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Ding B, Mao Y, Li Y, Xin M, Jiang S, Hu X, Xu Q, Ding Q, Wang X. A novel GATA1 variant p.G229D causing the defect of procoagulant platelet formation. Thromb Res 2024; 234:39-50. [PMID: 38159323 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GATA1 is one of the master transcription factors in hematopoietic lineages development which is crucial for megakaryocytic differentiation and maturation. Previous studies have shown that distinct GATA1 variants are associated with varying severities of macrothrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction. OBJECTIVE To determine the underlying pathological mechanisms of a novel GATA1 variant (c. 686G > A, p. G229D) in a patient with recurrent traumatic muscle hematomas. METHODS Comprehensive phenotypic analysis of the patient platelets was performed. Procoagulant platelet formation and function were detected using flow cytometry assay and thrombin generation test (TGT), respectively. The ANO6 expression was measured by qPCR and western blot. The intracellular supramaximal calcium flux was detected by Fluo-5N fluorescent assay. RESULTS The patient displayed mild macrothrombocytopenia with defects of platelet granules, aggregation, and integrin αIIbβ3 activation. The percentage of the procoagulant platelet formation of the patient upon the stimulation of thrombin plus collagen was lower than that of the healthy controls (40.9 % vs 49.0 % ± 5.1 %). The patient platelets exhibited a marked reduction of thrombin generation in platelet rich plasma TGT compared to the healthy controls (peak value: ∼70 % of the healthy controls; the endogenous thrombin potential: ∼40 % of the healthy controls). The expression of ANO6 and intracellular calcium flux were impaired, which together with abnormal granules of the patient platelets might contribute to defect of procoagulant platelet function. CONCLUSIONS The G229D variant could lead to a novel platelet phenotype characterized by defective procoagulant platelet formation and function, which extended the range of GATA1 variants associated platelet disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biying Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinqi Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shifeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Center for Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiulan Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Dancik GM, Varisli L, Tolan V, Vlahopoulos S. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Genes as Prospective Actionable Targets in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1807. [PMID: 37761947 PMCID: PMC10531322 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been previously shown that the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) family member ALDH1A1 has a significant association with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient risk group classification and that AML cells lacking ALDH1A1 expression can be readily killed via chemotherapy. In the past, however, a redundancy between the activities of subgroup members of the ALDH family has hampered the search for conclusive evidence to address the role of specific ALDH genes. Here, we describe the bioinformatics evaluation of all nineteen member genes of the ALDH family as prospective actionable targets for the development of methods aimed to improve AML treatment. We implicate ALDH1A1 in the development of recurrent AML, and we show that from the nineteen members of the ALDH family, ALDH1A1 and ALDH2 have the strongest association with AML patient risk group classification. Furthermore, we discover that the sum of the expression values for RNA from the genes, ALDH1A1 and ALDH2, has a stronger association with AML patient risk group classification and survival than either one gene alone does. In conclusion, we identify ALDH1A1 and ALDH2 as prospective actionable targets for the treatment of AML in high-risk patients. Substances that inhibit both enzymatic activities constitute potentially effective pharmaceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett M. Dancik
- Department of Computer Science, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT 06226, USA
| | - Lokman Varisli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey; (L.V.); (V.T.)
| | - Veysel Tolan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey; (L.V.); (V.T.)
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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3
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Wang L, Trasanidis N, Wu T, Dong G, Hu M, Bauer DE, Pinello L. Dictys: dynamic gene regulatory network dissects developmental continuum with single-cell multiomics. Nat Methods 2023; 20:1368-1378. [PMID: 37537351 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) are key determinants of cell function and identity and are dynamically rewired during development and disease. Despite decades of advancement, challenges remain in GRN inference, including dynamic rewiring, causal inference, feedback loop modeling and context specificity. To address these challenges, we develop Dictys, a dynamic GRN inference and analysis method that leverages multiomic single-cell assays of chromatin accessibility and gene expression, context-specific transcription factor footprinting, stochastic process network and efficient probabilistic modeling of single-cell RNA-sequencing read counts. Dictys improves GRN reconstruction accuracy and reproducibility and enables the inference and comparative analysis of context-specific and dynamic GRNs across developmental contexts. Dictys' network analyses recover unique insights in human blood and mouse skin development with cell-type-specific and dynamic GRNs. Its dynamic network visualizations enable time-resolved discovery and investigation of developmental driver transcription factors and their regulated targets. Dictys is available as a free, open-source and user-friendly Python package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Wang
- Molecular Pathology Unit and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gene Regulation Observatory, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nikolaos Trasanidis
- Molecular Pathology Unit and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ting Wu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guanlan Dong
- Molecular Pathology Unit and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Hu
- Molecular Pathology Unit and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel E Bauer
- Gene Regulation Observatory, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luca Pinello
- Molecular Pathology Unit and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Gene Regulation Observatory, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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4
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Song S, Lin Z, Zhao C, Wen J, Chen J, Xie S, Qi H, Wang J, Su X. Vagal-mAChR4 signaling promotes Friend virus complex (FV)-induced acute erythroleukemia. Virol Sin 2023:S1995-820X(23)00053-6. [PMID: 37172825 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythroleukemia belongs to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) type 6 (M6), and treatment remains difficult due to the poor prognosis of the disease. Friend virus (FV) is a complex of two viruses: Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) strain along with a defective spleen focus forming virus (SFFV), which can induce acute erythroleukemia in mice. We have previously reported that activation of vagal α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) signaling promotes HIV-1 transcription. Whether vagal muscarinic signaling mediates FV-induced erythroleukemia and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, sham and vagotomized mice were intraperitoneally injected with FV. FV infection caused anemia in sham mice, and vagotomy reversed this change. FV infection increased erythroblasts ProE, EryA, and EryB cells in the spleen, and these changes were blocked by vagotomy. In bone marrow, FV infection reduced EryC cells in sham mice, an effect that was counteracted by vagotomy. FV infection increased choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) expression in splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and this change was reversed by vagotomy. Furthermore, the increase of EryA and EryB cells in spleen of FV-infected wild-type mice was reversed after deletion of ChAT in CD4+ T cells. In bone marrow, FV infection reduced EryB and EryC cells in sham mice, whereas lack of ChAT in CD4+ T cells did not affect this change. Activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 4 (mAChR4) by clozapine N-oxide (CNO) significantly increased EryB in the spleen but decreased the EryC cell population in the bone marrow of FV-infected mice. Thus, vagal-mAChR4 signaling in the spleen and bone marrow synergistically promotes the pathogenesis of acute erythroleukemia. We uncover an unrecognized mechanism of neuromodulation in erythroleukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Song
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Zhekai Lin
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Caiqi Zhao
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Shitao Xie
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Huaxin Qi
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Xiao Su
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Kuusanmäki H, Dufva O, Vähä-Koskela M, Leppä AM, Huuhtanen J, Vänttinen I, Nygren P, Klievink J, Bouhlal J, Pölönen P, Zhang Q, Adnan-Awad S, Mancebo-Pérez C, Saad J, Miettinen J, Javarappa KK, Aakko S, Ruokoranta T, Eldfors S, Heinäniemi M, Theilgaard-Mönch K, Wartiovaara-Kautto U, Keränen M, Porkka K, Konopleva M, Wennerberg K, Kontro M, Heckman CA, Mustjoki S. Erythroid/megakaryocytic differentiation confers BCL-XL dependency and venetoclax resistance in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2023; 141:1610-1625. [PMID: 36508699 PMCID: PMC10651789 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid neoplasms with erythroid or megakaryocytic differentiation include pure erythroid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome with erythroid features, and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (FAB M7) and are characterized by poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Here, we investigate the drug sensitivity landscape of these rare malignancies. We show that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells with erythroid or megakaryocytic differentiation depend on the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma (BCL)-XL, rather than BCL-2, using combined ex vivo drug sensitivity testing, genetic perturbation, and transcriptomic profiling. High-throughput screening of >500 compounds identified the BCL-XL-selective inhibitor A-1331852 and navitoclax as highly effective against erythroid/megakaryoblastic leukemia cell lines. In contrast, these AML subtypes were resistant to the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax, which is used clinically in the treatment of AML. Consistently, genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 and RNAi screening data demonstrated the striking essentiality of BCL-XL-encoding BCL2L1 but not BCL2 or MCL1, for the survival of erythroid/megakaryoblastic leukemia cell lines. Single-cell and bulk transcriptomics of patient samples with erythroid and megakaryoblastic leukemias identified high BCL2L1 expression compared with other subtypes of AML and other hematological malignancies, where BCL2 and MCL1 were more prominent. BCL-XL inhibition effectively killed blasts in samples from patients with AML with erythroid or megakaryocytic differentiation ex vivo and reduced tumor burden in a mouse erythroleukemia xenograft model. Combining the BCL-XL inhibitor with the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib showed synergistic and durable responses in cell lines. Our results suggest targeting BCL-XL as a potential therapy option in erythroid/megakaryoblastic leukemias and highlight an AML subgroup with potentially reduced sensitivity to venetoclax-based treatments.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- Humans
