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Tao Y, Li X, Zhang Y, He L, Lu Q, Wang Y, Pan L, Wang Z, Feng C, Xie Y, Lai Z, Li T, Tang Z, Wang Q, Wang X. TP53-related signature for predicting prognosis and tumor microenvironment characteristics in bladder cancer: A multi-omics study. Front Genet 2022; 13:1057302. [PMID: 36568387 PMCID: PMC9780475 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1057302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The tumor suppressor gene TP53 is frequently mutated or inactivated in bladder cancer (BLCA), which is implicated in the pathogenesis of tumor. However, the cellular mechanisms of TP53 mutations are complicated, yet well-defined, but their clinical prognostic value in the management of BLCA remains controversial. This study aimed to explore the role of TP53 mutation in regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME), elucidate the effects of TP53 activity on BLCA prognosis and immunotherapy response. Methods: A TP53-related signature based on TP53-induced and TP53-repressed genes was used to construct a TP53 activity-related score and classifier. The abundance of different immune cell types was determined using CIBERSORT to estimate immune cell infiltration. Moreover, the heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment between the high and low TP53 score groups was further evaluated using single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF) and imaging mass cytometry (IMC). Moreover, pathway enrichment analysis was performed to explore the differential biological functions between tumor epithelial cells with high and low TP53 activity scores. Finally, the receptor-ligand interactions between immune cells and tumor epithelial cells harboring distinct TP53 activity were analyzed by single-cell RNA-sequencing. Results: The TP53 activity-related gene signature differentiated well between TP53 functional retention and inactivation in BLCA. BLCA patients with low TP53 scores had worse survival prognosis, more TP53 mutations, higher grade, and stronger lymph node metastasis than those with high TP53 scores. Additionally, CyTOF and IMC analyses revealed that BLCA patients with low TP53 scores exhibited a potent immunosuppressive TME. Consistently, single-cell sequencing results showed that tumor epithelial cells with low TP53 scores were significantly associated with high cell proliferation and stemness abilities and strongly interacted with immunosuppressive receptor-ligand pairs. Conclusion: BLCA patients with low TP53 scores have a worse prognosis and a more immunosuppressive TME. This TP53 activity-related signature can serve as a potential prognostic signature for predicting the immune response, which may facilitate the development of new strategies for immunotherapy in BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Tao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yushan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Liangyu He
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China,Departments of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qinchen Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yaobang Wang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Lixin Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yuanliang Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China,Departments of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiyong Lai
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China,Departments of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhong Tang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China,School of Information and Management, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China,*Correspondence: Qiuyan Wang, ; Xi Wang,
| | - Xi Wang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China,*Correspondence: Qiuyan Wang, ; Xi Wang,
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Lee HW, Kim E, Cho KJ, Park HJ, Seo J, Lee H, Baek E, Choi JR, Han KH, Lee ST, Park JY. Applications of molecular barcode sequencing for the detection of low-frequency variants in circulating tumour DNA from hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2022; 42:2317-2326. [PMID: 35776657 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising tool for minimally invasive and accurate detection of various malignancies. We aimed to apply molecular barcode sequencing to circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) from liquid biopsies of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). STUDY DESIGN Patients with HCC or benign liver disease were enrolled between 2017 and 2018. Matched tissue and serum samples were obtained from these patients. Plasma cell-free DNA was extracted and subjected to targeted sequencing with ultra-high coverage and molecular barcoding. RESULTS The study included 143 patients: 102 with HCC, 7 with benign liver tumours and 34 with chronic liver disease. No tier 1/2 or oncogenic mutations were detected in patients with benign liver disease. Among the HCC patients, 49 (48%) had tier 1/2 mutations in at least one gene; detection rates were higher in advanced stages (75%) than in early stages (26%-33%). TERT was the most frequently mutated gene (30%), followed by TP53 (16%), CTNNB1 (14%), ARID2 (5%), ARID1A (4%), NFE2L2 (4%), AXIN1 (3%) and KRAS (1%). Survival among patients with TP53 mutations was significantly worse (p = 0.007) than among patients without these mutations, whereas CTNNB1 and TERT mutations did not affect survival. ctDNA testing combined with α-fetoprotein and prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II analyses improved HCC detection, even in early stages. CONCLUSIONS ctDNA detection using molecular barcoding technology offers dynamic and personalized information concerning tumour biology, such information can guide clinical diagnosis and management. This detection also has the potential as a minimally invasive approach for prognostic stratification and post-therapeutic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Esl Kim
- Department of Medical Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Joo Cho
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Jung Park
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jieun Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonah Lee
- Department of Medical Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunha Baek
- Dxome Co. Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jong Rak Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Dxome Co. Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyub Han
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Tae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Dxome Co. Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jun Yong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Awuchi CG, Ondari EN, Nwozo S, Odongo GA, Eseoghene IJ, Twinomuhwezi H, Ogbonna CU, Upadhyay AK, Adeleye AO, Okpala COR. Mycotoxins’ Toxicological Mechanisms Involving Humans, Livestock and Their Associated Health Concerns: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030167. [PMID: 35324664 PMCID: PMC8949390 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are well established toxic metabolic entities produced when fungi invade agricultural/farm produce, and this happens especially when the conditions are favourable. Exposure to mycotoxins can directly take place via the consumption of infected foods and feeds; humans can also be indirectly exposed from consuming animals fed with infected feeds. Among the hundreds of mycotoxins known to humans, around a handful have drawn the most concern because of their occurrence in food and severe effects on human health. The increasing public health importance of mycotoxins across human and livestock environments mandates the continued review of the relevant literature, especially with regard to understanding their toxicological mechanisms. In particular, our analysis of recently conducted reviews showed that the toxicological mechanisms of mycotoxins deserve additional attention to help provide enhanced understanding regarding this subject matter. For this reason, this current work reviewed the mycotoxins’ toxicological mechanisms involving humans, livestock, and their associated health concerns. In particular, we have deepened our understanding about how the mycotoxins’ toxicological mechanisms impact on the human cellular genome. Along with the significance of mycotoxin toxicities and their toxicological mechanisms, there are associated health concerns arising from exposures to these toxins, including DNA damage, kidney damage, DNA/RNA mutations, growth impairment in children, gene modifications, and immune impairment. More needs to be done to enhance the understanding regards the mechanisms underscoring the environmental implications of mycotoxins, which can be actualized via risk assessment studies into the conditions/factors facilitating mycotoxins’ toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinaza Godseill Awuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University, Bushenyi P.O. Box 20000, Uganda; (E.N.O.); (S.N.); (G.A.O.); (I.J.E.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.A.); (C.O.R.O.)
| | - Erick Nyakundi Ondari
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University, Bushenyi P.O. Box 20000, Uganda; (E.N.O.); (S.N.); (G.A.O.); (I.J.E.)
| | - Sarah Nwozo
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University, Bushenyi P.O. Box 20000, Uganda; (E.N.O.); (S.N.); (G.A.O.); (I.J.E.)
| | - Grace Akinyi Odongo
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University, Bushenyi P.O. Box 20000, Uganda; (E.N.O.); (S.N.); (G.A.O.); (I.J.E.)
| | - Ifie Josiah Eseoghene
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University, Bushenyi P.O. Box 20000, Uganda; (E.N.O.); (S.N.); (G.A.O.); (I.J.E.)
| | | | - Chukwuka U. Ogbonna
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta 110124, Ogun State, Nigeria;
| | - Anjani K. Upadhyay
- Heredity Healthcare & Lifesciences, 206-KIIT TBI, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India;
| | - Ademiku O. Adeleye
- Faith Heroic Generation, No. 36 Temidire Street, Azure 340251, Ondo State, Nigeria;
| | - Charles Odilichukwu R. Okpala
- Department of Functional Foods Product Development, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: (C.G.A.); (C.O.R.O.)
