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Min X, Deng XH, Lao H, Wu ZC, Chen Y, Luo Y, Wu H, Wang J, Fu QL, Xiong H. BDNF-enriched small extracellular vesicles protect against noise-induced hearing loss in mice. J Control Release 2023; 364:546-561. [PMID: 37939851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is one of the most prevalent acquired sensorineural hearing loss etiologies and is characterized by the loss of cochlear hair cells, synapses, and nerve terminals. Currently, there are no agents available for the treatment of NIHL because drug delivery to the inner ear is greatly limited by the blood-labyrinth barrier. In this study, we used mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) as nanoscale vehicles to deliver brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and evaluated their protective effects in a mouse model of NIHL. Following intravenous administration, BDNF-loaded sEVs (BDNF-sEVs) efficiently increased the expression of BDNF protein in the cochlea. Systemic application of sEVs and BDNF-sEVs significantly attenuated noise-induced cochlear hair cell loss and NIHL in CBA/J mice. BDNF-sEVs also alleviated noise-induced loss of inner hair cell ribbon synapses and cochlear nerve terminals. In cochlear explants, sEVs and BDNF-sEVs effectively protected hair cells against H2O2-induced cell loss. Additionally, BDNF-sEVs remarkably ameliorated H2O2-induced oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and cochlear nerve terminal degeneration. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that many mRNAs and miRNAs were involved in the protective actions of BDNF-sEVs against oxidative stress. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel therapeutic strategy of MSC-sEVs-mediated BDNF delivery for the treatment of NIHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Min
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hui Deng
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Extracellular Vesicle Research and Clinical Translational Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Huilin Lao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Zi-Cong Wu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Extracellular Vesicle Research and Clinical Translational Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Yuelian Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Haoyang Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Junbo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Qing-Ling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Extracellular Vesicle Research and Clinical Translational Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
| | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China.
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Tsuzuki N, Namba K, Saegusa C, Mutai H, Nishiyama T, Oishi N, Matsunaga T, Fujioka M, Ozawa H. Apoptosis of type I spiral ganglion neuron cells in Otof-mutant mice. Neurosci Lett 2023; 803:137178. [PMID: 36914046 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Otof, which encodes otoferlin, knockout mice are considered model mice for auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder, which is characterized by an absent auditory brainstem response (ABR) despite preserved distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). Although otoferlin-deficient mice lack neurotransmitter release at the inner hair cell (IHC) synapse, it remains unclear how the Otof mutation affects spiral ganglions. Thus, we used Otof-mutant mice carrying the Otoftm1a(KOMP)Wtsi allele (Otoftm1a) and analyzed spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in Otoftm1a/tm1a mice by immunolabeling type Ⅰ SGNs (SGN-Ⅰ) and type II SGNs (SGN-II). We also examined apoptotic cells in SGNs. Four-week-old Otoftm1a/tm1a mice had an absent ABR but normal DPOAEs. The number of SGNs was significantly lower in Otoftm1a/tm1a mice on postnatal day 7 (P7), P14, and P28 compared with that of wild-type mice. Moreover, significantly more apoptotic SGNs were observed in Otoftm1a/tm1a mice than in wild-type mice on P7, P14, and P28. SGN-IIs were not significantly reduced in Otoftm1a/tm1a mice on P7, P14, and P28. No apoptotic SGN-IIs were observed under our experimental conditions. In summary, Otoftm1a/tm1a mice showed a reduction in SGNs accompanied by apoptosis of SGN-Ⅰs even before the onset of hearing. We speculate that the reduction in SGNs with apoptosis is a secondary defect caused by a lack of otoferlin in IHCs. Appropriate glutamatergic synaptic inputs may be important for the survival of SGNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyoshi Tsuzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Division of Hearing and Balance Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1, Higashigaoka, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1, Higashigaoka, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Namba
- Division of Hearing and Balance Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1, Higashigaoka, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Chika Saegusa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Hideki Mutai
- Division of Hearing and Balance Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1, Higashigaoka, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan.
| | - Takanori Nishiyama
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naoki Oishi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Tatsuo Matsunaga
- Division of Hearing and Balance Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1, Higashigaoka, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1, Higashigaoka, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan.
| | - Masato Fujioka
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan; Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Ozawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Ritter KE, Lynch SM, Gorris AM, Beyer LA, Kabara L, Dolan DF, Raphael Y, Martin DM. Loss of the chromatin remodeler CHD7 impacts glial cells and myelination in the mouse cochlear spiral ganglion. Hear Res 2022; 426:108633. [PMID: 36288662 PMCID: PMC10184650 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is a multiple anomaly developmental disorder characterized by a variety of sensory deficits, including sensorineural hearing loss of unknown etiology. Most cases of CHARGE are caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in CHD7, the gene encoding Chromodomain DNA-binding Protein 7 (CHD7), a chromatin remodeler important for the development of neurons and glial cells. Previous studies in the Chd7Gt/+ mouse model of CHARGE syndrome showed substantial neuron loss in the early stages of the developing inner ear that are compensated for by mid-gestation. In this study, we sought to determine if early developmental delays caused by Chd7 haploinsufficiency affect neurons, glial cells, and inner hair cell innervation in the mature cochlea. Analysis of auditory brainstem response recordings in Chd7Gt/+ adult animals showed elevated thresholds at 4 kHz and 16 kHz, but no differences in ABR Wave I peak latency or amplitude compared to wild type controls. Proportions of neurons in the Chd7Gt/+ adult spiral ganglion and densities of nerve projections from the spiral ganglion to the organ of Corti were not significantly different from wild type controls. Inner hair cell synapse formation also appeared unaffected in mature Chd7Gt/+ cochleae. However, histological analysis of adult Chd7Gt/+ cochleae revealed diminished satellite glial cells and hypermyelinated Type I spiral ganglion axons. We characterized the expression of CHD7 in developing inner ear glia and found CHD7 to be expressed during a tight window of inner ear development at the Schwann cell precursor stage at E9.5. While cochlear neurons appear to differentiate normally in the setting of Chd7 haploinsufficiency, our results suggest an important role for CHD7 in glial cells in the inner ear. This study highlights the dynamic nature of CHD7 activity during inner ear development in mice and contributes to understanding CHARGE syndrome pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Elaine Ritter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sloane M Lynch
- College of Literature, Science and Art, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ashley M Gorris
- College of Literature, Science and Art, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lisa A Beyer
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lisa Kabara
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David F Dolan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yehoash Raphael
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Donna M Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Bridging the electrode-neuron gap: finite element modeling of in vitro neurotrophin gradients to optimize neuroelectronic interfaces in the inner ear. Acta Biomater 2022; 151:360-378. [PMID: 36007779 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although cochlear implant (CI) technology has allowed for the partial restoration of hearing over the last few decades, persistent challenges (e.g., poor performance in noisy environments and limited ability to decode intonation and music) remain. The "electrode-neuron gap" is inherent to these challenges and poses the most significant obstacle to advancing past the current plateau in CI performance. We propose the development of a "neuro-regenerative nexus"-a biological interface that doubly preserves native spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) while precisely directing the growth of neurites arising from transplanted human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived otic neuronal progenitors (ONPs) toward the native SGN population. We hypothesized that the Polyhedrin Delivery System (PODS®-recombinant human brain-derived neurotrophic factor [rhBDNF]) could stably provide the adequate BDNF concentration gradient to hPSC-derived late-stage ONPs to facilitate otic neuronal differentiation and directional neurite outgrowth. To test this hypothesis, a finite element model (FEM) was constructed to simulate BDNF concentration profiles generated by PODS®-rhBDNF based on initial concentration and culture device geometry. For biological validation of the FEM, cell culture experiments assessing survival, differentiation, neurite growth direction, and synaptic connections were conducted using a multi-chamber microfluidic device. We were able to successfully generate the optimal BDNF concentration gradient to enable survival, neuronal differentiation toward SGNs, directed neurite extension of hPSC-derived SGNs, and synaptogenesis between two hPSC-derived SGN populations. This proof-of-concept study provides a step toward the next generation of CI technology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Our study demonstrates that the generation of in vitro neurotrophin concentration gradients facilitates survival, neuronal differentiation toward auditory neurons, and directed neurite extension of human pluripotent stem cell-derived auditory neurons. These findings are indispensable to designing a bioactive cochlear implant, in which stem cell-derived neurons are integrated into a cochlear implant electrode strip, as the strategy will confer directional neurite growth from the transplanted cells in the inner ear. This study is the first to present the concept of a "neuro-regenerative nexus" congruent with a bioactive cochlear implant to eliminate the electrode-neuron gapthe most significant barrier to next-generation cochlear implant technology.
