1
|
Song H, Ren J, Yang L, Sun H, Yan G, Han Y, Wang X. Elucidation for the pharmacological effects and mechanism of Shen Bai formula in treating myocardial injury based on energy metabolism and serum metabolomic approaches. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117670. [PMID: 38160867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shen Bai formula (SBF) is a proven effective traditional Chinese medicine for treating viral myocarditis (VMC) sequelae in clinic, and myocardial injury is the pathological basis of VMC sequelae. However, the pharmacological action and mechanism of SBF have not been systematically elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY In present research, the doxorubicin-induced myocardial injury rat model was used to evaluate the efficacy of SBF, and energy metabolism and metabolomics approaches were applied to elucidate the effects of SBF on myocardial injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Through energy metabolism measurement system and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS oriented blood metabolomics, directly reflected the therapeutic effect of SBF at a macro level, and identified biomarkers of myocardial injury in microcosmic, revealing its metabolomic mechanism. RESULTS Results showed that SBF significantly improved the electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate (HR), extent of myocardial tissue lesion, and ratio of heart and spleen. In addition, the serum levels of AST, CK, LDH, α-HBDH, cTnI, BNP, and MDA decreased, whereas SOD and ATP activity and content increased. Moreover, SBF increased locomotor activity and basic daily metabolism in rats with myocardial injury, restoring their usual level of energy metabolism. A total of 45 potential metabolomic biomarkers were identified. Among them, 44 biomarkers were significantly recalled by SBF, including representative biomarkers arachidonic acid (AA), 12-HETE, prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2), 15-deoxy-Δ-12,14-PGJ2, 15-keto-PGE2, 15(S)-HPETE, 15(S)-HETE, 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid and 9(S)-HODE, which involved AA metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and linoleic acid metabolism. CONCLUSION We successfully replicated a myocardial injury rat model with the intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin, and elucidated the mechanism of SBF in treating myocardial injury. This key mechanism may be achieved by targeting action on COX, Alox, CYP, and 15-PGDH to increase or decrease the level of myocardial injury biomarker, and then emphatically interven in AA metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and linoleic acid metabolism, and participate in regulating purine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and steroid hormone synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Song
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Junling Ren
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
| | - Le Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dade Road 111, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Sun
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Guangli Yan
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xijun Wang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dade Road 111, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fan A, Hou BL, Tang Z, Wang T, Zhang D, Liang Y, Wang Z. Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Analysis of Indigo Naturalis Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. J Med Food 2023; 26:877-889. [PMID: 38010862 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), often known as UC, is an inflammatory disease of the intestines that has frequent and long-lasting flare-ups. It is unknown precisely how the traditional Chinese drug Indigo Naturalis (IN) heals inflammatory bowel disease, despite its long-standing use in China and Japan. Finding new metabolite biomarkers linked to UC could improve our understanding of the disease, speed up the diagnostic process, and provide insight into how certain drugs work to treat the condition. Our work is designed to use a metabolomic method to analyze potential alterations in endogenous substances and their impact on metabolic pathways in a mouse model of UC. To determine which biomarkers and metabolisms are more frequently connected with IN's effects on UC, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the serum metabolomics of UC mice and normal mice was performed. The outcomes demonstrated that IN boosted the health of UC mice and reduced the severity of their metabolic dysfunction. In the UC model, it was also found that IN changed the way 17 biomarkers and 3 metabolisms functioned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Fan
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Bao-Long Hou
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Zhishu Tang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Dongbo Zhang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Yanni Liang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim S, Xu Z, Forno E, Qin Y, Park HJ, Yue M, Yan Q, Manni ML, Acosta-Pérez E, Canino G, Chen W, Celedón JC. Cis- and trans-eQTM analysis reveals novel epigenetic and transcriptomic immune markers of atopic asthma in airway epithelium. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:887-898. [PMID: 37271320 PMCID: PMC10592527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression quantitative trait methylation (eQTM) analyses uncover associations between DNA methylation markers and gene expression. Most eQTM analyses of complex diseases have focused on cis-eQTM pairs (within 1 megabase). OBJECTIVES This study sought to identify cis- and trans-methylation markers associated with gene expression in airway epithelium from youth with and without atopic asthma. METHODS In this study, the investigators conducted both cis- and trans-eQTM analyses in nasal (airway) epithelial samples from 158 Puerto Rican youth with atopic asthma and 100 control subjects without atopy or asthma. The investigators then attempted to replicate their findings in nasal epithelial samples from 2 studies of children, while also examining whether their results in nasal epithelium overlap with those from an eQTM analysis in white blood cells from the Puerto Rican subjects. RESULTS This study identified 9,108 cis-eQTM pairs and 2,131,500 trans-eQTM pairs. Trans-associations were