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4
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Mbaga DS, Kenmoe S, Kengne-Ndé C, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Mahamat G, Foe-Essomba JR, Amougou-Atsama M, Tchatchouang S, Nyebe I, Feudjio AF, Kame-Ngasse GI, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Fokou LKM, Meta-Djomsi D, Maïdadi-Foudi M, Touangnou-Chamda SA, Daha-Tchoffo AG, Selly-Ngaloumo AA, Nayang-Mundo RA, Yéngué JF, Taya-Fokou JB, Kenfack-Momo R, Atembeh Noura E, Demeni Emoh CP, Tazokong HR, Bowo-Ngandji A, Sake CS, Atenguena Okobalemba E, Njiki Bikoi J, Njouom R, Riwom Essama SH. Hepatitis B, C and D virus infections and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Africa: A meta-analysis including sensitivity analyses for studies comparable for confounders. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262903. [PMID: 35061846 PMCID: PMC8782350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Africa denotes unique facies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) characterized by a conjunction of low sensitization, restricted access to diagnosis and treatment and associated with the highest incidence and mortality in the world. We investigated whether hepatitis B (HBV), C (HCV) and D (VHD) viruses were etiological agents of HCC in Africa. Methods Relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, and African Journal Online databases, as well as manual searches in relevant reviews and included articles. Analytical studies from Africa evaluating the association between HCC development and HBV, HCV, and HDV were included. Relevant studies were selected, data extracted, and the risk of bias assessed independently by at least 2 investigators. The association was estimated using odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence interval (95% CI) determined by a random-effects model. Sources of heterogeneity were determined by subgroup analyses. Results A total of 36 case-control studies were included. With controls having non-hepatic disease, the overall results suggested a significantly increased risk of HCC in patients with HBV (HBeAg (OR = 19.9; 95% CI = [3.7–105.2]), HBsAg (OR = 9.9; 95%) CI = [6.2–15.6]) and DNA (OR = 8.9; 95% CI = [5.9–13.4]); HCV (Anti-HCV (OR = 9.4; 95% CI = [6.3–14.0]) and RNA (OR = 16.5; 95% CI = [7.8–34.6]); HDV (Anti-VHD, (OR = 25.8; 95% CI = [5.9–112.2]); and HBV/HCV coinfections (HBV DNA/HCV RNA (OR = 22.5; 95% CI = [1.3–387.8]). With apparently healthy controls, the overall results suggested a significantly increased risk of HCC in patients with HBV (HBsAg, (OR = 8.9; 95% CI = [6.0–13.0]); HCV (Anti-HCV, (OR = 7.7; 95% CI = [5.6–10.6]); and HBV/HCV coinfections (HBsAg/Anti-HCV (OR = 7.8; 95% CI = [4.4–13.6]) Substantial heterogeneity and the absence of publication bias were recorded for these results. Conclusions In Africa, HBV/HCV coinfections and HBV, HCV, and HDV infections are associated with an increased risk of developing HCC. The implementation of large-scale longitudinal and prospective studies including healthy participants to search for early biomarkers of the risk of progression to HCC is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatien Serge Mbaga
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- * E-mail: (DSM); (SK)
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- * E-mail: (DSM); (SK)
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Gadji Mahamat
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Marie Amougou-Atsama
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Inès Nyebe
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Dowbiss Meta-Djomsi
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Martin Maïdadi-Foudi
- Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Émergentes et Re-Emergentes, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Efietngab Atembeh Noura
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Jacky Njiki Bikoi
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Barrera-Saldaña HA, Fernández-Garza LE, Barrera-Barrera SA. Liquid biopsy in chronic liver disease. Ann Hepatol 2021; 20:100197. [PMID: 32444248 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases account for a considerable toll of incapacities, suffering, deaths, and resources of the nation's health systems. They can be prevented, treated or even cured when the diagnosis is made on time. Traditional liver biopsy remains the gold standard to diagnose liver diseases, but it has several limitations. Liquid biopsy is emerging as a superior alternative to surgical biopsy given that it surpasses the limitations: it is more convenient, readily and repeatedly accessible, safe, cheap, and provides a more detailed molecular and cellular representation of the individual patient's disease. Progress in understanding the molecular and cellular bases of diseased tissues and organs that normally release cells and cellular components into the bloodstream is catapulting liquid biopsy as a source of biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of therapeutic response, thus supporting the realization of the promises of precision medicine. The review aims to summarize the evidence of the usefulness of liquid biopsy in liver diseases, including the presence of different biomarkers as circulating epithelial cells, cell-free nucleic acids, specific species of DNA and RNA, and the content of extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo A Barrera-Saldaña
- Innbiogem SC at National Laboratory for Services of Research, Development, and Innovation for the Pharma and Biotech Industries (LANSEDI) of CONACyT Vitaxentrum group, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico; Center for Biotechnological Genomics of National Polytechnical Institute, Reynosa, Tamps., Mexico.
| | - Luis E Fernández-Garza
- Innbiogem SC at National Laboratory for Services of Research, Development, and Innovation for the Pharma and Biotech Industries (LANSEDI) of CONACyT Vitaxentrum group, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Silvia A Barrera-Barrera
- Innbiogem SC at National Laboratory for Services of Research, Development, and Innovation for the Pharma and Biotech Industries (LANSEDI) of CONACyT Vitaxentrum group, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico; National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
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6
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Amponsah-Dacosta E. Hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030? World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6025-6038. [PMID: 34629817 PMCID: PMC8476331 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i36.6025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elimination of viral hepatitis in sub-Saharan Africa by 2030 is an ambitious feat. However, as stated by the World Health Organization, there are unprecedented opportunities to act and make significant contributions to the elimination target. With 60 million people chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) of whom 38800 are at risk of developing highly fatal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) every year, sub-Saharan Africa faces one of the greatest battles towards elimination of viral hepatitis. There is a need to examine progress in controlling the disproportionate burden of HBV-associated HCC in sub-Saharan Africa within the context of this elimination target. By scaling-up coverage of hepatitis B birth dose and early childhood vaccination, we can significantly reduce new cases of HCC by as much as 50% within the next three to five decades. Given the substantial reservoir of chronic HBV carriers however, projections show that HCC incidence and mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa will double by 2040. This warrants urgent public health attention. The trends in the burden of HCC over the next two decades, will be determined to a large extent by progress in achieving early diagnosis and appropriate linkage to care for high-risk chronic HBV infected persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Amponsah-Dacosta
- Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, Western Cape, South Africa
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7
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Duffy MJ, Diamandis EP, Crown J. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a pan-cancer screening test: is it finally on the horizon? Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 59:1353-1361. [PMID: 33856748 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The detection of cancer at an early stage while it is curable by surgical resection is widely believed to be one of the most effective strategies for reducing cancer mortality. Hence, the intense interests in the development of a simple pan-cancer screening test. Lack of sensitivity and specificity when combined with the low prevalence of most types of cancer types in the general population limit the use of most of the existing protein biomarkers for this purpose. Like proteins, tumor DNA also can be released into the circulation. Such circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can be differentiated from normal cell DNA by the presence of specific genetic alteration such as mutations, copy number changes, altered methylation patterns or being present in different sized fragments. Emerging results with test such as CancerSEEK or GRAIL suggest that the use of ctDNA can detect cancer with specificities >99%. Sensitivity however, is cancer type and stage-dependent, varying from approximately 40% in stage I disease to approximately 80% in stage III disease. It is important to stress however, that most of the studies published to date have used patients with an established diagnosis of cancer while the control population were healthy individuals. Although the emerging results are promising, evidence of clinical utility will require demonstration of reduced mortality following evaluation in a prospective randomized screening trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Duffy
- UCD School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - John Crown
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Barsouk A, Thandra KC, Saginala K, Rawla P, Barsouk A. Chemical Risk Factors of Primary Liver Cancer: An Update. Hepat Med 2021; 12:179-188. [PMID: 33447099 PMCID: PMC7801911 DOI: 10.2147/hmer.s278070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer has the sixth highest incidence and fourth highest cancer mortality worldwide. Hepatitis B is the leading cause of liver cancer, though its incidence is decreasing with vaccination. Alcohol is the leading cause of liver transplant, cirrhosis, and cancer in the developed world, and is projected to surpass hepatitis B as the leading hepatic cancer etiology worldwide. Tobacco smoking has shown a positive association with liver cancer in a majority of studies, though not all. Aflatoxin, a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus, is estimated to account for 3–20% of global liver cancer cases, 40% of which occur in sub-Saharan Africa. These statistics are confounded by the prevalence of hepatitis B, which may have a synergistic effect on hepatic carcinogenesis. Aflatoxin is ingested and likely inhaled from agricultural products, placing farmers, food processors, and textile workers in developing nations at risk. Vinyl-chloride is used in the production of PVC plastics and causes rare liver angiosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and other neoplasms. Arsenic and cadmium are naturally-occurring, hepatocarcinogenic metals with high occupational exposure in industries involving coal, metals, plastics, and batteries. Millions of laborers in waste-disposal and manufacturing are exposed to organic solvents and N-nitrosamines, which vary from carcinogenic (group 1) to possibly carcinogenic (group 2B) in their IARC designation. Insecticide DDT is possibly hepatocarcinogenic (group 2B), though continues to be used for malaria control in the developing world. While suggested by case reports, anabolic steroids and oral contraceptives have not been shown to increase liver cancer risk in large studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Barsouk
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Krishna Chaitanya Thandra
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sentara Virginia Beach General Hospital, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
| | - Kalyan Saginala
- Plains Regional Medical Group Internal Medicine, Clovis, NM 88101, USA
| | - Prashanth Rawla
- Department of Medicine, Sovah Health, Martinsville, VA 24112, USA
| | - Alexander Barsouk
- Hematologist-Oncologist, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA
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9
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Jiang L, Stärkel P, Fan JG, Fouts DE, Bacher P, Schnabl B. The gut mycobiome: a novel player in chronic liver diseases. J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:1-11. [PMID: 33151407 PMCID: PMC7819863 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-020-01740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea) is a complex and diverse ecosystem. It plays an important role in human health, but is involved in several intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Most research to date has focused on the role of bacteria, while studies focusing on fungi (also referred to as "mycobiome" or "fungome") are still in its infancy. In this review, we focus on the existing literature available about the gut mycobiome with an emphasis on compositional mycobiome changes associated with liver diseases, the impact on pathogenesis of disease, and its potential use as therapeutic targets. We also provide insights into current methodologies of studying mycobiome, and we highlight the interkingdom interactions in the context of disease and how they affect health of the host. Herein, by focusing on the gut mycobiome, this review provides novel insights and directions for liver research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jiang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, MC0063, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA ,Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Peter Stärkel
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jian-Gao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Petra Bacher
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and UKSH Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany ,Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, MC0063, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA ,Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA USA
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10
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Triangular Relationship between p53, Autophagy, and Chemotherapy Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238991. [PMID: 33256191 PMCID: PMC7730978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy and radiation often induce a number of cellular responses, such as apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence. One of the major regulators of these processes is p53, an essential tumor suppressor that is often mutated or lost in many cancer types and implicated in early tumorigenesis. Gain of function (GOF) p53 mutations have been implicated in increased susceptibility to drug resistance, by compromising wildtype anti-tumor functions of p53 or modulating key p53 processes that confer chemotherapy resistance, such as autophagy. Autophagy, a cellular survival mechanism, is initially induced in response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and its cytoprotective nature became the spearhead of a number of clinical trials aimed to sensitize patients to chemotherapy. However, increased pre-clinical studies have exemplified the multifunctional role of autophagy. Additionally, compartmental localization of p53 can modulate induction or inhibition of autophagy and may play a role in autophagic function. The duality in p53 function and its effects on autophagic function are generally not considered in clinical trial design or clinical therapeutics; however, ample pre-clinical studies suggest they play a role in tumor responses to therapy and drug resistance. Further inquiry into the interconnection between autophagy and p53, and its effects on chemotherapeutic responses may provide beneficial insights on multidrug resistance and novel treatment regimens for chemosensitization.
