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Csergeová L, Krbušek D, Janoštiak R. CIP/KIP and INK4 families as hostages of oncogenic signaling. Cell Div 2024; 19:11. [PMID: 38561743 PMCID: PMC10985988 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-024-00115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
CIP/KIP and INK4 families of Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) are well-established cell cycle regulatory proteins whose canonical function is binding to Cyclin-CDK complexes and altering their function. Initial experiments showed that these proteins negatively regulate cell cycle progression and thus are tumor suppressors in the context of molecular oncology. However, expanded research into the functions of these proteins showed that most of them have non-canonical functions, both cell cycle-dependent and independent, and can even act as tumor enhancers depending on their posttranslational modifications, subcellular localization, and cell state context. This review aims to provide an overview of canonical as well as non-canonical functions of CIP/KIP and INK4 families of CKIs, discuss the potential avenues to promote their tumor suppressor functions instead of tumor enhancing ones, and how they could be utilized to design improved treatment regimens for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Csergeová
- BIOCEV-First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - David Krbušek
- BIOCEV-First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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2
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INK4 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231524. [PMID: 35771229 PMCID: PMC9284345 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20221082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The INK4 family is an important family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) and consists of CDKN2A, CDKN2B, CDKN2, and CDKN2D. Abnormal expression of CDKN2A has been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is associated with the prognosis of patients and infiltration of immune cells. However, there is a lack of systematic research on the roles of the other INK4 family members in the diagnosis, prognosis, and immune regulation of HCC. Using online public databases and clinical samples, we comprehensively analyzed the INK4 family in HCC. All four INK4 proteins were overexpressed in HCC and correlated with advanced cancer stage and poor prognosis. INK4 expression accurately distinguished tumor from normal tissue, particularly CDKN2A and CDKN2C. The INK4 family participated in cell-cycle regulation and the DNA damage repair pathway, which inhibited genotoxic-induced apoptosis in tumorigenesis. INK4 proteins were positively correlated with the infiltration of immune cells (B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells) and immune checkpoints (CTLA-4, PD1, and PD-L1). CDKN2D had the highest correlation (correlation coefficient >0.3) with all the above-mentioned infiltrating immune cells and immune checkpoints, indicating that it may be useful as an immunotherapy target. The INK4 family was valuable for diagnosis and predicting the prognosis of HCC and participated in the occurrence, progression, and immune regulation of HCC, demonstrating its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in HCC.
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Folding and Stability of Ankyrin Repeats Control Biological Protein Function. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060840. [PMID: 34198779 PMCID: PMC8229355 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ankyrin repeat proteins are found in all three kingdoms of life. Fundamentally, these proteins are involved in protein-protein interaction in order to activate or suppress biological processes. The basic architecture of these proteins comprises repeating modules forming elongated structures. Due to the lack of long-range interactions, a graded stability among the repeats is the generic properties of this protein family determining both protein folding and biological function. Protein folding intermediates were frequently found to be key for the biological functions of repeat proteins. In this review, we discuss most recent findings addressing this close relation for ankyrin repeat proteins including DARPins, Notch receptor ankyrin repeat domain, IκBα inhibitor of NFκB, and CDK inhibitor p19INK4d. The role of local folding and unfolding and gradual stability of individual repeats will be discussed during protein folding, protein-protein interactions, and post-translational modifications. The conformational changes of these repeats function as molecular switches for biological regulation, a versatile property for modern drug discovery.
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Amani J, Gorjizadeh N, Younesi S, Najafi M, Ashrafi AM, Irian S, Gorjizadeh N, Azizian K. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) and the DNA damage response: The link between signaling pathways and cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 102:103103. [PMID: 33812232 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
At the cellular level, DNA repair mechanisms are crucial in maintaining both genomic integrity and stability. DNA damage appears to be a central culprit in tumor onset and progression. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their regulatory partners coordinate the cell cycle progression. Aberrant CDK activity has been linked to a variety of cancers through deregulation of cell-cycle control. Besides DNA damaging agents and chromosome instability (CIN), disruptions in the levels of cell cycle regulators including cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) would result in unscheduled proliferation and cell division. The INK4 and Cip/Kip (CDK interacting protein/kinase inhibitor protein) family of CDKI proteins are involved in cell cycle regulation, transcription regulation, apoptosis, and cell migration. A thorough understanding of how these CDKIs regulate the DNA damage response through multiple signaling pathways may provide an opportunity to design efficient treatment strategies to inhibit carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nassim Gorjizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Simin Younesi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Mojtaba Najafi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Golestan, Iran
| | - Arash M Ashrafi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Saeed Irian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Gorjizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Khalil Azizian
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran.
