1
|
Côrtes L, Basso TR, Villacis RAR, Souza JDS, Jørgensen MMA, Achatz MI, Rogatto SR. Co-Occurrence of Germline Genomic Variants and Copy Number Variations in Hereditary Breast and Colorectal Cancer Patients. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1580. [PMID: 37628631 PMCID: PMC10454294 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease associated with a high risk of developing breast, ovarian, and other malignancies. Lynch syndrome is caused by mutations in mismatch repair genes predisposing to colorectal and endometrial cancers, among others. A rare phenotype overlapping hereditary colorectal and breast cancer syndromes is poorly characterized. Three breast and colorectal cancer unrelated patients fulfilling clinical criteria for HBOC were tested by whole exome sequencing. A family history of colorectal cancer was reported in two patients (cases 2 and 3). Several variants and copy number variations were identified, which potentially contribute to the cancer risk or prognosis. All patients presented copy number imbalances encompassing PMS2 (two deletions and one duplication), a known gene involved in the DNA mismatch repair pathway. Two patients showed gains covering the POLE2 (cases 1 and 3), which is associated with DNA replication. Germline potentially damaging variants were found in PTCH1 (patient 3), MAT1A, and WRN (patient 2). Overall, concurrent genomic alterations were described that may increase the risk of cancer appearance in HBOC patients with breast and colorectal cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Côrtes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100 Vejle, Denmark; (L.C.); (T.R.B.); (M.M.A.J.)
- Tocogynecoly Graduation Program, Botucatu Medical School, University of São Paulo State—UNESP, Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Ramos Basso
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100 Vejle, Denmark; (L.C.); (T.R.B.); (M.M.A.J.)
| | - Rolando André Rios Villacis
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília—UnB, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil;
| | | | - Mads Malik Aagaard Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100 Vejle, Denmark; (L.C.); (T.R.B.); (M.M.A.J.)
| | - Maria Isabel Achatz
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Oncology Branch, Hospital Sirio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-050, SP, Brazil;
| | - Silvia Regina Rogatto
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100 Vejle, Denmark; (L.C.); (T.R.B.); (M.M.A.J.)
- Institute of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Danish Colorectal Cancer Center South, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li L, Liu Y, Gao F, Fan P, Zhan W, Zhang S. Induced PSIG expression by Herbacetin contributes to suppressing the proliferation, migration, and invasion of melanoma cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023:109697. [PMID: 37481197 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a very common malignant tumor with poor prognosis. Herbacetin is a flavonol compound with outstanding anti-tumor effects. Our work investigated the biological effects and mechanism of Herbacetin in melanoma. In our study, the mRNA and protein expressions were assessed using qRT-PCR, Western blot and IHC. MSP was performed to evaluated PGIS promoter methylation level. Cell viability, migration and invasion were examined by MTT assay, transwell migration and invasion assay, respectively. Our results revealed that DNMT3B was markedly upregulated in melanoma, while PGIS was lowly expressed. Herbacetin treatment could not only inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion of melanoma cells and inhibit the growth of melanoma in vivo. Herbacetin could also restore the abnormal expressions of DNMT3B and PGIS in melanoma cells and tumor tissues. PGIS silencing neutralized the inhibitory effects of Herbacetin on the malignant behaviors of melanoma cells. Besides, DNMT3B knockdown promoted PGIS expression via reducing PGIS promoter methylation level in melanoma cells, thereby inhibiting malignant behaviors of melanoma cells. And as expected, the inhibitory effects of Herbacetin on malignant behaviors of melanoma cells were all abolished by DNMT3B overexpression. Collectively, Herbacetin reduced DNMT3B expression to upregulate PGIS in melanoma cells and participated in suppressing the proliferation, migration, and invasion of melanoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Plastic abd Cosmetic Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Plastic abd Cosmetic Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Plastic abd Cosmetic Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Pengfei Fan
- Department of Plastic abd Cosmetic Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Wang Zhan
- Department of Plastic abd Cosmetic Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Nursing Department, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dhital B, Rodriguez-Bravo V. Mechanisms of chromosomal instability (CIN) tolerance in aggressive tumors: surviving the genomic chaos. Chromosome Res 2023; 31:15. [PMID: 37058263 PMCID: PMC10104937 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-023-09724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a pervasive feature of human cancers involved in tumor initiation and progression and which is found elevated in metastatic stages. CIN can provide survival and adaptation advantages to human cancers. However, too much of a good thing may come at a high cost for tumor cells as excessive degree of CIN-induced chromosomal aberrations can be detrimental for cancer cell survival and proliferation. Thus, aggressive tumors adapt to cope with ongoing CIN and most likely develop unique susceptibilities that can be their Achilles' heel. Determining the differences between the tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing effects of CIN at the molecular level has become one of the most exciting and challenging aspects in cancer biology. In this review, we summarized the state of knowledge regarding the mechanisms reported to contribute to the adaptation and perpetuation of aggressive tumor cells carrying CIN. The use of genomics, molecular biology, and imaging techniques is significantly enhancing the understanding of the intricate mechanisms involved in the generation of and adaptation to CIN in experimental models and patients, which were not possible to observe decades ago. The current and future research opportunities provided by these advanced techniques will facilitate the repositioning of CIN exploitation as a feasible therapeutic opportunity and valuable biomarker for several types of human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittiny Dhital
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Thomas Jefferson University Graduate School, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Veronica Rodriguez-Bravo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peng H, Weng L, Lei S, Hou S, Yang S, Li M, Zhao D. Hypoxia-hindered methylation of PTGIS in endometrial stromal cells accelerates endometriosis progression by inducing CD16 - NK-cell differentiation. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:890-905. [PMID: 35781537 PMCID: PMC9356144 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostacyclin (PGI2) plays key roles in shaping the immune microenvironment and modulating vasodilation, whereas its contribution to endometriosis (EMs) remains largely unclear. Our study suggested that prostacyclin synthase (PTGIS)-dependent PGI2 signaling was significantly activated in EMs, which was involved in the hypoxic microenvironment of ectopic lesions and deficient methylation status of the PTGIS promoter. Notably, in vitro assays, hypoxia promoted PTGIS expression through DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)-mediated DNA methylation deficiency in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs); PTGIS overexpression enhanced the adhesive ability of ESCs and led to elevated PGI2 production, and PGI2 triggered CD16− (encoded by FCGR3, Fc fragment of IgG receptor IIIa) natural killer (NK)-cell differentiation through PGI2 receptor (IP, PTGIR) in an ESC/NK-cell coculture system. Our rodent model experiment suggested that treatment with the PGI2 analog iloprost and adoptive transfer of fcgr3 knockout (fcgr3−/−) NK cells aggravated EMs progression and that genetic ablation of ptgis (ptgis−/−) in ectopic lesions and treatment with the PTGIR antagonist RO1138452 partially rescued this outcome. Thus, our findings identified the contribution of PGI2 to EMs progression via enhancement of the adhesive ability of ESCs and inhibition of the activity of NK cells. We hypothesized that PGI2 is a target for EMs intervention and provide a rationale for studying pharmacological PTGIR inhibition and PTGIS genetic depletion therapies as therapeutic strategies for EMs. Inhibiting the activity of a critical enzyme found overexpressed in endometriosis lesions could lead to novel therapeutics. Endometriosis affects around 10 per cent of women of reproductive age globally, yet the condition is poorly understood. Endometriosis lesions are known to be in a hypoxic, or low oxygen, state. Zhao Dong at Tongji University in Shanghai, China, and co-workers used human tissue samples and mouse models to determine the roles of a metabolite called prostacyclin (PGI2) and its catalytic enzyme (prostacyclin synthase, PTGIS) in endometriosis. PTGIS levels were significantly elevated in hypoxic endometrial cells, triggering the overproduction of PGI2. This PTGIS/PGI2 increase enhanced the adhesiveness of the cells, promoting survival of developing lesions. PGI2 overproduction also triggered abnormal differentiation of a specific group of immune cells called natural killer cells, disrupting the body’s immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lichun Weng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shating Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shuhui Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shaoliang Yang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mingqing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Q, Morris RJ, Bode AM, Zhang T. Prostaglandin Pathways: Opportunities for Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Cancer Res 2021; 82:949-965. [PMID: 34949672 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Because of profound effects observed in carcinogenesis, prostaglandins (PGs), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases, and PG receptors are implicated in cancer development and progression. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of PG actions has potential clinical relevance for cancer prevention and therapy. This review focuses on the current status of PG signaling pathways in modulating cancer progression and aims to provide insights into the mechanistic actions of PGs and their receptors in influencing tumor progression. We also examine several small molecules identified as having anticancer activity that target prostaglandin receptors. The literature suggests that targeting PG pathways could provide opportunities for cancer prevention and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Wang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pan XY, Wang L, You HM, Cheng M, Yang Y, Huang C, Li J. Alternative activation of macrophages by prostacyclin synthase ameliorates alcohol induced liver injury. J Transl Med 2021; 101:1210-1224. [PMID: 34112940 PMCID: PMC8367821 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Macrophages exhibit different functional states and are classified as classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. However, the mechanisms that govern M1/M2 polarization in chronic ALD remain to be elucidated. Prostacyclin (PGI2) synthase (PTGIS) is an enzyme of the prostaglandin pathway which catalyzes the conversion of Prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to PGI2. PTGIS has anti-inflammatory properties. However, the function of PTGIS in ALD has not yet been determined. In this study, we demonstrated that PTGIS was downregulated in ALD and forced PTGIS expression in vivo using recombinant adeno-associated viral vector-packed PTGIS overexpression plasmid, which alleviated the inflammatory response and suppressed the macrophage M1 phenotype in mice. Loss- and gain-of function-experiments demonstrated that forced PTGIS expression inhibited the macrophage switch to the M1 phenotype and promoted M2 polarization. Furthermore, we identified the genes regulated by PTGIS through RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses showed that PTGIS regulates many genes involved in the immune response and is enriched in the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signal transduction pathway, which plays an important role in regulating macrophage polarization. The proteins interacting with JAKs were predicted using the STRING database. The overlap between the RNA-seq and the STRING database was interleukin-6; this indicated that it was involved in macrophage polarization regulated by JAK/STAT signaling. We further explored the microRNAs that could regulate the expression of PTGIS through TargetScan. The results of luciferase assay illustrated that the expression of PTGIS was regulated by miR-140-3p.1. These results imply that PTGIS plays a pivotal role in ALD, partly by influencing macrophage polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yin Pan
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong-Mei You
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Miao Cheng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- The key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yarla NS, Madka V, Pathuri G, Rao CV. Molecular Targets in Precision Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer: An Update from Pre-Clinical to Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249609. [PMID: 33348563 PMCID: PMC7765969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. The initiation and progression of CRC is a multi-step process that proceeds via precursor lesions to carcinoma, with each stage characterized by its distinct molecular and tissue microenvironment changes. Precursor lesions of CRC, aberrant crypt foci, and adenoma exhibit drastic changes in genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic profiles compared to normal tissue. The identification of these changes is essential and provides further validation as an initiator or promoter of CRC and, more so, as lesion-specific druggable molecular targets for the precision chemoprevention of CRC. Mutated/dysregulated signaling (adenomatous polyposis coli, β-catenin, epidermal growth factor receptor, V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), tumor protein53, Akt, etc.), inflammatory (cyclooxygenase-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and other pro-inflammatory mediators), and metabolic/growth factor (fatty acid synthase, β-Hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, and ornithine decarboxylase) related targets are some of the well-characterized molecular targets in the precision chemoprevention of CRC. In this review, we discuss precursor-lesion specific targets of CRC and the current status of pre-clinical studies regarding clinical interventions and combinations for better efficacy and safety toward future precision clinical chemoprevention. In addition, we provide a brief discussion on the usefulness of secondary precision chemopreventive targets for tertiary precision chemoprevention to improve the disease-free and overall survival of advanced stage CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra S. Yarla
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (N.S.Y.); (V.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Venkateshwar Madka
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (N.S.Y.); (V.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Gopal Pathuri
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (N.S.Y.); (V.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Chinthalapally V. Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (N.S.Y.); (V.M.); (G.P.)
- VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-405-271-3224; Fax: +1-405-271-3225
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dai D, Chen B, Feng Y, Wang W, Jiang Y, Huang H, Liu J. Prognostic value of prostaglandin I2 synthase and its correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and gastric cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:9658-9685. [PMID: 32463792 PMCID: PMC7288932 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin I2 synthase (PTGIS) is a crucial gene for the synthesis of prostaglandin I2, which has multiple roles in inflammation and immune modulation. However, studies on the prognostic value of PTGIS and its correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in multiple cancers are still rare. RESULTS Multiple datasets of the Oncomine database showed that PTGIS was expressed at low levels in lung cancer and ovarian cancer compared to the levels in normal tissues. Kaplan-Meier plotter showed that high PTGIS was associated with poor overall survival and progression-free survival in lung, ovarian, and gastric cancers. Moreover, PTGIS expression was significantly positively correlated with infiltrating levels of macrophages and was strongly associated with a variety of immune markers, especially tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and T-regulatory cells (Tregs). CONCLUSIONS High expression of PTGIS could promote the infiltration of TAMs and Tregs in the tumor microenvironment and deteriorate outcomes of patients with lung, ovarian, and gastric cancers. These findings suggest that PTGIS could be taken as a potential biomarker of prognosis and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. METHODS PTGIS expression was investigated in different datasets of the Oncomine database, and its expression levels in various tumors and corresponding normal tissues were analyzed by the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). Then, the clinical prognostic value of PTGIS was assessed with online public databases. In addition, we initially explored the correlation between PTGIS and tumor-infiltrating immune cells by TIMER and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danian Dai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanling Feng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Weizhong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yanhui Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kwon OK, Ha YS, Na AY, Chun SY, Kwon TG, Lee JN, Lee S. Identification of Novel Prognosis and Prediction Markers in Advanced Prostate Cancer Tissues Based on Quantitative Proteomics. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 17:195-208. [PMID: 32108042 PMCID: PMC7078833 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent cancer found in males worldwide, and its mortality rate is increasing every year. However, there are no known molecular markers for advanced or aggressive PCa, and there is an urgent clinical need for biomarkers that can be used for prognosis and prediction of PCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mass spectrometry-based proteomics was used to identify new biomarkers in tissues obtained from patients with PCa who were diagnosed with T2, T3, or metastatic PCa in regional lymph nodes. RESULTS Among 1,904 proteins identified in the prostate tissues, 344 differentially expressed proteins were defined, of which 124 were up-regulated and 216 were down-regulated. Subsequently, based on the results of partial least squares discriminant analysis and Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses, we proposed that spermidine synthase (SRM), nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1 (NOLC1), and prostacyclin synthase (PTGIS) represent new protein biomarkers for diagnosis of advanced PCa. These proteomics results were verified by immunoblot assays in metastatic PCa cell lines and by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in prostate specimens. CONCLUSION SRM was significantly increased depending on the cancer stage, confirming the possibility of using SRM as a biomarker for prognosis and prediction of advanced PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oh Kwang Kwon
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sok Ha
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ann-Yae Na
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Chun
- Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Nyung Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
CIRBP is a novel oncogene in human bladder cancer inducing expression of HIF-1α. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1046. [PMID: 30315244 PMCID: PMC6185914 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cold-inducible RNA binding protein (CIRBP) has been reported to be associated with distinct tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of CIRBP in human bladder cancer (BCa), indicating that CIRBP is overexpressed in BCa tissues and cell lines to promote proliferation and migration. Moreover, CIRBP could induce expression of HIF-1α via binding to the 3′-UTR of its mRNA to increase the mRNA stability in BCa cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PTGIS is a HIF-1α targeted gene, a major regulator in hypoxic cancer progression by activating transcription of various oncogenes. Our results also suggested that overexpression of HIF-1α may suppress the expression of PTGIS in BCa cells, by binding to HRE sequence at the promoter region of PTGIS. In addition, we found a strongly downregulation of PTGIS in BCa tissue and transcriptionally inhibited by HIF-1α in BCa cells, which could be triggered by its DNA methylation. Further result suggested that knockdown of CIRBP could promote the expression of PTGIS, meanwhile knockdown of PTGIS could partially rescue CIRBP-deficiency induced inhibition of migration and proliferation in BCa cells. Taken together, our study indicated that CIRBP could be a novel oncogene in human bladder cancer inducing transcription of HIF-1α, which could inhibit expression of methylated PTGIS.
Collapse
|
11
|
Pan XY, Yang Y, Meng HW, Li HD, Chen X, Huang HM, Bu FT, Yu HX, Wang Q, Huang C, Meng XM, Li J. DNA Methylation of PTGIS Enhances Hepatic Stellate Cells Activation and Liver Fibrogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:553. [PMID: 29892223 PMCID: PMC5985735 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a central event in the progression of liver fibrosis. Multiple studies proved that DNA methylation might accelerate HSCs activation. However, the specific pathogenesis of liver fibrosis remains not fully addressed. Our laboratory performed Genome methylation screening to find out the methylated gene in mice with liver fibrosis. The pilot experiments showed that the promoter of prostacyclin synthase (PTGIS) gene was hypermethylated in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mouse model. Moreover, the down-regulated PTGIS expression can be restored by DNMTs-RNAi and 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-azadC), an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase (DNMTs). Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) showed that the methylation status of PTGIS in HSC-T6 cells cultures with TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL) was elevated compared with control group. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay indicated that PTGIS methylation was mainly induced by DNMT1 and DNMT3b. We further investigated the function of PTGIS in liver fibrosis by Recombinant Hepatic-adeno-associated virus (rAAV8)-PTGIS overexpression. The data indicated that overexpression of PTGIS in mouse liver accompanied by elevated apoptosis-related proteins expression in primary HSCs. Conversely, PTGIS silencing mediated by RNAi enhanced the expression of α-SMA and COL1a1 in vitro. Those results illustrated that adding PTGIS expression inhibits the activation of HSCs and alleviates liver fibrosis. Therefore, our study unveils the role of PTGIS in HSCs activation, which may provide a possible explanation for CCl4-mediated liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yin Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong-Wu Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-di Li
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui-Min Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fang-Tian Bu
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Xia Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abdulkhaleq LA, Assi MA, Abdullah R, Zamri-Saad M, Taufiq-Yap YH, Hezmee MNM. The crucial roles of inflammatory mediators in inflammation: A review. Vet World 2018; 11:627-635. [PMID: 29915501 PMCID: PMC5993766 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.627-635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response is a crucial aspect of the tissues' responses to deleterious inflammogens. This complex response involves leukocytes cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, also known as inflammatory cells. In response to the inflammatory process, these cells release specialized substances which include vasoactive amines and peptides, eicosanoids, proinflammatory cytokines, and acute-phase proteins, which mediate the inflammatory process by preventing further tissue damage and ultimately resulting in healing and restoration of tissue function. This review discusses the role of the inflammatory cells as well as their by-products in the mediation of inflammatory process. A brief insight into the role of natural anti-inflammatory agents is also discussed. The significance of this study is to explore further and understand the potential mechanism of inflammatory processes to take full advantage of vast and advanced anti-inflammatory therapies. This review aimed to reemphasize the importance on the knowledge of inflammatory processes with the addition of newest and current issues pertaining to this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Abdulkhaleq
- Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - M. A. Assi