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Cohen D, Ghosh S, Shimakawa Y, Ramou N, Garcia PS, Dubois A, Guillot C, Kakwata-Nkor Deluce N, Tilloy V, Durand G, Voegele C, Ndow G, d'Alessandro U, Brochier-Armanet C, Alain S, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Hall J, Zoulim F, Mendy M, Thursz M, Lemoine M, Chemin I. Hepatitis B virus preS2Δ38-55 variants: A newly identified risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. JHEP Rep 2020; 2:100144. [PMID: 32904132 PMCID: PMC7452365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although HBV is a major cause of death in Africa, its genetic variability has been poorly documented. This study aimed to address whether HBV genotype and surface gene variants are associated with HBV-related liver disease in The Gambia. METHODS We conducted a case-control study nested in the Prevention of Liver Fibrosis and Cancer in Africa programme. Consecutive treatment-naive patients with chronic HBV infection and detectable viral load were recruited: 211 controls with no significant liver disease and 91 cases (56 cirrhosis and 35 HCC cases). HBV genotypes and surface gene variants were determined by Sanger sequencing or next-generation sequencing (NGS) in serum DNA. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-specific codon 249 TP53 mutation was determined by NGS in circulating cell-free plasma DNA. RESULTS In phylogenetic analysis, 85% of individuals carried HBV genotype E, 14% genotype A, and 1% A/E recombinant viruses. Surface gene variants were more frequently observed in cases (43% and 57% in cirrhosis and HCC cases, respectively) than controls (25%; p <0.001), with preS2 deletions between nucleotides 38-55 (preS2Δ38-55) being the main genetic variant detected. In multivariable analysis, HBeAg seropositivity, low HBsAg levels, and HDV seropositivity were significantly associated with cirrhosis and HCC, whilst older age, higher viral load, genotype A, preS2Δ38-55, and AFB1 exposure were only associated with HCC. There was a multiplicative joint effect of preS2Δ38-55 variants with HBeAg seropositivity (odds ratio [OR] 43.1 [10.4-177.7]), high viral load >2,000 IU/ml (OR 22.7 [8.0-64.9]), HBsAg levels <10,000 IU/ml (OR 19.0 [5.5-65.3]), and AFB1 exposure (OR 29.3 [3.7-230.4]) on HCC risk. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a hotspot for HBV preS2 deletions as a strong independent factor for HCC in The Gambia, with HBV genotypes and AFB1 exposure contributing to the high liver cancer risk. LAY SUMMARY Although HBV-related liver disease is highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, the associated virological characteristics are poorly studied. Using clinical data from African patients chronically infected with HBV, an assessment of the virological variability (genotypes and mutations) and exposure to AFB1, a toxin often contaminating food, was carried out. Our results show that HBV genotypes, the presence of a highly prevalent mutant form of HBV, and AFB1 exposure contribute to the high liver cancer risk in this population.
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Key Words
- AFB1, aflatoxin B1
- AFP, alpha-fetoprotein
- Aflatoxin B1
- Africa
- Carcinogenesis
- Cirrhosis
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- Genotype
- Hepatitis B virus
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- LSM, liver stiffness measurement
- NBS1, Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1
- NGS, next-generation sequencing
- OR, odds ratio
- PROLIFICA, Prevention of Liver Fibrosis and Cancer in Africa
- PreS deletion
- ROC, receiver operating characteristic
- SSA, sub-Saharan Africa
- WT, wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Cohen
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sumantra Ghosh
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Yusuke Shimakawa
- Unité d'Épidémiologie des Maladies Émergentes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Njie Ramou
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Simon Garcia
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Villeurbanne, France
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, Institut de Biologie et de Chimie des Protéines 7 passage du Vercors, Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Anaëlle Dubois
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Clément Guillot
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nora Kakwata-Nkor Deluce
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Valentin Tilloy
- Microbiology Department, CHU Limoges, Genomic Platform GenoLim, UMR Inserm 1092/FR CNRS 145 GEIST, Faculté de Médecine-Université de Limoges, CHU Dupuytren, CBRS, Limoges, France
| | | | | | - Gibril Ndow
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Umberto d'Alessandro
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Céline Brochier-Armanet
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sophie Alain
- Microbiology Department, CHU Limoges, Genomic Platform GenoLim, UMR Inserm 1092/FR CNRS 145 GEIST, Faculté de Médecine-Université de Limoges, CHU Dupuytren, CBRS, Limoges, France
| | | | - Janet Hall
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Department of Hepatology, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maimuna Mendy
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mark Thursz
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Liver Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maud Lemoine
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Liver Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Chemin
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Chen L, Chen Y, Feng YL, Zhu Y, Wang LQ, Hu S, Cheng P. Tumor circulome in the liquid biopsies for digestive tract cancer diagnosis and prognosis. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:2066-2080. [PMID: 32548136 PMCID: PMC7281040 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i11.2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestive tract cancer is one of the main diseases that endanger human health. At present, the early diagnosis of digestive tract tumors mainly depends on serology, imaging, endoscopy, and so on. Although tissue specimens are the gold standard for cancer diagnosis, with the rapid development of precision medicine in cancer, the demand for dynamic monitoring of tumor molecular characteristics has increased. Liquid biopsy involves the collection of body fluids via non-invasive approaches, and analyzes biological markers such as circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, circulating cell-free DNA, microRNAs, and exosomes. In recent years, liquid biopsy has become more and more important in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer in clinical practice due to its convenience, non-invasiveness, high specificity and it overcomes temporal-spatial heterogeneity. Therefore, this review summarizes the current evidence on liquid biopsies in digestive tract cancers in relation to diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuan-Ling Feng
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Respiratory, Shulan Hospital, Hangzhou 310004, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Quan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shen Hu
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Pu Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310052, Zhejiang Province, China
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13
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Mekuria AN, Routledge MN, Gong YY, Sisay M. Aflatoxins as a risk factor for liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 21:39. [PMID: 32487162 PMCID: PMC7268458 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-020-00420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cirrhosis is characterized by fibrosis and nodule formation in the liver, due to a chronic injury, and subsequent alteration of the normal architecture of the liver. Even though there is a huge effort to elucidate the possible etiologic factors of liver cirrhosis, a significant number of cases are cryptogenic, especially in Sub Saharan Africa, where there is a high burden of aflatoxin exposure. Aflatoxins are known to cause hepatocellular carcinoma, which share similar etiologic factors with liver cirrhosis. This study aimed to assess the association between aflatoxin exposure and the risk of liver cirrhosis. Methods Relevant studies were identified through systematic searches conducted in Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed and Google Scholar. Also, by searching the references of retrieved articles. The abstracts and full text were screened for eligibility and the risk of bias was assessed for each study using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for observational studies. The extracted data from included studies using Microsoft Excel were exported to Stata software version 15.0 for analyses. The overall pooled estimation of outcomes was calculated using a random-effects model of DerSimonian–Laird method at a 95% confidence level. The heterogeneity of studies was determined using I2 statistics. The presence of publication bias between studies was evaluated using the Begg’s and Egger’s tests and funnel plot. The protocol of this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in the Prospero database with reference number ID: CRD42019148481. Results A total of 5 studies published between the years 2005 and 2018 that met the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. The meta-analysis showed that a significant increase in the risk of liver cirrhosis is associated with aflatoxin exposure (unadjusted pooled odds ratio (OR) = 3.35, 95% CI: 2.74–4.10, p = 0.000; I2 = 88.3%, p = 0.000; adjusted OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.84–3.39, p = 0.000; I2 = 0%, p = 0.429). Conclusions The present meta-analysis suggests that aflatoxin exposure is associated with a higher risk of liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Nigussie Mekuria
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 235, Harar, Ethiopia.
| | - Michael N Routledge
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun Yun Gong
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mekonnen Sisay
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Evaluation of circulating cell free DNA in plasma as a biomarker of different thyroid diseases. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 86:321-326. [PMID: 30826312 PMCID: PMC9422580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many studies have been done on proteomics, genomics, epigenetic, immunogenetics in many body fluids. Among these, circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) entered the literature in 1948, but it has not been studied for many years due to technological deficiencies. Following recent advances, geno-metastasis has been mentioned and new research is needed in this area. ccfDNA is known to be an important biomolecule in this regard. Objective The presence of cell-free DNA in the circulatory system may offer a tremendous opportunity to provide novel biomarkers for thyroid diseases. This experimental study was conducted to determine the amount of ccfDNA in different thyroid diseases, then to evaluate whether the ccfDNA concentration varied between the disease groups and control group. Methods In total, we included 121 individuals in the present study. We collected blood samples and then determined the ccfDNA concentration in plasma of collected blood samples from three groups: thyroiditis (n = 33), benign (n = 37), and malignant (n = 30) and from a control group (n = 21). Results The median values of the ccfDNA groups were found as 1610, 1665, 1685 and 576 ng/mL for the thyroiditis, benign, malign, and control groups, respectively. Findings showed that the ccfDNA of the three groups was significantly higher than the control (p < 0.0001). Each group was compared in terms of ccfDNA and the p-values of benign-thyroiditis, benign-malign, and thyroiditis-malign were 0.09, 0.65, and 0.29, respectively. Conclusions The clear differences between thyroid diseases and controls suggest that ccfDNA is worthy of attention as a biomarker for further evaluation of different thyroid diseases. Likewise, it might indicate a clear tendency that ccfDNA can also be used to distinguish different thyroid diseases.