significantly enriched for transcription factor and microRNA target genes. Furthermore, significant cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites (CpGs) were differentially methylated in atopic asthma and significant genes were enriched for genes differentially expressed in atopic asthma. In this study, 50.7% to 62.6% of cis- and trans-eQTM pairs identified in Puerto Rican youth were replicated in 2 smaller cohorts at false discovery rate-adjusted P < .1. Replicated genes in the trans-eQTM analysis included biologically plausible asthma-susceptibility genes (eg, HDC, NLRP3, ITGAE, CDH26, and CST1) and are enriched in immune pathways. CONCLUSIONS Studying both cis- and trans-epigenetic regulation of airway epithelial gene expression can identify potential causal and regulatory pathways or networks for childhood asthma. Trans-eQTM CpGs may regulate gene expression in airway epithelium through effects on transcription factor and microRNA target genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Kim
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Zhongli Xu
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa; School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Erick Forno
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Yidi Qin
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Molin Yue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Michelle L Manni
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh
| | - Edna Acosta-Pérez
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Glorisa Canino
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa; School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rao A, Gupta A, Kain V, Halade GV. Extrinsic and intrinsic modulators of inflammation-resolution signaling in heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H433-H448. [PMID: 37417877 PMCID: PMC10538986 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00276.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic and uncleared inflammation is the root cause of various cardiovascular diseases. Fundamentally, acute inflammation is supportive when overlapping with safe clearance of inflammation termed resolution; however, if the lifestyle-directed extrinsic factors such as diet, sleep, exercise, or physical activity are misaligned, that results in unresolved inflammation. Although genetics play a critical role in cardiovascular health, four extrinsic risk factors-unhealthy processed diet, sleep disruption or fragmentation, sedentary lifestyle, thereby, subsequent stress-have been identified as heterogeneous and polygenic triggers of heart failure (HF), which can result in several complications with indications of chronic inflammation. Extrinsic risk factors directly impact endogenous intrinsic factors, such as using fatty acids by immune-responsive enzymes [lipoxygenases (LOXs)/cyclooxygenases (COXs)/cytochromes-P450 (CYP450)] to form resolution mediators that activate specific resolution receptors. Thus, the balance of extrinsic factors such as diet, sleep, and physical activity feed-forward the coordination of intrinsic factors such as fatty acids-enzymes-bioactive lipid receptors that modulates the immune defense, metabolic health, inflammation-resolution signaling, and cardiac health. Future research on lifestyle- and aging-associated molecular patterns is warranted in the context of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, immune fitness, inflammation-resolution signaling, and cardiac health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Rao
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Akul Gupta
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Singh S, Dutta J, Ray A, Karmakar A, Mabalirajan U. Airway Epithelium: A Neglected but Crucial Cell Type in Asthma Pathobiology. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040808. [PMID: 36832296 PMCID: PMC9955099 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The features of allergic asthma are believed to be mediated mostly through the Th2 immune response. In this Th2-dominant concept, the airway epithelium is presented as the helpless victim of Th2 cytokines. However, this Th2-dominant concept is inadequate to fill some of the vital knowledge gaps in asthma pathogenesis, like the poor correlation between airway inflammation and airway remodeling and severe asthma endotypes, including Th2-low asthma, therapy resistance, etc. Since the discovery of type 2 innate lymphoid cells in 2010, asthma researchers started believing in that the airway epithelium played a crucial role, as alarmins, which are the inducers of ILC2, are almost exclusively secreted by the airway epithelium. This underscores the eminence of airway epithelium in asthma pathogenesis. However, the airway epithelium has a bipartite functionality in sustaining healthy lung homeostasis and asthmatic lungs. On the one hand, the airway epithelium maintains lung homeostasis against environmental irritants/pollutants with the aid of its various armamentaria, including its chemosensory apparatus and detoxification system. Alternatively, it induces an ILC2-mediated type 2 immune response through alarmins to amplify the inflammatory response. However, the available evidence indicates that restoring epithelial health may attenuate asthmatic features. Thus, we conjecture that an epithelium-driven concept in asthma pathogenesis could fill most of the gaps in current asthma knowledge, and the incorporation of epithelial-protective agents to enhance the robustness of the epithelial barrier and the combative capacity of the airway epithelium against exogenous irritants/allergens may mitigate asthma incidence and severity, resulting in better asthma control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabita Singh
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Joytri Dutta
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Archita Ray
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atmaja Karmakar
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ulaganathan Mabalirajan