- Department of Community Health, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Iraq
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Rasedee Abdullah
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - M. Zamri-Saad
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Y. H. Taufiq-Yap
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sains, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - M. N. M. Hezmee
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sasaki Y, Ochiai T, Takamura M, Kondo Y, Yokoyama C, Hara S. Role of prostacyclin synthase in carcinogenesis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 133:49-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
14
|
HARA S. Prostaglandin terminal synthases as novel therapeutic targets. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2017; 93:703-723. [PMID: 29129850 PMCID: PMC5743848 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.93.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exert their anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects by reducing prostaglandin (PG) production via the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX). However, the gastrointestinal, renal and cardiovascular side effects associated with the pharmacological inhibition of the COX enzymes have focused renewed attention onto other potential targets for NSAIDs. PGH2, a COX metabolite, is converted to each PG species by species-specific PG terminal synthases. Because of their potential for more selective modulation of PG production, PG terminal synthases are now being investigated as a novel target for NSAIDs. In this review, I summarize the current understanding of PG terminal synthases, with a focus on microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and PGI synthase (PGIS). mPGES-1 and PGIS cooperatively exacerbate inflammatory reactions but have opposing effects on carcinogenesis. mPGES-1 and PGIS are expected to be attractive alternatives to COX as therapeutic targets for several diseases, including inflammatory diseases and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro HARA
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Verstockt B, Cleynen I. Genetic Influences on the Development of Fibrosis in Crohn's Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2016; 3:24. [PMID: 27303667 PMCID: PMC4885006 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2016.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrostenotic strictures are an important complication in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), very often necessitating surgery. This fibrotic process develops in a genetically susceptible individual and is influenced by an interplay with environmental, immunological, and disease-related factors. A deeper understanding of the genetic factors driving this fibrostenotic process might help to unravel the pathogenesis, and ultimately lead to development of new, anti-fibrotic therapy. Here, we review the genetic factors that have been associated with the development of fibrosis in patients with CD, as well as their potential pathophysiological mechanism(s). We also hypothesize on clinical implications, if any, and future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bram Verstockt
- Department of Medicine and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK; Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Cleynen
- Laboratory of Complex Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sadler T, Bhasin JM, Xu Y, Barnholz-Sloan J, Chen Y, Ting AH, Stylianou E. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression defines molecular characteristics of Crohn's disease-associated fibrosis. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:30. [PMID: 26973718 PMCID: PMC4789277 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrosis of the intestine is a common and poorly understood complication of Crohn's disease (CD) characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix and accompanied by narrowing and obstruction of the gut lumen. Defining the molecular characteristics of this fibrotic disorder is a vital step in the development of specific prediction, prevention, and treatment strategies. Previous epigenetic studies indicate that alterations in DNA methylation could explain the mechanism by which mesenchymal cells adopt the requisite pro-fibrotic phenotype that promotes fibrosis progression. However, to date, genome-wide analysis of the DNA methylome of any type of human fibrosis is lacking. We employed an unbiased approach using deep sequencing to define the DNA methylome and transcriptome of purified fibrotic human intestinal fibroblasts (HIF) from the colons of patients with fibrostenotic CD. RESULTS When compared with normal fibroblasts, we found that the majority of differential DNA methylation was within introns and intergenic regions and not associated with CpG islands. Only a low percentage occurred in the promoters and exons of genes. Integration of the DNA methylome and transcriptome identified regions in three genes that inversely correlated with gene expression: wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site family, member 2B (WNT2B) and two eicosanoid synthesis pathway enzymes (prostacyclin synthase and prostaglandin D2 synthase). These findings were independently validated by RT-PCR and bisulfite sequencing. Network analysis of the data also identified candidate molecular interactions relevant to fibrosis pathology. CONCLUSIONS Our definition of a genome-wide fibrosis-specific DNA methylome provides new gene networks and epigenetic states by which to understand mechanisms of pathological gene expression that lead to fibrosis. Our data also provide a basis for development of new fibrosis-specific therapies, as genes dysregulated in fibrotic Crohn's disease, following functional validation, can serve as new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Sadler
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue/NC-22, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Jeffrey M Bhasin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA.,Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/NC-22, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Yaomin Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Jill Barnholz-Sloan
- Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Yanwen Chen
- Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Angela H Ting
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA.,Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/NC-22, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Eleni Stylianou
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue/NC-22, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Diseases Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fedirko V, Bradshaw PT, Figueiredo JC, Sandler RS, Barry EL, Ahnen DJ, Milne GL, Bresalier RS, Baron JA. Urinary metabolites of prostanoids and risk of recurrent colorectal adenomas in the Aspirin/Folate Polyp Prevention Study (AFPPS). Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:1061-8. [PMID: 26304466 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin has been shown to protect against colorectal neoplasms; however, the optimal chemopreventive dose and underlying mechanisms are unclear. We aimed to study the relationship between prostanoid metabolites and aspirin's effect on adenoma occurrence. We used data from the Aspirin/Folate Polyp Prevention Study, in which 1,121 participants with a recent adenoma were randomized to placebo or two doses of aspirin (81 or 325 mg/d) to be taken until the next surveillance colonoscopy, anticipated about 3 years later. Urinary metabolites of prostanoids (PGE-M, PGI-M, and dTxB2) were measured using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry or GC/NICI-MS in 876 participants near the end of treatment follow-up. Poisson regression with a robust error variance was used to calculate relative risks and 95% confidence intervals. PGE-M, PGI-M, and dTxB2 levels were 28%, 37%, and 60% proportionately lower, respectively, in individuals who took 325 mg of aspirin compared with individuals who took placebo (all P < 0.001). Similarly, among individuals who took 81 mg of aspirin, PGE-M, PGI-M, and dTxB2 were, respectively, 18%, 30%, and 57% proportionally lower compared with placebo (all P < 0.005). None of the metabolites or their ratios were statistically significantly associated with the risk of adenoma occurrence. The effect of aspirin in reducing adenoma risk was independent of prostanoid levels. Aspirin use is associated with lower levels of urinary prostanoid metabolites. However, our findings do not support the hypothesis that these metabolites are associated with adenoma occurrence, suggesting that COX-dependent mechanisms may not completely explain the chemopreventive effect of aspirin on colorectal neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Patrick T Bradshaw
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert S Sandler
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth L Barry
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Dennis J Ahnen
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Robert S Bresalier
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medicine and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John A Baron