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Bazzari AH, Bazzari FH. BDNF Therapeutic Mechanisms in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158417. [PMID: 35955546 PMCID: PMC9368938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most abundant neurotrophin in the adult brain and functions as both a primary neurotrophic signal and a neuromodulator. It serves essential roles in neuronal development, maintenance, transmission, and plasticity, thereby influencing aging, cognition, and behavior. Accumulating evidence associates reduced central and peripheral BDNF levels with various neuropsychiatric disorders, supporting its potential utilization as a biomarker of central pathologies. Subsequently, extensive research has been conducted to evaluate restoring, or otherwise augmenting, BDNF transmission as a potential therapeutic approach. Promising results were indeed observed for genetic BDNF upregulation or exogenous administration using a multitude of murine models of neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, varying mechanisms have been proposed to underlie the observed therapeutic effects, and many findings indicate the engagement of disease-specific and other non-specific mechanisms. This is because BDNF essentially affects all aspects of neuronal cellular function through tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor signaling, the disruptions of which vary between brain regions across different pathologies leading to diversified consequences on cognition and behavior. Herein, we review the neurophysiology of BDNF transmission and signaling and classify the converging and diverging molecular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic potentials in neuropsychiatric disorders. These include neuroprotection, synaptic maintenance, immunomodulation, plasticity facilitation, secondary neuromodulation, and preservation of neurovascular unit integrity and cellular viability. Lastly, we discuss several findings suggesting BDNF as a common mediator of the therapeutic actions of centrally acting pharmacological agents used in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad H. Bazzari
- Faculty of Medicine, Arab American University, 13 Zababdeh, Jenin 240, Palestine
- Correspondence:
| | - Firas H. Bazzari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab American University, 13 Zababdeh, Jenin 240, Palestine;
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Blebea CM, Ujvary LP, Necula V, Dindelegan MG, Perde-Schrepler M, Stamate MC, Cosgarea M, Maniu AA. Current Concepts and Future Trends in Increasing the Benefits of Cochlear Implantation: A Narrative Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:747. [PMID: 35744010 PMCID: PMC9229893 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common neurosensory disorder, and with the constant increase in etiological factors, combined with early detection protocols, numbers will continue to rise. Cochlear implantation has become the gold standard for patients with severe hearing loss, and interest has shifted from implantation principles to the preservation of residual hearing following the procedure itself. As the audiological criteria for cochlear implant eligibility have expanded to include patients with good residual hearing, more attention is focused on complementary development of otoprotective agents, electrode design, and surgical approaches. The focus of this review is current aspects of preserving residual hearing through a summary of recent trends regarding surgical and pharmacological fundamentals. Subsequently, the assessment of new pharmacological options, novel bioactive molecules (neurotrophins, growth factors, etc.), nanoparticles, stem cells, and gene therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Maria Blebea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (C.M.B.); (V.N.); (M.G.D.); (M.C.S.); (M.C.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Laszlo Peter Ujvary
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (C.M.B.); (V.N.); (M.G.D.); (M.C.S.); (M.C.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Violeta Necula
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (C.M.B.); (V.N.); (M.G.D.); (M.C.S.); (M.C.); (A.A.M.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital Cluj, 400347 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Maximilian George Dindelegan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (C.M.B.); (V.N.); (M.G.D.); (M.C.S.); (M.C.); (A.A.M.)
| | | | - Mirela Cristina Stamate
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (C.M.B.); (V.N.); (M.G.D.); (M.C.S.); (M.C.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Marcel Cosgarea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (C.M.B.); (V.N.); (M.G.D.); (M.C.S.); (M.C.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Alma Aurelia Maniu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (C.M.B.); (V.N.); (M.G.D.); (M.C.S.); (M.C.); (A.A.M.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital Cluj, 400347 Cluj Napoca, Romania
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Zhang L, Chen S, Sun Y. Mechanism and Prevention of Spiral Ganglion Neuron Degeneration in the Cochlea. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:814891. [PMID: 35069120 PMCID: PMC8766678 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.814891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is one of the most prevalent sensory deficits in humans, and approximately 360 million people worldwide are affected. The current treatment option for severe to profound hearing loss is cochlear implantation (CI), but its treatment efficacy is related to the survival of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). SGNs are the primary sensory neurons, transmitting complex acoustic information from hair cells to second-order sensory neurons in the cochlear nucleus. In mammals, SGNs have very limited regeneration ability, and SGN loss causes irreversible hearing loss. In most cases of SNHL, SGN damage is the dominant pathogenesis, and it could be caused by noise exposure, ototoxic drugs, hereditary defects, presbycusis, etc. Tremendous efforts have been made to identify novel treatments to prevent or reverse the damage to SGNs, including gene therapy and stem cell therapy. This review summarizes the major causes and the corresponding mechanisms of SGN loss and the current protection strategies, especially gene therapy and stem cell therapy, to promote the development of new therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sen Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Azadegan-Dehkordi F, Koohiyan M, Hoseini M. An update on autosomal recessive hearing loss and loci involved in it. INDIAN JOURNAL OF OTOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_115_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Vink HA, Versnel H, Kroon S, Klis SFL, Ramekers D. BDNF-mediated preservation of spiral ganglion cell peripheral processes and axons in comparison to that of their cell bodies. Hear Res 2020; 400:108114. [PMID: 33271438 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.108114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Treatment with neurotrophins prevents degeneration of spiral ganglion cells (SGCs) after severe hair cell loss. In a previous study we demonstrated a long-lasting effect with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) after cessation of treatment. In that study the survival of the SGC cell bodies was examined. Here we address the question whether their peripheral processes and central processes (axons) were protected by this treatment as well in the cochleas of the aforementioned study. Guinea pigs were deafened by co-administration of kanamycin and furosemide. Two weeks after deafening the right cochleas were implanted with an intracochlear electrode array combined with a cannula connected to an osmotic pump filled with BDNF solution. Four weeks later the treatment was stopped by surgically removing the osmotic pump. At that point, or another four or eight weeks later, the animals were sacrificed for histological analysis. Control groups consisted of normal-hearing animals, and three groups of deafened animals: two-weeks-deaf untreated animals, and six- and fourteen-weeks-deaf sham-treated animals. Cochleas were processed for analysis of: (1) the myelinated portion of peripheral processes in the osseous spiral lamina, (2) the cell bodies in Rosenthal's canal, and (3) axons in the internal acoustic meatus. Packing densities and cross-sectional areas were determined using light microscopy. Up to eight weeks after treatment cessation the numbers of peripheral processes and axons were significantly higher than in untreated cochleas of control animals. Whereas the numbers of cell bodies and axons were similar to those at the start of treatment, the peripheral processes were significantly less well preserved. This smaller protective effect was found mainly in the apical turns. Strategies to prevent SGC degeneration after hair cell loss should consider the differential effects on the various neural elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk A Vink
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Room G.02.531, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Huib Versnel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Room G.02.531, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Steven Kroon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Room G.02.531, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sjaak F L Klis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Room G.02.531, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Dyan Ramekers
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Room G.02.531, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Jimenez JE, Nourbakhsh A, Colbert B, Mittal R, Yan D, Green CL, Nisenbaum E, Liu G, Bencie N, Rudman J, Blanton SH, Zhong Liu X. Diagnostic and therapeutic applications of genomic medicine in progressive, late-onset, nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss. Gene 2020; 747:144677. [PMID: 32304785 PMCID: PMC7244213 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The progressive, late-onset, nonsyndromic, sensorineural hearing loss (PNSHL) is the most common cause of sensory impairment globally, with presbycusis affecting greater than a third of individuals over the age of 65. The etiology underlying PNSHL include presbycusis, noise-induced hearing loss, drug ototoxicity, and delayed-onset autosomal dominant hearing loss (AD PNSHL). The objective of this article is to discuss the potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of genomic medicine in PNSHL. Genomic factors contribute greatly to PNSHL. The heritability of presbycusis ranges from 25 to 75%. Current therapies for PNSHL range from sound amplification to cochlear implantation (CI). PNSHL is an excellent candidate for genomic medicine approaches as it is common, has well-described pathophysiology, has a wide time window for treatment, and is amenable to local gene therapy by currently utilized procedural approaches. AD PNSHL is especially suited to genomic medicine approaches that can disrupt the expression of an aberrant protein product. Gene therapy is emerging as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PNSHL. Viral gene delivery approaches have demonstrated promising results in human clinical trials for two inherited causes of blindness and are being used for PNSHL in animal models and a human trial. Non-viral gene therapy approaches are useful in situations where a transient biologic effect is needed or for delivery of genome editing reagents (such as CRISPR/Cas9) into the inner ear. Many gene therapy modalities that have proven efficacious in animal trials have potential to delay or prevent PNSHL in humans. The development of new treatment modalities for PNSHL will lead to improved quality of life of many affected individuals and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin E Jimenez
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aida Nourbakhsh
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Brett Colbert
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute of Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Denise Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Carlos L Green
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eric Nisenbaum
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - George Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nicole Bencie
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jason Rudman
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Susan H Blanton
- Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute of Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Xue Zhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute of Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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11
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Blakley BW, Seaman M, Alenezi A. Brain-derived nerve growth factor in the cochlea - a reproducibility study. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 49:37. [PMID: 32503640 PMCID: PMC7275362 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-020-00432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF) plays an important role in cochlear development so it is plausible that it could restore hearing loss if delivered directly into the cochlea. We wished to confirm our previous report that a single intracochlear injection of brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF) was beneficial for hearing in guinea pigs. We wished to assess the reproducibility of our results and assess possible improved methods with a view to developing a clinical treatment for sensorineural hearing loss. Methods CDDP was used to create partial hearing loss in 25 guinea pigs. After 30 days the animals underwent ABR testing and unilateral BDNF injection through the round window in one ear and saline injection into the other ear. After allowing possible effects to stabilize, thirty days later, ABR threshold testing was repeated to assess change in threshold. Results Final ABR thresholds were 60–70 dB and were about 11 dB better in the ears treated with BDNF. Conclusion Our original finding that Intracochlear BDNF can improve hearing in guinea pigs was confirmed, but the improvement demonstrated by the methods in this paper is too small for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Blakley
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 1R9, Canada.