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/therapeutic use
- bcl-X Protein/genetics
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell
- Cell Differentiation
- Apoptosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikki Kuusanmäki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Dufva
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Vähä-Koskela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aino-Maija Leppä
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jani Huuhtanen
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ida Vänttinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petra Nygren
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jay Klievink
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonas Bouhlal
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Pölönen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Shady Adnan-Awad
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cristina Mancebo-Pérez
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joseph Saad
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juho Miettinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Komal K. Javarappa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofia Aakko
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tanja Ruokoranta
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuli Eldfors
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Merja Heinäniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kim Theilgaard-Mönch
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Hematology and Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Wartiovaara-Kautto
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Keränen
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Porkka
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mika Kontro
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline A. Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
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Li D, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Li X, Chen X, Yin Y, Hu J, Li J, Guo M, Wang X. What Should Be Responsible for Eryptosis in Chronic Kidney Disease? Kidney Blood Press Res 2022; 47:375-390. [PMID: 35114677 DOI: 10.1159/000522133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal anemia is an important complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In addition to insufficient secretion of erythropoietin (EPO) and erythropoiesis disorders, the impact of eryptosis on renal anemia demands attention. However, a systemic analysis concerning the pathophysiology of eryptosis has not been expounded. SUMMARY The complicated conditions in CKD patients, including oxidative stress, osmotic stress, metabolic stress, accumulation of uremic toxins, and iron deficiency, affect the normal skeleton structure of red blood cells (RBCs) and disturbs ionic homeostasis, causing phosphatidylserine to translocate to the outer lobules of the RBC membrane that leads to early elimination and/or shortening of the RBC lifespan. Inadequate synthesis of RBCs cannot compensate for their accelerated destruction, thus exacerbating renal anemia. Meanwhile, EPO treatment alone will not reverse renal anemia. A variety of eryptosis inhibitors have so far been found, but evidence of their effectiveness in the treatment of CKD remains to be established. KEY MESSAGES In this review, the pathophysiological processes and factors influencing eryptosis in CKD were elucidated. The aim of this review was to underline the importance of eryptosis in renal anemia and determine some promising research directions or possible therapeutic targets to correct anemia in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medicine College & Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China,
| | - Xujuan Zheng
- Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medicine College & Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiangling Li
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medicine College & Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xuexun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medicine College & Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yonghua Yin
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medicine College & Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medicine College & Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medicine College & Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiangming Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medicine College & Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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7
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Tan H, Wang L, Liu Z. Role of Suprabasin in the Dedifferentiation of Follicular Epithelial Cell-Derived Thyroid Cancer and Identification of Related Immune Markers. Front Genet 2022; 13:810681. [PMID: 35222534 PMCID: PMC8865917 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.810681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aberrant regulation of suprabasin (SBSN) is associated with the development of cancer and immune disorders. SBSN influences tumor cell migration, proliferation, angiogenesis, and immune resistance. In this study, we investigated the potential correlation between SBSN expression and immune infiltration in thyroid cancer. Methods: The expression of SBSN in 80 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) specimens was determined using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. The expression of SBSN in 9 cases of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and 18 cases of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of SBSN expression was performed using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus datasets, and the relationship of SBSN expression with M2 macrophages and T regulatory cells (Tregs) in ATC and PTC was verified by immunohistochemical staining. Results: Compared with those in adjacent normal tissues, the expression levels of SBSN mRNA and protein were significantly higher in PTC tissues. SBSN expression level was correlated with that of cervical lymph node metastasis in PTC patients. Immunohistochemical staining results showed statistically significant differences among high-positive expression rates of SBSN in PTC, PDTC, and ATC. Functional enrichment analysis showed that SBSN expression was associated with pathways related to cancer, cell signaling, and immune response. Furthermore, analysis of the tumor microenvironment (using CIBERSORT-ABS and xCell algorithms) showed that SBSN expression affected immune cell infiltration and the cancer immunity cycle, and immunohistochemistry confirmed a significant increase in M2 macrophage and Treg infiltration in tumor tissues with high-positive SBSN expression. Conclusion: These findings reveal that SBSN may be involved in thyroid carcinogenesis, tumor dedifferentiation progression, and immunosuppression as an important regulator of tumor immune cell infiltration.
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8
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Georgolopoulos G, Psatha N, Iwata M, Nishida A, Som T, Yiangou M, Stamatoyannopoulos JA, Vierstra J. Discrete regulatory modules instruct hematopoietic lineage commitment and differentiation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6790. [PMID: 34815405 PMCID: PMC8611072 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineage commitment and differentiation is driven by the concerted action of master transcriptional regulators at their target chromatin sites. Multiple efforts have characterized the key transcription factors (TFs) that determine the various hematopoietic lineages. However, the temporal interactions between individual TFs and their chromatin targets during differentiation and how these interactions dictate lineage commitment remains poorly understood. Here we perform dense, daily, temporal profiling of chromatin accessibility (DNase I-seq) and gene expression changes (total RNA-seq) along ex vivo human erythropoiesis to comprehensively define developmentally regulated DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) and transcripts. We link both distal DHSs to their target gene promoters and individual TFs to their target DHSs, revealing that the regulatory landscape is organized in distinct sequential regulatory modules that regulate lineage restriction and maturation. Finally, direct comparison of transcriptional dynamics (bulk and single-cell) and lineage potential between erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis uncovers differential fate commitment dynamics between the two lineages as they exit the stem and progenitor stage. Collectively, these data provide insights into the temporally regulated synergy of the cis- and the trans-regulatory components underlying hematopoietic lineage commitment and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Georgolopoulos
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Mineo Iwata
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew Nishida
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tannishtha Som
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Minas Yiangou
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - John A Stamatoyannopoulos
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeff Vierstra
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA.
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9
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The VP1u of Human Parvovirus B19: A Multifunctional Capsid Protein with Biotechnological Applications. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121463. [PMID: 33352888 PMCID: PMC7765992 DOI: 10.3390/v12121463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The viral protein 1 unique region (VP1u) of human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a multifunctional capsid protein with essential roles in virus tropism, uptake, and subcellular trafficking. These functions reside on hidden protein domains, which become accessible upon interaction with cell membrane receptors. A receptor-binding domain (RBD) in VP1u is responsible for the specific targeting and uptake of the virus exclusively into cells of the erythroid lineage in the bone marrow. A phospholipase A2 domain promotes the endosomal escape of the incoming virus. The VP1u is also the immunodominant region of the capsid as it is the target of neutralizing antibodies. For all these reasons, the VP1u has raised great interest in antiviral research and vaccinology. Besides the essential functions in B19V infection, the remarkable erythroid specificity of the VP1u makes it a unique erythroid cell surface biomarker. Moreover, the demonstrated capacity of the VP1u to deliver diverse cargo specifically to cells around the proerythroblast differentiation stage, including erythroleukemic cells, offers novel therapeutic opportunities for erythroid-specific drug delivery. In this review, we focus on the multifunctional role of the VP1u in B19V infection and explore its potential in diagnostics and erythroid-specific therapeutics.
