highlight the compelling need to revisit the design of currently available animal models and explore the use of new models that allow us to bridge the gap between promising preclinical findings and clinical translation. In this review, we discuss current strategies used to model glioblastoma, the most malignant brain tumor in adults and highlight the shortcomings of specific models that must be circumvented for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Akter
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Brennan Simon
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Nadine Leonie de Boer
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Navid Redjal
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America.
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