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Han X, Kuang Y, Chen H, Liu T, Zhang J, Liu J. p19INK4d: More than Just a Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:96-102. [PMID: 31400265 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190809161901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) are important cell cycle regulators. The CDKI family is composed of the INK4 family and the CIP/KIP family. p19INK4d belongs to the INK4 gene family and is involved in a series of normal physiological activities and the pathogenesis of diseases. Many factors play regulatory roles in the p19INK4d gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. p19INK4d not only regulates the cell cycle but also plays regulatory roles in apoptosis, DNA damage repair, cell differentiation of hematopoietic cells, and cellular senescence. In this review, the regulatory network of the p19INK4d gene expression and its biological functions are summarized, which provides a basis for further study of p19INK4d as a drug target for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Molecular Biology Research Center and the Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yijin Kuang
- Molecular Biology Research Center and the Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huiyong Chen
- Molecular Biology Research Center and the Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center and the Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Yun Z, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Jin Z. Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using Vetex negundo and evaluation of pro-apoptotic effect on human gastric cancer cell lines. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 203:111749. [PMID: 31884347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is mainly widespread gastrointestinal malignancy,which reports for 8% of overallcases in carcinogenesis and 10% of yearly fatality, is 4thprimary cause of cancer associated death global. The plan of the present research was to develop ethanolic extract of Vitex negundo-loaded gold nanoparticles (VN-AuNPs) and to appraise the various characteristic methods likes UV-vis spectroscopy, SAED, FTIR, XRD and HR-TEM. Additionally, the anticancer effect of VN-AuNPs on AGS cells were analysed by cell viability, apoptotic morphological changes by TUNEL, AO/EtBr and Hoechst staining, alterations of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and production reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, the status of apoptosis gene such as caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bax and caspase-9 expressions was analysed by using western and RT-PCR techniques. Synthesized AuNPs established by UV absorption peak of the highest at 538 and crystal nature of AuNPs was additionallyverifiedwith SAED and XRD. TEM images were illustrates size and morphological division of NPs. FTIR examinationscompletedalkene, carbodiimide and aliphatic primary amines of biomolecules werepresent in synthesized VN-AuNPs. Additionally, AuNPs were stimulatedapoptosis throughthe cytotoxicity effect,changes of MMP, generation of ROS, nuclear and apoptotic morphological alterationsvia TUNEL, AO/EtBr and Hoechst assay. Furthermore, molecular mechanisms also provoked apoptosis through modulating pro (caspase-3, Bax, Bid, caspase-9) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL) mediators by western blotting and gene expression in AGS cells. This production of AuNPs from VN was eco-friendly, large-scaled up and easy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yun
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhu Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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Arshad M, Ozaslan M, Ali HK, Safdar M, Junejo Y, Babar ME. Molecular Investigation of Gold Nanoparticles Toxicity in Mice Model and p53 Activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2019.391.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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OTX015 (MK-8628), a novel BET inhibitor, exhibits antitumor activity in non-small cell and small cell lung cancer models harboring different oncogenic mutations. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84675-84687. [PMID: 27835869 PMCID: PMC5354535 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors targeting epigenetic control points of oncogenes offer a potential mean of blocking tumor progression in small cell and non-small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC, NSCLC). OTX015 (MK-8628) is a BET inhibitor selectively blocking BRD2/3/4. OTX015 was evaluated in a panel of NSCLC or SCLC models harboring different oncogenic mutations. Cell proliferation inhibition and cell cycle arrest were seen in sensitive NSCLC cells. MYC and MYCN were downregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, OTX015-treatment significantly downregulated various stemness cell markers, including NANOG, Musashi-1, CD113 and EpCAM in H3122-tumors in vivo. Conversely, in SCLC models, weak antitumor activity was observed with OTX015, both in vitro and in vivo. No predictive biomarkers of OTX015 activity were identified in a large panel of candidate genes known to be affected by BET inhibition. In NSCLC models, OTX015 was equally active in both EML4-ALK positive and negative cell lines, whereas in SCLC models the presence of functional RB1 protein, which controls cell progression at G1, may be related to the final biological outcome of OTX015. Gene expression profiling in NSCLC and SCLC cell lines showed that OTX015 affects important genes and pathways with a very high overlapping between both sensitive and resistant cell lines. These data support the rationale for the OTX015 Phase Ib (NCT02259114) in solid tumors, where NSCLC patients with rearranged ALK gene or KRAS-positive mutations are currently being treated.
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BOK promotes chemical-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:708-720. [PMID: 29229991 PMCID: PMC5864194 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BCL-2-related ovarian killer (BOK) is a conserved and widely expressed BCL-2 family member with sequence homology to pro-apoptotic BAX and BAK, but with poorly understood pathophysiological function. Since several members of the BCL-2 family are critically involved in the regulation of hepatocellular apoptosis and carcinogenesis we aimed to establish whether loss of BOK affects diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Short-term exposure to DEN lead to upregulation of BOK mRNA and protein in the liver. Of note, induction of CHOP and the pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins PUMA and BIM by DEN was strongly reduced in the absence of BOK. Accordingly, Bok-/- mice were significantly protected from DEN-induced acute hepatocellular apoptosis and associated inflammation. As a consequence, Bok-/- animals were partially protected against chemical-induced hepatocarcinogenesis showing fewer and, surprisingly, also smaller tumors than WT controls. Gene expression profiling revealed that downregulation of BOK results in upregulation of genes involved in cell cycle arrest. Bok-/- hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) displayed higher expression levels of the cyclin kinase inhibitors p19INK4d and p21cip1. Accordingly, hepatocellular carcinoma in Bok-/- animals, BOK-deficient human HCC cell lines, as well as non-transformed cells, showed significantly less proliferation than BOK-proficient controls. We conclude that BOK is induced by DEN, contributes to DEN-induced hepatocellular apoptosis and resulting hepatocarcinogenesis. In line with its previously reported predominant localization at the endoplasmic reticulum, our findings support a role of BOK that links the cell cycle and cell death machineries upstream of mitochondrial damage.
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Khan ZUH, Khan A, Chen Y, Shah NS, Muhammad N, Khan AU, Tahir K, Khan FU, Murtaza B, Hassan SU, Qaisrani SA, Wan P. Biomedical applications of green synthesized Nobel metal nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 173:150-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Oxidative stress-induced CREB upregulation promotes DNA damage repair prior to neuronal cell death protection. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 425:9-24. [PMID: 27816995 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2858-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
cAMP response element-binding (CREB) protein is a cellular transcription factor that mediates responses to different physiological and pathological signals. Using a model of human neuronal cells we demonstrate herein, that CREB is phosphorylated after oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. This phosphorylation is largely independent of PKA and of the canonical phosphoacceptor site at ser-133, and is accompanied by an upregulation of CREB expression at both mRNA and protein levels. In accordance with previous data, we show that CREB upregulation promotes cell survival and that its silencing results in an increment of apoptosis after oxidative stress. Interestingly, we also found that CREB promotes DNA repair after treatment with hydrogen peroxide. Using a cDNA microarray we found that CREB is responsible for the regulation of many genes involved in DNA repair and cell survival after oxidative injury. In summary, the neuroprotective effect mediated by CREB appears to follow three essential steps following oxidative injury. First, the upregulation of CREB expression that allows sufficient level of activated and phosphorylated protein is the primordial event that promotes the induction of genes of the DNA Damage Response. Then and when the DNA repair is effective, CREB induces detoxification and survival genes. This kinetics seems to be important to completely resolve oxidative-induced neuronal damages.
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12
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Non-canonical functions of cell cycle cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2016; 17:280-92. [PMID: 27033256 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The roles of cyclins and their catalytic partners, the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), as core components of the machinery that drives cell cycle progression are well established. Increasing evidence indicates that mammalian cyclins and CDKs also carry out important functions in other cellular processes, such as transcription, DNA damage repair, control of cell death, differentiation, the immune response and metabolism. Some of these non-canonical functions are performed by cyclins or CDKs, independently of their respective cell cycle partners, suggesting that there was a substantial divergence in the functions of these proteins during evolution.