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10
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Sawaengdee W, Cui K, Zhao K, Hongeng S, Fucharoen S, Wongtrakoongate P. Genome-Wide Transcriptional Regulation of the Long Non-coding RNA Steroid Receptor RNA Activator in Human Erythroblasts. Front Genet 2020; 11:850. [PMID: 32849830 PMCID: PMC7431964 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoiesis of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintains generation of red blood cells throughout life. However, little is known how human erythropoiesis is regulated by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). By using ChIRP-seq, we report here that the lncRNA steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA) occupies chromatin, and co-localizes with CTCF, H3K4me3, and H3K27me3 genome-wide in human erythroblast cell line K562. CTCF binding sites that are also occupied by SRA are enriched for either H3K4me3 or H3K27me3. Transcriptome-wide analyses reveal that SRA facilitates expression of erythroid-associated genes, while repressing leukocyte-associated genes in both K562 and CD36-positive primary human proerythroblasts derived from HSCs. We find that SRA-regulated genes are enriched by both CTCF and SRA bindings. Further, silencing of SRA decreases expression of the erythroid-specific markers TFRC and GYPA, and down-regulates expression of globin genes in both K562 and human proerythroblast cells. Taken together, our findings establish that the lncRNA SRA occupies chromatin, and promotes transcription of erythroid genes, therefore facilitating human erythroid transcriptional program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waritta Sawaengdee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kairong Cui
- Laboratory of Epigenome Biology, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Keji Zhao
- Laboratory of Epigenome Biology, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suthat Fucharoen
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patompon Wongtrakoongate
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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11
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Lee J, Vernet A, Redfield K, Lu S, Ghiran IC, Way JC, Silver PA. Rational Design of a Bifunctional AND-Gate Ligand To Modulate Cell-Cell Interactions. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:191-197. [PMID: 31834794 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein "AND-gate" systems, in which a ligand acts only on cells with two different receptors, direct signaling activity to a particular cell type and avoid action on other cells. In a bifunctional AND-gate protein, the molecular geometry of the protein domains is crucial. Here we constructed a tissue-targeted erythropoietin (EPO) that stimulates red blood cell (RBC) production without triggering thrombosis. The EPO was directed to RBC precursors and mature RBCs by fusion to an anti-glycophorin A antibody V region. Many such constructs activated EPO receptors in vitro and stimulated RBC and not platelet production in mice but nonetheless enhanced thrombosis in mice and caused adhesion between RBCs and EPO-receptor-bearing cells. On the basis of a protein-structural model of the RBC surface, we rationally designed an anti-glycophorin-EPO fusion that does not induce cell adhesion in vitro or enhance thrombosis in vivo. Thus, mesoscale geometry can inform the design of synthetic-biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Andyna Vernet
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Katherine Redfield
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Shulin Lu
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Ionita C Ghiran
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Jeffrey C Way
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Pamela A Silver
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
- Department of Systems Biology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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12
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Chromatin occupancy and epigenetic analysis reveal new insights into the function of the GATA1 N terminus in erythropoiesis. Blood 2020; 134:1619-1631. [PMID: 31409672 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in GATA1, which lead to expression of the GATA1s isoform that lacks the GATA1 N terminus, are seen in patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA). In our efforts to better understand the connection between GATA1s and DBA, we comprehensively studied erythropoiesis in Gata1s mice. Defects in yolks sac and fetal liver hematopoiesis included impaired terminal maturation and reduced numbers of erythroid progenitors. RNA-sequencing revealed that both erythroid and megakaryocytic gene expression patterns were altered by the loss of the N terminus, including aberrant upregulation of Gata2 and Runx1. Dysregulation of global H3K27 methylation was found in the erythroid progenitors upon loss of N terminus of GATA1. Chromatin-binding assays revealed that, despite similar occupancy of GATA1 and GATA1s, there was a striking reduction of H3K27me3 at regulatory elements of the Gata2 and Runx1 genes. Consistent with the observation that overexpression of GATA2 has been reported to impair erythropoiesis, we found that haploinsufficiency of Gata2 rescued the erythroid defects of Gata1s fetuses. Together, our integrated genomic analysis of transcriptomic and epigenetic signatures reveals that, Gata1 mice provide novel insights into the role of the N terminus of GATA1 in transcriptional regulation and red blood cell maturation which may potentially be useful for DBA patients.
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13
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Liu MY, Hua WK, Chiou YY, Chen CJ, Yao CL, Lai YT, Lin CH, Lin WJ. Calcium-dependent methylation by PRMT1 promotes erythroid differentiation through the p38α MAPK pathway. FEBS Lett 2019; 594:301-316. [PMID: 31541584 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) stimulates erythroid differentiation, but the signaling events upstream are yet to be identified. Ca2+ plays crucial roles during erythroid differentiation. Here, we show that Ca2+ enhances methylation during induced erythroid differentiation and that Ca2+ directly upregulates the catalytic activity of recombinant PRMT1 by increasing Vmax toward the substrate heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2. We demonstrate that PRMT1 is essential and responsible for the effect of Ca2+ on differentiation. Depletion of Ca2+ suppresses PRMT1-mediated activation of p38α and p38α-stimulated differentiation. Furthermore, Ca2+ stimulates methylation of p38α by PRMT1. This study uncovers a novel regulatory mechanism for PRMT1 by Ca2+ and identifies the PRMT1/p38α axis as an intracellular mediator of Ca2+ signaling during erythroid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yin Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kai Hua
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Chiou
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ju Chen
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ling Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsiung Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wey-Jinq Lin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Sphingolipid-mediated inflammatory signaling leading to autophagy inhibition converts erythropoiesis to myelopoiesis in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1796-1812. [PMID: 30546074 PMCID: PMC6748125 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) inhibit erythropoiesis and cause anemia in patients with cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases. TNFα is also a potent activator of the sphingomyelinase (SMase)/ceramide pathway leading to ceramide synthesis and regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy. Here we evaluated the implication of the TNFα/SMase/ceramide pathway on inhibition of erythropoiesis in human CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (CD34/HSPCs) from healthy donors. Exogenous synthetic C2- and C6-ceramide as well as bacterial SMase inhibited erythroid differentiation in erythropoietin-induced (Epo)CD34/HSPCs shown by the analysis of various erythroid markers. The neutral SMase inhibitor GW4869 as well as the genetic inhibition of nSMase with small interfering RNA (siRNA) against sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 (SMPD3) prevented the inhibition by TNFα, but not the acid SMase inhibitor desipramine. Moreover, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a ceramide metabolite, restored erythroid differentiation, whereas TNFα inhibited sphingosine kinase-1, required for S1P synthesis. Analysis of cell morphology and colony formation demonstrated that erythropoiesis impairment was concomitant with a granulomonocytic differentiation in TNFα- and ceramide-treated EpoCD34/HSPCs. Inhibition of erythropoiesis and induction of granulomonocytic differentiation were correlated to modulation of hematopoietic transcription factors (TFs) GATA-1, GATA-2, and PU.1. Moreover, the expression of microRNAs (miR)-144/451, miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-223 was also modulated by TNFα and ceramide treatments, in line with cellular observations. Autophagy plays an essential role during erythropoiesis and our results demonstrate that the TNFα/neutral SMase/ceramide pathway inhibits autophagy in EpoCD34/HSPCs. TNFα- and ceramide-induced phosphorylation of mTORS2448 and ULK1S758, inhibited Atg13S355 phosphorylation, and blocked autophagosome formation as shown by transmission electron microscopy and GFP-LC3 punctae formation. Moreover, rapamycin prevented the inhibitory effect of TNFα and ceramides on erythropoiesis while inhibiting induction of myelopoiesis. In contrast, bafilomycin A1, but not siRNA against Atg5, induced myeloid differentiation, while both impaired erythropoiesis. We demonstrate here that the TNFα/neutral SMase/ceramide pathway inhibits erythropoiesis to induce myelopoiesis via modulation of a hematopoietic TF/miR network and inhibition of late steps of autophagy. Altogether, our results reveal an essential role of autophagy in erythroid vs. myeloid differentiation.
