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Li D, Yang J, Zhao J, Dong Y, Li H, Li T, Wang H, Hu B, Zhou Y, Li F, Yang R. Single-Layer Wide-Angle Scanning Linear Phased Arrays Based on Multimode Microstrip Patch Elements. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 15:3. [PMID: 38276831 PMCID: PMC10820321 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
This paper introduces a novel single-layer microstrip patch element designed to achieve a wide beamwidth, in order to address the growing demand for wide-angle scanning capabilities in modern phased array systems. The proposed element, comprising a slot-etched circular patch and an array of metallized holes arranged in square rings, offers a unique approach to beam shaping. By carefully adjusting parameters such as the slot structure and feeding position, our element is engineered to simultaneously excite both the TM01 and TM21 modes, a key feature that contributes to its wide beamwidth characteristics. Through the constructive interference of these modes, our element demonstrates a remarkable 3 dB beamwidth of approximately 150° in both principal planes, showcasing its potential for wide-angle scanning applications. To validate the practical performance of this proposed element, two linear phased arrays are manufactured and experimentally evaluated. The simulation results confirm the wide-angle scanning capability of the antennas in both the E-plane and H-plane. Furthermore, the experimental assessment demonstrates that these linear phased arrays can effectively generate scanning beams within a frequency range of 25 GHz to 28 GHz, covering a wide angular range from -60° to 60°, while maintaining a gain loss within 3 dB. This innovative design approach not only offers a promising solution for achieving a wide beamwidth in microstrip patch elements, but also holds significant potential for the development of cost-effective phased arrays with wide-angle scanning capabilities, making it a valuable contribution to the advancement of phased array technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Li
- The 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Group Corporation, Shijiazhuang 050081, China;
| | - Jie Yang
- Beijing Research Institute of Telemetry, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Jianing Zhao
- College of Computer Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China; (Y.D.); (F.L.); (R.Y.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Embedded Technology and Intelligent System, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China; (T.L.); (H.W.); (B.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yongzhen Dong
- College of Computer Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China; (Y.D.); (F.L.); (R.Y.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Embedded Technology and Intelligent System, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Hao Li
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China; (T.L.); (H.W.); (B.H.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Tianming Li
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China; (T.L.); (H.W.); (B.H.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China; (T.L.); (H.W.); (B.H.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Biao Hu
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China; (T.L.); (H.W.); (B.H.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yihong Zhou
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China; (T.L.); (H.W.); (B.H.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Computer Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China; (Y.D.); (F.L.); (R.Y.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Embedded Technology and Intelligent System, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Ruoyang Yang
- College of Computer Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China; (Y.D.); (F.L.); (R.Y.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Embedded Technology and Intelligent System, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
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Bhatta A, Park J, Baek D, Kim JG. A Multimode 28 GHz CMOS Fully Differential Beamforming IC for Phased Array Transceivers. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:6124. [PMID: 37447973 DOI: 10.3390/s23136124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
A 28 GHz fully differential eight-channel beamforming IC (BFIC) with multimode operations is implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology for use in phased array transceivers. The BFIC has an adjustable gain and phase control on each channel to achieve fine beam steering and beam pattern. The BFIC has eight differential beamforming channels each consisting of the two-stage bi-directional amplifier with a precise gain control circuit, a six-bit phase shifter, a three-bit digital step attenuator, and a tuning bit for amplitude and phase variation compensation. The Tx and Rx mode overall gains of the differential eight-channel BFIC are around 11 dB and 9 dB, respectively, at 27.0-29.5 GHz. The return losses of the Tx mode and Rx mode are >10 dB at 27.0-29.5 GHz. The maximum phase of 354° with a phase resolution of 5.6° and the maximum attenuation of 31 dB, including the gain control bits with an attenuation resolution of 1 dB, is achieved at 27.0-29.5 GHz. The root mean square (RMS) phase and amplitude errors are <3.2° and <0.6 dB at 27.0-29.5 GHz, respectively. The chip size is 3.0 × 3.5 mm2, including pads, and Tx mode current consumption is 580 mA at 2.5 V supply voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush Bhatta
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsoo Park
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Donghyun Baek
- School of Electrical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Geun Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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3