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Castillo DS, Campalans A, Belluscio LM, Carcagno AL, Radicella JP, Cánepa ET, Pregi N. E2F1 and E2F2 induction in response to DNA damage preserves genomic stability in neuronal cells. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:1300-14. [PMID: 25892555 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.985031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
E2F transcription factors regulate a wide range of biological processes, including the cellular response to DNA damage. In the present study, we examined whether E2F family members are transcriptionally induced following treatment with several genotoxic agents, and have a role on the cell DNA damage response. We show a novel mechanism, conserved among diverse species, in which E2F1 and E2F2, the latter specifically in neuronal cells, are transcriptionally induced after DNA damage. This upregulation leads to increased E2F1 and E2F2 protein levels as a consequence of de novo protein synthesis. Ectopic expression of these E2Fs in neuronal cells reduces the level of DNA damage following genotoxic treatment, while ablation of E2F1 and E2F2 leads to the accumulation of DNA lesions and increased apoptotic response. Cell viability and DNA repair capability in response to DNA damage induction are also reduced by the E2F1 and E2F2 deficiencies. Finally, E2F1 and E2F2 accumulate at sites of oxidative and UV-induced DNA damage, and interact with γH2AX DNA repair factor. As previously reported for E2F1, E2F2 promotes Rad51 foci formation, interacts with GCN5 acetyltransferase and induces histone acetylation following genotoxic insult. The results presented here unveil a new mechanism involving E2F1 and E2F2 in the maintenance of genomic stability in response to DNA damage in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S Castillo
- a Laboratorio de Biología Molecular; Departamento de Química Biológica; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales ; Universidad de Buenos Aires ; Ciudad de Buenos Aires , Argentina
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Poppy Roworth A, Ghari F, La Thangue NB. To live or let die - complexity within the E2F1 pathway. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 2:e970480. [PMID: 27308406 PMCID: PMC4905241 DOI: 10.4161/23723548.2014.970480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The E2F1 transcription factor is a recognized regulator of the cell cycle as well as a potent mediator of DNA damage-induced apoptosis and the checkpoint response. Understanding the diverse and seemingly dichotomous functions of E2F1 activity has been the focus of extensive ongoing research. Although the E2F pathway is frequently deregulated in cancer, the contributions of E2F1 itself to tumorigenesis, as a promoter of proliferation or cell death, are far from understood. In this review we aim to provide an update on our current understanding of E2F1, with particular insight into its novel interaction partners and post-translational modifications, as a means to explaining its diverse functional complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Poppy Roworth
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Department of Oncology; University of Oxford; Oxford, UK
| | - Fatemeh Ghari
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Department of Oncology; University of Oxford; Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas B La Thangue
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Department of Oncology; University of Oxford; Oxford, UK
- Correspondence to: Nicholas B La Thangue;
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Sonzogni SV, Ogara MF, Castillo DS, Sirkin PF, Radicella JP, Cánepa ET. Nuclear translocation of p19INK4d in response to oxidative DNA damage promotes chromatin relaxation. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 398:63-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Dreidax D, Bannert S, Henrich KO, Schröder C, Bender S, Oakes CC, Lindner S, Schulte JH, Duffy D, Schwarzl T, Saadati M, Ehemann V, Benner A, Pfister S, Fischer M, Westermann F. p19-INK4d inhibits neuroblastoma cell growth, induces differentiation and is hypermethylated and downregulated in MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6826-37. [PMID: 25104850 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled cell cycle entry, resulting from deregulated CDK-RB1-E2F pathway activity, is a crucial determinant of neuroblastoma cell malignancy. Here we identify neuroblastoma-suppressive functions of the p19-INK4d CDK inhibitor and uncover mechanisms of its repression in high-risk neuroblastomas. Reduced p19-INK4d expression was associated with poor event-free and overall survival and neuroblastoma risk factors including amplified MYCN in a set of 478 primary neuroblastomas. High MYCN expression repressed p19-INK4d mRNA and protein levels in different neuroblastoma cell models with conditional MYCN expression. MassARRAY and 450K methylation analyses of 105 primary neuroblastomas uncovered a differentially methylated region within p19-INK4d. Hypermethylation of this region was associated with reduced p19-INK4d expression. In accordance, p19-INK4d expression was activated upon treatment with the demethylating agent, 2'-deoxy-5-azacytidine, in neuroblastoma cell lines. Ectopic p19-INK4d expression decreased viability, clonogenicity and the capacity for anchorage-independent growth of neuroblastoma cells, and shifted the cell cycle towards the G1/0 phase. p19-INK4d also induced neurite-like processes and markers of neuronal differentiation. Moreover, neuroblastoma cell differentiation, induced by all-trans retinoic acid or NGF-NTRK1-signaling, activated p19-INK4d expression. Our findings pinpoint p19-INK4d as a neuroblastoma suppressor and provide evidence for MYCN-mediated repression and for epigenetic silencing of p19-INK4d by DNA hypermethylation in high-risk neuroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sven Lindner
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - David Duffy
- Systems Biology Ireland, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Schwarzl
- Systems Biology Ireland, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maral Saadati
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Ehemann
- Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany and
| | - Axel Benner
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Children's Hospital, Cologne, Germany
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Núñez C, Oliveira E, García-Pardo J, Diniz M, Lorenzo J, Capelo JL, Lodeiro C. A novel quinoline molecular probe and the derived functionalized gold nanoparticles: Sensing properties and cytotoxicity studies in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 137:115-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Differential response of normal and malignant urothelial cells to CHK1 and ATM inhibitors. Oncogene 2014; 34:2887-96. [PMID: 25043304 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
While DNA damage response pathways are well characterized in cancer cells, much less is known about their status in normal cells. These pathways protect tumour cells from DNA damage and replication stress and consequently present potential therapeutic targets. Here we characterize the response of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-immortalized normal human urothelial (NHU) and bladder cancer cell lines to agents that disrupt the DNA damage response. Effects of replication and DNA damage response inhibitors on cell cycle progression, checkpoint induction and apoptosis were analysed in hTERT-NHU and bladder cancer cell lines. The primary signalling cascade responding to replication stress in malignant cells (ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and Rad3-related-checkpoint kinase 1 (ATR-CHK1)) is not activated in hTERT-NHU cells after treatment with a replication inhibitor and these cells do not depend upon CHK1 for protection from apoptosis during replication stress. Instead, ATM signalling is rapidly activated under these conditions. Intriguingly, an ATM inhibitor suppressed S-phase checkpoint activation after exposure to replication inhibitors and stopped entry of cells into S-phase indicating G1 checkpoint activation. Consistent with this, hTERT-NHU cells treated with the ATM inhibitor showed increased levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p19(INK4D), reduced levels of cyclin D1 and CDK4, and reduced phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein. In contrast, a bladder cancer cell line cotreated with ATM and replication inhibitors progressed more slowly through S phase and showed a marked increase in apoptosis. Taken together, our findings suggest that ATM and CHK1 signalling cascades have different roles in tumour and normal epithelial cells, confirming these as promising therapeutic targets.