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Forn M, Díez-Villanueva A, Merlos-Suárez A, Muñoz M, Lois S, Carriò E, Jordà M, Bigas A, Batlle E, Peinado MA. Overlapping DNA methylation dynamics in mouse intestinal cell differentiation and early stages of malignant progression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123263. [PMID: 25933092 PMCID: PMC4416816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of intestinal crypt cell differentiation and tumorigenesis have been used to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying both processes. DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mark and plays an important role in cell identity and differentiation programs and cancer. To get insights into the dynamics of cell differentiation and malignant transformation we have compared the DNA methylation profiles along the mouse small intestine crypt and early stages of tumorigenesis. Genome-scale analysis of DNA methylation together with microarray gene expression have been applied to compare intestinal crypt stem cells (EphB2high), differentiated cells (EphB2negative), ApcMin/+ adenomas and the corresponding non-tumor adjacent tissue, together with small and large intestine samples and the colon cancer cell line CT26. Compared with late stages, small intestine crypt differentiation and early stages of tumorigenesis display few and relatively small changes in DNA methylation. Hypermethylated loci are largely shared by the two processes and affect the proximities of promoter and enhancer regions, with enrichment in genes associated with the intestinal stem cell signature and the PRC2 complex. The hypermethylation is progressive, with minute levels in differentiated cells, as compared with intestinal stem cells, and reaching full methylation in advanced stages. Hypomethylation shows different signatures in differentiation and cancer and is already present in the non-tumor tissue adjacent to the adenomas in ApcMin/+ mice, but at lower levels than advanced cancers. This study provides a reference framework to decipher the mechanisms driving mouse intestinal tumorigenesis and also the human counterpart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Forn
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC) 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Díez-Villanueva
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC) 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Merlos-Suárez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Muñoz
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC) 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Lois
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC) 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elvira Carriò
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC) 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Jordà
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC) 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Bigas
- Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigació Mèdica (IMIM) 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Peinado
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC) 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Teschendorff AE, Li L, Yang Z. Denoising perturbation signatures reveal an actionable AKT-signaling gene module underlying a poor clinical outcome in endocrine-treated ER+ breast cancer. Genome Biol 2015; 16:61. [PMID: 25886003 PMCID: PMC4399757 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-015-0630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Databases of perturbation gene expression signatures and drug sensitivity provide a powerful framework to develop personalized medicine approaches, by helping to identify actionable genomic markers and subgroups of patients who may benefit from targeted treatments. Results Here we use a perturbation expression signature database encompassing perturbations of over 90 cancer genes, in combination with a large breast cancer expression dataset and a novel statistical denoising algorithm, to help discern cancer perturbations driving most of the variation in breast cancer gene expression. Clustering estrogen receptor positive cancers over the perturbation activity scores recapitulates known luminal subtypes. Analysis of individual activity scores enables identification of a novel cancer subtype, defined by a 31-gene AKT-signaling module. Specifically, we show that activation of this module correlates with a poor prognosis in over 900 endocrine-treated breast cancers, a result we validate in two independent cohorts. Importantly, breast cancer cell lines with high activity of the module respond preferentially to PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors, a result we also validate in two independent datasets. We find that at least 34 % of the downregulated AKT module genes are either mediators of apoptosis or have tumor suppressor functions. Conclusions The statistical framework advocated here could be used to identify gene modules that correlate with prognosis and sensitivity to alternative treatments. We propose a randomized clinical trial to test whether the 31-gene AKT module could be used to identify estrogen receptor positive breast cancer patients who may benefit from therapy targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0630-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Teschendorff
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Statistical Cancer Genomics, Paul O'Gorman Building, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Linlin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cebola I, Custodio J, Muñoz M, Díez-Villanueva A, Paré L, Prieto P, Aussó S, Coll-Mulet L, Boscá L, Moreno V, Peinado MA. Epigenetics override pro-inflammatory PTGS transcriptomic signature towards selective hyperactivation of PGE2 in colorectal cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:74. [PMID: 26207152 PMCID: PMC4512023 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misregulation of the PTGS (prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase, also known as cyclooxygenase or COX) pathway may lead to the accumulation of pro-inflammatory signals, which constitutes a hallmark of cancer. To get insight into the role of this signaling pathway in colorectal cancer (CRC), we have characterized the transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes of the PTGS pathway genes in normal and cancer cells. RESULTS Data from four independent series of CRC patients (502 tumors including adenomas and carcinomas and 222 adjacent normal tissues) and two series of colon mucosae from 69 healthy donors have been included in the study. Gene expression was analyzed by real-time PCR and Affymetrix U219 arrays. DNA methylation was analyzed by bisulfite sequencing, dissociation curves, and HumanMethylation450K arrays. Most CRC patients show selective transcriptional deregulation of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of prostanoids and their receptors in both tumor and its adjacent mucosa. DNA methylation alterations exclusively affect the tumor tissue (both adenomas and carcinomas), redirecting the transcriptional deregulation to activation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) function and blockade of other biologically active prostaglandins. In particular, PTGIS, PTGER3, PTGFR, and AKR1B1 were hypermethylated in more than 40 % of all analyzed tumors. CONCLUSIONS The transcriptional and epigenetic profiling of the PTGS pathway provides important clues on the biology of the tumor and its microenvironment. This analysis renders candidate markers with potential clinical applicability in risk assessment and early diagnosis and for the design of new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Cebola
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC, Ctra Can Ruti, Cami de les Escoles, Badalona, 08916 Spain
- Current address: Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Joaquin Custodio
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC, Ctra Can Ruti, Cami de les Escoles, Badalona, 08916 Spain
- Current address: Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mar Muñoz
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC, Ctra Can Ruti, Cami de les Escoles, Badalona, 08916 Spain
| | - Anna Díez-Villanueva
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC, Ctra Can Ruti, Cami de les Escoles, Badalona, 08916 Spain
| | - Laia Paré
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), IDIBELL and CIBERESP, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
| | - Patricia Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susanna Aussó
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), IDIBELL and CIBERESP, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
| | - Llorenç Coll-Mulet
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC, Ctra Can Ruti, Cami de les Escoles, Badalona, 08916 Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), IDIBELL and CIBERESP, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Peinado
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC, Ctra Can Ruti, Cami de les Escoles, Badalona, 08916 Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Epigenetic deregulation of the COX pathway in cancer. Prog Lipid Res 2012; 51:301-13. [PMID: 22580191 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a major cause of cancer and may condition its progression. The deregulation of the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway is implicated in several pathophysiological processes, including inflammation and cancer. Although, its targeting with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and COX-2 selective inhibitors has been investigated for years with promising results at both preventive and therapeutic levels, undesirable side effects and the limited understanding of the regulation and functionalities of the COX pathway compromise a more extensive application of these drugs. Epigenetics is bringing additional levels of complexity to the understanding of basic biological and pathological processes. The deregulation of signaling and biosynthetic pathways by epigenetic mechanisms may account for new molecular targets in cancer therapeutics. Genes of the COX pathway are seldom mutated in neoplastic cells, but a large proportion of them show aberrant expression in different types of cancer. A growing body of evidence indicates that epigenetic alterations play a critical role in the deregulation of the genes of the COX pathway. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the contribution of epigenetic processes to the deregulation of the COX pathway in cancer, getting insights into how these alterations may be relevant for the clinical management of patients.