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Poland S, Stern M, English N, Pedlow S, Archambeau K, Carris K. Design and Implementation of the Surveys of Women: Protocol for an Address-Based Sampling Multimodal Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e40675. [PMID: 36920469 PMCID: PMC10131823 DOI: 10.2196/40675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies conducted in the United States such as the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) and the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) collect data on pregnancy intentions to aid in improving health education, services, and programs. PRAMS collects data from specific sites, and NSFG is a national household-based survey. Like NSFG, the Surveys of Women was designed to survey participants residing in households using an address-based sample and a multimode data collection approach. The Surveys of Women collects data from eligible participants in 9 states within the United States on contraception use, reproductive health, and pregnancy intentions. In this paper, we focus on the baseline data collection protocol, including sample design, data collection procedures, and data processing. We also include a brief discussion on the follow-up and endline survey methodologies. Our goal is to inform other researchers on methods to consider when fielding a household-level reproductive health survey. OBJECTIVE The Surveys of Women was developed to support state-specific research and evaluation projects, with an overall goal of understanding contraceptive health practices among women aged 18-44 years. The project collects data from respondents in 9 different states (Arizona, Alabama, Delaware, Iowa, Maryland, New Jersey, Ohio, South Carolina, and Wisconsin) over multiple rounds. METHODS Households were selected at random using address-based sampling methods. This project includes a cross-sectional baseline survey, 2 or 3 follow-up surveys with an opt-in panel of respondents, and a cross-sectional endline survey. Each round of data collection uses a multimode design through the use of a programmed web survey and a formatted hard copy questionnaire. Participants from the randomly selected households access their personalized surveys through a web survey or mail in a hard copy questionnaire. To maximize responses, these surveys follow a rigorous schedule of various prompts bolstering the survey implementation design, and the participants received a modest monetary incentive. RESULTS This is an ongoing project with results published separately by the evaluation teams involved with data analysis. CONCLUSIONS The methods used in the first baseline survey informed modifications to the methods used in subsequent statewide surveys. Data collected from this project will provide insight into women's reproductive health, contraceptive use, and abortion attitudes in the 9 selected states. The long-term goal of the project is to use a data collection methodology that collects data from a representative sample of participants to assess changes in reproductive health behaviors over time. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/40675.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Poland
- National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michael Stern
- Department of Media & Information, College of Communication Arts and Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Ned English
- National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Steven Pedlow
- National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Katherine Archambeau
- National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kari Carris
- National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Yu H, Zhang X, Shan X, Hu L, Zhang X, Hou C, Xie T. A Novel Bird-Shape Broadband Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for Low Frequency Vibrations. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:421. [PMID: 36838122 PMCID: PMC9963685 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a novel bird-shaped broadband piezoelectric energy harvester based on a two-DOF crossed beam for low-frequency environmental vibrations. The harvester features a cantilever mounted on a double-hinged beam, whose rotating motions effectively diminish its natural frequencies. Numerical simulation based on the finite element method is conducted to analyze the modal shapes and the harmonic response of the proposed harvester. Prototypes are fabricated and experiments are carried out by a testing system, whose results indicate a good agreement with the simulation. The multi-frequency energy harvesting is achieved at the first-, second-, and fifth-order resonances. In particular, the proposed harvester demonstrates the remarkable output characteristics of 9.53 mW and 1.83 mW at frequencies as low as 19.23 HZ and 45.38 Hz, which are superior to the majority of existing energy harvesters. Besides, the influences of key parameters on the harvesting performance are experimentally investigated to optimize the environmental adaptability of the harvester. This work provides a new perspective for efficiently harvesting the low-frequency vibration energy, which can be utilized for supplying power to electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaobiao Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Liangxing Hu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xingxu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Chengwei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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Sun X, Hu J, Yan X, Li T, Chang Y, Qu H, Pang W, Duan X. On-Chip Monolithic Integrated Multimode Carbon Nanotube Sensor for a Gas Chromatography Detector. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3049-3056. [PMID: 36227068 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT)-based chemiresistors are promising gas detectors for gas chromatography (GC) due to their intrinsic nanoscale porosity and excellent electrical conductivity. However, fabrication reproducibility, long desorption time, limited sensitivity, and low dynamic range limit their usage in real applications. This paper reports a novel on-chip monolithic integrated multimode CNT sensor, where a micro-electro-mechanical system-based bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator is embedded underneath a CNT chemiresistor. The device fabrication repeatability was improved by on-site monitoring of CNT deposition using BAW. We found that the acoustic stimulation can accelerate the gas desorption rate from the CNT surface, which solves the slow desorption issue. Due to the different sensing mechanisms, the multimode CNT sensor provides complementary responses to targets with improved sensitivity and dynamic range compared to a single mode detector. A prototype of a chromatographic system using the multimode CNT sensor was prepared by dedicated design of the connection between the device and the separation column. Such a GC system is used for the quantitative identification of a gas mixture at different GC conditions, which proves the feasibility of the multimode CNT detector for chromatographic analysis. The as-developed CMOS compatible multimode CNT sensor offers high sensing performance, miniaturized size, and low power consumption, which are critical for developing portable GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyou Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Jizhou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Xu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Tiechuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Ye Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Hemi Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Wei Pang
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
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6