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Ogara MF, Belluscio LM, de la Fuente V, Berardino BG, Sonzogni SV, Byk L, Marazita M, Cánepa ET. CDK5-mediated phosphorylation of p19INK4d avoids DNA damage-induced neurodegeneration in mouse hippocampus and prevents loss of cognitive functions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1309-24. [PMID: 24703879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage, which perturbs genomic stability, has been linked to cognitive decline in the aging human brain, and mutations in DNA repair genes have neurological implications. Several studies have suggested that DNA damage is also increased in brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the precise mechanisms connecting DNA damage with neurodegeneration remain poorly understood. CDK5, a critical enzyme in the development of the central nervous system, phosphorylates a number of synaptic proteins and regulates dendritic spine morphogenesis, synaptic plasticity and learning. In addition to these physiological roles, CDK5 has been involved in the neuronal death initiated by DNA damage. We hypothesized that p19INK4d, a member of the cell cycle inhibitor family INK4, is involved in a neuroprotective mechanism activated in response to DNA damage. We found that in response to genotoxic injury or increased levels of intracellular calcium, p19INK4d is transcriptionally induced and phosphorylated by CDK5 which provides it with greater stability in postmitotic neurons. p19INK4d expression improves DNA repair, decreases apoptosis and increases neuronal survival under conditions of genotoxic stress. Our in vivo experiments showed that decreased levels of p19INK4d rendered hippocampal neurons more sensitive to genotoxic insult resulting in the loss of cognitive abilities that rely on the integrity of this brain structure. We propose a feedback mechanism by which the neurotoxic effects of CDK5-p25 activated by genotoxic stress or abnormal intracellular calcium levels are counteracted by the induction and stabilization of p19INK4d protein reducing the adverse consequences on brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Ogara
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II piso 4, 1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura M Belluscio
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II piso 4, 1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica de la Fuente
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Memoria, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II piso 4, 1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruno G Berardino
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II piso 4, 1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina V Sonzogni
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II piso 4, 1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Byk
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II piso 4, 1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Marazita
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II piso 4, 1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo T Cánepa
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II piso 4, 1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Kannan K, Coarfa C, Rajapakshe K, Hawkins SM, Matzuk MM, Milosavljevic A, Yen L. CDKN2D-WDFY2 is a cancer-specific fusion gene recurrent in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004216. [PMID: 24675677 PMCID: PMC3967933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death in women. Almost 70% of ovarian cancer deaths are due to the high-grade serous subtype, which is typically detected only after it has metastasized. Characterization of high-grade serous cancer is further complicated by the significant heterogeneity and genome instability displayed by this cancer. Other than mutations in TP53, which is common to many cancers, highly recurrent recombinant events specific to this cancer have yet to be identified. Using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing of seven patient samples combined with experimental validation at DNA, RNA and protein levels, we identified a cancer-specific and inter-chromosomal fusion gene CDKN2D-WDFY2 that occurs at a frequency of 20% among sixty high-grade serous cancer samples but is absent in non-cancerous ovary and fallopian tube samples. This is the most frequent recombinant event identified so far in high-grade serous cancer implying a major cellular lineage in this highly heterogeneous cancer. In addition, the same fusion transcript was also detected in OV-90, an established high-grade serous type cell line. The genomic breakpoint was identified in intron 1 of CDKN2D and intron 2 of WDFY2 in patient tumor, providing direct evidence that this is a fusion gene. The parental gene, CDKN2D, is a cell-cycle modulator that is also involved in DNA repair, while WDFY2 is known to modulate AKT interactions with its substrates. Transfection of cloned fusion construct led to loss of wildtype CDKN2D and wildtype WDFY2 protein expression, and a gain of a short WDFY2 protein isoform that is presumably under the control of the CDKN2D promoter. The expression of short WDFY2 protein in transfected cells appears to alter the PI3K/AKT pathway that is known to play a role in oncogenesis. CDKN2D-WDFY2 fusion could be an important molecular signature for understanding and classifying sub-lineages among heterogeneous high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. High-grade serous carcinoma (HG-SC) is the most common subtype of ovarian cancer observed in women. This subtype of ovarian cancer is typically detected at advanced stages due to lack of effective early screening tools. Recurrent cancer-specific gene fusions resulting from chromosomal translocations have the potential to serve as effective screening tools as well as therapeutic targets. Here we identified CDKN2D-WDFY2 as a cancer-specific fusion gene present in 20% of HG-SC tumors, by far the most frequent gene recombinant event found in this highly heterogeneous disease. We also presented evidence that the expression of this fusion may affect the PI3K/AKT pathway that is important for cancer progression. Thus CDKN2D-WDFY2 could very well represent a major cellular lineage important for detecting and classifying heterogeneous ovarian carcinomas, and could provide insight into the underlying mechanism of this deadly disease. This is critical, given that ovarian cancer kills 140,200 women worldwide each year, and few ovarian cancer-specific molecular alterations are currently available for targeting and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Kannan
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shannon M. Hawkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Martin M. Matzuk
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aleksandar Milosavljevic
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Laising Yen
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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p19INK4d is involved in the cellular senescence mechanism contributing to heterochromatin formation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2171-83. [PMID: 24667034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During evolution, organisms with renewable tissues have developed mechanisms to prevent tumorigenesis, including cellular senescence and apoptosis. Cellular senescence is characterized by a permanent cell cycle arrest triggered by both endogenous stress and exogenous stress. The p19INK4d, a member of the family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (INK4), plays an important role on cell cycle regulation and in the cellular DNA damage response. We hypothesize that p19INK4d is a potential factor involved in the onset and/or maintenance of the senescent state. METHODS Senescence was confirmed by measuring the cell cycle arrest and the senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Changes in p19INK4d expression and localization during senescence were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Chromatin condensation was measured by microccocal nuclease digestion and histone salt extraction. RESULTS The data presented here show for the first time that p19INK4d expression is up-regulated by different types of senescence. Changes in senescence-associated hallmarks were driven by modulation of p19 expression indicating a direct link between p19INK4d induction and the establishment of cellular senescence. Following a senescence stimulus, p19INK4d translocates to the nucleus and tightly associates with chromatin. Moreover, reduced levels of p19INK4d impair senescence-related global genomic heterochromatinization. Analysis of p19INK4d mRNA and protein levels in tissues from differently aged mice revealed an up-regulation of p19INK4d that correlates with age. CONCLUSION We propose that p19INK4d participates in the cellular mechanisms that trigger senescence by contributing to chromatin compaction. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides novel insights into the dynamics process of cellular senescence, a central tumor suppressive mechanism.