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) play important roles in the normal physiology and in pathological states including inflammation and cancer. While much is known about the biosynthesis and biological activities of eicosanoids derived from ω6 PUFA, our understanding of the corresponding ω3 series lipid mediators is still rudimentary. The purpose of this review is not to offer a comprehensive summary of the literature on fatty acids in prostate cancer but rather to highlight some of the areas where key questions remain to be addressed. These include substrate preference and polymorphic variants of enzymes involved in the metabolism of PUFA, the relationship between de novo lipid synthesis and dietary lipid metabolism pathways, the contribution of cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases as well as terminal synthases and prostanoid receptors in prostate cancer, and the potential role of PUFA in angiogenesis and cell surface receptor signaling.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Cancer initiation and progression are multistep events that require cell proliferation, migration, extravasation to the blood or lymphatic vessels, arrest to the metastatic site, and ultimately secondary growth. Tumor cell functions at both primary or secondary sites are controlled by many different factors, including growth factors and their receptors, chemokines, nuclear receptors, cell-cell interactions, cell-matrix interactions, as well as oxygenated metabolites of arachidonic acid. The observation that cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases and their arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoid products (prostanoids and HETEs) are expressed and produced by tumor cells, together with the finding that these enzymes can regulate cell growth, survival, migration, and invasion, has prompted investigators to analyze the roles of these enzymes in cancer progression. In this review, we focus on the contribution of cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoids to tumor cell function in vitro and in vivo and discuss hope and tribulations of targeting these enzymes for cancer prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claus Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Eicosanoid signalling pathways in the development and progression of colorectal cancer: novel approaches for prevention/intervention. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2012; 30:363-85. [PMID: 22134655 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-011-9324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid metabolism through cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P-450 epoxygenase (EPOX) pathways leads to the generation of biologically active eicosanoids, including prostanoids, leukotrienes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, epoxyeicosatrienoic acid and hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acids. Eicosanoid expression levels vary during tumor development and progression of a range of malignancies, including colorectal cancer. The actions of these autocoids are also directly influenced by diet, as demonstrated by recent evidence for omega-3 fatty acids in colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention and/or treatment. Eicosanoids regulate CRC development and progression, while inhibition of these pathways has generally been shown to inhibit tumor growth/progression. A progressive sequence of colorectal cancer development has been identified, ranging from normal colon, to colitis, dysplasia, and carcinoma. While both COX and LOX inhibition are both promising candidates for colorectal cancer prevention and/or treatment, there is an urgent need to understand the mechanisms through which these signalling pathways mediate their effects on tumorigenesis. This will allow identification of safer, more effective strategies for colorectal cancer prevention and/or treatment. In particular, binding to/signalling through prostanoid receptors have recently been the subject of considerable interest in this area. In this review, we discuss the role of the eicosanoid signalling pathways in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. We discuss the effects of the eicosanoids on tumor cell proliferation, their roles in cell death induction, effects on angiogenesis, migration, invasion and their regulation of the immune response. Signal transduction pathways involved in these processes are also discussed. Finally, novel approaches targeting these arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids (using pharmacological or natural agents) for chemoprevention and/or treatment of colorectal cancer are outlined.
Collapse
|
25
|
Lichao S, Liang P, Chunguang G, Fang L, Zhihua Y, Yuliang R. Overexpression of PTGIS could predict liver metastasis and is correlated with poor prognosis in colon cancer patients. Pathol Oncol Res 2011; 18:563-9. [PMID: 22109564 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-011-9478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive ability of PTGIS for liver metastasis. Protein expression of PTGIS was analyzed on tissue microarray consisting of 117 CRC cases with liver metastasis (M1) and 104 cases of CRC without liver metastasis at least 5 years after resection of primary CRC (M0) by immunohistochemistry. Expression of PTGIS in 147 of 221 of primary lesions exhibited positive staining. Moreover, the PTGIS expression was significantly higher in CRC-M1 than CRC-M0 group. More importantly, the 87% (20/23) heterochronous metastatic cases showed positive staining for PTGIS. Collecting the primary and liver metastatic tumor samples from the same colon cancer patients, we tested the expression of PTGIS and revealed that the expression level of PTGIS in the hepatic metastases was noticeably higher than in the matched primary colon cancer tissues from the same patient in 9 out of 16 cases examined. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the expression of PTGIS and lymph node involvement were risk factors in colon cancer liver metastasis independent of the other variables. In leave-one-out validation model, the combination of PTGIS and lymph node involvement yielded the 89.7% satisfactory sensitivity and 83% specificity for detection of hepatic metastasis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed a correlation between higher PTGIS expression levels and shorter overall survival times. In conclusion, our results suggest that PTGIS combined with lymph node involvement may be used as accurate predictors of liver metastasis in colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Lichao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cathcart MC, Gray SG, Baird AM, Boyle E, Gately K, Kay E, Cummins R, Pidgeon GP, O'Byrne KJ. Prostacyclin synthase expression and epigenetic regulation in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer 2011; 117:5121-32. [PMID: 21523772 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostacyclin synthase (PGIS) metabolizes prostaglandin H(2), into prostacyclin. This study aimed to determine the expression profile of PGIS in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and examine potential mechanisms involved in PGIS regulation. METHODS PGIS expression was examined in human NSCLC and matched controls by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western analysis, and immunohistochemistry. A 204-patient NSCLC tissue microarray was stained for PGIS and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression. Staining intensity was correlated with clinical parameters. Epigenetic mechanisms underpinning PGIS promoter expression were examined using RT-PCR, methylation-specific PCR, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. RESULTS PGIS expression was reduced/absent in human NSCLC protein samples (P < .0001), but not mRNA relative to matched controls. PGIS tissue expression was higher in squamous cell carcinoma (P = .004) and in male patients (P < .05). No significant correlation of PGIS or COX2 expression with overall patient survival was observed, although COX2 was prognostic for short-term (2-year) survival (P < .001). PGIS mRNA expression was regulated by DNA CpG methylation and histone acetylation in NSCLC cell lines, with chromatin remodeling taking place directly at the PGIS gene. PGIS mRNA expression was increased by both demethylation agents and histone deacetylase inhibitors. Protein levels were unaffected by demethylation agents, whereas PGIS protein stability was negatively affected by histone deacetylase inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS PGIS protein expression is reduced in NSCLC, and does not correlate with overall patient survival. PGIS expression is regulated through epigenetic mechanisms. Differences in expression patterns between mRNA and protein levels suggest that PGIS expression and protein stability are regulated post-translationally. PGIS protein stability may have an important therapeutic role in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Clare Cathcart
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Beneficial vasoactive endothelial effects of fluvastatin: focus on prostacyclin and nitric oxide. Heart Vessels 2011; 26:628-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-010-0097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