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15
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Xie Y, Shi X, Sheng K, Han G, Li W, Zhao Q, Jiang B, Feng J, Li J, Gu Y. PI3K/Akt signaling transduction pathway, erythropoiesis and glycolysis in hypoxia (Review). Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:783-791. [PMID: 30535469 PMCID: PMC6323245 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize the research progress of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in erythropoiesis and glycolysis. Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) is activated by numerous genes and leads to protein kinase B (Akt) binding to the cell membrane, with the help of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase, in the PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway. Threonine and serine phosphorylation contribute to Akt translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and further mediates enzymatic biological effects, including those involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis inhibition, cell migration, vesicle transport and cell cancerous transformation. As a key downstream protein of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 is closely associated with the concentration of oxygen in the environment. Maintaining stable levels of HIF-1 protein is critical under normoxic conditions; however, HIF-1 levels quickly increase under hypoxic conditions. HIF-1α is involved in the acute hypoxic response associated with erythropoietin, whereas HIF-2α is associated with the response to chronic hypoxia. Furthermore, PI3K/Akt can reduce the synthesis of glycogen and increase glycolysis. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β activity by phosphorylation of its N-terminal serine increases accumulation of cyclin D1, which promotes the cell cycle and improves cell proliferation through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is closely associated with a variety of enzymatic biological effects and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbang Xie
- Department of Hematology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Kuo Sheng
- Department of Hematology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Guoxiong Han
- Department of Hematology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Wenqian Li
- Department of Hematology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Baili Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Feng
- Department of Hematology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Hematology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Yuhai Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
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16
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Gnanapragasam MN, Crispino JD, Ali AM, Weinberg R, Hoffman R, Raza A, Bieker JJ. Survey and evaluation of mutations in the human KLF1 transcription unit. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6587. [PMID: 29700354 PMCID: PMC5920080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythroid Krüppel-like Factor (EKLF/KLF1) is an erythroid-enriched transcription factor that plays a global role in all aspects of erythropoiesis, including cell cycle control and differentiation. We queried whether its mutation might play a role in red cell malignancies by genomic sequencing of the KLF1 transcription unit in cell lines, erythroid neoplasms, dysplastic disorders, and leukemia. In addition, we queried published databases from a number of varied sources. In all cases we only found changes in commonly notated SNPs. Our results suggest that if there are mutations in KLF1 associated with erythroid malignancies, they are exceedingly rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Nithya Gnanapragasam
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - John D Crispino
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Abdullah M Ali
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Rona Weinberg
- Cellular Therapy Laboratory, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ronald Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Azra Raza
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - James J Bieker
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Black Familly Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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17
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Boddu P, Benton CB, Wang W, Borthakur G, Khoury JD, Pemmaraju N. Erythroleukemia-historical perspectives and recent advances in diagnosis and management. Blood Rev 2017; 32:96-105. [PMID: 28965757 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute erythroleukemia is a rare form of acute myeloid leukemia recognized by its distinct phenotypic attribute of erythroblastic proliferation. After a century of its descriptive history, many diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications relating to this unique leukemia subset remain uncertain. The rarity of the disease and the simultaneous involvement of its associated myeloid compartment have complicated in vitro studies of human erythroleukemia cell lines. Although murine and cell line erythroleukemia models have provided valuable insights into pathophysiology, translation of these concepts into treatment are not forthcoming. Integration of knowledge gained through a careful study of these models with more recent data emerging from molecular characterization will help elucidate key mechanistic pathways and provide a much needed framework that accounts for erythroid lineage-specific attributes. In this article, we discuss the evolving diagnostic concept of erythroleukemia, translational aspects of its pathophysiology, and promising therapeutic targets through an appraisal of the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajwal Boddu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher B Benton
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph D Khoury
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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18
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Castel P, Carcopino X, Robert S, Bonetto R, Cowen D, Orsiere T. [The PIG-A gene as a new biomarker of mutagenesis: proof of concept and technical specifications]. Med Sci (Paris) 2017; 33:432-439. [PMID: 28497740 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20173304014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene mutations are not directly detected by current genotoxicity assays and most of them need a cell culture step. The whole blood PIG-A assay consists in the detection of the mutation frequency within the PIG-A sentinel gene by identification of glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI-) deficient cells. PIG-A mutated/GPI-deficient cells can be detected by flow cytometry as they no longer express surface fluorescence for GPI-linked markers. The last researches have focused on cell enrichment techniques leading to increased throughput and sensitivity. The results of this new and promising biomarker of mutagenesis, performed in humans or rodents, are now available within 2 hours after blood collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Castel
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie (IMBE), équipe Biogénotoxicologie, Santé Humaine et Environnement, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, 27, boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Xavier Carcopino
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie (IMBE), équipe Biogénotoxicologie, Santé Humaine et Environnement, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, 27, boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France - Département d'obstétrique et de gynécologie, Hôpital Nord, APHM, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Robert
- Vascular Research Center of Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), UMR Inserm 1076, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - Rémi Bonetto
- Département de Radiothérapie, Hôpital Nord, APHM, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), Marseille, France
| | - Didier Cowen
- Département de Radiothérapie, Hôpital Nord, APHM, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Orsiere
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie (IMBE), équipe Biogénotoxicologie, Santé Humaine et Environnement, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, 27, boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
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19
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Origins of the Vertebrate Erythro/Megakaryocytic System. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:632171. [PMID: 26557683 PMCID: PMC4628740 DOI: 10.1155/2015/632171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate erythrocytes and thrombocytes arise from the common bipotent thrombocytic-erythroid progenitors (TEPs). Even though nonmammalian erythrocytes and thrombocytes are phenotypically very similar to each other, mammalian species have developed some key evolutionary improvements in the process of erythroid and thrombocytic differentiation, such as erythroid enucleation, megakaryocyte endoreduplication, and platelet formation. This brings up a few questions that we try to address in this review. Specifically, we describe the ontology of erythro-thrombopoiesis during adult hematopoiesis with focus on the phylogenetic origin of mammalian erythrocytes and thrombocytes (also termed platelets). Although the evolutionary relationship between mammalian and nonmammalian erythroid cells is clear, the appearance of mammalian megakaryocytes is less so. Here, we discuss recent data indicating that nonmammalian thrombocytes and megakaryocytes are homologs. Finally, we hypothesize that erythroid and thrombocytic differentiation evolved from a single ancestral lineage, which would explain the striking similarities between these cells.