| | - Michael Seaman
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Abdulrahman Alenezi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 1R9, Canada
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12
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Bai X, Zhang F, Xiao Y, Jin Y, Zheng Q, Wang H, Xu L. Identification of two novel mutations in POU4F3 gene associated with autosomal dominant hearing loss in Chinese families. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6978-6987. [PMID: 32390314 PMCID: PMC7299729 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant non‐syndromic hearing loss is genetically heterogeneous with 47 genes identified to date, including POU4F3. In this study, by using a next‐generation sequencing panel targeting 127 deafness genes, we identified a pathogenic frameshift mutation c.704_705del and a missense mutation c.593G>A in two three‐generation Chinese families with late‐onset progressive ADNSHL, respectively. The novel mutations of POU4F3 co‐segregated with the deafness phenotype in these two families. c.704_705del caused a frameshift p.T235fs and c.593G>A caused an amino acid substitution of p.R198H. Both mutations led to an abnormal and incomplete protein structure. POU4F3 with either of the two mutations was transiently transfected into HEI‐OC1 and HEK 293 cell lines and immunofluorescence assay was performed to investigate the subcellular localization of mutated protein. The results indicated that both c.704_705del (p.T235fs) and c.593G>A (p.R198H) could impair the nuclear localization function of POU4F3. The p.R198H POU4F3 protein was detected as a weak band of the correct molecular weight, indicating that the stability of p.R198H POU4F3 differed from that of the wild‐type protein. While, the p.T235fs POU4F3 protein was expressed with a smaller molecular weight, implying this mutation result in a frameshift and premature termination of the POU4F3 protein. In summary, we report two novel mutations of POU4F3 associated with progressive ADNSHL and explored their effects on POU4F3 nuclear localization. These findings expanded the mutation spectrum of POU4F3 and provided new knowledge for the pathogenesis of POU4F3 in hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Bai
- Otologic Center, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengguo Zhang
- Otologic Center, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Xiao
- Otologic Center, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Otologic Center, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingyin Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Haibo Wang
- Otologic Center, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Otologic Center, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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13
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Leake PA, Akil O, Lang H. Neurotrophin gene therapy to promote survival of spiral ganglion neurons after deafness. Hear Res 2020; 394:107955. [PMID: 32331858 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.107955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hearing impairment is a major health and economic concern worldwide. Currently, the cochlear implant (CI) is the standard of care for remediation of severe to profound hearing loss, and in general, contemporary CIs are highly successful. But there is great variability in outcomes among individuals, especially in children, with many CI users deriving much less or even marginal benefit. Much of this variability is related to differences in auditory nerve survival, and there has been substantial interest in recent years in exploring potential therapies to improve survival of the cochlear spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) after deafness. Preclinical studies using osmotic pumps and other approaches in deafened animal models to deliver neurotrophic factors (NTs) directly to the cochlea have shown promising results, especially with Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). More recent studies have focused on the use of NT gene therapy to force expression of NTs by target cells within the cochlea. This could provide the means for a one-time treatment to promote long-term NT expression and improve neural survival after deafness. This review summarizes the evidence for the efficacy of exogenous NTs in preventing SGN degeneration after hearing loss and reviews the animal research to date suggesting that NT gene therapy can elicit long-term NT expression in the cochlea, resulting in significantly improved SGN and radial nerve fiber survival after deafness. In addition, we discuss NT gene therapy in other non-auditory applications and consider some of the remaining issues with regard to selecting optimal vectors, timing of treatment, and place/method of delivery, etc. that must be resolved prior to considering clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Leake
- S & I Epstein Laboratory, Dept. of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 2340 Sutter Street, Room N331, San Francisco, CA, 94115-1330, USA.
| | - Omar Akil
- S & I Epstein Laboratory, Dept. of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 2340 Sutter Street, Room N331, San Francisco, CA, 94115-1330, USA
| | - Hainan Lang
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 165 Ashley Avenue, Room RS613, Charleston, SC, 29414, USA
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14
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Van De Water TR. Historical Aspects of Gene Therapy and Stem Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Hearing and Balance Disorder. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:390-407. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Van De Water
- Cochlear Implant Research Program, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Ear InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
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15
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Büning H, Schambach A, Morgan M, Rossi A, Wichova H, Staecker H, Warnecke A, Lenarz T. Challenges and advances in translating gene therapy for hearing disorders. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2020.1707077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hildegard Büning
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Rossi
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Helena Wichova
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
| | - Hinrich Staecker
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
| | - Athanasia Warnecke
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Hearing4all Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Hearing4all Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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16
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Kondo T, Saigo S, Ugawa S, Kato M, Yoshikawa Y, Miyoshi N, Tanabe K. Prebiotic effect of fructo-oligosaccharides on the inner ear of DBA/2 J mice with early-onset progressive hearing loss. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 75:108247. [PMID: 31707282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition and dietary habits contribute to the onset and progression of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are non-digestible oligosaccharides and are known as prebiotics, which enhance short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and antioxidant activity. Although a substantial number of studies have shown that FOS play a role in the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases as prebiotics, little is known about the effects on the inner ear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of FOS on gene expression and spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) protection in the inner ear of DBA/2 J mice, which is a model for early-onset progressive hearing loss. DBA/2 J mice were fed either control diet or FOS diet contained 10% (w/w) of FOS for 8 weeks. Analysis of mice fed the FOS diet revealed a change in intestinal flora including an inversion of the ratio of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, which was followed by a significant increase in SCFAs in the cecum and a decrease in an oxidative stress marker in the serum. In the inner ear, gene expression of neurotrophin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), its receptor, tyrosine kinase receptor b (Trkb), and the SCFA receptor, free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3), were increased by FOS. In addition, the survival rate of SGNs in the inner ear was maintained in FOS-fed mice. Altogether, these results suggest that a compositional variation of the intestinal flora due to a prebiotic effect may be involved in the progression of SNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Kondo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya Women's University, 3-40 Shioji-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8610, Japan.
| | - Saori Saigo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya Women's University, 3-40 Shioji-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8610, Japan.
| | - Shinya Ugawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Mai Kato
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Yuto Yoshikawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Tanabe
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya Women's University, 3-40 Shioji-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8610, Japan.
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17
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Ma Y, Wise AK, Shepherd RK, Richardson RT. New molecular therapies for the treatment of hearing loss. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 200:190-209. [PMID: 31075354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An estimated 466 million people suffer from hearing loss worldwide. Sensorineural hearing loss is characterized by degeneration of key structures of the sensory pathway in the cochlea such as the sensory hair cells, the primary auditory neurons and their synaptic connection to the hair cells - the ribbon synapse. Various strategies to protect or regenerate these sensory cells and structures are the subject of intensive research. Yet despite recent advances in our understandings of the capacity of the cochlea for repair and regeneration there are currently no pharmacological or biological interventions for hearing loss. Current research focusses on localized cochlear drug, gene and cell-based therapies. One of the more promising drug-based therapies is based on neurotrophic factors for the repair of the ribbon synapse after noise exposure, as well as preventing loss of primary auditory neurons and regrowth of the auditory neuron fibers after severe hearing loss. Drug therapy delivery technologies are being employed to address the specific needs of neurotrophin and other therapies for hearing loss that include the need for high doses, long-term delivery, localised or cell-specific targeting and techniques for their safe and efficacious delivery to the cochlea. Novel biomaterials are enabling high payloads of drugs to be administered to the cochlea with subsequent slow-release properties that are proving to be beneficial for treating hearing loss. In parallel, new gene therapy technologies are addressing the need for cell specificity and high efficacy for the treatment of both genetic and acquired hearing loss with promising reports of hearing recovery. Some biomaterials and cell therapies are being used in conjunction with the cochlear implant ensuring therapeutic benefit to the primary neurons during electrical stimulation. This review will introduce the auditory system, hearing loss and the potential for repair and regeneration in the cochlea. Drug delivery to the cochlea will then be reviewed, with a focus on new biomaterials, gene therapy technologies, cell therapy and the use of the cochlear implant as a vehicle for drug delivery. With the current pre-clinical research effort into therapies for hearing loss, including clinical trials for gene therapy, the future for the treatment for hearing loss is looking bright.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Ma
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Chemical Engineering, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew K Wise
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Medical Bionics Department, East Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery - Otolaryngology, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert K Shepherd
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Medical Bionics Department, East Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery - Otolaryngology, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachael T Richardson
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Medical Bionics Department, East Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery - Otolaryngology, East Melbourne, Australia.