28
|
Bapat SA, Krishnan A, Ghanate AD, Kusumbe AP, Kalra RS. Gene expression: protein interaction systems network modeling identifies transformation-associated molecules and pathways in ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 2010; 70:4809-19. [PMID: 20530682 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple, dissimilar genetic defects in cancers of the same origin contribute to heterogeneity in tumor phenotypes and therapeutic responses of patients, yet the associated molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show at the systems level that serous ovarian carcinoma is marked by the activation of interconnected modules associated with a specific gene set that was derived from three independent tumor-specific gene expression data sets. Network prediction algorithms combined with preestablished protein interaction networks and known functionalities affirmed the importance of genes associated with ovarian cancer as predictive biomarkers, besides "discovering" novel ones purely on the basis of interconnectivity, whose precise involvement remains to be investigated. Copy number alterations and aberrant epigenetic regulation were identified and validated as significant influences on gene expression. More importantly, three functional modules centering on c-Myc activation, altered retinoblastoma signaling, and p53/cell cycle/DNA damage repair pathways have been identified for their involvement in transformation-associated events. Further studies will assign significance to and aid the design of a panel of specific markers predictive of individual- and tumor-specific pathways. In the parlance of this emerging field, such networks of gene-hub interactions may define personalized therapeutic decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila A Bapat
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex and Institute of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Pune University, Pune, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) arises as a consequence of the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in colonic epithelial cells during neoplastic transformation. Epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation in selected gene promoters, are recognized as common molecular alterations in human tumors. Substantial efforts have been made to determine the cause and role of aberrant DNA methylation ("epigenomic instability") in colon carcinogenesis. In the colon, aberrant DNA methylation arises in tumor-adjacent, normal-appearing mucosa. Aberrant methylation also contributes to later stages of colon carcinogenesis through simultaneous methylation in key specific genes that alter specific oncogenic pathways. Hypermethylation of several gene clusters has been termed CpG island methylator phenotype and appears to define a subgroup of colon cancer distinctly characterized by pathological, clinical, and molecular features. DNA methylation of multiple promoters may serve as a biomarker for early detection in stool and blood DNA and as a tool for monitoring patients with CRC. DNA methylation patterns may also be predictors of metastatic or aggressive CRC. Therefore, the aim of this review is to understand DNA methylation as a driving force in colorectal neoplasia and its emerging value as a molecular marker in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Sook Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II-5M, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hahn MA, Hahn T, Lee DH, Esworthy RS, Kim BW, Riggs AD, Chu FF, Pfeifer GP. Methylation of polycomb target genes in intestinal cancer is mediated by inflammation. Cancer Res 2009; 68:10280-9. [PMID: 19074896 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic changes are strongly associated with cancer development. DNA hypermethylation is associated with gene silencing and is often observed in CpG islands. Recently, it was suggested that aberrant CpG island methylation in tumors is directed by Polycomb (PcG) proteins. However, specific mechanisms responsible for methylation of PcG target genes in cancer are not known. Chronic infection and inflammation contribute to up to 25% of all cancers worldwide. Using glutathione peroxidase, Gpx1 and Gpx2, double knockout (Gpx1/2-KO) mice as a model of inflammatory bowel disease predisposing to intestinal cancer, we analyzed genome-wide DNA methylation in the mouse ileum during chronic inflammation, aging, and cancer. We found that inflammation leads to aberrant DNA methylation in PcG target genes, with 70% of the approximately 250 genes methylated in the inflamed tissue being PcG targets in embryonic stem cells and 59% of the methylated genes being marked by H3K27 trimethylation in the ileum of adult wild-type mice. Acquisition of DNA methylation at CpG islands in the ileum of Gpx1/2-KO mice frequently correlates with loss of H3K27 trimethylation at the same loci. Inflammation-associated DNA methylation occurs preferentially in tissue-specific silent genes and, importantly, is much more frequently represented in tumors than is age-dependent DNA methylation. Sixty percent of aberrant methylation found in tumors is also present in the inflamed tissue. In summary, inflammation creates a signature of aberrant DNA methylation, which is observed later in the malignant tissue and is directed by the PcG complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Hahn
- Division of Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jordà M, Rodríguez J, Frigola J, Peinado MA. Analysis of DNA methylation by amplification of intermethylated sites (AIMS). Methods Mol Biol 2009; 507:107-16. [PMID: 18987810 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-522-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that plays a crucial role in the control of gene expression and chromosome structure in plants and mammalian cells. Multiple types of DNA fingerprinting techniques have been developed and applied to investigate DNA methylation profiles in different experimental settings. One of these techniques, the amplification of intermethylated sites (AIMS) is a simple approach appropriate for genome-wide estimates of DNA methylation and the discovery of specific methylated sequences. AIMS is based on the differential enzymatic digestion of genomic DNA with methylation-sensitive and methylation-insensitive isoschizomers followed by restrained PCR amplification of methylated sequences. This method is appropriate to compare large series of samples and the simultaneous identification of hypo- and hypermethylation events. Applications of AIMS include the study of DNA methylation changes in cancer and aging, and the discovery of DNA methylation in a social insect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Jordà
- Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer(IMPPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Freedman RS, Wang E, Voiculescu S, Patenia R, Bassett RL, Deavers M, Marincola FM, Yang P, Newman RA. Comparative analysis of peritoneum and tumor eicosanoids and pathways in advanced ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:5736-44. [PMID: 17908963 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the eicosanoid profile and differentially expressed eicosanoid and arachidonic acid pathway genes in tissues from patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We first employed electrospray tandem mass spectrometry to determine tissue-specific concentrations of the eicosanoids prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), the hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (12-HETE and 5-HETE), and leukotriene (LTB4), selected for tumor growth potential, and two other bioactive lipids (15-HETE and 13-HODE) with tumor cell proliferation interference potential. The cellular location of eicosanoid activity was identified by immunofluorescence antibody costaining and confocal microscopy. Differential analysis of eicosanoid and arachidonic pathway genes was done using a previously validated cDNA microarray platform. Tissues used included EOC tumor, tumor-free malignant peritoneum (MP), and benign peritoneum (BP) from patients with benign pelvic disease. RESULTS (a) Eicosanoid products were detected in tumor, MP, and BP specimens. PGE2 levels were significantly elevated in tumors in an overall comparison with MP or BP (P < 0.001). Combined levels of PGE2, 12-HETE, 5-HETE, and LTB4 increased progressively from low to high concentrations in BP, MP, and tumors (P = 0.012). Neither 15-HETE nor 13-HODE showed a significant opposite trend toward levels found in BP. (b) Tissue specimens representing common EOC histotypes showed strong coexpressions of cyclooxygenases (COX-1) and prostaglandin E synthases (PGES-1) on tumor cells, whereas intratumoral or peritumoral MO/MA coexpressed COX-1 and COX-2 and PGES-1 and PGES-2, respectively. (c) cDNA microarray analysis of MP, BP, and tumor showed that a number of eicosanoid and arachidonic acid pathway genes were differentially expressed in MP and BP compared with tumor, except for CYP2J2, which was increased in tumors. CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of eicosanoid metabolites in tumors and differential expression of eicosanoid and arachidonic acid pathway genes in