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Felisiak-Golabek A, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Rzepecka IK, Szafron L, Kwiatkowska E, Konopka B, Podgorska A, Rembiszewska A, Kupryjanczyk J. p19(INK4d) mRNA and protein expression as new prognostic factors in ovarian cancer patients. Cancer Biol Ther 2013; 14:973-81. [PMID: 24022213 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.25966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
p19(INK4d) (CDKN2D) is a negative regulator of the cell cycle. Little is known of its role in cancer development and prognosis. We aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of p19(INK4d) expression in ovarian carcinomas with respect to the TP53 accumulation status, as well as the frequency of CDKN2D mutations. p19(INK4d) and TP53 expression was evaluated immunohistochemically in 445 ovarian carcinomas: 246 patients were treated with platinum-cyclophosphamide (PC/PAC), while 199 were treated with taxane-platinum agents (TP). CDKN2D gene expression (mRNA) was examined in 106 carcinomas, while CDKN2D mutations in 68 tumors. Uni- and multivariate statistical analyses (logistic regression and the Cox proportional hazards model) were performed for patient groups divided according to the chemotherapeutic regimen administered, and in subgroups with and without TP53 accumulation. High p19(INK4d) expression increased the risk of death, but only in patients with the TP53-negative carcinomas (HR 1.61, P = 0.049 for PC/PAC-treated patients, HR 2.00, P = 0.015 for TP-treated patients). This result was confirmed by the mRNA analysis (HR 4.24, P = 0.001 for TP-treated group). High p19(INK4d) protein expression associated with adverse clinicopathological factors. We found no alterations in the CDKN2D gene; the c.90C>G (p.R30R; rs1968445) polymorphism was detected in 10% of tumors. Our results suggest that p19(INK4d) expression is a poor prognostic factor in ovarian cancer patients. Analyses of tumor groups according to the TP53 accumulation status facilitate the identification of cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Felisiak-Golabek
- Department of Pathology; The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology; Warsaw, Poland
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23
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A network of transcription factors operates during early tooth morphogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:3099-112. [PMID: 23754753 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00524-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the knowledge of disease-causing genes is a unique challenge in human health. Although it is known that genes causing similar diseases tend to lie close to one another in a network of protein-protein or functional interactions, the identification of these protein-protein networks is difficult to unravel. Here, we show that Msx1, Snail, Lhx6, Lhx8, Sp3, and Lef1 interact in vitro and in vivo, revealing the existence of a novel context-specific protein network. These proteins are all expressed in the neural crest-derived dental mesenchyme and cause tooth agenesis disorder when mutated in mouse and/or human. We also identified an in vivo direct target for Msx1 function, the cyclin D-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p19(ink4d), whose transcription is differentially modulated by the protein network. Considering the important role of p19(ink4d) as a cell cycle regulator, these results provide evidence for the first time of the unique plasticity of the Msx1-dependent network of proteins in conferring differential transcriptional output and in controlling the cell cycle through the regulation of a cyclin D-dependent kinase inhibitor. Collectively, these data reveal a novel protein network operating in the neural crest-derived dental mesenchyme that is relevant for many other areas of developmental and evolutionary biology.
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Ogara MF, Sirkin PF, Carcagno AL, Marazita MC, Sonzogni SV, Ceruti JM, Cánepa ET. Chromatin relaxation-mediated induction of p19INK4d increases the ability of cells to repair damaged DNA. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61143. [PMID: 23593412 PMCID: PMC3625165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of genomic integrity is of main importance to the survival and health of organisms which are continuously exposed to genotoxic stress. Cells respond to DNA damage by activating survival pathways consisting of cell cycle checkpoints and repair mechanisms. However, the signal that triggers the DNA damage response is not necessarily a direct detection of the primary DNA lesion. In fact, chromatin defects may serve as initiating signals to activate those mechanisms. If the modulation of chromatin structure could initiate a checkpoint response in a direct manner, this supposes the existence of specific chromatin sensors. p19INK4d, a member of the INK4 cell cycle inhibitors, plays a crucial role in regulating genomic stability and cell viability by enhancing DNA repair. Its expression is induced in cells injured by one of several genotoxic treatments like cis-platin, UV light or neocarzinostatin. Nevertheless, when exogenous DNA damaged molecules are introduced into the cell, this induction is not observed. Here, we show that p19INK4d is enhanced after chromatin relaxation even in the absence of DNA damage. This induction was shown to depend upon ATM/ATR, Chk1/Chk2 and E2F activity, as is the case of p19INK4d induction by endogenous DNA damage. Interestingly, p19INK4d improves DNA repair when the genotoxic damage is caused in a relaxed-chromatin context. These results suggest that changes in chromatin structure, and not DNA damage itself, is the actual trigger of p19INK4d induction. We propose that, in addition to its role as a cell cycle inhibitor, p19INK4d could participate in a signaling network directed to detecting and eventually responding to chromatin anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F. Ogara
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo F. Sirkin
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Abel L. Carcagno
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela C. Marazita
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina V. Sonzogni
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta M. Ceruti
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo T. Cánepa
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Selim ME, Hendi AA. Gold Nanoparticles Induce Apoptosis in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:1617-20. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.4.1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Nair-Shalliker V, Fenech M, Forder PM, Clements MS, Armstrong BK. Sunlight and vitamin D affect DNA damage, cell division and cell death in human lymphocytes: a cross-sectional study in South Australia. Mutagenesis 2012; 27:609-14. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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CDK2 and PKA mediated-sequential phosphorylation is critical for p19INK4d function in the DNA damage response. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35638. [PMID: 22558186 PMCID: PMC3338453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage triggers a phosphorylation-based signaling cascade known as the DNA damage response. p19INK4d, a member of the INK4 family of CDK4/6 inhibitors, has been reported to participate in the DNA damage response promoting DNA repair and cell survival. Here, we provide mechanistic insight into the activation mechanism of p19INK4d linked to the response to DNA damage. Results showed that p19INK4d becomes phosphorylated following UV radiation, β-amyloid peptide and cisplatin treatments. ATM-Chk2/ATR-Chk1 signaling pathways were found to be differentially involved in p19INK4d phosphorylation depending on the type of DNA damage. Two sequential phosphorylation events at serine 76 and threonine 141 were identified using p19INK4d single-point mutants in metabolic labeling assays with 32P-orthophosphate. CDK2 and PKA were found to participate in p19INK4d phosphorylation process and that they would mediate serine 76 and threonine 141 modifications respectively. Nuclear translocation of p19INK4d induced by DNA damage was shown to be dependent on serine 76 phosphorylation. Most importantly, both phosphorylation sites were found to be crucial for p19INK4d function in DNA repair and cell survival. In contrast, serine 76 and threonine 141 were dispensable for CDK4/6 inhibition highlighting the independence of p19INK4d functions, in agreement with our previous findings. These results constitute the first description of the activation mechanism of p19INK4d in response to genotoxic stress and demonstrate the functional relevance of this activation following DNA damage.