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18
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Abstract
Hearing loss is present in millions of people worldwide. Current treatment for patients with severe to profound hearing loss consists of cochlear implantation. Providing the cochlear nerve is intact, patients generally benefit greatly from this intervention, frequently achieving significant improvements in speech comprehension. There are, however, some cases where current technology does not provide patients with adequate benefit. Ongoing research in cell transplantation and gene therapy promises to lead to new developments that will improve the function of cochlear implants. Translation of these experimental approaches is presently at an early stage. This review focuses on the application of biological therapies in severe hearing loss and discusses some of the barriers to translating basic scientific research into clinical reality. We emphasize the application of these novel therapies to cochlear implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roemer
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde OE 6500, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - H Staecker
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - S Sasse
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde OE 6500, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - T Lenarz
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde OE 6500, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Warnecke
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde OE 6500, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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19
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Ye B, Wang Q, Hu H, Shen Y, Fan C, Chen P, Ma Y, Wu H, Xiang M. Restoring autophagic flux attenuates cochlear spiral ganglion neuron degeneration by promoting TFEB nuclear translocation via inhibiting MTOR. Autophagy 2019; 15:998-1016. [PMID: 30706760 PMCID: PMC6526833 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1569926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy dysfunction is associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. TFEB (transcription factor EB), an important molecule that regulates lysosomal and autophagy function, is regarded as a potential target for treating some neurodegenerative diseases. However, the relationship between autophagy dysfunction and spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) degeneration and the role of TFEB in SGN degeneration has not yet been established. Here, we showed that in degenerated SGNs, induced by sensory epithelial cell loss in the cochlea of mice following kanamycin and furosemide administration, the lipofuscin area and oxidative stress level were increased, the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic TFEB ratio was decreased, and the late stage of autophagic flux was impaired. After autophagy dysfunction was partially ameliorated with an MTOR inhibitor, which promoted TFEB translocation into the nucleus from the cytoplasm, we found that the lysosomal deficits were significantly relieved, the oxidative stress level was reduced, and the density of surviving SGNs and auditory nerve fibers was increased. The results in the present study reveal that autophagy dysfunction is an important component of SGN degeneration, and TFEB may be a potential target for attenuating SGN degeneration following sensory epithelial cell loss in the cochlea of mice. Abbreviations: 3-NT: 3-nitrotyrosine; 4-HNE: 4-hydroxynonenal; 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxy-2ʹ-deoxyguanosine; ABR: auditory brainstem response; APP: amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein; CLEAR: coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation; CTSB: cathespin B; CTSD: cathespin D; SAMR1: senescence-accelerated mouse/resistance 1; SAMP8: senescence-accelerated mouse/prone 8; MAPK1/ERK2: mitogen-activated protein kinase 1; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; SGN: spiral ganglion neuron; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TEM: transmission electron microscope; TFEB: transcription factor EB
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ye
- a Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Quan Wang
- a Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Haixia Hu
- a Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yilin Shen
- a Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Cui Fan
- a Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Penghui Chen
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yan Ma
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Hao Wu
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Mingliang Xiang
- a Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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Abstract
Sensorineural hearing impairment is the most common sensory disorder and a major health and socio-economic issue in industrialized countries. It is primarily due to the degeneration of mechanosensory hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea via complex pathophysiological mechanisms. These occur following acute and/or chronic exposure to harmful extrinsic (e.g., ototoxic drugs, noise...) and intrinsic (e.g., aging, genetic) causative factors. No clinical therapies currently exist to rescue the dying sensorineural cells or regenerate these cells once lost. Recent studies have, however, provided renewed hope, with insights into the therapeutic targets allowing the prevention and treatment of ototoxic drug- and noise-induced, age-related hearing loss as well as cochlear cell degeneration. Moreover, genetic routes involving the replacement or corrective editing of mutant sequences or defected genes are showing promise, as are cell-replacement therapies to repair damaged cells for the future restoration of hearing in deaf people. This review begins by recapitulating our current understanding of the molecular pathways that underlie cochlear sensorineural damage, as well as the survival signaling pathways that can provide endogenous protection and tissue rescue. It then guides the reader through to the recent discoveries in pharmacological, gene and cell therapy research towards hearing protection and restoration as well as their potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- INSERM UMR 1051, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Puel
- INSERM UMR 1051, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Glueckert R, Johnson Chacko L, Rask-Andersen H, Liu W, Handschuh S, Schrott-Fischer A. Anatomical basis of drug delivery to the inner ear. Hear Res 2018; 368:10-27. [PMID: 30442227 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The isolated anatomical position and blood-labyrinth barrier hampers systemic drug delivery to the mammalian inner ear. Intratympanic placement of drugs and permeation via the round- and oval window are established methods for local pharmaceutical treatment. Mechanisms of drug uptake and pathways for distribution within the inner ear are hard to predict. The complex microanatomy with fluid-filled spaces separated by tight- and leaky barriers compose various compartments that connect via active and passive transport mechanisms. Here we provide a review on the inner ear architecture at light- and electron microscopy level, relevant for drug delivery. Focus is laid on the human inner ear architecture. Some new data add information on the human inner ear fluid spaces generated with high resolution microcomputed tomography at 15 μm resolution. Perilymphatic spaces are connected with the central modiolus by active transport mechanisms of mesothelial cells that provide access to spiral ganglion neurons. Reports on leaky barriers between scala tympani and the so-called cortilymph compartment likely open the best path for hair cell targeting. The complex barrier system of tight junction proteins such as occludins, claudins and tricellulin isolates the endolymphatic space for most drugs. Comparison of relevant differences of barriers, target cells and cell types involved in drug spread between main animal models and humans shall provide some translational aspects for inner ear drug applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Glueckert
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; University Clinics Innsbruck, Tirol Kliniken, University Clinic for Ear, Nose and Throat Medicine Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - L Johnson Chacko
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - H Rask-Andersen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - W Liu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Handschuh
- VetImaging, VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Schrott-Fischer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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22
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Sriperumbudur KK, Pau HW, van Rienen U. Effect of Tissue Heterogeneity on the Transmembrane Potential of Type-1 Spiral Ganglion Neurons: A Simulation Study. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018; 65:658-668. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2017.2700361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Rudman JR, Mei C, Bressler SE, Blanton SH, Liu XZ. Precision medicine in hearing loss. J Genet Genomics 2018; 45:99-109. [PMID: 29500086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Precision medicine (PM) proposes customized medical care based on a patient's unique genome, biomarkers, environment and behaviors. Hearing loss (HL) is the most common sensorineural disorder worldwide and is frequently caused by a single genetic mutation. With recent advances in PM tools such as genetic sequencing and data analysis, the field of HL is ideally positioned to adopt the strategies of PM. Here, we review current and future applications of PM in HL as they relate to the four core qualities of PM (P4): predictive, personalized, patient-centered, and participatory. We then introduce a strategy for effective incorporation of HL PM into the design of future research studies, electronic medical records, and clinical practice to improve diagnostics, prognostics, and, ultimately, individualized patient treatment. Finally, specific anticipated ethical and economic concerns in this growing era of genomics-based HL treatment are discussed. By integrating PM principles into translational HL research and clinical practice, hearing specialists are uniquely positioned to effectively treat the heterogeneous causes and manifestations of HL on an individualized basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Rudman
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Christine Mei
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sara E Bressler
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Susan H Blanton
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Xue-Zhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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24
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Zhong C, Jiang Z, Guo Q, Zhang X. Protective effect of adenovirus-mediated erythropoietin expression on the spiral ganglion neurons in the rat inner ear. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2669-2677. [PMID: 29436578 PMCID: PMC5846647 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of erythropoietin (Epo) and the Epo receptor (Epo-R) in the spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) of the rat inner ear, and to assess the effect of Epo adenovirus vector (Ad-Epo) on the spontaneous apoptosis of SGNs. A total of 60 ears from 30 healthy neonatal (2-3 days postnatal) Sprague-Dawley rats were used to examine the expression of Epo in the SGNs. The rats were divided into three groups: The negative control group, the vector control group [infected with a green fluorescent protein expression vector (Ad-GFP)] and the Ad-Epo group (infected with Ad-Epo). The expression of Epo and Epo-R was detected by immunohistochemistry and dual immunofluorescence staining using polyclonal antibodies directed against Epo and Epo-R, followed by confocal laser-scanning microscopy. An adenovirus vector was constructed and used to transfect the cultured SGNs. Following adenovirus infection, apoptosis of the SGNs was evaluated and Epo protein expression was assessed. Epo and Epo-R were widely expressed in the plasma membrane and the cytoplasm of the SGNs, as well as in the organ of Corti and the stria vascularis within the inner ear. Epo protein expression was upregulated in the Ad-Epo group compared with that in the other two groups (P<0.05). Apoptotic cells were seldom observed at day 4 of SGN culture in the negative control group. At day 7, marked apoptotic cells were detected in the negative control group and the vector control group. The apoptosis level in the Ad-Epo group was significantly decreased compared with that in the negative control group or the vector control group at day 7 (P<0.05). In conclusion, Epo and Epo-R are expressed in the SGNs of the inner ear of the rat, and Ad-Epo can decrease the spontaneous apoptosis of SGNs, which may provide a basis for the prevention or alleviation of sensorineural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Zhendong Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Xueyuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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25