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20
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Leisi R, von Nordheim M, Kempf C, Ros C. Specific Targeting of Proerythroblasts and Erythroleukemic Cells by the VP1u Region of Parvovirus B19. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1923-30. [PMID: 26240997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are evolutionarily developed cell-entering nanomachines, which are frequently used as gene or drug delivery systems. Parvovirus B19 (B19V) shows a remarkably restricted tropism for erythropoietin-dependent erythroid differentiation stages, and thus this virus provides an opportunity to deliver cargo to these intermediate differentiated cells. Here we report the construction of a delivery system from B19V subunits that maintains the highly selective cell-entry of the native virus and offers versatile cargo transport. To obtain this specific carrier, we conjugated the cell-targeting VP1u region of B19V to NeutrAvidin as a loading platform for biotinylated cargos. The VP1u-NeutrAvidin conjugate delivered fluorophores, DNA, and toxic payloads specifically to erythroid cells around the proerythroblast differentiation stage, including erythroleukemic cells. The VP1u-NeutrAvidin represents a unique cell surface marker which exclusively detects intermediate erythroid differentiation stages. Furthermore, the cell-entering property of this viral-based targeting system offers opportunities for erythroid-specific drug delivery or gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Leisi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marcus von Nordheim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kempf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,CSL Behring AG , 3014 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Ros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,CSL Behring AG , 3014 Bern, Switzerland
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Morceau F, Chateauvieux S, Orsini M, Trécul A, Dicato M, Diederich M. Natural compounds and pharmaceuticals reprogram leukemia cell differentiation pathways. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:785-97. [PMID: 25886879 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In addition to apoptosis resistance and cell proliferation capacities, the undifferentiated state also characterizes most cancer cells, especially leukemia cells. Cell differentiation is a multifaceted process that depends on complex regulatory networks that involve transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. The time- and spatially-dependent expression of lineage-specific genes and genes that control cell growth and cell death is implicated in the process of maturation. The induction of cancer cell differentiation is considered an alternative approach to elicit cell death and proliferation arrest. Differentiation therapy has mainly been developed to treat acute myeloid leukemia, notably with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Numerous molecules from diverse natural or synthetic origins are effective alone or in association with ATRA in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. During the last two decades, pharmaceuticals and natural compounds with various chemical structures, including alkaloids, flavonoids and polyphenols, were identified as potential differentiating agents of hematopoietic pathways and osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Morceau
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Sébastien Chateauvieux
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Marion Orsini
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Trécul
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Mario Dicato
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Marc Diederich
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Malara A, Abbonante V, Di Buduo CA, Tozzi L, Currao M, Balduini A. The secret life of a megakaryocyte: emerging roles in bone marrow homeostasis control. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1517-36. [PMID: 25572292 PMCID: PMC4369169 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Megakaryocytes are rare cells found in the bone marrow, responsible for the everyday production and release of millions of platelets into the bloodstream. Since the discovery and cloning, in 1994, of their principal humoral factor, thrombopoietin, and its receptor c-Mpl, many efforts have been directed to define the mechanisms underlying an efficient platelet production. However, more recently different studies have pointed out new roles for megakaryocytes as regulators of bone marrow homeostasis and physiology. In this review we discuss the interaction and the reciprocal regulation of megakaryocytes with the different cellular and extracellular components of the bone marrow environment. Finally, we provide evidence that these processes may concur to the reconstitution of the bone marrow environment after injury and their deregulation may lead to the development of a series of inherited or acquired pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Malara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Abbonante
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Christian A. Di Buduo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tozzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA USA
| | - Manuela Currao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA USA
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23
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Kim M, Tan YS, Cheng WC, Kingsbury TJ, Heimfeld S, Civin CI. MIR144 and MIR451 regulate human erythropoiesis via RAB14. Br J Haematol 2014; 168:583-97. [PMID: 25312678 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Expression levels of MIR144 and MIR451 increase during erythropoiesis, a pattern that is conserved from zebrafish to humans. As these two miRs are expressed from the same polycistronic transcript, we manipulated MIR144 and MIR451 in human erythroid cells individually and together to investigate their effects on human erythropoiesis. Inhibition of endogenous human MIR451 resulted in decreased numbers of erythroid (CD71(hi) CD235a(hi) CD34(-) ) cells, consistent with prior studies in zebrafish and mice. In addition, inhibition of MIR144 impaired human erythroid differentiation, unlike in zebrafish and mouse studies where the functional effect of MIR144 on erythropoiesis was minimal. In this study, we found RAB14 is a direct target of both MIR144 and MIR451. As MIR144 and MIR451 expression increased during human erythropoiesis, RAB14 protein expression decreased. Enforced RAB14 expression phenocopied the effect of MIR144 and/or MIR451 depletion, whereas shRNA-mediated RAB14 knockdown protected cells from MIR144 and/or MIR451 depletion-mediated erythropoietic inhibition. RAB14 knockdown increased the frequency and number of erythroid cells, increased β-haemoglobin expression, and decreased CBFA2T3 expression during human erythropoiesis. In summary, we utilized MIR144 and MIR451 to identify RAB14 as a novel physiological inhibitor of human erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinJung Kim
- Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics, Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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24
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Vandenbergh DJ, Schlomer GL. Finding genomic function for genetic associations in nicotine addiction research: the ENCODE project's role in future pharmacogenomic analysis. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 123:34-44. [PMID: 24486638 PMCID: PMC4117825 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco-related behaviors and the underlying addiction to nicotine are complex tangles of genetic and environmental factors. Efforts to understand the genetic component of these traits have identified sites in the genome (single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs) that might account for some part of the role of genetics in nicotine addiction. Encouragingly, some of these candidate SNPs remain significant in meta-analyses. However, genetic associations cannot be fully assessed, regardless of statistical significance, without an understanding of the functional consequences of the alleles present at these SNPs. The proper experimental test for allelic function can be very difficult to define, representing a roadblock in translating genetic results into treatment to prevent smoking and other nicotine-related behaviors. This roadblock can be navigated in part with a new web-based tool, the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE). ENCODE is a compilation of searchable data on several types of biochemical functions or "marks" across the genome. These data can be queried for the co-localization of a candidate SNP and a biochemical mark. The presence of a SNP within a marked region of DNA enables the generation of better-informed hypotheses to test possible functional roles of alleles at a candidate SNP. Two examples of such co-localizations are presented. One example reveals ENCODE's ability to relate a candidate SNP's function with a gene very far from the physical location of the SNP. The second example reveals a new potential function of the SNP, rs4105144, that has been genetically associated with the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Details for accessing the ENCODE data for this SNP are provided to serve as a tutorial. By serving as a bridge between genetic associations and biochemical function, ENCODE has the power to propel progress in untangling the genetic aspects of nicotine addiction - a major public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Vandenbergh
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Penn State Institute of the Neurosciences, 101 Life Sciences Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Gabriel L Schlomer
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 315 Health and Human Development, East, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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25
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Elagib KE, Rubinstein JD, Delehanty LL, Ngoh VS, Greer PA, Li S, Lee JK, Li Z, Orkin SH, Mihaylov IS, Goldfarb AN. Calpain 2 activation of P-TEFb drives megakaryocyte morphogenesis and is disrupted by leukemogenic GATA1 mutation. Dev Cell 2014; 27:607-20. [PMID: 24369834 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Megakaryocyte morphogenesis employs a "hypertrophy-like" developmental program that is dependent on P-TEFb kinase activation and cytoskeletal remodeling. P-TEFb activation classically occurs by a feedback-regulated process of signal-induced, reversible release of active Cdk9-cyclin T modules from large, inactive 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP) complexes. Here, we have identified an alternative pathway of irreversible P-TEFb activation in megakaryopoiesis that is mediated by dissolution of the 7SK snRNP complex. In this pathway, calpain 2 cleavage of the core 7SK snRNP component MePCE promoted P-TEFb release and consequent upregulation of a cohort of cytoskeleton remodeling factors, including α-actinin-1. In a subset of human megakaryocytic leukemias, the transcription factor GATA1 undergoes truncating mutation (GATA1s). Here, we linked the GATA1s mutation to defects in megakaryocytic upregulation of calpain 2 and of P-TEFb-dependent cytoskeletal remodeling factors. Restoring calpain 2 expression in GATA1s mutant megakaryocytes rescued normal development, implicating this morphogenetic pathway as a target in human leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaleldin E Elagib
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jeremy D Rubinstein
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Lorrie L Delehanty
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Valerie S Ngoh
