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Molla MD, Wolde HF, Tafesse Teferi E, Kibret AA. Central obesity and its associated factors among cancer patients at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1150303. [PMID: 37124535 PMCID: PMC10130526 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1150303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Obesity, especially the hidden type of obesity (central obesity), has been believed to be the major risk factor for developing and progressing non-communicable diseases, including cancers. However, there are limited studies regarding the issue in Ethiopia and the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the magnitude of central obesity and its associated factors among cancer patients visited the oncology unit of the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 10 to March 10, 2021. A total of 384 study participants were enrolled using a systematic sampling technique. The data were collected using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and were pretested to address the quality of assurance. The weight of the participants was assessed using body mass index (BMI) and central obesity. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to identify the factors associated with central obesity, and p-values less than 0.05 with multivariate were considered statistically significant associations. Result Most respondents (60.16%) were stage I cancer patients. The study found that about 19.27% of the participants were prevalent central obesity, and none of them were obese by body mass index (BMI) categorization criteria. However, about 12.24% and 7.03% of the participants were found to be underweight and overweight, respectively. The variables associated with central obesity were sex (AOR=14.40; 95% CI: 5.26 - 39.50), occupation (AOR=4.32; 95%CI: 1.10 - 17.01), and residency (AOR=0.30; 95% CI: 0.13 - 0.70). Conclusion A significant number of the respondents (19.27%) were centrally obese. Being female, urban residency and having an occupation other than a farmer, merchant, and governmental were the factors associated with central obesity. Hence, cancer patients may be centrally obese with average body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meseret Derbew Molla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- *Correspondence: Meseret Derbew Molla,
| | - Haileab Fekadu Wolde
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ephrem Tafesse Teferi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Ayelign Kibret
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Molla MD, Wolde HF, Atnafu A. Magnitude of Central Obesity and its Associated Factors Among Adults in Urban Areas of Northwest Ethiopia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:4169-4178. [PMID: 33192079 PMCID: PMC7654528 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s279837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is becoming one of the most common public health problems worldwide. In particular, central obesity which indicates abnormal fat accumulation in the abdominal regions is highly associated with the risk of getting cardiometabolic diseases and their progression to end stage diseases or death. However, in developing countries, including Ethiopia less attention has been given to analyze the magnitude and associated factors of it. Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence of central obesity and its associated factors among adults in urban areas of Northwest Ethiopia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 773 adults who lived in urban areas of Northwest Ethiopia from April 1 to May 30, 2019. Central obesity was assessed using both waist to hip ratio and waist circumference of the participants. Data were analyzed using STATA 14.0. The factors associated with central obesity were identified by binary logistic regression analyses using 95% confidence interval and the degree of association of the factors was measured using adjusted odds ratio (AOR). P-value <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. RESULTS The prevalence of central obesity with waist circumference and waist to hip ratio definition criteria was 37.6% and 35.7%, respectively. According to body mass index, about 26.26% and 10.29% of the study participants were overweight and obese, respectively. A one-year increase in age (AOR=1.05; 95%CI: 1.03-1.07), being female (AOR=9.62; 95%CI: 4.84-19.12) and eating of liquid oils (AOR=2.58; 95%CI: 1.71-3.90) were found to have statistically significant variables with central obesity. CONCLUSION The prevalence of central obesity was relatively high in comparison with similar studies. Thus, governmental and nongovernmental organizations that work in the health system as well as health professionals should focus on the preventive measure of central obesity to control its associated disorders at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meseret Derbew Molla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Meseret Derbew Molla Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, PO Box 196, Gondar, EthiopiaTel +251 918331617 Email
| | - Haileab Fekadu Wolde
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asmamaw Atnafu
- Department of Health System and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Dabat Research Centre Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Institute of Public Health College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Jasbi P, Baker O, Shi X, Gonzalez LA, Wang S, Anderson S, Xi B, Gu H, Johnston CS. Daily red wine vinegar ingestion for eight weeks improves glucose homeostasis and affects the metabolome but does not reduce adiposity in adults. Food Funct 2019; 10:7343-7355. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01082c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study to investigate the effects of vinegar on adiposity and glycemia using both anthropometrics and metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paniz Jasbi