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E2F1 induces p19INK4d, a protein involved in the DNA damage response, following UV irradiation. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 366:123-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Nair-Shalliker V, Armstrong BK, Fenech M. Does vitamin D protect against DNA damage? Mutat Res 2012; 733:50-7. [PMID: 22366026 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a secosteroid best known for its role in maintaining bone and muscle health. Adequate levels of vitamin D may also be beneficial in maintaining DNA integrity. This role of vitamin D can be divided into a primary function that prevents damage from DNA and a secondary function that regulates the growth rate of cells. The potential for vitamin D to reduce oxidative damage to DNA in a human has been suggested by clinical trial where vitamin D supplementation reduced 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative damage, in colorectal epithelial crypt cells. Studies in animal models and in different cell types have also shown marked reduction in oxidative stress damage and chromosomal aberrations, prevention of telomere shortening and inhibition of telomerase activity following treatment with vitamin D. The secondary function of vitamin D in preventing DNA damage includes regulation of the poly-ADP-ribose polymerase activity in the DNA damage response pathway involved in the detection of DNA lesions. It is also able to regulate the cell cycle to prevent the propagation of damaged DNA, and to regulate apoptosis to promote cell death. Vitamin D may contribute to prevention of human colorectal cancer, though there is little evidence to suggest that prevention of DNA damage mediates this effect, if real. Very limited human data mean that the intake of vitamin D required to minimise DNA damage remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visalini Nair-Shalliker
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Unit, Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Carcagno AL, Marazita MC, Ogara MF, Ceruti JM, Sonzogni SV, Scassa ME, Giono LE, Cánepa ET. E2F1-mediated upregulation of p19INK4d determines its periodic expression during cell cycle and regulates cellular proliferation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21938. [PMID: 21765927 PMCID: PMC3135596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A central aspect of development and disease is the control of cell proliferation through regulation of the mitotic cycle. Cell cycle progression and directionality requires an appropriate balance of positive and negative regulators whose expression must fluctuate in a coordinated manner. p19INK4d, a member of the INK4 family of CDK inhibitors, has a unique feature that distinguishes it from the remaining INK4 and makes it a likely candidate for contributing to the directionality of the cell cycle. p19INK4d mRNA and protein levels accumulate periodically during the cell cycle under normal conditions, a feature reminiscent of cyclins. Methodology/Principal Findings In this paper, we demonstrate that p19INK4d is transcriptionally regulated by E2F1 through two response elements present in the p19INK4d promoter. Ablation of this regulation reduced p19 levels and restricted its expression during the cell cycle, reflecting the contribution of a transcriptional effect of E2F1 on p19 periodicity. The induction of p19INK4d is delayed during the cell cycle compared to that of cyclin E, temporally separating the induction of these proliferative and antiproliferative target genes. Specific inhibition of the E2F1-p19INK4d pathway using triplex-forming oligonucleotides that block E2F1 binding on p19 promoter, stimulated cell proliferation and increased the fraction of cells in S phase. Conclusions/Significance The results described here support a model of normal cell cycle progression in which, following phosphorylation of pRb, free E2F induces cyclin E, among other target genes. Once cyclinE/CDK2 takes over as the cell cycle driving kinase activity, the induction of p19 mediated by E2F1 leads to inhibition of the CDK4,6-containing complexes, bringing the G1 phase to an end. This regulatory mechanism constitutes a new negative feedback loop that terminates the G1 phase proliferative signal, contributing to the proper coordination of the cell cycle and provides an additional mechanism to limit E2F activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel L. Carcagno
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela C. Marazita
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F. Ogara
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta M. Ceruti
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina V. Sonzogni
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E. Scassa
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana E. Giono
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo T. Cánepa
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Brewster CD, Birkenheuer CH, Vogt MB, Quackenbush SL, Rovnak J. The retroviral cyclin of walleye dermal sarcoma virus binds cyclin-dependent kinases 3 and 8. Virology 2010; 409:299-307. [PMID: 21067790 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Walleye dermal sarcoma virus encodes a retroviral cyclin (rv-cyclin) with a cyclin box fold and transcription activation domain (AD). Co-immune precipitation (co-IP) identified an association of rv-cyclin with cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (cdk8). Cdk8 is dependent upon cyclin C and regulates transcription with the Mediator complex, a co-activator of transcription. Mutation of cyclin residues, required for cdk binding, disrupts rv-cyclin-cdk8 co-IP. Mutation or removal of the AD has no effect on cdk8 interaction. Direct rv-cyclin-cdk8 binding is demonstrated by pulldown of active cdk8 and by GST-rv-cyclin binding to recombinant cdk8. Cdk3 is also activated by cyclin C and phosphorylates retinoblastoma protein to initiate entry into the cell division cycle. Co-IP and pulldowns demonstrate direct rv-cyclin binding to cdk3 as well. The rv-cyclin functions as a structural ortholog of cyclin C in spite of its limited amino acid sequence identity with C cyclins or with any known cyclins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie D Brewster
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, 1619 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Tsai TL, Shieh DB, Yeh CS, Tzeng Y, Htet K, Chuang KS, Hwu JR, Su WC. The down regulation of target genes by photo activated DNA nanoscissors. Biomaterials 2010; 31:6545-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Löw C, Homeyer N, Weininger U, Sticht H, Balbach J. Conformational switch upon phosphorylation: human CDK inhibitor p19INK4d between the native and partially folded state. ACS Chem Biol 2009; 4:53-63. [PMID: 19063602 DOI: 10.1021/cb800219m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
P19INK4d consists of five ankyrin repeats and controls the human cell cycle by inhibiting the cyclin D-dependent kinases 4 and 6. Posttranslational phosphorylation of p19INK4d has been described for Ser66 and Ser76. In the present study we show that mimicking the phosphorylation site of p19INK4d by a glutamate substitution at position 76 dramatically decreases the stability of the native but not an intermediate state. At body temperature the native conformation is completely lost and p19INK4d molecules exhibit the intermediate state as judged by kinetic and equilibrium analysis. High resolution NMR spectroscopy verified that the three C-terminal repeats remained folded in the intermediate state, whereas all cross-peaks of the two N-terminal repeats lost their native chemical shift. Molecular dynamic simulations of p19INK4d in different phosphorylation states revealed large-scale motions in phosphorylated p19INK4d, which cause destabilization of the interface between the second and third ankyrin repeat. Only doubly phosphorylated p19INK4d mimic mutants showed in vitro an increased accessibility for ubiquitination, which might be the signal for degradation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Löw