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Peter A Greer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Shuran Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jae K Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ivailo S Mihaylov
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Adam N Goldfarb
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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26
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Papadopoulos GL, Karkoulia E, Tsamardinos I, Porcher C, Ragoussis J, Bungert J, Strouboulis J. GATA-1 genome-wide occupancy associates with distinct epigenetic profiles in mouse fetal liver erythropoiesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:4938-48. [PMID: 23519611 PMCID: PMC3643580 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the genomic occupancy profiles of the key hematopoietic transcription factor GATA-1 in pro-erythroblasts and mature erythroid cells fractionated from day E12.5 mouse fetal liver cells. Integration of GATA-1 occupancy profiles with available genome-wide transcription factor and epigenetic profiles assayed in fetal liver cells enabled as to evaluate GATA-1 involvement in modulating local chromatin structure of target genes during erythroid differentiation. Our results suggest that GATA-1 associates preferentially with changes of specific epigenetic modifications, such as H4K16, H3K27 acetylation and H3K4 di-methylation. Furthermore, we used random forest (RF) non-linear regression to predict changes in the expression levels of GATA-1 target genes based on the genomic features available for pro-erythroblasts and mature fetal liver-derived erythroid cells. Remarkably, our prediction model explained a high proportion of 62% of variation in gene expression. Hierarchical clustering of the proximity values calculated by the RF model produced a clear separation of upregulated versus downregulated genes and a further separation of downregulated genes in two distinct groups. Thus, our study of GATA-1 genome-wide occupancy profiles in mouse primary erythroid cells and their integration with global epigenetic marks reveals three clusters of GATA-1 gene targets that are associated with specific epigenetic signatures and functional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio L Papadopoulos
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari GR16672, Greece
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27
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Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 interacts with and activates p38α to facilitate erythroid differentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56715. [PMID: 23483889 PMCID: PMC3590204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is emerging as a pivotal posttranslational modification involved in regulating various cellular processes; however, its role in erythropoiesis is still elusive. Erythropoiesis generates circulating red blood cells which are vital for body activity. Deficiency in erythroid differentiation causes anemia which compromises the quality of life. Despite extensive studies, the molecular events regulating erythropoiesis are not fully understood. This study showed that the increase in protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) levels, via transfection or protein transduction, significantly promoted erythroid differentiation in the bipotent human K562 cell line as well as in human primary hematopoietic progenitor CD34(+) cells. PRMT1 expression enhanced the production of hemoglobin and the erythroid surface marker glycophorin A, and also up-regulated several key transcription factors, GATA1, NF-E2 and EKLF, which are critical for lineage-specific differentiation. The shRNA-mediated knockdown of PRMT1 suppressed erythroid differentiation. The methyltransferase activity-deficient PRMT1G80R mutant failed to stimulate differentiation, indicating the requirement of arginine methylation of target proteins. Our results further showed that a specific isoform of p38 MAPK, p38α, promoted erythroid differentiation, whereas p38β did not play a role. The stimulation of erythroid differentiation by PRMT1 was diminished in p38α- but not p38β-knockdown cells. PRMT1 appeared to act upstream of p38α, since expression of p38α still promoted erythroid differentiation in PRMT1-knockdown cells, and expression of PRMT1 enhanced the activation of p38 MAPK. Importantly, we showed for the first time that PRMT1 was associated with p38α in cells by co-immunoprecipitation and that PRMT1 directly methylated p38α in in vitro methylation assays. Taken together, our findings unveil a link between PRMT1 and p38α in regulating the erythroid differentiation program and provide evidence suggesting a novel regulatory mechanism for p38α through arginine methylation.
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28
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Yu Y, Mo Y, Ebenezer D, Bhattacharyya S, Liu H, Sundaravel S, Giricz O, Wontakal S, Cartier J, Caces B, Artz A, Nischal S, Bhagat T, Bathon K, Maqbool S, Gligich O, Suzuki M, Steidl U, Godley L, Skoultchi A, Greally J, Wickrema A, Verma A. High resolution methylome analysis reveals widespread functional hypomethylation during adult human erythropoiesis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:8805-14. [PMID: 23306203 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.423756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells to red cells requires coordinated expression of numerous erythroid genes and is characterized by nuclear condensation and extrusion during terminal development. To understand the regulatory mechanisms governing these widespread phenotypic changes, we conducted a high resolution methylomic and transcriptomic analysis of six major stages of human erythroid differentiation. We observed widespread epigenetic differences between early and late stages of erythropoiesis with progressive loss of methylation being the dominant change during differentiation. Gene bodies, intergenic regions, and CpG shores were preferentially demethylated during erythropoiesis. Epigenetic changes at transcription factor binding sites correlated significantly with changes in gene expression and were enriched for binding motifs for SCL, MYB, GATA, and other factors not previously implicated in erythropoiesis. Demethylation at gene promoters was associated with increased expression of genes, whereas epigenetic changes at gene bodies correlated inversely with gene expression. Important gene networks encoding erythrocyte membrane proteins, surface receptors, and heme synthesis proteins were found to be regulated by DNA methylation. Furthermore, integrative analysis enabled us to identify novel, potential regulatory areas of the genome as evident by epigenetic changes in a predicted PU.1 binding site in intron 1 of the GATA1 gene. This intronic site was found to be conserved across species and was validated to be a novel PU.1 binding site by quantitative ChIP in erythroid cells. Altogether, our study provides a comprehensive analysis of methylomic and transcriptomic changes during erythroid differentiation and demonstrates that human terminal erythropoiesis is surprisingly associated with hypomethylation of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Yu
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
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29
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Goupille O, Penglong T, Lefèvre C, Granger M, Kadri Z, Fucharoen S, Maouche-Chrétien L, Leboulch P, Chrétien S. BET bromodomain inhibition rescues erythropoietin differentiation of human erythroleukemia cell line UT7. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 429:1-5. [PMID: 23137537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.10.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Malignant transformation is a multistep process requiring oncogenic activation, promoting cellular proliferation, frequently coupled to inhibition of terminal differentiation. Consequently, forcing the reengagement of terminal differentiation of transformed cells coupled or not with an inhibition of their proliferation is a putative therapeutic approach to counteracting tumorigenicity. UT7 is a human leukemic cell line able to grow in the presence of IL3, GM-CSF and Epo. This cell line has been widely used to study Epo-R/Epo signaling pathways but is a poor model for erythroid differentiation. We used the BET bromodomain inhibition drug JQ1 to target gene expression, including that of c-Myc. We have shown that only 2 days of JQ1 treatment was required to transitory inhibit Epo-induced UT7 proliferation and to restore terminal erythroid differentiation. This study highlights the importance of a cellular erythroid cycle break mediated by c-Myc inhibition before initiation of the erythropoiesis program and describes a new model for BET bromodomain inhibitor drug application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Goupille
- CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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30
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Fan C, Dong L, Zhu N, Xiong Y, Zhang J, Wang L, Shen Y, Zhang X, Chen M. Isolation of siRNA target by biotinylated siRNA reveals that human CCDC12 promotes early erythroid differentiation. Leuk Res 2012; 36:779-83. [PMID: 22269669 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Erythroid differentiation is a tightly regulated multi-step process that has not been fully elucidated. We previously reported that a siRNA screened from random siRNA library, siRNA clone-67, induced erythroid differentiation in human erythroleukemia K-562cell line. Here we identified that human CCDC12 (coiled-coil domain containing 12) is a target of siRNA clone-67, by target capture with biotinylated siRNA. Over-expression of CCDC12 in K-562cell up-regulated the expression of CD235, ε-globin and γ-globin, accelerated cell growth, and slightly down-regulated the expression of GATA-2. Knockdown of CCDC12 slowed down the cell growth. These data indicate that CCDC12 is a new participant that promotes early erythroid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiqing Fan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
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31
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Rollins-Raval MA, Fuhrer K, Marafioti T, Roth CG. ALDH, CA I, and CD2AP: novel, diagnostically useful immunohistochemical markers to identify erythroid precursors in bone marrow biopsy specimens. Am J Clin Pathol 2012; 137:30-8. [PMID: 22180476 DOI: 10.1309/ajcp0qfq0ftszcpw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic erythroid proliferations may represent a diagnostic challenge owing to the difficulty in characterizing immature erythroblasts. Immunohistochemical expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme I (CA I), and CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) was assessed in 66 bone marrow biopsy specimens and compared with glycophorin A and E-cadherin. ALDH, CA I, and CD2AP labeled neoplastic erythroblasts in most acute erythroid leukemias (AELs) and myelodysplasias and highlighted benign erythroid precursors within normal marrows, erythroid hyperplasias, acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs), blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm, and most acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs). In 2 AELs, CD2AP was negative, and 1 AML lacked identifiable ALDH+ erythroid precursors. Immature erythroblasts were strongly ALDH+, weakly CA I+, weakly CD2AP±, E-cadherin±, and weakly glycophorin A±. AML was uncommonly weakly positive for ALDH, CA I, and CD2AP, and lymphoblasts from 1 ALL were weakly ALDH+. ALDH, CA I, and CD2AP are sensitive and relatively specific immunohistochemical markers for the erythroid lineage. ALDH is superior to glycophorin A and E-cadherin in highlighting immature erythroblasts.