- College of Health Solutions
- Arizona State University
- Phoenix
- USA
| | - Olivia Baker
- College of Health Solutions
- Arizona State University
- Phoenix
- USA
| | - Xiaojian Shi
- College of Health Solutions
- Arizona State University
- Phoenix
- USA
| | | | - Shuai Wang
- College of Health Solutions
- Arizona State University
- Phoenix
- USA
| | - Summer Anderson
- College of Health Solutions
- Arizona State University
- Phoenix
- USA
| | - Bowei Xi
- Department of Statistics
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- College of Health Solutions
- Arizona State University
- Phoenix
- USA
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Shapo L, Pomerleau J, McKee M. Physical Inactivity in a country in transition: a population-based survey in Tirana City, Albania. Scand J Public Health 2016; 32:60-7. [PMID: 14757550 DOI: 10.1080/14034940310011801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Aims: This paper describes the work and leisure-time physical activity levels of adults living in Tirana City (Albania). Methods: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in Tirana City in mid-2001. It included 1120 adults aged 25 years and over (response rate=72.7%). Results: Overall, 19.3% of male and 28.4% of female respondents reported a low level of physical activity at work. During leisure time, 49.5% of men and 57.6% of women (age-standardized prevalence [adjusted to the adult population of Tirana]: 43.4% and 51.9% for men and women respectively) said that they participated in only sedentary activities such as reading and watching television. The gender difference in the likelihood of low physical activity at work and during leisure time was significant even after adjusting for age (age adjusted odds ratios (OR)=1.86 99% confidence interval (CI) 1.12; 3.09 and OR=1.60 99% CI 1.17; 2.22 respectively). The likelihood of leisure-time sedentarity increased with age in both genders but it did not vary significantly with education level or income. Being sedentary during leisure time was also not significantly associated with other unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, including smoking, consumption of vegetables less than six days per week, and daily alcohol intake. Conclusions: In a country such as Albania that has undergone a rapid transition from a largely unmechanized society, characterized inevitably by high levels of exercise, the generalized high prevalence of low physical activity level during leisure time gives cause for concern regarding future health trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laidon Shapo
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Mogre V, Aleyira S, Nyaba R. Factors associated with central overweight and obesity in students attending the University for Development Studies in Tamale, Ghana: a cross-sectional study. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2014.11734490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Relationship of Social and Lifestyle Factors with Central Fat Distribution Expressed by the Aggregate Fat Distribution Index. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/anre-2014-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Abdominal obesity is caused by several factors and the explanation of the level of its variability also depends on anthropometric indexes applied for its assessment. The aim was to determine the degree of explanation of the abdominal adiposity variation, presented by the aggregate fat distribution index (AFDI), through the socio-economic status and lifestyle. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted on a sample of 259 healthy working males aged 20-30 from the city of Cracow, Poland. A full model was created using a stepwise backward regression with the social and lifestyle data as independent variables and the AFDI as a dependent variable. The AFDI was created by unitarization applied to selected characteristics of fat distribution which were transformed into [0,1] interval (without measurement unit) and then added and averaged to form a composite index. The highest autonomous influence on AFDI is ascribed to age (b = 0.2456 p = 0.000), level of motor fitness b=−0.2392 p=0.000), leisure time physical activity (b=−0.1353 p=0.000) and being born in a rural area (b=0.1300 p=0.000). The variables explain 17% (R2=0.1667) of the variation of the central fat distribution. Variation of the abdominal adiposity was explained with the use of AFDI at the level close to the commonly applied indexes.
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Takahara M, Katakami N, Kaneto H, Noguchi M, Shimomura I. Evaluation of hypertriglyceridemia using non-fasting health checkup data in a Japanese population. J Atheroscler Thromb 2013; 20:661-9. [PMID: 23604042 DOI: 10.5551/jat.17376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Some employees have difficulty undergoing health checkups in the workplace in a fasting state. However, hypertriglyceridemia is usually diagnosed based on fasting triglyceride (TG) measurements. The current study investigated the performance of non-fasting health checkup data for predicting hypertriglyceridemia in a Japanese population. METHODS We recruited a total of 1,959 Japanese employees who had their fasting TG levels reexamined after undergoing initial health checkups under either a fasting (the fasting population; n= 856) or non-fasting state (the non-fasting population; n= 1103). Hypertriglyceridemia was defined as a fasting TG level of ≥ 1.7 mmol/l. RESULTS The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the initial TG measurements for reexamination-detected hypertriglyceridemia was 0.85 in the fasting population and 0.83 in the non-fasting population. The area under the ROC curve of the initial TG measurements in the non-fasting population was not inferior to that of the multivariate model where other non-fasting health checkup data were added. The optimal non-fasting TG cutoff point was 2.0 mmol/l. The cutoff point was further lowered when the population was limited to patients undergoing health checkups four or more hours after their last meal and when the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in the population was simulated to be reduced. CONCLUSIONS The non-fasting workplace TG measurements by themselves exhibited a tolerable performance for predicting hypertriglyceridemia. The optimal cutoff point in Japanese employees appears to be lower than 2.3 mmol/l, the recently proposed Western cutoff point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyoshi Takahara