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Demir MG, Aydin S. The Effect of the Cholesterol Levels on Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 22:19-22. [PMID: 29371894 PMCID: PMC5783686 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1602774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), which is one of the most common occupational diseases among industrialized populations, is associated with longstanding exposure to high levels of noise. The pathogenesis of NIHL is not clear, but some genes and their activity at the tissue level have been investigated. Hypercholesterolemia, which can disturb the microcirculation, can be one of the underlying pathologies in hearing loss. Objective To investigate the relationship between NIHL and hypercholesterolemia. Methods The study group was selected among workers who had an occupational exposure of 85 dB of noise for at least 10 years. The audiologic assessment was recorded at seven frequencies (500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, 2,000 Hz, 3,000 Hz, 4,000 Hz, 6,000 Hz and 8,000 Hz). A total of 456 workers were included in the study and divided into two groups: the control group (252 patients) and the NIHL group (204 patients). After the audiologic measurement, blood samples were taken and investigated for blood cholesterol levels. According to these results, the groups were compared. Results Both groups were similarly distributed regarding age and occupational exposure time ( p > 0.05). We could not detect any association between cholesterol levels and noise-induced hearing loss ( p < 0.05). According to logistic regression analyses, the odds ratios are not significant for both hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia ( p > 0.05). Conclusion Noise-induced hearing loss is still a common occupational problem that can be prevented by hearing conservation programs and occupational health and safety training. Still, we know little about the relationship between NIHL and hypercholesterolemia. According to our findings, we cannot detect any relationship. Controlled studies and studies with human individuals can be made possible in the future with diagnostic innovations in tissue imaging and tissue microcircular sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sedat Aydin
- Department of ENT, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Researh State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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26
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Johnson Chacko L, Blumer MJF, Pechriggl E, Rask-Andersen H, Dietl W, Haim A, Fritsch H, Glueckert R, Dudas J, Schrott-Fischer A. Role of BDNF and neurotrophic receptors in human inner ear development. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 370:347-363. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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27
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Suzuki J, Hashimoto K, Xiao R, Vandenberghe LH, Liberman MC. Cochlear gene therapy with ancestral AAV in adult mice: complete transduction of inner hair cells without cochlear dysfunction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45524. [PMID: 28367981 PMCID: PMC5377419 DOI: 10.1038/srep45524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of viral vectors for inner ear gene therapy is receiving increased attention for treatment of genetic hearing disorders. Most animal studies to date have injected viral suspensions into neonatal ears, via the round window membrane. Achieving transduction of hair cells, or sensory neurons, throughout the cochlea has proven difficult, and no studies have been able to efficiently transduce sensory cells in adult ears while maintaining normal cochlear function. Here, we show, for the first time, successful transduction of all inner hair cells and the majority of outer hair cells in an adult cochlea via virus injection into the posterior semicircular canal. We used a “designer” AAV, AAV2/Anc80L65, in which the main capsid proteins approximate the ancestral sequence state of AAV1, 2, 8, and 9. Our injections also transduced ~10% of spiral ganglion cells and a much larger fraction of their satellite cells. In the vestibular sensory epithelia, the virus transduced large numbers of hair cells and virtually all the supporting cells, along with close to half of the vestibular ganglion cells. We conclude that this viral vector and this delivery route hold great promise for gene therapy applications in both cochlear and vestibular sense organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Suzuki
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye &Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Ken Hashimoto
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye &Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Ru Xiao
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye &Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Luk H Vandenberghe
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye &Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - M Charles Liberman
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye &Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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28
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Hu H, Ye B, Zhang L, Wang Q, Liu Z, Ji S, Liu Q, Lv J, Ma Y, Xu Y, Wu H, Huang F, Xiang M. Efr3a Insufficiency Attenuates the Degeneration of Spiral Ganglion Neurons after Hair Cell Loss. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:86. [PMID: 28424585 PMCID: PMC5372784 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is caused by an irreversible impairment of cochlear hair cells and subsequent progressive degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Eighty-five requiring 3 (Efr3) is a plasma membrane protein conserved from yeast to human, and knockout of Efr3a was reported to facilitate the survival of hippocampal newborn neurons in adult mice. Previously, we found Efr3a expression in the auditory neural pathway is upregulated soon after the destruction of hair cells. Here we conducted a time-course analysis of drug-caused damage to hearing ability, hair cells and SGNs in Efr3a knocking down mice (Efr3a−/+, Efr3a KD) and their wild type littermates. Functional examination showed that both groups of mice suffered from serious hearing loss with a higher level of severity in wild type (WT) mice. Morphologic observation following drugs administration showed that both WT and Efr3a KD mice went through progressive loss of hair cells and SGNs, in association with degenerative changes in the perikarya, intracellular organelles, cell body conformation in SGNs, and the changes of SGNs in WT mice were more severe than in Efr3a KD mice. These beneficial effects of Efr3a KD could be ascribed to an increase in the expression of some neurotrophic factors and their receptors in Efr3a KD mice. Our results indicate that Efr3a insufficiency suppresses drug-caused SNHL neurodegeneration in association with an increase in the expression of some neurotrophic factors and their receptors, which may be targeted in the treatment of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose DiseasesShanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Bin Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose DiseasesShanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose DiseasesShanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Suying Ji
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Biological Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Qiuju Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Biological Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Jingrong Lv
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Ying Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose DiseasesShanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Fude Huang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China.,Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Biological Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Mingliang Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose DiseasesShanghai, China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
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29
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Roemer A, Staecker H, Sasse S, Lenarz T, Warnecke A. [Biological therapies in otology. German version]. HNO 2017; 65:571-585. [PMID: 28204850 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-016-0304-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide suffer from hearing loss. Current treatment for patients with severe to profound hearing loss consists of cochlear implants. Providing the cochlear nerve is intact, patients generally benefit enormously from this intervention, frequently achieving significant improvements in speech comprehension. There are, however, some cases where current technology does not provide patients with adequate benefit. New therapeutic concepts based on cell transplantation and gene therapy are developing rapidly, at least in the research sector. Compared to the wealth of basic research available in this area, translation of these new experimental approaches into clinical application is presently at a very early stage. The current review focuses on translatable treatment concepts and discusses the barriers that need to be overcome in order to translate basic scientific research into clinical reality. Furthermore, the first examples of clinical application of biological therapies in severe hearing loss are presented, particularly in connection with cochlear implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roemer
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde OE 6500 Hannover Medical School, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
| | - H Staecker
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - S Sasse
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde OE 6500 Hannover Medical School, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - T Lenarz
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde OE 6500 Hannover Medical School, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - A Warnecke
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde OE 6500 Hannover Medical School, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland
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30
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Lopes CDF, Gonçalves NP, Gomes CP, Saraiva MJ, Pêgo AP. BDNF gene delivery mediated by neuron-targeted nanoparticles is neuroprotective in peripheral nerve injury. Biomaterials 2016; 121:83-96. [PMID: 28081461 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuron-targeted gene delivery is a promising strategy to treat peripheral neuropathies. Here we propose the use of polymeric nanoparticles based on thiolated trimethyl chitosan (TMCSH) to mediate targeted gene delivery to peripheral neurons upon a peripheral and minimally invasive intramuscular administration. Nanoparticles were grafted with the non-toxic carboxylic fragment of the tetanus neurotoxin (HC) to allow neuron targeting and were explored to deliver a plasmid DNA encoding for the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in a peripheral nerve injury model. The TMCSH-HC/BDNF nanoparticle treatment promoted the release and significant expression of BDNF in neural tissues, which resulted in an enhanced functional recovery after injury as compared to control treatments (vehicle and non-targeted nanoparticles), associated with an improvement in key pro-regenerative events, namely, the increased expression of neurofilament and growth-associated protein GAP-43 in the injured nerves. Moreover, the targeted nanoparticle treatment was correlated with a significantly higher density of myelinated axons in the distal stump of injured nerves, as well as with preservation of unmyelinated axon density as compared with controls and a protective role in injury-denervated muscles, preventing them from denervation. These results highlight the potential of TMCSH-HC nanoparticles as non-viral gene carriers to deliver therapeutic genes into the peripheral neurons and thus, pave the way for their use as an effective therapeutic intervention for peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia D F Lopes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; FMUP - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nádia P Gonçalves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla P Gomes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Saraiva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P Pêgo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, Portugal.