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Kang K, Jung H, Nam S, Lim JS. NDRG2 Promotes GATA-1 Expression through Regulation of the JAK2/STAT Pathway in PMA-stimulated U937 Cells. Immune Netw 2011; 11:348-57. [PMID: 22346774 PMCID: PMC3275703 DOI: 10.4110/in.2011.11.6.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), a member of a newly described family of differentiation-related genes, has been characterized as a regulator of dendritic cells. However, the role of NDRG2 on the expression and activation of transcription factors in blood cells remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of NDRG2 overexpression on GATA-1 expression in PMA-stimulated U937 cells. METHODS We generated NDRG2-overexpressing U937 cell line (U937-NDRG2) and treated the cells with PMA to investigate the role of NDRG2 on GATA-1 expression. RESULTS NDRG2 overexpression in U937 cells significantly induced GATA-1 expression in response to PMA stimulation. Interestingly, JAK2/STAT and BMP-4/Smad pathways associated with the induction of GATA-1 were activated in PMA-stimulated U937-NDRG2 cells. We found that the inhibition of JAK2 activation, but not of BMP-4/Smad signaling, can elicit a decrease of PMA-induced GATA-1 expression in U937-NDRG2 cells. CONCLUSION The results reveal that NDRG2 promotes the expression of GATA-1 through activation of the JAK2/STAT pathway, but not through the regulation of the BMP-4/Smad pathway in U937 cells. Our findings further suggest that NDRG2 may play a role as a regulator of erythrocyte and megakaryocyte differentiation during hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongah Kang
- Department of Biological Science and the Research Center for Women's Disease, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea
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33
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Abstract
Megakaryopoiesis is the process by which bone marrow progenitor cells develop into mature megakaryocytes (MKs), which in turn produce platelets required for normal haemostasis. Over the past decade, molecular mechanisms that contribute to MK development and differentiation have begun to be elucidated. In this review, we provide an overview of megakaryopoiesis and summarise the latest developments in this field. Specially, we focus on polyploidisation, a unique form of the cell cycle that allows MKs to increase their DNA content, and the genes that regulate this process. In addition, because MKs have an important role in the pathogenesis of acute megakaryocytic leukaemia and a subset of myeloproliferative neoplasms, including essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis, we discuss the biology and genetics of these disorders. We anticipate that an increased understanding of normal MK differentiation will provide new insights into novel therapeutic approaches that will directly benefit patients.
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The role of the GATA2 transcription factor in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2011; 82:1-17. [PMID: 21605981 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis involves an elaborate regulatory network of transcription factors that coordinates the expression of multiple downstream genes, and maintains homeostasis within the hematopoietic system through the accurate orchestration of cellular proliferation, differentiation and survival. As a result, defects in the expression levels or the activity of these transcription factors are intimately linked to hematopoietic disorders, including leukemia. The GATA family of nuclear regulatory proteins serves as a prototype for the action of lineage-restricted transcription factors. GATA1 and GATA2 are expressed principally in hematopoietic lineages, and have essential roles in the development of multiple hematopoietic cells, including erythrocytes and megakaryocytes. Moreover, GATA2 is crucial for the proliferation and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells and multipotential progenitors. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the biological properties and functions of the GATA2 transcription factor in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
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Sun W, Yang S, Shen W, Li H, Gao Y, Zhu TH. Identification of DeltaEF1 as a novel target that is negatively regulated by LMO2 in T-cell leukemia. Eur J Haematol 2010; 85:508-19. [PMID: 20731704 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2010.01519.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The lmo2 gene is a specific oncogene in T-cell leukemia, for its ectopic expression causes both increased pro-T-cell proliferation and differentiation arrest, leading to the onset of leukemia. Notably, DeltaEF1 (also known as ZEB1), a member of zinc finger-homeodomain family transcription factor, also exhibits crucial function in promoting T-cell differentiation. In this study, we found that DeltaEF1 was positively regulated by T-lineage-specific transcriptional regulator GATA3, while ectopically expressed LMO2 targeted to DeltaEF1 promoter by interaction with GATA3 and inhibited DeltaEF1 expression in transcriptional level. Moreover, LMO2 interacted with the N-terminal zinc finger domain of DeltaEF1 protein and inhibited its positive transcriptional regulatory function by this interaction. Taken together, our findings revealed that ectopically expressed LMO2 impaired the function of DeltaEF1 in both transcriptional and protein levels and identified DeltaEF1 as a novel pathogenic target of LMO2 in T-cell leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Liu B, Ohishi K, Yamamura K, Suzuki K, Monma F, Ino K, Masuya M, Sekine T, Heike Y, Takaue Y, Katayama N. A potential activity of valproic acid in the stimulation of interleukin-3−mediated megakaryopoiesis and erythropoiesis. Exp Hematol 2010; 38:685-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Revised: 02/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors contribute to a substantial variation in platelet function seen among normal persons. Candidate gene association studies represent a valiant effort to define the genetic component in an era where genetic tools were limited, but the single nucleotide polymorphisms identified in those studies need to be validated by more objective, comprehensive approaches, such as genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of quantitative functional traits in much larger cohorts of more carefully selected normal subjects. During the past year, platelet count and mean platelet volume, which indirectly affect platelet function, were the subjects of GWAS. The majority of the GWAS signals were located to noncoding regions, a consistent outcome of all GWAS to date, suggesting a major role for mechanisms that alter phenotype at the level of transcription or posttranscriptional modifications. Of 15 quantitative trait loci associated with mean platelet volume and platelet count, one located at 12q24 is also a risk locus for coronary artery disease. In most cases, the effect sizes of individual quantitative trait loci are admittedly small, but the results of these studies have led to new insight into regulators of hematopoiesis and megakaryopoiesis that would otherwise be unapparent and difficult to define.
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Kodippili GC, Spector J, Kang GE, Liu H, Wickrema A, Ritchie K, Low PS. Analysis of the kinetics of band 3 diffusion in human erythroblasts during assembly of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton. Br J Haematol 2010; 150:592-600. [PMID: 20553270 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During definitive erythropoiesis, erythroid precursors undergo differentiation through multiple nucleated states to an enucleated reticulocyte, which loses its residual RNA/organelles to become a mature erythrocyte. Over the course of these transformations, continuous changes in membrane proteins occur, including shifts in protein abundance, rates of expression, isoform prominence, states of phosphorylation, and stability. In an effort to understand when assembly of membrane proteins into an architecture characteristic of the mature erythrocyte occurs, we quantitated the lateral diffusion of the most abundant membrane protein, band 3 (AE1), during each stage of erythropoiesis using single particle tracking. Analysis of the lateral trajectories of individual band 3 molecules revealed a gradual reduction in mobility of the anion transporter as erythroblasts differentiated. Evidence for this progressive immobilization included a gradual decline in diffusion coefficients as determined at a video acquisition rate of 120 frames/s and a decrease in the percentage of compartment sizes >100 nm. Because complete acquisition of the properties of band 3 seen in mature erythrocytes is not observed until circulating erythrocytes are formed, we suggest that membrane maturation involves a gradual and cooperative assembly process that is not triggered by the synthesis of any single protein.