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15
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Marko D, Oswald IP, Piersma A, Routledge M, Schlatter J, Baert K, Gergelova P, Wallace H. Risk assessment of aflatoxins in food. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06040. [PMID: 32874256 PMCID: PMC7447885 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of aflatoxins in food. The risk assessment was confined to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and AFM1. More than 200,000 analytical results on the occurrence of aflatoxins were used in the evaluation. Grains and grain-based products made the largest contribution to the mean chronic dietary exposure to AFB1 in all age classes, while 'liquid milk' and 'fermented milk products' were the main contributors to the AFM1 mean exposure. Aflatoxins are genotoxic and AFB1 can cause hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in humans. The CONTAM Panel selected a benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) for a benchmark response of 10% of 0.4 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day for the incidence of HCC in male rats following AFB1 exposure to be used in a margin of exposure (MOE) approach. The calculation of a BMDL from the human data was not appropriate; instead, the cancer potencies estimated by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives in 2016 were used. For AFM1, a potency factor of 0.1 relative to AFB1 was used. For AFG1, AFB2 and AFG2, the in vivo data are not sufficient to derive potency factors and equal potency to AFB1 was assumed as in previous assessments. MOE values for AFB1 exposure ranged from 5,000 to 29 and for AFM1 from 100,000 to 508. The calculated MOEs are below 10,000 for AFB1 and also for AFM1 where some surveys, particularly for the younger age groups, have an MOE below 10,000. This raises a health concern. The estimated cancer risks in humans following exposure to AFB1 and AFM1 are in-line with the conclusion drawn from the MOEs. The conclusions also apply to the combined exposure to all five aflatoxins.
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16
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Wang W, Wei C. Advances in the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Genes Dis 2020; 7:308-319. [PMID: 32884985 PMCID: PMC7452544 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers globally. In contrast to the declining death rates observed for all other common cancers such as breast, lung, and prostate cancers, the death rates for HCC continue to increase by ~2–3% per year because HCC is frequently diagnosed late and there is no curative therapy for an advanced HCC. The early diagnosis of HCC is truly a big challenge. Over the past years, the early diagnosis of HCC has relied on surveillance with ultrasonography (US) and serological assessments of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). However, the specificity and sensitivity of US/AFP is not satisfactory enough to detect early onset HCC. Recent technological advancements offer hope for early HCC diagnosis. Herein, we review the progress made in HCC diagnostics, with a focus on emerging imaging techniques and biomarkers for early disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Wang
- Xiamen Amplly Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Chao Wei
- Xiamen Amplly Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Xiamen, PR China
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17
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18
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Ng CKY, Di Costanzo GG, Tosti N, Paradiso V, Coto-Llerena M, Roscigno G, Perrina V, Quintavalle C, Boldanova T, Wieland S, Marino-Marsilia G, Lanzafame M, Quagliata L, Condorelli G, Matter MS, Tortora R, Heim MH, Terracciano LM, Piscuoglio S. Genetic profiling using plasma-derived cell-free DNA in therapy-naïve hepatocellular carcinoma patients: a pilot study. Ann Oncol 2019; 29:1286-1291. [PMID: 29509837 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) are not routinely biopsied, resulting in a lack of tumor materials for molecular profiling. Here we sought to determine whether plasma-derived cell-free DNA (cfDNA) captures the genetic alterations of HCC in patients who have not undergone systemic therapy. Patients and methods Frozen biopsies from the primary tumor and plasma were synchronously collected from 30 prospectively recruited, systemic treatment-naïve HCC patients. Deep sequencing of the DNA from the biopsies, plasma-derived cfDNA and matched germline was carried out using a panel targeting 46 coding and non-coding genes frequently altered in HCCs. Results In 26/30 patients, at least one somatic mutation was detected in biopsy and/or cfDNA. Somatic mutations in HCC-associated genes were present in the cfDNA of 63% (19/30) of the patients and could be detected 'de novo' without prior knowledge of the mutations present in the biopsy in 27% (8/30) of the patients. Mutational load and the variant allele fraction of the mutations detected in the cfDNA positively correlated with tumor size and Edmondson grade. Crucially, among the seven patients in whom the largest tumor was ≥5 cm or was associated with metastasis, at least one mutation was detected 'de novo' in the cfDNA of 86% (6/7) of the cases. In these patients, cfDNA and tumor DNA captured 87% (80/92) and 95% (87/92) of the mutations, suggesting that cfDNA and tumor DNA captured similar proportions of somatic mutations. Conclusion In patients with high disease burden, the use of cfDNA for genetic profiling when biopsy is unavailable may be feasible. Our results support further investigations into the clinical utility of cfDNA in a larger cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Y Ng
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel; Hepatology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - G G Di Costanzo
- Department of Transplantation - Liver Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples
| | - N Tosti
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel
| | - V Paradiso
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel
| | - M Coto-Llerena
- Hepatology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - G Roscigno
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - V Perrina
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel
| | - C Quintavalle
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel
| | - T Boldanova
- Hepatology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - S Wieland
- Hepatology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - M Lanzafame
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel
| | - L Quagliata
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel
| | - G Condorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - M S Matter
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel
| | - R Tortora
- Department of Transplantation - Liver Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples
| | - M H Heim
- Hepatology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - S Piscuoglio
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel.
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Temilola DO, Wium M, Coulidiati TH, Adeola HA, Carbone GM, Catapano CV, Zerbini LF. The Prospect and Challenges to the Flow of Liquid Biopsy in Africa. Cells 2019; 8:E862. [PMID: 31404988 PMCID: PMC6721679 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy technologies have the potential to transform cancer patient management as it offers non-invasive diagnosis and real-time monitoring of disease progression and treatment responses. The use of liquid biopsy for non-invasive cancer diagnosis can have pivotal importance for the African continent where access to medical infrastructures is limited, as it eliminates the need for surgical biopsies. To apply liquid biopsy technologies in the African setting, the influence of environmental and population genetic factors must be known. In this review, we discuss the use of circulating tumor cells, cell-free nucleic acids, extracellular vesicles, protein, and other biomolecules in liquid biopsy technology for cancer management with special focus on African studies. We discussed the prospect, barriers, and other aspects that pose challenges to the use of liquid biopsy in the African continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dada Oluwaseyi Temilola
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Integrative Biomedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Martha Wium
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Tangbadioa Herve Coulidiati
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Training and Research unit in Sciences and Technology, University Norbert Zongo, P.O. Box 376, Koudougou 376, Burkina Faso
| | - Henry Ademola Adeola
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Giuseppina Maria Carbone
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Vittorio Catapano
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luiz Fernando Zerbini
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
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20
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Cervena K, Vodicka P, Vymetalkova V. Diagnostic and prognostic impact of cell-free DNA in human cancers: Systematic review. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 781:100-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Chang Q, He ZL, Peng YC, Duan SG, Dai YX, Zhao XH. A meta-analysis of MDR1 polymorphisms rs1128503 and rs1045642 and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:2800-2809. [PMID: 31234681 PMCID: PMC6683882 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519855869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A relationship between polymorphisms rs1128503 and rs1045642 in the multidrug resistance 1 gene ( MDR1) and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been reported but is inconclusive. This study was performed to explore the significance of MDR1 polymorphisms rs1128503 and rs1045642 in screening and diagnosis of HCC. Methods Studies of association analyses between MDR1 gene polymorphisms rs1128503 and rs1045642 and HCC were selected from three foreign language databases (PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase) and three Chinese databases (Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and China Knowledge Network) and subjected to meta-analysis. Results We found no significant relationship between the rs1128503 polymorphism and susceptibility to HCC in 4 cohorts and no significant relationship between the rs1045642 polymorphism and susceptibility to HCC in 3 cohorts. Conclusions There was no relationship between polymorphisms rs1128503 or rs1045642 of the MDR1 gene and susceptibility to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chang
- Department of General Surgery, 9th People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhong-Lin He
- Department of General Surgery, 9th People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Chong Peng
- Department of General Surgery, 9th People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Gang Duan
- Department of General Surgery, 9th People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Xin Dai
- Department of General Surgery, 9th People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, 9th People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
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22
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Cohen D, Shimakawa Y, Ndow G, Sow A, Tamba S, Njie R, Lo G, Ghosh S, Toure-Kane C, Ka M, Mboup S, Okeke E, Toure S, Diop M, D'Alessandro U, Taylor-Robinson S, Mendy M, Zoulim F, Thursz MR, Lemoine M, Chemin I. [Prevention of liver fibrosis and liver cancer linked to hepatitis B virus in Africa: the Prolifica study]. Med Sci (Paris) 2019; 35:431-439. [PMID: 31115326 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2019076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the existence of an effective vaccine, HBV infects 257 million people worldwide and is the cause of the majority of HCC. With an annual mortality rate of 887 000 patients in 2015, this cancer is the second deadliest. Low-income countries such as ones in sub-Saharan Africa are the most at risk due to the limited access to healthcare. To overcome this and born from an international research collaboration within an EU project, the Prolifica study aimed at evaluating a screen-and-treat program to prevent HBV complications, and more particularly HCC. Based on communities, facilities and hospitals HBsAg+ detection, the study lasted from 2011 to 2016. From the "cost effectiveness" feasibility of such a program to the development of simple scores for antiviral treatment, Prolifica uncovered data of crucial importance in a region with low HBV infection awareness, transmissions modes and prevention means which could have impacts on public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Cohen
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL), 151, cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Yusuke Shimakawa
- Unité d'Épidémiologie des Maladies Émergentes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Gibril Ndow
- Division of Digestive Diseases, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, Royaume-Uni
| | - Amina Sow
- Division of Digestive Diseases, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, Royaume-Uni
| | - Saydiba Tamba
- Division of Digestive Diseases, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, Royaume-Uni
| | - Ramou Njie
- Medical Research Council Laboratories, The Gambia Unit, Fajara, Gambie
| | - Gora Lo