the peritoneum support the involvement of bioactive lipids in the inflammatory tumor environment of EOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph S Freedman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rodriguez J, Frigola J, Vendrell E, Risques RA, Fraga MF, Morales C, Moreno V, Esteller M, Capellà G, Ribas M, Peinado MA. Chromosomal instability correlates with genome-wide DNA demethylation in human primary colorectal cancers. Cancer Res 2007; 66:8462-9468. [PMID: 16951157 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DNA hypomethylation is a common trait of colorectal cancer. Studies in tumor cell lines and animal models indicate that genome-wide demethylation may cause genetic instability and hence facilitate or accelerate tumor progression. Recent studies have shown that DNA hypomethylation precedes genomic damage in human gastrointestinal cancer, but the nature of this damage has not been clearly established. Here, we show a thorough analysis of DNA methylation and genetic alterations in two series of colorectal carcinomas. The extent of DNA demethylation but not of hypermethylation (both analyzed by amplification of intermethylated sites in near 200 independent sequences arbitrarily selected) correlated with the cumulated genomic damage assessed by two different techniques (arbitrarily primed PCR and comparative genomic hybridization). DNA hypomethylation-related instability was mainly of chromosomal nature and could be explained by a genome-wide effect rather than by the concurrence of the most prevalent genetic and epigenetic alterations. Moreover, the association of p53 mutations with genomic instability was secondary to DNA hypomethylation and the correlation between DNA hypomethylation and genomic instability was observed in tumors with and without mutation in the p53 gene. Our data support a direct link between genome-wide demethylation and chromosomal instability in human colorectal carcinogenesis and are consistent with the studies in model systems demonstrating a role of DNA demethylation in inducing chromosomal instability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jairo Rodriguez
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Stearman RS, Grady MC, Nana-Sinkam P, Varella-Garcia M, Geraci MW. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of the human prostacyclin synthase promoter in lung cancer cell lines. Mol Cancer Res 2007; 5:295-308. [PMID: 17374734 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-06-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the arachidonic acid pathway has been established in colon and lung cancers, as well as in inflammatory diseases. In these diseases, prostacyclin I(2) (PGI2) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE2) are thought to have antagonistic activities, with PGI2 exerting anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities, whereas PGE2 is proinflammatory and antiapoptotic. In human lung cancer, prostacyclin synthase (PGIS) and PGI2 are down-regulated, whereas PGE2 synthase (PGES) and PGE2 are up-regulated. Murine carcinogenesis models of human lung cancer reciprocate the relationship between PGIS and PGES expression. PGIS-overexpressing transgenic mice are protected from carcinogen- and tobacco smoke-induced lung tumor formation, suggesting that PGI2 may play a role in chemoprevention. We investigated several potential mechanisms for the down-regulation of PGIS in human lung cancer. Using transcription reporter assays, we show that single nucleotide polymorphisms in the PGIS promoter can affect transcriptional activity. In addition, PGIS expression in several human lung cancer cell lines is silenced by CpG methylation, and we have mapped these sites across the variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) sequence in the promoter, as well as CpGs within exon 1 and the first intron. Finally, using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we show that human lung cancer cell lines and lung cancer tissues do not have a loss of the PGIS genomic region but multiple copies. These results show that an individual's PGIS promoter haplotype can play an important role in the predisposition for lung cancer and CpG methylation provides an epigenetic mechanism for the down-regulated PGIS expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Stearman
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Division, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dietrich N, Bracken AP, Trinh E, Schjerling CK, Koseki H, Rappsilber J, Helin K, Hansen KH. Bypass of senescence by the polycomb group protein CBX8 through direct binding to the INK4A-ARF locus. EMBO J 2007; 26:1637-48. [PMID: 17332741 PMCID: PMC1829390 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are essential for embryogenesis, and their expression is often found deregulated in human cancer. The PcGs form two major protein complexes, called polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2) whose function is to maintain transcriptional repression. Here, we demonstrate that the chromodomain-containing protein, CBX8, which is part of one of the PRC1 complexes, regulates proliferation of diploid human and mouse fibroblasts through direct binding to the INK4A-ARF locus. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CBX8 is limiting for the regulation of INK4A-ARF, and that ectopic expression of CBX8 leads to repression of the Ink4a-Arf locus and bypass of senescence, leading to cellular immortalization. Gene expression and location analysis demonstrate that besides the INK4A-ARF locus, CBX8 also regulates a number of other genes important for cell growth and survival. On the basis of these results, we conclude that CBX8 is an essential component of one of the PRC1 complexes, which directly regulate the expression of numerous target genes, including the INK4A-ARF locus, involved in cell-fate decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Dietrich
- Centre for Epigenetics and Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adrian P Bracken
- Centre for Epigenetics and Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emmanuelle Trinh
- Centre for Epigenetics and Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte K Schjerling
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Kristian Helin
- Centre for Epigenetics and Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Epigenetics, Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. Tel.: +45 3532 5666; Fax: +45 3532 5669; E-mail:
| | - Klaus H Hansen
- Centre for Epigenetics and Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Tel.: +45 3532 5664; Fax: +45 3532 5669; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Current World Literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2007; 19:65-9. [PMID: 17133115 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e328012d5fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
37
|
Poole EM, Bigler J, Whitton J, Sibert JG, Potter JD, Ulrich CM. Prostacyclin Synthase and Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase Polymorphisms and Risk of Colorectal Polyps. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:502-8. [PMID: 16537708 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-05-0804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostacyclin synthase (PGIS) and arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) are enzymes relevant to prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis, both important pathways for colon cancer risk. We hypothesized that genetic variation altering the function of these enzymes would modify risk of colorectal polyps. In a Minnesota-based case-control study of adenomatous (n = 517) or hyperplastic (n = 192) polyps versus polyp-free controls (n = 618), we investigated the role of promoter repeat polymorphisms in PGIS and ALOX5 as well as ALOX5 -1700 G>A. Having fewer than six repeats on both PGIS alleles (<6R/<6R) was associated with an increased risk of adenomas compared with the 6R/6R (wild-type) genotype (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.09-3.30). Having more repeats (>6R/> or =6R) reduced risk (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.40-1.35; P(trend) = 0.03). In allele-based analyses, fewer repeats were associated with a modestly increased risk of adenomas and perhaps hyperplastic polyps. There were no risk differences for either the ALOX5 VNTR or -1700 G>A polymorphisms. Associations with regular use of aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) differed by PGIS genotype. Among individuals with at least one wild-type allele, NSAID use was associated with a decreased risk; however, those with fewer PGIS repeats (<6R/<6R) did not benefit (P(interaction) = 0.06). There was also evidence of an interaction between the COX-2 -765 G>C and ALOX5 -1700 G>A genotypes (P(interaction) = 0.07). The PGIS promoter polymorphism may affect risk of colorectal polyps and modify the effects of NSAID use on polyp risk. A more comprehensive investigation of genetic variability in prostaglandin synthesis in relation to risk of colorectal neoplasia and NSAID pharmacogenetics is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Poole
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, M4-B402, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|