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Yang Z, Jia Y, Zhang J. Hierarchical-Morphology Metal/Polymer Heterostructure for Scalable Multimodal Thermal Management. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:24755-24765. [PMID: 35580302 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The cooling and heating energy consumption of buildings poses a serious threat to the energy supply and increases greenhouse gas emissions, thus adversely impacting global warming and the long-term climate change trends. Here, inspired by the structure of the louver, this work demonstrates a multimodal device that integrates radiative cooling, natural lighting, and solar heating to deal with the grand challenge of building energy consumption. The blades integrate a selective radiative cooling material with a solar heating material. The selective radiative cooling material (solar reflectance ∼97%, selective emittance ∼0.82 in the 8-13 μm waveband) combines a solar reflective melt-blown polypropylene film and a solar transparent mid-infrared emitter polyethylene/silicon dioxide film. In addition, the heating material (solar absorptance ∼91%, thermal emittance ∼0.04) is zinc (Zn) film deposited with copper (Cu) nanoparticles, based on the Cu-Zn galvanic-displacement reaction. Hence, by rotating the blades, the conversion of radiative cooling, solar heating, and natural lighting functions can be realized. In the daytime, the multimodal device displays a subambient temperature of 4 °C, a superambient temperature of 2 °C, and a superambient temperature of 5 °C for the cooling mode, transmitting mode, and solar heating mode, respectively. On the basis of the energy-savings simulation, integrating these modes and dynamic converting these modes in the corresponding climate could save ∼746 GJ in the contiguous United States for one year (38% of the baseline energy consumption), which is equivalent to ∼147 tons of carbon dioxide emission reduction. Because of its excellent multimodal thermal management performance, this multimodal device will push forward the transformative change of building thermal management toward decarbonization and sustainability and being more green.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangbin Yang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yu Jia
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Nanjing 211816, China
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Farkas DL. Biomedical Applications of Translational Optical Imaging: From Molecules to Humans. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216651. [PMID: 34771060 PMCID: PMC8587670 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is a powerful investigational tool in biomedicine, at all levels of structural organization. Its multitude of features (intensity, wavelength, polarization, interference, coherence, timing, non-linear absorption, and even interactions with itself) able to create contrast, and thus images that detail the makeup and functioning of the living state can and should be combined for maximum effect, especially if one seeks simultaneously high spatiotemporal resolution and discrimination ability within a living organism. The resulting high relevance should be directed towards a better understanding, detection of abnormalities, and ultimately cogent, precise, and effective intervention. The new optical methods and their combinations needed to address modern surgery in the operating room of the future, and major diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration are reviewed here, with emphasis on our own work and highlighting selected applications focusing on quantitation, early detection, treatment assessment, and clinical relevance, and more generally matching the quality of the optical detection approach to the complexity of the disease. This should provide guidance for future advanced theranostics, emphasizing a tighter coupling-spatially and temporally-between detection, diagnosis, and treatment, in the hope that technologic sophistication such as that of a Mars rover can be translationally deployed in the clinic, for saving and improving lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Farkas
- PhotoNanoscopy and Acceleritas Corporations, 13412 Ventura Boulevard, Sherman Oaks, CA 91423, USA; ; Tel.: +1-310-600-7102
- Clinical Photonics Corporation, 8591 Skyline Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90046, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Xu J, Ban C, Xiu F, Tian Z, Jiang W, Zhang M, Zhang H, Zhou Z, Liu J, Huang W. Multimode Visualization of Electronic Skin from Bioinspired Colorimetric Sensor. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:30205-30212. [PMID: 34137259 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioskins possess a great ability to detect and deliver external mechanical or temperature stimuli into identifiable signals such as color changes. However, the integration of visualization with simultaneous detection of multiple complex external stimuli in a single biosensor device remains a challenge. Here we propose an all-solution-processed bioinspired stretchable electronic skin with interactive color changes and four-mode sensing properties. The fabricated biosensor demonstrates sensitive responses to various stimuli including pressure, strain, voltage, and temperature. Sensing visualization is realized by color changes of the e-skin from brown to green and finally bright yellow as a response to intensified external stimuli, suggesting great application potential in military defense, healthcare monitoring, and smart bionic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chaoyi Ban
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Fei Xiu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhihui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wenjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Minjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Heshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Juqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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9
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Wang X, Zhou Z, Ban C, Zhang Z, Ju S, Huang X, Mao H, Chang Q, Yin Y, Song M, Cheng S, Ding Y, Liu Z, Ju R, Xie L, Miao F, Liu J, Huang W. Multifunctional Polymer Memory via Bi-Interfacial Topography for Pressure Perception Recognition. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:1902864. [PMID: 32328417 PMCID: PMC7175288 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Emerging memory devices, that can provide programmable information recording with tunable resistive switching under external stimuli, hold great potential for applications in data storage, logic circuits, and artificial synapses. Realization of multifunctional manipulation within individual memory devices is particularly important in the More-than-Moore era, yet remains a challenge. Here, both rewritable and nonerasable memory are demonstrated in a single stimuli-responsive polymer diode, based on a nanohole-nanowrinkle bi-interfacial structure. Such synergic nanostructure is constructed from interfacing a nanowrinkled bottom graphene electrode and top polymer matrix with nanoholes; and it can be easily prepared by spin coating, which is a low-cost and high-yield production method. Furthermore, the resulting device, with ternary and low-power operation under varied external stimuli, can enable both reversible and irreversible biomimetic pressure recognition memories using a device-to-system framework. This work offers both a general guideline to fabricate multifunctional memory devices via interfacial nanostructure engineering and a smart information storage basis for future artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Chaoyi Ban