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31
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Cai XZ, Li Y, Xia L, Peng Y, He CF, Jiang L, Feng Y, Xia K, Liu XZ, Mei LY, Hu ZM. Exome sequencing identifies POU4F3 as the causative gene for a large Chinese family with non-syndromic hearing loss. J Hum Genet 2016; 62:317-320. [PMID: 27535032 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hearing impairment, or deafness (in its most severe form), is one of the most common human sensory disorders. There have been several reports of autosomal dominant mutations in the POU4F3 gene, which is associated with non-syndromic hearing loss. In this study, we identified a novel heterozygous mutation (c.602delT, p.L201fs) in the gene POU4F3 by taking advantage of whole-exome sequencing, which was validated by Sanger sequencing and completely co-segregated within a large hearing impaired Chinese family. We have focused on this pedigree since 2002, and we have mapped a deafness locus named DFNA42 (which has been renamed DFNA52, OMIM entry 607683) via a genome-wide scan. Furthermore, we analyzed this mutational variant and found that it was located at the beginning of the first functional domain of POU4F3, which could theoretically impair the function of POU4F3. We have identified a novel frameshift mutation in the POU4F3 gene. Further functional studies of variants of this specific gene are needed to illustrate the pathogenic mechanism(s) that underlie hearing impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chu Feng He
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue Zhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ling Yun Mei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Mao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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32
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Viral-mediated Ntf3 overexpression disrupts innervation and hearing in nondeafened guinea pig cochleae. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 3:16052. [PMID: 27525291 PMCID: PMC4972090 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Synaptopathy in the cochlea occurs when the connection between inner hair cells and the auditory nerve is disrupted, leading to impaired hearing and nerve degeneration. Experiments using transgenic mice have shown that overexpression of NT3 by supporting cells repairs synaptopathy caused by overstimulation. To accomplish such therapy in the clinical setting, it would be necessary to activate the neurotrophin receptor on auditory neurons by other means. Here we test the outcome of NT3 overexpression using viral-mediated gene transfer into the perilymph versus the endolymph of the normal guinea pig cochlea. We inoculated two different Ntf3 viral vectors, adenovirus (Adv) or adeno-associated virus (AAV) into the perilymph, to facilitate transgene expression in the mesothelial cells and cochlear duct epithelium, respectively. We assessed outcomes by comparing Auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds prior to that at baseline to thresholds at 1 and 3 weeks after inoculation, and then performed histologic evaluation of hair cells, nerve endings, and synaptic ribbons. We observed hearing threshold shifts as well as disorganization of peripheral nerve endings and disruption of synaptic connections between inner hair cells and peripheral nerve endings with both vectors. The data suggest that elevation of NT3 levels in the cochlear fluids can disrupt innervation and degrade hearing.
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Kurioka T, Lee MY, Heeringa AN, Beyer LA, Swiderski DL, Kanicki AC, Kabara LL, Dolan DF, Shore SE, Raphael Y. Selective hair cell ablation and noise exposure lead to different patterns of changes in the cochlea and the cochlear nucleus. Neuroscience 2016; 332:242-57. [PMID: 27403879 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In experimental animal models of auditory hair cell (HC) loss, insults such as noise or ototoxic drugs often lead to secondary changes or degeneration in non-sensory cells and neural components, including reduced density of spiral ganglion neurons, demyelination of auditory nerve fibers and altered cell numbers and innervation patterns in the cochlear nucleus (CN). However, it is not clear whether loss of HCs alone leads to secondary degeneration in these neural components of the auditory pathway. To elucidate this issue, we investigated changes of central components after cochlear insults specific to HCs using diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) mice expressing DTR only in HCs and exhibiting complete HC loss when injected with diphtheria toxin (DT). We showed that DT-induced HC ablation has no significant impacts on the survival of auditory neurons, central synaptic terminals, and myelin, despite complete HC loss and profound deafness. In contrast, noise exposure induced significant changes in synapses, myelin and CN organization even without loss of inner HCs. We observed a decrease of neuronal size in the auditory pathway, including peripheral axons, spiral ganglion neurons, and CN neurons, likely due to loss of input from the cochlea. Taken together, selective HC ablation and noise exposure showed different patterns of pathology in the auditory pathway and the presence of HCs is not essential for the maintenance of central synaptic connectivity and myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaomi Kurioka
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Min Young Lee
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amarins N Heeringa
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lisa A Beyer
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Donald L Swiderski
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ariane C Kanicki
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lisa L Kabara
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David F Dolan
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Susan E Shore
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yehoash Raphael
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Jin Y, Lyu AR, Park SJ, Xu J, Cui J, Sohn KC, Hur GM, Jin Y, Park YH. Early Postnatal NT-3 Gene Delivery Enhances Hearing Acquisition in the Developmental Period. Laryngoscope 2016; 126:E379-E385. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.26130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongde Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Yanbian University Hospital; Yanji China
| | - Ah-Ra Lyu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , College of Medicine; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jae Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , College of Medicine; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Yanbian University Hospital; Yanji China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , College of Medicine; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Yanbian University Hospital; Yanji China
| | - Kyung-Cheol Sohn
- Department of Dermatology , College of Medicine; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Min Hur
- Department of Pharmacology , College of Medicine; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Yulian Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Yanbian University Hospital; Yanji China
| | - Yong-Ho Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , College of Medicine; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Brain Research Institute , College of Medicine; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Republic of Korea
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35
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Riccardi S, Bergling S, Sigoillot F, Beibel M, Werner A, Leighton-Davies J, Knehr J, Bouwmeester T, Parker CN, Roma G, Kinzel B. MiR-210 promotes sensory hair cell formation in the organ of corti. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:309. [PMID: 27121005 PMCID: PMC4848794 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hearing loss is the most common sensory defect afflicting several hundred million people worldwide. In most cases, regardless of the original cause, hearing loss is related to the degeneration and death of hair cells and their associated spiral ganglion neurons. Despite this knowledge, relatively few studies have reported regeneration of the auditory system. Significant gaps remain in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning auditory function, including the factors required for sensory cell regeneration. Recently, the identification of transcriptional activators and repressors of hair cell fate has been augmented by the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with hearing loss. As miRNAs are central players of differentiation and cell fate, identification of miRNAs and their gene targets may reveal new pathways for hair cell regeneration, thereby providing new avenues for the treatment of hearing loss. Results In order to identify new genetic elements enabling regeneration of inner ear sensory hair cells, next-generation miRNA sequencing (miRSeq) was used to identify the most prominent miRNAs expressed in the mouse embryonic inner ear cell line UB/OC-1 during differentiation towards a hair cell like phenotype. Based on these miRSeq results eight most differentially expressed miRNAs were selected for further characterization. In UB/OC-1, miR-210 silencing in vitro resulted in hair cell marker expression, whereas ectopic expression of miR-210 resulted in new hair cell formation in cochlear explants. Using a lineage tracing mouse model, transdifferentiation of supporting epithelial cells was identified as the likely mechanism for this new hair cell formation. Potential miR-210 targets were predicted in silico and validated experimentally using a miR-trap approach. Conclusion MiRSeq followed by ex vivo validation revealed miR-210 as a novel factor driving transdifferentiation of supporting epithelial cells to sensory hair cells suggesting that miR-210 might be a potential new factor for hearing loss therapy. In addition, identification of inner ear pathways regulated by miR-210 identified potential new drug targets for the treatment of hearing loss. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2620-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Riccardi
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Bergling
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Sigoillot
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, USA
| | - Martin Beibel
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annick Werner
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juliet Leighton-Davies
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Judith Knehr
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tewis Bouwmeester
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian N Parker
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guglielmo Roma
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Kinzel
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
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Cochlear afferent innervation development. Hear Res 2015; 330:157-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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ERK2 mediates inner hair cell survival and decreases susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16839. [PMID: 26577290 PMCID: PMC4649542 DOI: 10.1038/srep16839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a member of the family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and coordinately regulates a multitude of cellular processes. In response to a variety of extracellular stimuli, phosphorylation of both threonine and tyrosine residues activates ERK. Recent evidence indicates that ERK is activated in response to cellular stress such as acoustic trauma. However, the specific role of ERK isoforms in auditory function is not fully understood. Here, we show that the isoform ERK2 plays an important role in regulating hair cell (HC) survival and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in mice (C57BL/6J). We found that conditional knockout mice deficient for Erk2 in the inner ear HCs had hearing comparable to control mice and exhibited no HC loss under normal conditions. However, we found that these knockout mice were more vulnerable to noise and had blunted recovery from NIHL compared to control mice. Furthermore, we observed a significantly lower survival rate of inner hair cells in these mice compared to control mice. Our results indicate that ERK2 plays important roles in the survival of HC in NIHL.