- Department of bacteriology and Virology, CHU Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Sumantra Ghosh
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL), 151, cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Coumba Toure-Kane
- Division of Digestive Diseases, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, Royaume-Uni
| | - Mourtalla Ka
- Department of bacteriology and Virology, CHU Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Souleymane Mboup
- Department of bacteriology and Virology, CHU Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Edith Okeke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigéria
| | - Souleymane Toure
- Department of bacteriology and Virology, CHU Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Madoky Diop
- Department of bacteriology and Virology, CHU Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | - Simon Taylor-Robinson
- Division of Digestive Diseases, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, Royaume-Uni
| | - Maimuna Mendy
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL), 151, cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Division of Digestive Diseases, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, Royaume-Uni
| | - Maud Lemoine
- Division of Digestive Diseases, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, Royaume-Uni
| | - Isabelle Chemin
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL), 151, cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France
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Rushing BR, Selim MI. Aflatoxin B1: A review on metabolism, toxicity, occurrence in food, occupational exposure, and detoxification methods. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 124:81-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
Amongst the primary tumors of the liver, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common. It is also one of the most prevalent types of cancers in Asia. Mostly, HCC occurs on a background of chronic liver disease and liver cirrhosis; however, de novo HCCs can also arise in apparently normal looking livers on imaging. There are multiple risk factors for HCC, including hepatitis B and C infections, diabetes mellitus, alcohol, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Other common risk factors which are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of HCC are obesity, food contaminated with aflatoxin and hemochromatosis. Many of these factors are commonly found in this part of the world, hence the high burden of disease. Besides these, smoking and familial predisposition to HCC also seem to have an important role to play in its development. Majority of HCC are missed at an early stage despite the emphasis on adequate screening and surveillance strategies. Therefore, most of the time these tumors are diagnosed at a fairly advanced stage, when palliative treatment is the only therapeutic option left. Hence, prevention of HCC by controlling and minimizing the possible risk factors is the need of the hour. How to cite this article: Jafri W, Kamran M. Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Asia: A Challenging Situation. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2019; 9(1):27-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Jafri
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Department of Medicine, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
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25
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Su YH, Kim AK, Jain S. Liquid biopsies for hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Res 2018; 201:84-97. [PMID: 30056068 PMCID: PMC6483086 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the world's second leading cause of cancer death; 82.4% of patients die within 5 years. This grim prognosis is the consequence of a lack of effective early detection tools, limited treatment options, and the high frequency of HCC recurrence. Advances in the field of liquid biopsy hold great promise in improving early detection of HCC, advancing patient prognosis, and ultimately increasing the survival rate. In an effort to address the current challenges of HCC screening and management, several studies have identified and evaluated liver-cancer-associated molecular signatures such as genetic alterations, methylation, and noncoding RNA expression in the form of circulating biomarkers in body fluids and circulating tumor cells of HCC patients. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in HCC liquid biopsy, organized by the intended clinical application of the reported study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsiu Su
- The Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, Pennsylvania.
| | - Amy K Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland.
| | - Surbhi Jain
- JBS Science, Inc., Doylestown, Pennsylvania.
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26
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Mody K, Cleary SP. A Review of Circulating Tumor DNA in Hepatobiliary Malignancies. Front Oncol 2018; 8:212. [PMID: 29942792 PMCID: PMC6004782 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is released into circulation (blood) specifically from tumor cells undergoing metabolic secretion, apoptosis, or necrosis, carries tumor-specific genetic or epigenetic alterations. Technologies enabling clinical evaluation of ctDNA continue to advance rapidly and allow for the assessment of patient-specific tumoral genetic and epigenetic alterations. This holds great potential for earlier detection of disease, serial monitoring of tumor heterogeneity, identification of therapeutic targets, and evaluation of treatment response and mechanisms of resistance. Hepatobiliary malignancies are often diagnosed late, recur commonly, yield limited available tumor on biopsy, and harbor several genomic alterations with potential therapeutic impacts. Patients suffering from or at risk for these diseases thus stand to benefit immensely from this technology. Herein, we review the limited literature pertaining to the potential for ctDNA technologies in such patients. Patients with these cancers stand to benefit greatly from the application of ctDNA technologies, and concerted efforts at further investigation of such are ongoing and greatly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir Mody
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Sean P Cleary
- Division of Hepatobiliary/Pancreas Surgery, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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27
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Marchio A, Amougou Atsama M, Béré A, Komas NP, Noah Noah D, Atangana PJA, Camengo-Police SM, Njouom R, Bekondi C, Pineau P. Droplet digital PCR detects high rate of TP53 R249S mutants in cell-free DNA of middle African patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Exp Med 2018; 18:421-431. [PMID: 29749584 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-018-0502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a major killing malignancy in sub-Saharan Africa. Lifelong intoxication with aflatoxin B1 is considered as one of the primary causes of this situation. The role of aflatoxin in HCC from a given population is commonly estimated through the prevalence of R249S mutation of TP53, a hallmark for previous exposure to the mycotoxin. However, the role of AFB1 is barely known in large part of Africa. We conducted a survey on circulating cell-free DNA from 149 patients with HCC and 213 control subjects with and without liver diseases from Cameroon and Central African Republic using droplet digital PCR technique. We observed a mutation prevalence of 24.8% (n = 37/149) in patients with tumor and 5.6% (n = 12/213) in controls (P = 2.2E-07). Patients with mutations usually displayed significantly increased circulating alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) values, high hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA loads as well as worsened values of blood cells count. Interestingly, the fraction of droplets positive for R249S was significantly larger in patients with liver cancer (15.3 ± 3.7%) than in controls (0.5 ± 0.3%, P = 7.1E-04). Our survey indicates that AFB1 is instrumental for HCC development in Middle Africa and that droplet digital PCR might be used in the region both to diagnose HCC and to conduct public health surveys on populations at risk of chronic aflatoxin intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Marchio
- Unité "Organisation Nucléaire et Oncogenèse," INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 752724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | | | - Aubin Béré
- Unité de Rétrovirologie et Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Narcisse-Patrice Komas
- Laboratoire des Hépatites Virales, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | | | | | | | - Richard Njouom
- Service de Virologie, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Claudine Bekondi
- Unité de Rétrovirologie et Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Pascal Pineau
- Unité "Organisation Nucléaire et Oncogenèse," INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 752724, Paris Cedex 15, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose D Debes
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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29
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Jiao J, Niu W, Wang Y, Baggerly K, Ye Y, Wu X, Davenport D, Almeda JL, Betancourt-Garcia MM, Forse RA, Stevenson HL, Watt GP, McCormick JB, Fisher-Hoch SP, Beretta L. Prevalence of Aflatoxin-Associated TP53R249S Mutation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hispanics in South Texas. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0235-at] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Tornesello ML, Buonaguro L, Izzo F, Buonaguro FM. Molecular alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections. Oncotarget 2018; 7:25087-102. [PMID: 26943571 PMCID: PMC5041890 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic infections with hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C viruses (HCV) are the leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. Both viruses encode multifunctional regulatory proteins activating several oncogenic pathways, which induce accumulation of multiple genetic alterations in the infected hepatocytes. Gene mutations in HBV- and HCV-induced HCCs frequently impair the TP53, Wnt/b-catenin, RAS/RAF/MAPK kinase and AKT/mTOR pathways, which represent important anti-cancer targets. In this review, we highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of primary liver cancer, with particular emphasis on the host genetic variations identified by high-throughput technologies. In addition, we discuss the importance of genetic alterations, such as mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter, for the diagnosis, prognosis, and tumor stratification for development of more effective treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lina Tornesello
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Department of Research, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Department of Research, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Izzo
- Hepato-Biliary Surgery Department, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Franco M Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Department of Research, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
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31
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Debes JD, Chan AJ, Balderramo D, Kikuchi L, Gonzalez Ballerga E, Prieto JE, Tapias M, Idrovo V, Davalos MB, Cairo F, Barreyro FJ, Paredes S, Hernandez N, Avendaño K, Diaz Ferrer J, Yang JD, Carrera E, Garcia JA, Mattos AZ, Hirsch BS, Gonçalves PT, Carrilho FJ, Roberts LR. Hepatocellular carcinoma in South America: Evaluation of risk factors, demographics and therapy. Liver Int 2018. [PMID: 28640517 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Most studies addressing the epidemiology of HCC originate from developed countries. This study reports the preliminary findings of a multinational approach to characterize HCC in South America. METHODS We evaluated 1336 HCC patients seen at 14 centres in six South American countries using a retrospective study design with participating centres completing a template chart of patient characteristics. The diagnosis of HCC was made radiographically or histologically for all cases according to institutional standards. Methodology of surveillance for each centre was following AASLD or EASL recommendations. RESULTS Sixty-eight percent of individuals were male with a median age of 64 years at time of diagnosis. The most common risk factor for HCC was hepatitis C infection (HCV, 48%), followed by alcoholic cirrhosis (22%), Hepatitis B infection (HBV, 14%) and NAFLD (9%). We found that among individuals with HBV-related HCC, 38% were diagnosed before age 50. The most commonly provided therapy was transarterial chemoembolization (35% of HCCs) with few individuals being considered for liver transplant (<20%). Only 47% of HCCs were diagnosed during surveillance, and there was no difference in age of diagnosis between those diagnosed incidentally vs by surveillance. Nonetheless, being diagnosed during surveillance was associated with improved overall survival (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Our study represents the largest cohort to date reporting characteristics and outcomes of HCC across South America. We found an important number of HCCs diagnosed outside of surveillance programmes, with associated increased mortality in those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose D Debes