- Institut für Physik, Biophysik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nadine Homeyer
- Abteilung Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Weininger
- Institut für Physik, Biophysik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Abteilung Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Balbach
- Institut für Physik, Biophysik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Mitteldeutsches Zentrum für Struktur and Dynamik der Proteine (MZP), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
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Ceruti JM, Scassa ME, Marazita MC, Carcagno AC, Sirkin PF, Cánepa ET. Transcriptional upregulation of p19INK4d upon diverse genotoxic stress is critical for optimal DNA damage response. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 41:1344-53. [PMID: 19130897 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Revised: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
p19INK4d promotes survival of several cell lines after UV irradiation due to enhanced DNA repair, independently of CDK4 inhibition. To further understand the action of p19INK4d in the cellular response to DNA damage, we aimed to elucidate whether this novel regulator plays a role only in mechanisms triggered by UV or participates in diverse mechanisms initiated by different genotoxics. We found that p19INK4d is induced in cells injured with cisplatin or beta-amyloid peptide as robustly as with UV. The mentioned genotoxics transcriptionally activate p19INK4d expression as demonstrated by run-on assay without influencing its mRNA stability and with partial requirement of protein synthesis. It is not currently known whether DNA damage-inducible genes are turned on by the DNA damage itself or by the consequences of that damage. Experiments carried out in cells transfected with distinct damaged DNA structures revealed that the damage itself is not responsible for the observed up-regulation. It is also not known whether the increased expression of DNA-damage-inducible genes is related to immediate protective responses such as DNA repair or to more delayed responses such as cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. We found that ectopic expression of p19INK4d improves DNA repair ability and protects neuroblastoma cells from apoptosis caused by cisplatin or beta-amyloid peptide. Using clonal cell lines where p19INK4d levels can be modified at will, we show that p19INK4d expression correlates with increased survival and clonogenicity. The results presented here, prompted us to suggest that p19INK4d displays an important role in an early stage of cellular DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta M Ceruti
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón II Piso 4, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Forget A, Ayrault O, den Besten W, Kuo ML, Sherr CJ, Roussel MF. Differential post-transcriptional regulation of two Ink4 proteins, p18 Ink4c and p19 Ink4d. Cell Cycle 2008; 7:3737-46. [PMID: 19029828 DOI: 10.4161/cc.7.23.7187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin(-D-)-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitors of the Ink4 family specifically bind to Cdk4 and Cdk6, but not to other Cdks. Ink4c and Ink4d mRNAs are maximally and periodically expressed during the G(2)/M phase of the cell division cycle, but the abundance of their encoded proteins is regulated through distinct mechanisms. Both proteins undergo polyubiquitination, but the half life of p18(Ink4c) (approximately 10 hours) is much longer than that of p19(Ink4d) (approximately 2.5 hours). Lysines 46 and 112 are preferred sites of ubiquitin conjugation in p18(Ink4c), although substitution of these and other lysine residues with arginine, particularly in combination, triggers protein misfolding and accelerates p18(Ink4c) degradation. When tethered to either catalytically active or inactive Cdk4 or Cdk6, polyubiquitination of p18(Ink4c) is inhibited, and the protein is further stabilized. Conversely, in competing with p18(Ink4c) for binding to Cdks, cyclin D1 accelerates p18(Ink4c) turnover. In direct contrast, polyubiquitination of p19(Ink4d) is induced by its association with Cdks, whereas cyclin D1 overexpression retards p19(Ink4d) degradation. Although it has been generally assumed that p18(Ink4c) and p19(Ink4d) are biochemically similar Cdk inhibitors, the major differences in their stability and turnover are likely key to understanding their distinct biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Forget
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology and Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Ujvarosi K, Hunyadi J, Nagy G, Pocsi I, Banfalvi G. Preapoptotic chromatin changes induced by ultraviolet B irradiation in human erythroleukemia K562 cells. Apoptosis 2007; 12:2089-99. [PMID: 17701356 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-007-0118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Exponentially growing human erythroleukemia K562 cells were permeabilized and the dose dependent decrease of DNA synthesis rate was measured after ultraviolet (UV B, 290 nm) irradiation. Cells were able to overcome 2 and 5 J/m2 UV doses, partial recovery was observed at 15 J/m2, while at high (25 J/m2) UV dose replicative DNA synthesis remained suppressed. K562 cells were subjected to synchronization prior to and after UV irradiation (24 J/m2) and 18 fractions were collected by centrifugal elutriation. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry did not show early apoptotic cells after UV irradiation. The gradual increase in DNA content typical for non-irradiated cells was contrasted by an early S phase block between 2.2 and 2.4 C-values after UV irradiation. Cell cycle dependent chromatin changes after ultraviolet irradiation were seen as a fine fibrillary network covering the mainly fibrous chromatin structures and incompletely folded primitive chromosomes. Based on observations after UV irradiation and on earlier results with cadmium treatment and gamma irradiation, we confirm that typical chromatin changes characteristic to genotoxic agents can be recognized and classified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Ujvarosi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, Debrecen 4010, Hungary
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Löw C, Weininger U, Zeeb M, Zhang W, Laue ED, Schmid FX, Balbach J. Folding mechanism of an ankyrin repeat protein: scaffold and active site formation of human CDK inhibitor p19(INK4d). J Mol Biol 2007; 373:219-31. [PMID: 17804013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2007] [Revised: 07/22/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The p19(INK4d) protein consists of five ankyrin repeats (ANK) and controls the human cell cycle by inhibiting the cyclin D-dependent kinases (CDK) 4 and 6. We investigated the folding of p19(INK4d) by urea-induced unfolding transitions, kinetic analyses of unfolding and refolding, including double-mixing experiments and a special assay for folding intermediates. Folding is a sequential two-step reaction via a hyperfluorescent on-pathway intermediate. This intermediate is present under all conditions, during unfolding, refolding and at equilibrium. The folding mechanism was confirmed by a quantitative global fit of a consistent set of equilibrium and kinetic data revealing the thermodynamics and intrinsic folding rates of the different states. Surprisingly, the N<-->I transition is much faster compared to the I<-->U transition. The urea-dependence of the intrinsic folding rates causes population of the intermediate at equilibrium close to the transition midpoint. NMR detected hydrogen/deuterium exchange and the analysis of truncated variants showed that the C-terminal repeats ANK3-5 are already folded in the on-pathway intermediate, whereas the N-terminal repeats 1 and 2 are not folded. We suggest that during refolding, repeats ANK3-ANK5 first form the scaffold for the subsequent assembly of repeats ANK1 and ANK2. The binding function of p19(INK4d) resides in the latter repeats. We propose that the graded stability and the facile unfolding of repeats 1 and 2 is a prerequisite for the down-regulation of the inhibitory activity of p19(INK4d) during the cell-cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Löw