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Liu T, Wang H, Wen X, Qiu Q, Ding P, He YH, Chen W, Yu XQ, Chen WQ. Smoking status and body fatness indicators: a cross-sectional survey among 1948 Chinese male adults. J Public Health (Oxf) 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-012-0543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Takahara M, Katakami N, Kaneto H, Noguchi M, Shimomura I. Statistical Reassessment of the Association between Waist Circumference and Clustering Metabolic Abnormalities in Japanese Population. J Atheroscler Thromb 2012. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Hallal PC, Dumith SDC, Bastos JP, Reichert FF, Siqueira FV, Azevedo MR. Evolução da pesquisa epidemiológica em atividade física no Brasil: revisão sistemática. Rev Saude Publica 2007; 41:453-60. [PMID: 17516000 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-89102007000300018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2006] [Accepted: 02/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Descrever a evolução da pesquisa epidemiológica em atividade física no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Revisão sistemática da literatura, realizada em bases de dados eletrônicas (Medline/PubMed, Lilacs, Ovid, Science Direct, BioMed Central e High Wire), em periódicos nacionais não indexados, por busca específica por autores e contato com pesquisadores. A seleção dos artigos teve como critérios de inclusão: amostra representativa de alguma população definida; tamanho da amostra de pelo menos 500 indivíduos; coleta de dados realizada no Brasil; mensuração de atividade física e relato dos resultados com base nessa variável. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 42 estudos. O primeiro artigo foi publicado em 1990, observando-se tendência de aumento de publicações a partir de 2000. Foi detectada disparidade regional nas publicações, com concentração de estudos nas regiões Sudeste e Sul. A maioria dos estudos (93%) utilizou questionários como instrumentos de pesquisa, cujos conteúdos variaram, assim como as definições operacionais de sedentarismo, dificultando a comparação dos resultados. CONCLUSÕES: Embora a literatura em epidemiologia da atividade física venha crescendo quantitativamente no Brasil, limitações metodológicas dificultam a comparação entre os estudos, tornando a padronização de instrumentos e definições essenciais para o avanço científico da área.
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Suder A. Socioeconomic and lifestyle determinants of body fat distribution in young working males from Cracow, Poland. Am J Hum Biol 2007; 20:100-9. [PMID: 17963225 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Suder
- Department of Physiotherapy, Academy of Physical Education, 31-571 Cracow, Poland.
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12
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Kaleta D, Makowiec-Dabrowska T, Jegier A. Occupational And Leisure-Time Energy Expenditure And Body Mass Index. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2007; 20:9-16. [PMID: 17509966 DOI: 10.2478/v10001-007-0009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Almost all over the world, both high- and low-income countries have been experiencing the obesity epidemic. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between occupational energy expenditure and body mass index (BMI). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed in a randomly selected group of 508 full-time employees, including 272 men (mean age, 42.6 +/- 10.6 years) and 236 women (mean age, 41.5 +/- 9.9 years). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals as well as to control the effects of occupational workload and BMI. Physical activity was determined by the Seven Day Physical Activity Recall (SDPAR). RESULTS The multifactorial logistic regression analysis did not indicate that weekly energy expenditure on occupational physical activity (kcal/week) was linked with the risk for BMI over 25 (kg/m). But leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) was associated with BMI level in both men and women. In the group of men declaring no energy expenditure on physical activity, the risk for BMI > 25 (kg/m) was significantly higher than among men expending 1000 kcal/week or more on LTPA (adjusted OR = 1.05; 95%CI: 1.03-2.27). Also, among women not taking up any recreational physical activity, the risk of BMI > 25 (kg/m) was higher than in females, reaching a satisfactory level of recreational physical activity (adjusted OR = 2.39; 95%CI: 1.07-7.42). A higher educational attainment and a higher socioeconomic status were also associated with a lower risk of unhealthy body weight in the study participants. CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic schedules associated with management of overweight and obesity should be addressed to all adults, above all to older age groups. Future programs aimed at decreasing the spread of overweight and obesity in adults should consider an improvement in health habits, including leisure-time physical activity and diet as well as socioeconomic factors. Targeted health education interventions should assist in reducing the obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kaleta
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Łódź, Poland.