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Bhat R, Malinge S, Gamis AS, Sorrell AD, Hilden JM, Ketterling RP, Paietta E, Tallman MS, Crispino JD. Mutational analysis of candidate tumor-associated genes in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2009; 23:2159-60. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Soranzo N, Spector TD, Mangino M, Kühnel B, Rendon A, Teumer A, Willenborg C, Wright B, Chen L, Li M, Salo P, Voight BF, Burns P, Laskowski RA, Xue Y, Menzel S, Altshuler D, Bradley JR, Bumpstead S, Burnett MS, Devaney J, Döring A, Elosua R, Epstein SE, Erber W, Falchi M, Garner SF, Ghori MJR, Goodall AH, Gwilliam R, Hakonarson HH, Hall AS, Hammond N, Hengstenberg C, Illig T, König IR, Knouff CW, McPherson R, Melander O, Mooser V, Nauck M, Nieminen MS, O'Donnell CJ, Peltonen L, Potter SC, Prokisch H, Rader DJ, Rice CM, Roberts R, Salomaa V, Sambrook J, Schreiber S, Schunkert H, Schwartz SM, Serbanovic-Canic J, Sinisalo J, Siscovick DS, Stark K, Surakka I, Stephens J, Thompson JR, Völker U, Völzke H, Watkins NA, Wells GA, Wichmann HE, Van Heel DA, Tyler-Smith C, Thein SL, Kathiresan S, Perola M, Reilly MP, Stewart AFR, Erdmann J, Samani NJ, Meisinger C, Greinacher A, Deloukas P, Ouwehand WH, Gieger C. A genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 22 loci associated with eight hematological parameters in the HaemGen consortium. Nat Genet 2009; 41:1182-90. [PMID: 19820697 PMCID: PMC3108459 DOI: 10.1038/ng.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The number and volume of cells in the blood affect a wide range of disorders including cancer and cardiovascular, metabolic, infectious and immune conditions. We consider here the genetic variation in eight clinically relevant hematological parameters, including hemoglobin levels, red and white blood cell counts and platelet counts and volume. We describe common variants within 22 genetic loci reproducibly associated with these hematological parameters in 13,943 samples from six European population-based studies, including 6 associated with red blood cell parameters, 15 associated with platelet parameters and 1 associated with total white blood cell count. We further identified a long-range haplotype at 12q24 associated with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction in 9,479 cases and 10,527 controls. We show that this haplotype demonstrates extensive disease pleiotropy, as it contains known risk loci for type 1 diabetes, hypertension and celiac disease and has been spread by a selective sweep specific to European and geographically nearby populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Soranzo
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
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Mazharian A, Watson SP, Séverin S. Critical role for ERK1/2 in bone marrow and fetal liver-derived primary megakaryocyte differentiation, motility, and proplatelet formation. Exp Hematol 2009; 37:1238-1249.e5. [PMID: 19619605 PMCID: PMC2755112 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Megakaryopoiesis and platelet formation is a multistep process through which hematopoietic progenitor cells develop into mature megakaryocytes (MKs) and form proplatelets. The present study investigates the regulation of different steps of megakaryopoiesis (i.e., differentiation, migration, and proplatelet formation) by extracellar signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in two models of primary murine MKs derived from bone marrow (BM) cells and fetal liver (FL) cells. Materials and Methods A preparation of MKs was generated from BM obtained from femora and tibiae of C57BL6 mice. FL-derived MKs were obtained from the liver of mouse fetuses aged 13 to 15 days. Results For both cell populations, activation of MEK-ERK1/2 pathway by thrombopoietin was found to have a critical role in MK differentiation, regulating polyploidy and surface expression of CD34, GPIIb, and GPIb. The MEK-ERK1/2 pathway plays a major role in migration of BM-derived MKs toward a stromal-cell−derived factor 1α (SDF1α) gradient, whereas unexpectedly, FL-derived cells fail to migrate in response to the chemokine due to negligible expression of its receptor, CXCR4. The MEK-ERK1/2 pathway also plays a critical role in the generation of proplatelets. In contrast, p38MAPK pathway was not involved in any of these processes. Conclusion This report demonstrates a critical role of MEK-ERK1/2 pathway in MK differentiation, motility, and proplatelet formation. This study highlights several differences between BM- and FL-derived MKs, which are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sonia Séverin
- Offprint requests to: Sonia Séverin, Ph.D., Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Wolfson Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Martinez Barrio A, Eriksson O, Badhai J, Fröjmark AS, Bongcam-Rudloff E, Dahl N, Schuster J. Targeted resequencing and analysis of the Diamond-Blackfan anemia disease locus RPS19. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6172. [PMID: 19587786 PMCID: PMC2703794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Ribosomal protein S19 gene locus (RPS19) has been linked to two kinds of red cell aplasia, Diamond-Blackfan Anemia (DBA) and Transient Erythroblastopenia in Childhood (TEC). Mutations in RPS19 coding sequences have been found in 25% of DBA patients, but not in TEC patients. It has been suggested that non-coding RPS19 sequence variants contribute to the considerable clinical variability in red cell aplasia. We therefore aimed at identifying non-coding variations associated with DBA or TEC phenotypes. Methodology/Principal Findings We targeted a region of 19'980 bp encompassing the RPS19 gene in a cohort of 89 DBA and TEC patients for resequencing. We provide here a catalog of the considerable, previously unrecognized degree of variation in this region. We identified 73 variations (65 SNPs, 8 indels) that all are located outside of the RPS19 open reading frame, and of which 67.1% are classified as novel. We hypothesize that specific alleles in non-coding regions of RPS19 could alter the binding of regulatory proteins or transcription factors. Therefore, we carried out an extensive analysis to identify transcription factor binding sites (TFBS). A series of putative interaction sites coincide with detected variants. Sixteen of the corresponding transcription factors are of particular interest, as they are housekeeping genes or show a direct link to hematopoiesis, tumorigenesis or leukemia (e.g. GATA-1/2, PU.1, MZF-1). Conclusions Specific alleles at predicted TFBSs may alter the expression of RPS19, modify an important interaction between transcription factors with overlapping TFBS or remove an important stimulus for hematopoiesis. We suggest that the detected interactions are of importance for hematopoiesis and could provide new insights into individual response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Martinez Barrio
- The Linnaeus Centre for Bioinformatics Uppsala University/Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oskar Eriksson
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jitendra Badhai
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne-Sophie Fröjmark
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Bongcam-Rudloff
- The Linnaeus Centre for Bioinformatics Uppsala University/Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niklas Dahl
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens Schuster
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1), identified as part of the t(1;22) translocation specific to acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, is highly expressed in differentiated muscle cells and promotes muscle differentiation by activating serum response factor (SRF). Here we show that Mkl1 expression is up-regulated during murine megakaryocytic differentiation and that enforced overexpression of MKL1 enhances megakaryocytic differentiation. When the human erythroleukemia (HEL) cell line is induced to differentiate with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, overexpression of MKL1 results in an increased number of megakaryocytes with a concurrent increase in ploidy. MKL1 overexpression also promotes megakaryocytic differentiation of primary human CD34(+) cells cultured in the presence of thrombopoietin. The effect of MKL1 is abrogated when SRF is knocked down, suggesting that MKL1 acts through SRF. Consistent with these findings in human cells, knockout of Mkl1 in mice leads to reduced platelet counts in peripheral blood, and reduced ploidy in bone marrow megakaryocytes. In conclusion, MKL1 promotes physiologic maturation of human and murine megakaryocytes.
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Linking anemia to inflammation and cancer: the crucial role of TNFalpha. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 77:1572-9. [PMID: 19174153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is considered as a multistep and tightly regulated process under the control of a series of cytokines including erythropoietin (Epo). Epo activates specific signaling pathways and leads to activation of key transcription factors such as GATA-1, in order to ensure erythroid differentiation. Deregulation leads to a decreased number of red blood cells, a hemoglobin deficiency, thus a limited oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood. Anemia represents a frequent complication in various diseases such as cancer or inflammatory diseases. It reduces both quality of life and prognosis in patients. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) was described to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation and cancer related anemia. Blood transfusions and erythroid stimulating agents (ESAs) including human recombinant Epo (rhuEpo) are currently used as efficient treatments. Moreover, the recently described conflicting effects of ESAs in distinct studies require further investigations on the molecular mechanisms involved in TNFalpha-caused anemia. The present study aims to evaluate the current knowledge and the importance of the effect of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFalpha on erythropoiesis in inflammatory and malignant conditions.
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