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Aaron J Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Domingo Balderramo
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luciana Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jhon E Prieto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Organización Sanitas Colombia, Centro de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CEHYD), Bogota, Colombia
| | - Monica Tapias
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe y Organizacion Sánitas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Victor Idrovo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe y Organizacion Sánitas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Milagros B Davalos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, HNERM, Lima, Peru
| | - Fernando Cairo
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital El Cruce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando J Barreyro
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Posadas, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Paredes
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia y Hepatologia, Hospital Presidente Peron, Formosa, Argentina
| | - Nelia Hernandez
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia y Hepatologia, Hospital de Clinicas (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Karla Avendaño
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia y Hepatologia, Hospital de Clinicas (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Javier Diaz Ferrer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, HNERM, Lima, Peru
| | - Ju Dong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Enrique Carrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia y Hepatologia, Hospital Eugenio Espejo, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Angelo Z Mattos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição-HNSC, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruno S Hirsch
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição-HNSC, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pablo T Gonçalves
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição-HNSC, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Flair J Carrilho
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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Yindom LM, Mendy M, Bodimeade C, Chambion C, Aka P, Whittle HC, Rowland-Jones SL, Walton R. KIR content genotypes associate with carriage of hepatitis B surface antigen, e antigen and HBV viral load in Gambians. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188307. [PMID: 29149205 PMCID: PMC5693433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) causes over 800,000 deaths worldwide annually, mainly in low income countries, and incidence is rising rapidly in the developed world with the spread of hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses. Natural Killer (NK) cells protect against viral infections and tumours by killing abnormal cells recognised by Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR). Thus genes and haplotypes encoding these receptors may be important in determining both outcome of initial hepatitis infection and subsequent chronic liver disease and tumour formation. HBV is highly prevalent in The Gambia and the commonest cause of liver disease. The Gambia Liver Cancer Study was a matched case-control study conducted between September 1997 and January 2001 where cases with liver disease were identified in three tertiary referral hospitals and matched with out-patient controls with no clinical evidence of liver disease. METHODS We typed 15 KIR genes using the polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) in 279 adult Gambians, 136 with liver disease (HCC or Cirrhosis) and 143 matched controls. We investigated effects of KIR genotypes and haplotypes on HBV infection and associations with cirrhosis and HCC. RESULTS Homozygosity for KIR group A gene-content haplotype was associated with HBsAg carriage (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.4-10.0) whilst telomeric A genotype (t-AA) was associated with reduced risk of e antigenaemia (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.0-0.6) and lower viral loads (mean log viral load 5.2 vs. 6.9, pc = 0.022). One novel telomeric B genotype (t-ABx2) containing KIR3DS1 (which is rare in West Africa) was also linked to e antigenaemia (OR 8.8, 95% CI 1.3-60.5). There were no associations with cirrhosis or HCC. CONCLUSION Certain KIR profiles may promote clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen whilst others predispose to e antigen carriage and high viral load. Larger studies are necessary to quantify the effects of individual KIR genes, haplotypes and KIR/HLA combinations on long-term viral carriage and risk of liver cancer. KIR status could potentially inform antiviral therapy and identify those at increased risk of complications for enhanced surveillance.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/complications
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/chemistry
- Female
- Gambia
- Gene Expression
- Genotype
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/immunology
- Hepatitis B e Antigens/genetics
- Hepatitis B e Antigens/immunology
- Hepatitis B virus/genetics
- Hepatitis B virus/immunology
- Hepatitis B virus/pathogenicity
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/genetics
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/immunology
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/pathology
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis/complications
- Liver Cirrhosis/genetics
- Liver Cirrhosis/immunology
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/complications
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Receptors, KIR/classification
- Receptors, KIR/genetics
- Receptors, KIR/immunology
- Tertiary Care Centers
- Viral Load/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Marie Yindom
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council (UK), Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Maimuna Mendy
- Medical Research Council (UK), Fajara, The Gambia
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Peter Aka
- Medical Research Council (UK), Fajara, The Gambia
- Demographic and Health Surveys, ICF International, Rockville, Maryland United States of America
| | - Hilton C. Whittle
- Medical Research Council (UK), Fajara, The Gambia
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L. Rowland-Jones
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council (UK), Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Robert Walton
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
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Jiao J, Niu W, Wang Y, Baggerly K, Ye Y, Wu X, Davenport D, Almeda JL, Betancourt-Garcia MM, Forse RA, Stevenson HL, Watt GP, McCormick JB, Fisher-Hoch SP, Beretta L. Prevalence of Aflatoxin-Associated TP53R249S Mutation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hispanics in South Texas. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 11:103-112. [PMID: 29089331 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether aflatoxin dietary exposure plays a role in the high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) observed among Hispanics in South Texas. We measured TP53R249S somatic mutation, hallmark of aflatoxin etiology in HCC, using droplet digital PCR and RFLP. TP53R249S mutation was detected in 3 of 41 HCC tumors from Hispanics in South Texas (7.3%). We also measured TP53R249S mutation in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from 218 HCC patients and 96 Hispanic subjects with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis, from South Texas. The mutation was detected only in Hispanic and Asian HCC patients, and patients harboring TP53R249S mutation were significantly younger and had a shorter overall survival. The mutation was not detected in any Hispanic subject with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. Genes involved in cell-cycle control of chromosomal replication and in BRCA1-dependent DNA damage response were enriched in HCCs with TP53R249S mutation. The E2F1 family members, E2F1 and E2F4, were identified as upstream regulators. TP53R249S mutation was detected in 5.7% to 7.3% of Hispanics with HCC in South Texas. This mutation was associated with a younger age and worse prognosis. TP53R249S was however not detected in Hispanics in South Texas with cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis. Aflatoxin exposure may contribute to a small number of HCCs in Hispanics in South Texas, but the detection of TP53R249S mutation in plasma cfDNA is not a promising biomarker of risk assessment for HCC in subjects with cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis in this population. Cancer Prev Res; 11(2); 103-12. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Weibo Niu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Keith Baggerly
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuanqing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dewitt Davenport
- Doctor's Hospital at Renaissance, Edinburg, Texas.,University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Edinburg, Texas
| | - Jose Luis Almeda
- Doctor's Hospital at Renaissance, Edinburg, Texas.,University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Edinburg, Texas
| | | | - R Armour Forse
- Doctor's Hospital at Renaissance, Edinburg, Texas.,University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Edinburg, Texas
| | - Heather L Stevenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Gordon P Watt
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, Texas
| | - Joseph B McCormick
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, Texas
| | - Susan P Fisher-Hoch
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, Texas
| | - Laura Beretta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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34
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Howell JA, Khan SA, Knapp S, Thursz MR, Sharma R. The clinical role of circulating free tumor DNA in gastrointestinal malignancy. Transl Res 2017; 183:137-154. [PMID: 28056336 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is DNA released from necrotic or apoptotic cells into the bloodstream. While both healthy cells and cancer cells release cfDNA, tumors are associated with higher levels of tumor-derived circulating cell-free DNA (ctDNA) detectable in blood. Absolute levels of ctDNA and its genetic mutations and epigenetic changes show promise as potentially useful biomarkers of tumor biology, progression, and response to therapy. Moreover, studies have demonstrated the discriminative accuracy of ctDNA levels for diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancer compared with benign inflammatory diseases. Therefore, ctDNA detected in blood offers a minimally invasive and easily repeated "liquid biopsy" of cancer, facilitating real-time dynamic analysis of tumor behavior that could revolutionize both clinical and research practices in oncology. In this review, we provide a critical summary of the evidence for the utility of ctDNA as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in gastrointestinal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Howell
- Department of Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK; Centre for Population Health, MacFarlane-Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Shahid A Khan
- Department of Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Susanne Knapp
- Department of Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Department of Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Rohini Sharma
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
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Zhou J, Huang A, Yang XR. Liquid Biopsy and its Potential for Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 2017; 47:157-67. [PMID: 26969471 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-016-9801-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We summarized the recent findings of liquid biopsy in cancer field and discussed its potential utility in hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS Literature published in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Science Direct electronic databases was searched and reviewed. RESULTS Liquid biopsy specially referred to the detection of nucleic acids (circulating cell-free DNA, cfDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of cancer patients. Compared to conventional single-site sampling or biopsy method, liquid biopsy had the advantages such as non-invasiveness, dynamic monitoring, and the most important of all, overcoming the limit of spatial and temporal heterogeneity. The genomic information of cancer could be profiled by genotyping cfDNA/CTC and subsequently applied to make molecular classification, targeted therapy guidance, and unveil drug resistance mechanisms. The serial sampling feature of liquid biopsy made it possible to monitor treatment response in a real-time manner and predict tumor metastasis/recurrence in advance. CONCLUSIONS Liquid biopsy is a non-invasive, dynamic, and informative sampling method with important clinical translational significance in cancer research and practice. Much work needs to be done before it is used in the management of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Liver Surgery Department, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20032, China.