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Kelly KM, Lalwani AK. On the Distant Horizon--Medical Therapy for Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2015; 48:1149-65. [PMID: 26409822 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit in developed societies. Hearing impairment in children, particularly of prelingual onset, has been shown to negatively affect educational achievement, future employment and earnings, and even life expectancy. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), which refers to defects within the cochlea or auditory nerve itself, far outweighs conductive causes for permanent hearing loss in both children and adults. The causes of SNHL in children are heterogeneous, including both congenital and acquired causes. This article identifies potential mechanisms of intervention both at the level of the hair cell and the spiral ganglion neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Kelly
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hinds Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Anil K Lalwani
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, Harkness Pavilion, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, Floor 7, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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39
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Kurioka T, Mizutari K, Niwa K, Fukumori T, Inoue M, Hasegawa M, Shiotani A. Hyaluronic acid pretreatment for Sendai virus-mediated cochlear gene transfer. Gene Ther 2015; 23:187-95. [PMID: 26361273 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2015.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy with viral vectors is one of the most promising strategies for sensorineural hearing loss. However, safe and effective administration of the viral vector into cochlear tissue is difficult because of the anatomical isolation of the cochlea. We investigated the efficiency and safety of round window membrane (RWM) application of Sendai virus, one of the most promising non-genotoxic vectors, after pretreatment with hyaluronic acid (HA) on the RWM to promote efficient viral translocation into the cochlea. Sendai virus expressing the green fluorescent protein reporter gene was detected throughout cochlear tissues following application combined with HA pretreatment. Quantitative analysis revealed that maximum expression was reached 3 days after treatment. The efficiency of transgene expression was several 100-fold greater with HA pretreatment than that without. Furthermore, unlike the conventional intracochlear delivery methods, this approach did not cause hearing loss. These findings reveal the potential utility of gene therapy with Sendai virus and HA for treatment of sensorineural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kurioka
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - K Mizutari
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - K Niwa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - T Fukumori
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - M Inoue
- DNAVEC Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - A Shiotani
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
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40
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Khalin I, Alyautdin R, Kocherga G, Bakar MA. Targeted delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor for the treatment of blindness and deafness. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:3245-67. [PMID: 25995632 PMCID: PMC4425321 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s77480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative causes of blindness and deafness possess a major challenge in their clinical management as proper treatment guidelines have not yet been found. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been established as a promising therapy against neurodegenerative disorders including hearing and visual loss. Unfortunately, the blood–retinal barrier and blood–cochlear barrier, which have a comparable structure to the blood–brain barrier prevent molecules of larger sizes (such as BDNF) from exiting the circulation and reaching the targeted cells. Anatomical features of the eye and ear allow use of local administration, bypassing histo-hematic barriers. This paper focuses on highlighting a variety of strategies proposed for the local administration of the BDNF, like direct delivery, viral gene therapy, and cell-based therapy, which have been shown to successfully improve development, survival, and function of spiral and retinal ganglion cells. The similarities and controversies for BDNF treatment of posterior eye diseases and inner ear diseases have been analyzed and compared. In this review, we also focus on the possibility of translation of this knowledge into clinical practice. And finally, we suggest that using nanoparticulate drug-delivery systems may substantially contribute to the development of clinically viable techniques for BDNF delivery into the cochlea or posterior eye segment, which, ultimately, can lead to a long-term or permanent rescue of auditory and optic neurons from degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Khalin
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Renad Alyautdin
- Scientific Centre for Expertise of Medical Application Products, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ganna Kocherga
- Ophthalmic Microsurgery Department, International Medical Center Oftalmika, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Muhamad Abu Bakar
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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41
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Nicolson T. Ribbon synapses in zebrafish hair cells. Hear Res 2015; 330:170-7. [PMID: 25916266 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The basic architecture and functionality of ribbon synapses of mechanosensitive hair cells are well conserved among vertebrates. Forward and reverse genetic methods in zebrafish (Danio rerio) have identified components that are critical for the development and function of ribbon synapses. This review will focus on the findings of these genetic approaches, and discuss some emergent concepts on the role of the ribbon body and calcium in synapse development, and how perturbations in synaptic vesicles lead to a loss of temporal fidelity at ribbon synapses. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled <Auditory Synaptology>.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nicolson
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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42
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Pfingst BE, Zhou N, Colesa DJ, Watts MM, Strahl SB, Garadat SN, Schvartz-Leyzac KC, Budenz CL, Raphael Y, Zwolan TA. Importance of cochlear health for implant function. Hear Res 2015; 322:77-88. [PMID: 25261772 PMCID: PMC4377117 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Amazing progress has been made in providing useful hearing to hearing-impaired individuals using cochlear implants, but challenges remain. One such challenge is understanding the effects of partial degeneration of the auditory nerve, the target of cochlear implant stimulation. Here we review studies from our human and animal laboratories aimed at characterizing the health of the implanted cochlea and the auditory nerve. We use the data on cochlear and neural health to guide rehabilitation strategies. The data also motivate the development of tissue-engineering procedures to preserve or build a healthy cochlea and improve performance obtained by cochlear implant recipients or eventually replace the need for a cochlear implant. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled .
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan E Pfingst
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Ning Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Deborah J Colesa
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Melissa M Watts
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Soha N Garadat
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Cameron L Budenz
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yehoash Raphael
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Teresa A Zwolan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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43
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Differential effects of AAV.BDNF and AAV.Ntf3 in the deafened adult guinea pig ear. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8619. [PMID: 25726967 DOI: 10.1038/srep08619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cochlear hair cell loss results in secondary regression of peripheral auditory fibers (PAFs) and loss of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). The performance of cochlear implants (CI) in rehabilitating hearing depends on survival of SGNs. Here we compare the effects of adeno-associated virus vectors with neurotrophin gene inserts, AAV.BDNF and AAV.Ntf3, on guinea pig ears deafened systemically (kanamycin and furosemide) or locally (neomycin). AAV.BDNF or AAV.Ntf3 was delivered to the guinea pig cochlea one week following deafening and ears were assessed morphologically 3 months later. At that time, neurotrophins levels were not significantly elevated in the cochlear fluids, even though in vitro and shorter term in vivo experiments demonstrate robust elevation of neurotrophins with these viral vectors. Nevertheless, animals receiving these vectors exhibited considerable re-growth of PAFs in the basilar membrane area. In systemically deafened animals there was a negative correlation between the presence of differentiated supporting cells and PAFs, suggesting that supporting cells influence the outcome of neurotrophin over-expression aimed at enhancing the cochlear neural substrate. Counts of SGN in Rosenthal's canal indicate that BDNF was more effective than NT-3 in preserving SGNs. The results demonstrate that a transient elevation in neurotrophin levels can sustain the cochlear neural substrate in the long term.