- Institut für Physik, Biophysik, and Mitteldeutsches Zentrum für Struktur und Dynamik der Proteine (MZP), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle(Saale), Germany
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Scassa ME, Marazita MC, Ceruti JM, Carcagno AL, Sirkin PF, González-Cid M, Pignataro OP, Cánepa ET. Cell cycle inhibitor, p19INK4d, promotes cell survival and decreases chromosomal aberrations after genotoxic insult due to enhanced DNA repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2007; 6:626-38. [PMID: 17218167 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Revised: 11/28/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genome integrity and cell proliferation and survival are regulated by an intricate network of pathways that includes cell cycle checkpoints, DNA repair and recombination, and programmed cell death. It makes sense that there should be a coordinated regulation of these different processes, but the components of such mechanisms remain unknown. In this report, we demonstrate that p19INK4d expression enhances cell survival under genotoxic conditions. By using p19INK4d-overexpressing clones, we demonstrated that p19INK4d expression correlates with the cellular resistance to UV treatment with increased DNA repair activity against UV-induced lesions. On the contrary, cells transfected with p19INK4d antisense cDNA show reduced ability to repair DNA damage and increased sensitivity to genotoxic insult when compared with their p19INK4d-overexpressing counterparts. Consistent with these findings, our studies also show that p19INK4d-overexpressing cells present not only a minor accumulation of UV-induced chromosomal aberrations but a lower frequency of spontaneous chromosome abnormalities than p19INK4d-antisense cells. Lastly, we suggest that p19INK4d effects are dissociated from its role as CDK4/6 inhibitor. The results presented herein support a crucial role for p19INK4d in regulating genomic stability and overall cell viability under conditions of genotoxic stress. We propose that p19INK4d would belong to a protein network that would integrate DNA repair, apoptotic and checkpoint mechanisms in order to maintain the genomic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Scassa
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Tavera-Mendoza L, Wang TT, Lallemant B, Zhang R, Nagai Y, Bourdeau V, Ramirez-Calderon M, Desbarats J, Mader S, White JH. Convergence of vitamin D and retinoic acid signalling at a common hormone response element. EMBO Rep 2006; 7:180-5. [PMID: 16322758 PMCID: PMC1369248 DOI: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2005] [Revised: 10/25/2005] [Accepted: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Although 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) and retinoic acid (RA) have distinct developmental and physiological roles, both regulate the cell cycle. We provide molecular and genomic evidence that their cognate nuclear receptors regulate common genes through everted repeat TGA(C/T)TPyN8PuG(G/T)TCA (ER8) response elements. ER8 motifs were found in the promoters of several target genes of 1,25D3 and/or RA. Notably, an element was characterized in the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p19ink4d gene, and 1,25D3- or RA-induced p19INK4D) expression. P19ink4d knockdown together with depletion of p27kip1, another CDK inhibitor regulated by 1,25D3 and RA, rendered cells resistant to ligand-induced growth arrest. Remarkably, p19INK4D-deficient cells showed increased autophagic cell death, which was markedly enhanced by 1,25D3, but not RA, and attenuated by loss of p27KIP1. These results show a limited crosstalk between 1,25D3 and RA signalling by means of overlapping nuclear receptor DNA binding specificities, and uncover a role for p19INK4D in control of cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Tavera-Mendoza
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3655 Drummond St, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Drummond St, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Benjamin Lallemant
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Drummond St, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Drummond St, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Yoshihiko Nagai
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3655 Drummond St, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, McGill University, 740 Ave. Dr. Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Véronique Bourdeau
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Drummond St, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Mario Ramirez-Calderon
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Drummond St, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Julie Desbarats
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Drummond St, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Sylvie Mader
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Drummond St, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - John H White
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3655 Drummond St, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Drummond St, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
- Tel: +1 514 398 8498; Fax: +1 514 398 7452; E-mail:
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Wang Y, Li G. ING3 promotes UV-induced apoptosis via Fas/caspase-8 pathway in melanoma cells. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:11887-93. [PMID: 16520380 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m511309200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel ING tumor-suppressor family proteins (ING1-5) have been discovered during the past decade and are recognized as the regulators of transcription, cell cycle checkpoints, DNA repair, apoptosis, cellular senescence, angiogenesis, and nuclear phosphoinositide signaling. ING proteins contain a few conserved domains, including plant homeodomain motif, nuclear localization signal, and potential chromatin regulatory domain, suggesting that the ING family proteins may share common biological functions. ING3 has been shown to modulate p53-mediated transcription, cell cycle control, and apoptosis, possibly by modulating the NuA4 complex histone acetyltransferase activity. Because ING1b and ING2 have been shown to be involved in cellular stress responses such as nucleotide excision repair and apoptosis after UV irradiation, we investigated whether ING3 also mediated UV-induced apoptosis. We found that ING3 expression was rapidly induced by UV irradiation at both mRNA and protein levels. Using the stable clones of melanoma cells overexpressing ING3, we showed that overexpression of ING3 significantly promoted UV-induced apoptosis. Unlike its homologues ING1b and ING2, ING3-increased apoptosis was independent of functional p53. Furthermore, ING3 did not affect the expression of mitochondrial proteins but increased the cleavage of Bid and caspases-8, -9, and -3. Moreover, ING3-mediated apoptosis was blocked by inhibition of caspase-8 or Fas activation. In addition, ING3 up-regulated Fas expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Knock down of ING3 decreased UV-induced apoptosis remarkably. These data indicate that ING3 plays an important role in cellular response to UV irradiation by enhancing UV-induced apoptosis through the activation of Fas/caspase-8 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemin Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Jack Bell Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada
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