| | - Ao Huang
- Liver Surgery Department, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20032, China
| | - Xin-Rong Yang
- Liver Surgery Department, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 20032, China
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36
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Lou J, Zhang L, Lv S, Zhang C, Jiang S. Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2017; 9:1-9. [PMID: 28469485 PMCID: PMC5345949 DOI: 10.1177/1179299x16684640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The HCC diagnosis is usually achieved by biomarkers, which can also help in prognosis prediction. Furthermore, it might represent certain therapeutic interventions through some combinations of biomarkers. Here, we review on our current understanding of HCC biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatao Lou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - LingFei Zhang
- Center for RNA Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaogang Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenzi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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37
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Ledda C, Loreto C, Zammit C, Marconi A, Fago L, Matera S, Costanzo V, Sanzà GF, Palmucci S, Ferrante M, Costa C, Fenga C, Biondi A, Pomara C, Rapisarda V. Non‑infective occupational risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: A review (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:511-533. [PMID: 28000892 PMCID: PMC5364850 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the second leading worldwide cause of cancer‑associated mortalities. Hepatocellular carcinoma, which accounts for the majority of liver tumors, ranks fifth among types of human cancer. Well‑established risk factors for liver cancer include the hepatitis B and C viruses, aflatoxins, alcohol consumption, and oral contraceptives. Tobacco smoking, androgenic steroids, and diabetes mellitus are suspected risk factors. Current knowledge regarding non‑infective occupational risk factors for liver cancer is inconclusive. The relevance of liver disorders to occupational medicine lies in the fact that the majority of chemicals are metabolized in the liver, and toxic metabolites generated via metabolism are the predominant cause of liver damage. However, their non‑specific clinical manifestations that are similar in a number of liver diseases make diagnosis difficult. Furthermore, concomitant conditions, such as viral hepatitis and alcohol or drug abuse, may mask liver disorders that result from occupational hepatotoxic agents and block the demonstration of an occupational cause. The identification of environmental agents that result in human cancer is a long and often difficult process. The purpose of the present review is to summarize current knowledge regarding the association of non‑infective occupational risk exposure and HCC, to encourage further research and draw attention to this global occupational public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ledda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
- Hygiene and Public Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies ‘GF Ingrassia’, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Loreto
- Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Christian Zammit
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD-2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Andrea Marconi
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Fago
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Serena Matera
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina Costanzo
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fuccio Sanzà
- Division of Radiology, ‘Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele’ University Hospital, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Palmucci
- Division of Radiology, ‘Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele’ University Hospital, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Hygiene and Public Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies ‘GF Ingrassia’, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Costa
- Occupational Medicine, Department of the Environment, Safety, Territory, Food and Health Sciences, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Concettina Fenga
- Occupational Medicine, Department of the Environment, Safety, Territory, Food and Health Sciences, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Biondi
- General Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Pomara
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD-2080 Msida, Malta
- Forensic Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, I-71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
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38
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Tang JC, Feng YL, Guo T, Xie AY, Cai XJ. Circulating tumor DNA in hepatocellular carcinoma: trends and challenges. Cell Biosci 2016; 6:32. [PMID: 27182434 PMCID: PMC4866298 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-016-0100-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular characterization of individual patients’ tumor cells is becoming increasingly important in offering effective treatment for patients in clinical practice. Recent advances in the field have indicated that circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has huge potential to serve as a biomarker for early detection and precision treatment as well as prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As ctDNA in HCC patients harbors the molecular characteristics of HCC tumor cells, ctDNA analysis in the blood may be sufficient for convenient, non-invasive and accurate detection, providing information for HCC diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. In this review, we will summarize and discuss current trends and challenges of ctDNA application in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Cheng Tang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Li Feng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Guo
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Yong Xie
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Jun Cai
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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39
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Rapisarda V, Loreto C, Malaguarnera M, Ardiri A, Proiti M, Rigano G, Frazzetto E, Ruggeri MI, Malaguarnera G, Bertino N, Malaguarnera M, Catania VE, Di Carlo I, Toro A, Bertino E, Mangano D, Bertino G. Hepatocellular carcinoma and the risk of occupational exposure. World J Hepatol 2016; 8:573-90. [PMID: 27168870 PMCID: PMC4858622 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i13.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. The main risk factors for HCC are alcoholism, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cirrhosis, aflatoxin, hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease and hemophilia. Occupational exposure to chemicals is another risk factor for HCC. Often the relationship between occupational risk and HCC is unclear and the reports are fragmented and inconsistent. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the association of infective and non-infective occupational risk exposure and HCC in order to encourage further research and draw attention to this global occupational public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venerando Rapisarda
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Loreto
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Malaguarnera
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ardiri
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Proiti
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rigano
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Evelise Frazzetto
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Irene Ruggeri
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Malaguarnera
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Bertino
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Mariano Malaguarnera
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Vito Emanuele Catania
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Isidoro Di Carlo
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Adriana Toro
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bertino
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Dario Mangano
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Bertino
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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40
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Howell JA, Sharma R. The clinical role of 'liquid biopsy' in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepat Oncol 2015; 3:45-55. [PMID: 30191026 DOI: 10.2217/hep.15.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating free tumor DNA (ctDNA) is DNA released from necrotic or apoptotic tumor cells into the bloodstream. Absolute levels of ctDNA, as well as genetic mutations and epigenetic changes detected in ctDNA are useful biomarkers of tumor biology, progression and response to therapy in many tumor types and recent evidence suggests they may be useful in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). ctDNA detected in blood, therefore, offers a minimally invasive, easily repeated 'liquid biopsy' of cancer, providing real-time dynamic analysis of tumor behavior and treatment response that could revolutionize both clinical and research practice in HCC. In this review, we provide a critical summary of the evidence for the utility of ctDNA as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Howell
- Department of Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK.,Centre for Population Health, MacFarlane-Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK.,Centre for Population Health, MacFarlane-Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rohini Sharma
- Department of Oncology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK.,Department of Oncology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
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41
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Kirimli CE, Shih WH, Shih WY. DNA hybridization detection with 100 zM sensitivity using piezoelectric plate sensors with an improved noise-reduction algorithm. Analyst 2015; 139:2754-63. [PMID: 24759937 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00215f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have examined real-time, in situ hybridization detection of target DNA (tDNA) in a buffer solution and in urine using 8 μm-thick lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) piezoelectric plate sensors (PEPSs) about 1.1-1.2 mm long and 0.45 mm wide with improved 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) insulation and a new multiple-parabola (>50) resonance peak position fitting algorithm. With probe DNA (pDNA) immobilized on the PEPS surface and by monitoring the first width extension mode (WEM) resonance frequency shift we detected tDNA in real time at concentration as low as 1 × 10(-19) M in urine (100 zM) with a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 13 without DNA isolation and amplification at room temperature in 30 min. The present multiple-parabola fitting algorithm increased the detection of SNR by about 10 times compared to those obtained using the raw data and by about 5 times compared to those obtained using single parabola fitting. The detection was validated by in situ follow-up detection and subsequent visualization of fluorescent reporter microspheres (FRMs) coated with reporter DNA complementary to the tDNA but different from the probe pDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhun E Kirimli
- Lakehead University, Department of Chemistry, Thunder Bay, Canada.