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Hajian-Tilaki KO, Heidari B. Prevalence of obesity, central obesity and the associated factors in urban population aged 20-70 years, in the north of Iran: a population-based study and regression approach. Obes Rev 2007; 8:3-10. [PMID: 17212790 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2006.00235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an undesirable outcome of changing of lifestyle and behaviours. It is also reversible predisposing factor for the development of several debilitating diseases. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence rate of obesity, overweight, central obesity and their associated factors in the north of Iran. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study with a sample of 1800 women and 1800 men with respective mean ages of 37.5 +/- 13.0 and 38.5 +/- 14.2 years of urban population aged 20-70 years living in the north of Iran. The demographic and lifestyle data, in particular, age, gender, marital status, marriage age, family history of obesity, educational level, occupation, occupational and leisure time physical activity, duration of exercise per week, parity and the number of children were collected with a designed questionnaire. Diagnosis of obesity and central obesity were confirmed by the WHO standard recommended method by determining of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Logistic regression model was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval. Over half of the study subjects were at educational levels of high school or higher; 79.4% of population was married and 35.3% had a family history of parental obesity. The majority of subjects in particular women had none or low levels of physical activity. The overall prevalence rates of obesity and overweight were 18.8% and 34.8% respectively. The overall prevalence rate of central obesity was 28.3%. The rate of obesity in women was higher than men (P < 0.0001). In both genders, particularly in the women, the rate of obesity was raised by increasing age. There was an inverse relation between the risk of obesity and marriage age, the high level of education (OR = 0.19, P < 0.0001), severe occupational activity (OR = 0.44, P < 0.0001), the level of exercise (in subjects with 3-4 h exercise per week, OR = 0.58, P < 0.001) and leisure time activity. Marriage, history of parental obesity and parity > or =5 were associated with increased risk of obesity (OR = 2.2, P < 0.001 and OR = 2.43, P < 0.0001 and OR = 3.73, P < 0.0001 respectively). The results of this study indicate an increased rate of obesity and overweigh in the north population of Iran. With respect to these findings, low level of activity and education, parity, family history of obesity, marriage at earlier age and ageing are responsible for both obesity and central obesity in the north of Iran. Therefore, a community-based multiple strategies are required to combat with increasing rate of obesity and its subsequent complications such as diabetes, coronary artery disease, hypertension and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Hajian-Tilaki
- Department of Social Medicine and Health, Babol Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Bamia C, Trichopoulou A, Lenas D, Trichopoulos D. Tobacco smoking in relation to body fat mass and distribution in a general population sample. Int J Obes (Lond) 2004; 28:1091-6. [PMID: 15197410 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of variable amounts of tobacco smoking on body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio among current smokers. DESIGN Population-based cohort study. SUBJECTS A total of 22 059 apparently healthy men and women, who enrolled in the Greek EPIC cohort, aged 25-84 years, who had never smoked (14 751) or were current cigarette smokers (7308). MEASUREMENTS Body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio (by anthropomentry), amount of tobacco smoking and energy expenditure (by an interviewer-administered, lifestyle questionnaire), energy intake and ethanol intake (by an interviewer-administered, validated, semiquantitative, food frequency questionnaire), at enrollment. RESULTS In comparison to nonsmokers, smokers of the average number of cigarettes have lower body mass index. Among smokers, however, increased amount of smoking tends to be positively associated with body mass index, particularly among men. Waist-to-hip ratio is positively associated with amount of cigarettes smoked per day, among both men and women. CONCLUSION Among smokers, tobacco smoking is positively associated with body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio. Our data suggest that the lower body mass index of smokers compared to nonsmokers reflects personality characteristics of those who choose to smoke and that the tendency to gain weight after smoking cessation may have behavioral rather than tobacco-related pharmacological roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bamia
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
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Ramos de Marins VM, Almeida RMVR, Pereira RA, de Azevedo Barros MB. The relationship between parental nutritional status and overweight children/adolescents in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Public Health 2004; 118:43-9. [PMID: 14643626 DOI: 10.1016/s0033-3506(03)00145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between overweight parents and overweight children/adolescents was investigated in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil between 1995 and 1996, controlling for the influence of socio-economic and demographic factors. METHODS Data were obtained from a two-stage, residence-based, random sample survey of children and adolescents aged 6-19 years and their parents. Body mass index (BMI) was used to classify nutritional status. Initially, a logistic regression model was built, using an indicator of parental weight (maternal BMI) as one of the independent variables and the child/adolescent's BMI as the dependent variable. Following that, the association between socio-economic and demographic variables and overweight children/adolescents was analysed in a univariate analysis. These variables were pre-selected for inclusion in the logistic model, provided that their levels of statistical significance were below P=0.25, and were added to the model individually according to the order of association strength in the univariate analysis. Finally, variables were retained in this model at a significance level of P=0.05. RESULTS This study found that 20.7% of girls and 26.9% of boys were overweight, with a larger prevalence among children aged less than 9 years. In addition to maternal BMI, the predictors of overweight children and adolescents were age, gender and the number of people in a house. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the relationship between maternal nutritional status and overweight children and adolescents, suggesting that obesity-prevention programmes should be focused on the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Ramos de Marins