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Zepu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Shang Ju
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Huiwu Mao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Qing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Yuhang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Mengya Song
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Shuai Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Yamei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Zhengdong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Ruolin Ju
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT)9 Wenyuan RoadNanjing210023China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT)9 Wenyuan RoadNanjing210023China
| | - Feng Miao
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresSchool of PhysicsCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
| | - Juqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT)9 Wenyuan RoadNanjing210023China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU)127 West Youyi RoadXi'an710072China
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Sato T, Takagaki T, Ikeda M, Nikaido T, Burrow MF, Tagami J. Effects of Selective Phosphoric Acid Etching on Enamel Using "No-wait" Self-etching Adhesives. J Adhes Dent 2019; 20:407-415. [PMID: 30417896 DOI: 10.3290/j.jad.a41359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of selective phosphoric acid etching on enamel using "no-wait" self-etching adhesives. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (UBQ, Kuraray Noritake) or G-Premio BOND (GPB, GC) was applied to ground human enamel surfaces. The adhesives were used in 3 modes: no-waiting self-etching mode (UBQ-0 or GPB-0), 10-s self-etching mode (UBQ-10 or GPB-10), and the selective-etch mode with phosphoric acid etching (UBQ-PA or GPB-PA). After an acid-base challenge, the morphological attributes of the interface were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterize the acid-base resistant zone (ABRZ). Microshear bond strength (µSBS) testing to enamel and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the adhesive resin were carried out. RESULTS ABRZ formation was confirmed in all groups. UBQ-PA and GPB-PA created thicker ABRZ with no funnel-shaped erosion beneath the adhesive-enamel interface. µSBS of UBQ-PA was significantly higher than UBQ-0 and UBQ-10 (p < 0.05). However, there were no statistically signficant differences in µSBS among GPB-0, GPB-10, and GPB-PA. For the UTS, UBQ was significantly higher than GPB. CONCLUSION Selective phosphoric acid etching created a stable adhesive-enamel interface. The no-waiting self-etching concept adhesive led to a thinner ABRZ. The results of µSBS suggest that phosphoric acid etching effects on enamel are material dependent.
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Peláez G, Vaugan J, Izquierdo P, Rubio H, García-Prada JC. Dynamics and Embedded Internet of Things Input Shaping Control for Overhead Cranes Transporting Multibody Payloads. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:s18061817. [PMID: 29867055 PMCID: PMC6022085 DOI: 10.3390/s18061817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Input shaping is an Optimal Control feedforward strategy whose ability to define how and when a flexible dynamical system defined by Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) and computer controlled would move into its operative space, without command induced unwanted dynamics, has been exhaustively demonstrated. This work examines the issue of Embedded Internet of Things (IoT) Input Shaping with regard to real time control of multibody oscillatory systems whose dynamics are better described by differential algebraic equations (DAEs). An overhead crane hanging a double link multibody payload has been appointed as a benchmark case; it is a multibody, multimode system. This might be worst scenario to implement Input Shaping. The reasons can be found in the wide array of constraints that arise. Firstly, the reliability of the multibody model was tested on a Functional Mock-Up Interface (FMI) with the two link payload suspended from the trolley by comparing the experimental video tapping signals in time domain faced with the signals extracted from the multibody model. The FFTs of the simulated and the experimental signal contain the same frequency harmonics only with somewhat different power due to the real world light damping in the joints. The application of this approach may be extended to other cases i.e., the usefulness of mobile hydraulic cranes is limited because the payload is supported by an overhead cable under tension that allows oscillation to occur during crane motion. If the payload size is not negligible small when compared with the cable length may introduce an additional oscillatory mode that creates a multibody double pendulum. To give the insight into the double pendulum dynamics by Lagrangian methods two slender rods as payloads are analyzed dealing with the overhead crane and a composite revolute-revolute joint is proposed to model the cable of the hydraulic crane, both assumptions facilitates an affordable analysis. This allows developing a general study of this type of multibody payloads dynamics including its normal modes, modes ratios plus ranges of frequencies expected. Input Shapers were calculated for those multimodes of vibration by convolving Specified Insensitivity (SI) shapers for each mode plus a novel Direct SI-SI shaper well suited to reduce the computational requirements, i.e., the number of the shaper taps, to carry out the convolution sum in real time by the IoT device based on a single microcontroller working as the command generator. Several comparisons are presented for the shaped and unshaped responses using both the multibody model, the experimental FMI set-up and finally a real world hydraulic crane under slewing motion commanded by an analog Joystick connected by two RF modules 802.15.4 to the IoT device that carry out the convolution sum in real time. Input Shaping improves the performances for all the cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Peláez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Joshua Vaugan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA.