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44
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Maina JW, Cui J, Björnmalm M, Wise AK, Shepherd RK, Caruso F. Mold-templated inorganic-organic hybrid supraparticles for codelivery of drugs. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:4146-51. [PMID: 25321318 DOI: 10.1021/bm501171j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a facile and robust mold-templated technique for the assembly of mesoporous silica (MS) supraparticles and demonstrates their potential as vehicles for codelivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and dexamethasone (DEX). The MS supraparticles are assembled using gelatin as a biodegradable adhesive to bind and cross-link the particles. Microfabricated molds made of polydimethylsiloxane are used to control the size and shape of the supraparticles. The obtained mesoporous silica-gelatin hybrid supraparticles (MSG-SPs) are stable in water as well as in organic solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, and efficiently coencapsulate both BDNF and DEX. The MSG-SPs also exhibit sustained release kinetics in simulated physiological conditions (>30 days), making them potential candidates for long-term delivery of therapeutics to the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Maina
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, §Department of Otolaryngology, and ∥Department of Medical Bionics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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45
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Fuentes-Santamaría V, Alvarado JC, López-Muñoz DF, Melgar-Rojas P, Gabaldón-Ull MC, Juiz JM. Glia-related mechanisms in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of the adult rat in response to unilateral conductive hearing loss. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:319. [PMID: 25352772 PMCID: PMC4195288 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conductive hearing loss causes a progressive decline in cochlear activity that may result in functional and structural modifications in auditory neurons. However, whether these activity-dependent changes are accompanied by a glial response involving microglia, astrocytes, or both has not yet been fully elucidated. Accordingly, the present study was designed to determine the involvement of glial related mechanisms in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) of adult rats at 1, 4, 7, and 15 d after removing middle ear ossicles. Quantitative immunohistochemistry analyses at light microscopy with specific markers of microglia or astroglia along with immunocytochemistry at the electron microscopy level were used. Also, in order to test whether trophic support by neurotrophins is modulated in glial cells by auditory activity, the expression and distribution of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and its colocalization with microglial or astroglial markers was investigated. Diminished cochlear activity after middle ear ossicle removal leads to a significant ipsilateral increase in the mean gray levels and stained area of microglial cells but not astrocytes in the AVCN at 1 and 4 d post-lesion as compared to the contralateral side and control animals. These results suggest that microglial cells but not astrocytes may act as dynamic modulators of synaptic transmission in the cochlear nucleus immediately following unilateral hearing loss. On the other hand, NT-3 immunostaining was localized mainly in neuronal cell bodies and axons and was upregulated at 1, 4 and 7 d post-lesion. Very few glial cells expressed this neurotrophin in both control and experimental rats, suggesting that NT-3 is primarily activated in neurons and not as much in glia after limiting auditory activity in the AVCN by conductive hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Fuentes-Santamaría
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades, Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Albacete, Spain
| | - Juan C Alvarado
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades, Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Albacete, Spain
| | - Diego F López-Muñoz
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades, Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Albacete, Spain
| | - Pedro Melgar-Rojas
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades, Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Albacete, Spain
| | - María C Gabaldón-Ull
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades, Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Albacete, Spain
| | - José M Juiz
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades, Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Albacete, Spain
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46
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Electroacoustic stimulation: now and into the future. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:350504. [PMID: 25276779 PMCID: PMC4168031 DOI: 10.1155/2014/350504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cochlear implants have provided hearing to hundreds of thousands of profoundly deaf people around the world. Recently, the eligibility criteria for cochlear implantation have been relaxed to include individuals who have some useful residual hearing. These recipients receive inputs from both electric and acoustic stimulation (EAS). Implant recipients who can combine these hearing modalities demonstrate pronounced benefit in speech perception, listening in background noise, and music appreciation over implant recipients that rely on electrical stimulation alone. The mechanisms bestowing this benefit are unknown, but it is likely that interaction of the electric and acoustic signals in the auditory pathway plays a role. Protection of residual hearing both during and following cochlear implantation is critical for EAS. A number of surgical refinements have been implemented to protect residual hearing, and the development of hearing-protective drug and gene therapies is promising for EAS recipients. This review outlines the current field of EAS, with a focus on interactions that are observed between these modalities in animal models. It also outlines current trends in EAS surgery and gives an overview of the drug and gene therapies that are clinically translatable and may one day provide protection of residual hearing for cochlear implant recipients.
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Takada Y, Beyer LA, Swiderski DL, O'Neal AL, Prieskorn DM, Shivatzki S, Avraham KB, Raphael Y. Connexin 26 null mice exhibit spiral ganglion degeneration that can be blocked by BDNF gene therapy. Hear Res 2013; 309:124-35. [PMID: 24333301 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the connexin 26 gene (GJB2) are the most common genetic cause of deafness, leading to congenital bilateral non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss. Here we report the generation of a mouse model for a connexin 26 (Cx26) mutation, in which cre-Sox10 drives excision of the Cx26 gene from non-sensory cells flanking the auditory epithelium. We determined that these conditional knockout mice, designated Gjb2-CKO, have a severe hearing loss. Immunocytochemistry of the auditory epithelium confirmed absence of Cx26 in the non-sensory cells. Histology of the organ of Corti and the spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) performed at ages 1, 3, or 6 months revealed that in Gjb2-CKO mice, the organ of Corti began to degenerate in the basal cochlear turn at an early stage, and the degeneration rapidly spread to the apex. In addition, the density of SGNs in Rosenthal's canal decreased rapidly along a gradient from the base of the cochlea to the apex, where some SGNs survived until at least 6 months of age. Surviving neurons often clustered together and formed clumps of cells in the canal. We then assessed the influence of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene therapy on the SGNs of Gjb2-CKO mice by inoculating Adenovirus with the BDNF gene insert (Ad.BDNF) into the base of the cochlea via the scala tympani or scala media. We determined that over-expression of BDNF beginning around 1 month of age resulted in a significant rescue of neurons in Rosenthal's canal of the cochlear basal turn but not in the middle or apical portions. This data may be used to design therapies for enhancing the SGN physiological status in all GJB2 patients and especially in a sub-group of GJB2 patients where the hearing loss progresses due to ongoing degeneration of the auditory nerve, thereby improving the outcome of cochlear implant therapy in these ears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Takada
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 West. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5648, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Kansai Medical University, 2-3-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1191, Japan
| | - Lisa A Beyer
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 West. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5648, USA
| | - Donald L Swiderski
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 West. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5648, USA
| | - Aubrey L O'Neal
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 West. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5648, USA
| | - Diane M Prieskorn
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 West. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5648, USA
| | - Shaked Shivatzki
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Karen B Avraham
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yehoash Raphael
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1150 West. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5648, USA.
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Kohrman DC, Raphael Y. Gene therapy for deafness. Gene Ther 2013; 20:1119-23. [PMID: 23864018 PMCID: PMC4113964 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2013.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit in humans and can result from genetic, environmental or combined etiologies that prevent normal function of the cochlea, the peripheral sensory organ. Recent advances in understanding the genetic pathways that are critical for the development and maintenance of cochlear function, as well as the molecular mechanisms that underlie cell trauma and death, have provided exciting opportunities for modulating these pathways to correct genetic mutations, to enhance the endogenous protective pathways for hearing preservation and to regenerate lost sensory cells with the possibility of ameliorating hearing loss. A number of recent animal studies have used gene-based therapies in innovative ways toward realizing these goals. With further refinement, some of the protective and regenerative approaches reviewed here may become clinically applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Kohrman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Deng G, Huang XJ, Luo HW, Huang FZ, Liu XY, Wang YH. Amelioration of carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis and portal hypertension in rat using adenoviral gene transfer of Akt. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:7778-7787. [PMID: 24431897 PMCID: PMC3837279 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i43.7778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether a virus constitutively expressing active Akt is useful to prevent cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).
METHODS: Using cre-loxp technique, we created an Ad-myr-HA-Akt virus, in which Akt is labeled by a HA tag and its expression is driven by myr promoter. Further, through measuring enzyme levels and histological structure, we determined the efficacy of this Ad-myr-HA-Akt virus in inhibiting the development of cirrhosis induced by CCl4 in rats. Lastly, using western blotting, we examined the expression levels and/or phosphorylation status of Akt, apoptotic mediators, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and markers for hepatic stellate cells activation to understand the underlying mechanisms of protective role of this virus.
RESULTS: The Ad-myr-HA-Akt virus was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction amplification of inserted Akt gene and sequencing for full length of inserted fragment, which was consistent with the sequence reported in the GenBank. The concentrations of Ad-myr-HA-Akt and adenoviral enhanced green fluorescent protein (Ad-EGFP) virus used in the current study were 5.5 × 1011 vp/mL. The portal vein diameter, peak velocity of blood flow, portal blood flow and congestion index were significantly increased in untreated, saline and Ad-EGFP cirrhosis groups when compared to normal control after the virus was introduced to animal through tail veil injection. In contrast, these parameters in the Akt cirrhosis group were comparable to normal control group. Compared to the normal control, the liver function (Alanine aminotransferase, Aspartate aminotransferase and Albumin) was significantly impaired in the untreated, saline and Ad-EGFP cirrhosis groups. The Akt cirrhosis group showed significant improvement of liver function when compared to the untreated, saline and Ad-EGFP cirrhosis groups. The Hyp level and portal vein pressure in Akt cirrhosis groups were also significantly lower than other cirrhosis groups. The results of HE and Van Gieson staining indicated that Akt group has better preservation of histological structure and less fibrosis than other cirrhosis groups. The percentage of apoptotic cell was greatly less in Akt cirrhosis group than in other cirrhosis groups. Akt group showed positive HA tag and an increased level of phosphorylated Akt as well as decreased levels of Fas. In contrast, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 levels in Akt group were significantly lower than other cirrhosis groups. Noticeable decrease of DR5 and α-SMA and increase of phosphorylated eNOS were observed in the Akt group when compared to other cirrhosis groups. The NO level in liver was significantly higher in Akt group than other cirrhosis groups, which was consistent with the level of phosphorylated eNOS in these groups.
CONCLUSION: This study suggest that Ad-myr-HA-Akt virus is a useful tool to prevent CCl4-induced cirrhosis in rat model and Akt pathway may be a therapeutic target for human cirrhosis.
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