- Nutrition College, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Shapo L, Pomerleau J, McKee M, Coker R, Ylli A. Body weight patterns in a country in transition: a population-based survey in Tirana City, Albania. Public Health Nutr 2003; 6:471-7. [PMID: 12943563 DOI: 10.1079/phn2002451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper reports the distribution and determinants of body mass index (BMI) and obesity in Tirana City (Albania). DESIGN Cross-sectional survey conducted in mid-2001. SETTING Tirana City. SUBJECTS One thousand one hundred and twenty adults aged 25 years and over (response rate 72.7%), selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. RESULTS Over three-quarters of male and female respondents had an excess body weight. The overall population prevalence of obesity in Tirana was estimated to be 22.0% in men and 30.9% in women. Obesity affected both genders (age-standardised prevalence in males 22.0%, females 30.9%; age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.89; 99% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-2.67) and all age groups, but most particularly middle-aged women. The age-standardised overall prevalence of central obesity was 21.6% in men and 29.4% in women (age-adjusted OR 1.58; 99% CI 1.11-2.25), increasing with age (P<0.01). In women, the likelihood of being obese was inversely related to educational achievement (trend P=0.001) and alcohol consumption (trend P=0.009). Income, smoking and leisure-time physical activity were not associated with obesity. CONCLUSIONS Excess weight and obesity are major public health problems in the adult population of Tirana, but most particularly in middle-aged women. The high obesity prevalence observed along with the recent decrease in physical activity, dietary changes and increase in smoking prevalence make it probable that there will be substantial increases in many non-communicable diseases in Albania in the coming decades. Health promotion strategies are needed that prevent excess weight gain in the Albanian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laidon Shapo
- European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, UK.
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Shen W, Wang Z, Punyanita M, Lei J, Sinav A, Kral JG, Imielinska C, Ross R, Heymsfield SB. Adipose tissue quantification by imaging methods: a proposed classification. OBESITY RESEARCH 2003; 11:5-16. [PMID: 12529479 PMCID: PMC1894646 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2003.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in imaging techniques and understanding of differences in the molecular biology of adipose tissue has rendered classical anatomy obsolete, requiring a new classification of the topography of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is one of the largest body compartments, yet a classification that defines specific adipose tissue depots based on their anatomic location and related functions is lacking. The absence of an accepted taxonomy poses problems for investigators studying adipose tissue topography and its functional correlates. The aim of this review was to critically examine the literature on imaging of whole body and regional adipose tissue and to create the first systematic classification of adipose tissue topography. Adipose tissue terminology was examined in over 100 original publications. Our analysis revealed inconsistencies in the use of specific definitions, especially for the compartment termed "visceral" adipose tissue. This analysis leads us to propose an updated classification of total body and regional adipose tissue, providing a well-defined basis for correlating imaging studies of specific adipose tissue depots with molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- Obesity Research Center, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital and Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10025, USA.
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de Marins VMR, Almeida RMVR, Pereira RA, Barros MBDA. Overweight and risk of overweight in schoolchildren in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: prevalence and characteristics. ANNALS OF TROPICAL PAEDIATRICS 2002; 22:137-44. [PMID: 12070949 DOI: 10.1179/027249302125000869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The association of overweight and risk of overweight with socio-economic and demographic variables was investigated among schoolchildren in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil between 1995 and 1996. Data were obtained by direct interview and physical examination of boys and girls aged between 6 and 11 years in a two-stage, random sample, population-based survey. Univariate analysis was performed on the association between socio-economic and demographic predictors of overweight/risk of overweight and the dependent variables, i.e. body mass index (BMI), triceps skinfold and subscapular skinfold. Based on this analysis, logistic regression models were developed. The prevalence of overweight and risk of overweight was 37.8% in girls and 36.4% in boys. For the BMI model, the variables retained were age and number of persons per household; for the triceps skinfold model, the variables were age, gender and area of residence; and age, gender and persons/household were the variables for the subscapular skinfold model. The results suggest that both BMI and skinfold indicators should be used to assess overweight/risk of overweight and that public health programmes for schoolchildren should be developed to combat the alarming increase in obesity.
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