| | - Pablo Izquierdo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Higinio Rubio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28903 Madrid, Spain.
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Suo J, Zhang Q, Chang W, Shi J, Yan Z, Chen M. [Evaluation of Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis by Using Radiomics of Dual-modal Ultrasound Composed of Elastography and B-mode]. Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi 2017; 41:313-316. [PMID: 29862714 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-7104.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the diagnostic value of quantitative radiomics features from dual-modal ultrasound composed of elastography and B-mode for axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 161 axillary lymph nodes (69 benign and 92 metastatic) undergoing real-time elastography and B-mode ultrasound from 158 patients with breast cancer. We extracted a total of 428 features, consisting of morphologic features from B-mode, and intensity features and gray-level co-occurrence matrix features from the dual modalities, and the optimal subsut of features was selected through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) under the condition of leave-one-out cross validation. We used SVM for the classification of benign and metastatic nodes. RESULTS The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and Youden's index of the 35 radiomics features selected with Lasso were 86.96%, 85.51%, 86.34% and 72.46%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The radiomics features from dual-modal ultrasound (elastography and B-mode) have demonstrated good performance for classification and have potential to be applied to clinical diagnosis of axillary lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Suo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444
| | - Wanying Chang
- Department of Ultrasound, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025
| | - Jun Shi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444
| | - Zhuangzhi Yan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444
| | - Man Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025
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Abstract
We show that silicon-based metagratings capable of large-angle, multifunctional performance can be realized using inverse freeform design. These devices consist of nonintuitive nanoscale patterns and support a large number of spatially overlapping optical modes per unit area. The quantity of modes, in combination with their optimized responses, provides the degrees of freedom required to produce high-efficiency devices. To demonstrate the power and versatility of our approach, we fabricate metagratings that can efficiently deflect light to 75° angles and multifunctional devices that can steer beams to different diffraction orders based on wavelength. A theoretical analysis of the Bloch modes supported by these devices elucidates the spatial mode profiles and coupling dynamics that make high-performance beam deflection possible. This approach represents a new paradigm in nano-optical mode engineering and utilizes different physics from the current state-of-the-art, which is based on the stitching of noninteracting waveguide structures. We envision that inverse design will enable new classes of high-performance photonic systems and new strategies toward the nanoscale control of light fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sell
- Department of Applied Physics and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jianji Yang
- Department of Applied Physics and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sage Doshay
- Department of Applied Physics and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Applied Physics and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jonathan A Fan
- Department of Applied Physics and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Abstract
We realize a simple and robust optomechanical system with a multitude of long-lived (Q > 107) mechanical modes in a phononic-bandgap shielded membrane resonator. An optical mode of a compact Fabry-Perot resonator detects these modes' motion with a measurement rate (96 kHz) that exceeds the mechanical decoherence rates already at moderate cryogenic temperatures (10 K). Reaching this quantum regime entails, inter alia, quantum measurement backaction exceeding thermal forces and thus strong optomechanical quantum correlations. In particular, we observe ponderomotive squeezing of the output light mediated by a multitude of mechanical resonator modes, with quantum noise suppression up to -2.4 dB (-3.6 dB if corrected for detection losses) and bandwidths ≲90 kHz. The multimode nature of the membrane and Fabry-Perot resonators will allow multimode entanglement involving electromagnetic, mechanical, and spin degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yeghishe Tsaturyan
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Eugene S Polzik
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albert Schliesser
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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