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42
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Kucukcakan B, Hayrulai-Musliu Z. Challenging Role of Dietary Aflatoxin B1 Exposure and Hepatitis B Infection on Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2015; 3:363-9. [PMID: 27275251 PMCID: PMC4877883 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2015.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFT) are poisonous substances which are classified in Group 1 carcinogenic agents to humans by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). AFT can occur naturally in food commodities (maize, corn, rice) as a result of fungal contamination in hot and humid environments. In the food, toxin contamination can remain during manufacturing and long after fungi have stopped being biologically active. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most dominant and potent agent from all AFT. In developing countries, high exposure to AFB1 can cause chronic toxicity and usually increases the incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). However, in these regions hepatitis B is the most common risk factor for HCC cases. Many researches were aimed to enlighten the mechanism and the role of two etiological agents on risk of HCC, but the obtained data was conflicting with each other. It was uncertain that the indicators/biomarkers might be the contribution of the carcinogenic status of the patient; and, the biomarker samples from the subject may only reflect the recent effects of the toxin exposure after consumption of AFB1 contaminated commodities. The studies were facing with the errors of methods which were un-fit to enlighten the possible interaction between Hepatitis B and AFB1 on contribution to HCC. It was pivotal to understand the effect of each risk factor in order to prevent and improve public health in poor and undeveloped regions. Although some of the studies evaluate AFB1 alone as a considerable factor on HCC risk, according to this review it was concluded vice versa. This study was aimed to clarify the main etiological agent of HCC where AFB1 and HBV are endangering public health. In additionally, the purpose was to enlighten the possible synergistic effect between these two factors among HCC pathogenesis. Hence forth, appropriate and right applications could be conducted in undeveloped countries in order to protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Kucukcakan
- Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Safety, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Zehra Hayrulai-Musliu
- Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Safety, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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43
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Bryzgunova O, Laktionov P. Generation of blood circulating DNA: the sources, peculiarities of circulation and structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 61:409-26. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20156104409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular nucleic acids (exNA) were described in blood of both healthy and illness people as early as in 1948, but staied overlooked until middle 60-th. Starting from the beginning of new millennium and mainly in the last 5 years exNA are intensively studied. Main attention is directed to investigation of exNA as the source of diagnostic material whereas the mechanisms of their generation, as well as mechanisms to providing long-term circulation of exNA in the bloodstream are not established unambiguously. According to some authors, the main source of circulating nucleic acids in blood are the processes of apoptosis and necrosis, while others refer to the possible nucleic acid secretion by healthy and tumor cells. Circulating DNA were found to be stable in the blood for a long time, escaping from the action of DNA hydrolyzing enzymes and are apparently packed in different supramolecular complexes. This review presents the opinions of various authors and evidence in favor of all the theories describingappearance of extracellular DNA, the features of the circulation and structure of the extracellular DNA and factors affecting the time of DNA circulation in blood
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Affiliation(s)
- O.E. Bryzgunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - P.P. Laktionov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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44
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Chittmittrapap S, Chieochansin T, Chaiteerakij R, Treeprasertsuk S, Klaikaew N, Tangkijvanich P, Komolmit P, Poovorawan Y. Prevalence of aflatoxin induced p53 mutation at codon 249 (R249s) in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with and without hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:7675-9. [PMID: 24460352 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.12.7675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A missense mutation in exon 7 (R249S) of the p53 tumor suppressor gene is characteristic of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure. AFB1 is believed to have a synergistic effect on hepatitis virus B (HBV) carcinogenesis. However, results of studies comparing R249S prevalence among patients are conflicting. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the R249S mutation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with or without positive HBsAg. MATERIALS AND METHODS Paraffin embedded liver tissues were obtained from 124 HCC patients who underwent liver resection and liver biopsy in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was utilized to detect the R249S mutation. Positive results were confirmed by direct sequencing. RESULTS Sixty four (52%) patients were positive for HBsAg and 18 (15%) were anti-HCV positive. 12 specimens tested positive by RFLP. Ten HCC patients (8.1%) were confirmed to be R249S positive by Sanger sequencing (AGG to AGT). Out of these 10, six were HBsAg positive, and out of the remaining 4, two were anti-HCV positive. The R249S prevalence among HCC patients with positive HBsAg was 9.4% compared to 6.7% for HBsAg negative samples. Patients with the R249S mutation were younger (55±10 vs 60±13 year-old) and tended to have a more advanced Edmonson-Steiner grade of HCC, although differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows moderate prevalence of aflatoxin B1-related p53 mutation (R249S) in HCC with or without HBsAg. HBsAg positive status was not associated with R249S prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salyavit Chittmittrapap
- Liver Disease and Liver Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand E-mail :
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Bryzgunova OE, Laktionov PP. Generation of blood circulating DNAs: Sources, features of struction and circulation. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750814030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Su YH, Lin SY, Song W, Jain S. DNA markers in molecular diagnostics for hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 14:803-17. [PMID: 25098554 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.946908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the world, mainly due to the difficulty of early detection and limited therapeutic options. The implementation of HCC surveillance programs in well-defined, high-risk populations were only able to detect about 40-50% of HCC at curative stages (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stages 0 & 1) due to the low sensitivities of the current screening methods. The advance of sequencing technologies has identified numerous modifications as potential candidate DNA markers for diagnosis/surveillance. Here we aim to provide an overview of the DNA alterations that result in activation of cancer pathways known to potentially drive HCC carcinogenesis and to summarize performance characteristics of each DNA marker in the periphery (blood or urine) for HCC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsiu Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 3805 Old Easton Road, Philadelphia, PA 18902, USA
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Kar P. Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in India. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2014; 4:S34-42. [PMID: 25755609 PMCID: PMC4284237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2014.02.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an important cause of death all over the world, more so in Asia and Africa. The representative data on epidemiology of HCC in India is very scanty and cancer is not a reportable disease in India and the cancer registries in India are mostly urban. 45 million people who are suffering from chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and approximately 15 million people who are afflicted with chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in India. HBV and HCV infection is considered an important etiologic factor in HCC. Positive association between HCC and consumption of alcohol where alcohol contribute as a cofactor for hepatotoxins and hepatitis viruses. Aflatoxin contamination in the diets, Hepatitis B virus infection and liver cirrhosis in Andhra Pradesh, India and direct chronic exposure to aflatoxins was shown to cause liver cirrhosis. Cirrhosis of liver of any cause lead to develop about 70%-90% of HCC. Aflatoxin interact synergistically with Hepatitis B virus (HBV)/Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection which increase the risk of HCC. HBV infection, HBV infection with Aflatoxin exposure, viral infection and alcohol consumption leading to overt cirrhosis of the liver, alcohol consumption leading to cirrhosis of the liver with viral infection are the predominant risk factor for the development of HCC. HCV and alcohol are also associated with HCC in India. Indians develop diabetes at younger age, Asians have strong genetic susceptibility for type II diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is identified as a risk factor for HCC. Prevention of viral infection by universal vaccination against hepatitis virus, HCC surveillance program, preventing alcoholic liver diseases, fungal contamination of grains and ground crops to prevent basically Aflatoxin exposure are important measures to prevent liver diseases and HCC among those at risk.
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Key Words
- AFB1, aflatoxin B1
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- GT, glucose tolerance
- HBV, Hepatitis B virus
- HBsAg, hepatitis-B surface antigen
- HCC
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV, Hepatitis C virus
- IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- RR, relative risk
- aflatoxin
- risk factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Premashis Kar
- Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110002, India
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Li W, Yang F, Gui Y, Bian J. DNA repair gene XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1725-1730. [PMID: 25202399 PMCID: PMC4156170 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The arginine194tryptophan (Arg194Trp) polymorphism in the X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene has been reported to be associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, the results from previous studies are conflicting. The present study aimed to investigate the association between the XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism and the risk of HCC, using a meta-analysis of previously published studies. PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.co.uk/) and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases (http://www.cnki.net/) were systematically searched to identify relevant studies published prior to October 2013. A meta-analysis was performed to examine the association between the Arg194Trp gene polymorphism and the susceptibility to HCC. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. The meta-analysis consisted of six case-control studies that included 1,451 HCC cases and 1,398 healthy controls. Meta-analysis results based on all the studies showed no significant association between the XRCC1 Arg194Trp gene polymorphism and the risk of HCC (Trp/Trp vs. Arg/Arg: OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.89-1.55; Trp/Trp vs. Arg/Trp: OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.59-1.51; dominant model: OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.63-1.49; recessive model: OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.89-1.67). In the subgroup analysis, three studies with sample sizes of >300 produced similar results that indicated that the Arg194Trp gene polymorphism had no association with an increased or decreased risk of HCC. The pooled ORs were not markedly different following the exclusion of two studies deviating from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the control group, which indicated the reliability of the meta-analysis results. In conclusion, the XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism may not be a risk or protective factor for HCC. Further large and well-designed studies are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Li
- Department of Oncology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Integrated Medicine, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Yongxian Gui
- Department of Oncology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Bian
- Department of Oncology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
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Schwartzbord J, Brown DL, Pape JW, Verdier RI, Filbert M, Wang JS. Aflatoxin–Lysine Adducts in Haitian Patients Ingesting Peanut and Maize Products. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2013.816990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Thongbai C, Sa-nguanmoo P, Kranokpiruk P, Poovorawan K, Poovorawan Y, Tangkijvanich P. Hepatitis B virus genetic variation and TP53 R249S mutation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:3555-9. [PMID: 23886144 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.6.3555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of HBV genetic variation and the R249S mutation of the p53 gene, a marker of AFB1-induced HCC, in Thai patients chronically infected with HBV. Sixty-five patients with and 89 patients without HCC were included. Viral mutations and R249S mutation were characterized by direct sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in serum samples, respectively. The prevalences of T1753C/A/G and A1762T/G1764A mutations in the basal core promotor (BCP) region were significantly higher in the HCC group compared to the non-HCC group. R249S mutation was detected in 6.2% and 3.4% of the HCC and non-HCC groups, respectively, which was not significantly different. By multiple logistic regression analysis, the presence of A1762T/G1764A mutations was independently associated with the risk of HCC in Thai patients.
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