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kwak DW, Park D, Kim JH. Leukotriene B 4 Receptor 2 Mediates the Production of G-CSF That Plays a Critical Role in Steroid-Resistant Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112979. [PMID: 36428547 PMCID: PMC9687517 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been suggested to be closely associated with neutrophilic asthma pathogenesis. However, little is known about the factors regulating the production of G-CSF in neutrophilic asthma. We previously reported that a leukotriene B4 receptor 2, BLT2, played an important role in neutrophilic airway inflammation. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated whether BLT2 plays a role in the production of G-CSF in lipopolysaccharide/ovalbumin (LPS/OVA)-induced steroid-resistant neutrophilic asthma. The data showed that BLT2 critically mediated G-CSF production, contributing to the progression of neutrophilic airway inflammation. We also observed that 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO), which catalyzes the synthesis of the BLT2 ligand 12(S)-HETE, was also necessary for G-CSF production. Together, these results suggest that the 12-LO-BLT2-linked signaling network is critical for the production of G-CSF, contributing to the development of neutrophilic airway inflammation. Our findings can provide a potential new target for the therapy of severe neutrophilic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wook Kwak
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwan Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3290-3452
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chellappan DK, Paudel KR, Tan NW, Cheong KS, Khoo SSQ, Seow SM, Chellian J, Candasamy M, Patel VK, Arora P, Singh PK, Singh SK, Gupta G, Oliver BG, Hansbro PM, Dua K. Targeting the mitochondria in chronic respiratory diseases. Mitochondrion 2022; 67:15-37. [PMID: 36176212 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are one of the basic essential components for eukaryotic life survival. It is also the source of respiratory ATP. Recently published studies have demonstrated that mitochondria may have more roles to play aside from energy production. There is an increasing body of evidence which suggest that mitochondrial activities involved in normal and pathological states contribute to significant impact to the lung airway morphology and epithelial function in respiratory diseases such as asthma, COPD, and lung cancer. This review summarizes the pathophysiological pathways involved in asthma, COPD, lung cancer and highlights potential treatment strategies that target the malfunctioning mitochondria in such ailments. Mitochondria are responsive to environmental stimuli such as infection, tobacco smoke, and inflammation, which are essential in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. They may affect mitochondrial shape, protein production and ultimately cause dysfunction. The impairment of mitochondrial function has downstream impact on the cytosolic components, calcium control, response towards oxidative stress, regulation of genes and proteins and metabolic activities. Several novel compounds and alternative medicines that target mitochondria in asthma and chronic lung diseases have been discussed here. Moreover, mitochondrial enzymes or proteins that may serve as excellent therapeutic targets in COPD are also covered. The role of mitochondria in respiratory diseases is gaining much attention and mitochondria-based treatment strategies and personalized medicine targeting the mitochondria may materialize in the near future. Nevertheless, more in-depth studies are urgently needed to validate the advantages and efficacy of drugs that affect mitochondria in pathological states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Nian Wan Tan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ka Seng Cheong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Samantha Sert Qi Khoo
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Su Min Seow
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jestin Chellian
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vyoma K Patel
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Poonam Arora
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India; Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Kamal Dua
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Naganuma T, Fujinami N, Arita M. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Derived Lipid Mediators That Regulate Epithelial Homeostasis. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:998-1007. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Naganuma
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Nodoka Fujinami
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Makoto Arita
- Cellular and Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama-City University
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid oxylipin levels in experimental porcine lung injury. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 160:106636. [PMID: 35307566 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory signaling pathways involving eicosanoids and other regulatory lipid mediators are a subject of intensive study, and a role for these in acute lung injury is not yet well understood. We hypothesized that oxylipin release from lung injury could be detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and in plasma. In a porcine model of surfactant depletion, ventilation with hyperinflation was assessed. Bronchoalveolar lavage and plasma samples were analyzed for 37 different fatty acid metabolites (oxylipins). Over time, hyperinflation altered concentrations of 4 oxylipins in plasma (TXB2, PGE2, 15-HETE and 11-HETE), and 9 oxylipins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (PGF2α, PGE2, PGD2, 12,13-DiHOME, 11,12-DiHETrE, 13-HODE, 9-HODE, 15-HETE, 11-HETE). Acute lung injury caused by high tidal volume ventilation in this porcine model was associated with rapid changes in some elements of the oxylipin profile, detectable in lavage fluid, and plasma. These oxylipins may be relevant in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury by hyperinflation.
Collapse
|
10
|
Macrophage-Mediated Immune Responses: From Fatty Acids to Oxylipins. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010152. [PMID: 35011385 PMCID: PMC8746402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages have diverse functions in the pathogenesis, resolution, and repair of inflammatory processes. Elegant studies have elucidated the metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles of activated macrophages. However, the versatility of macrophage responses in inflammation is likely due, at least in part, to their ability to rearrange their repertoire of bioactive lipids, including fatty acids and oxylipins. This review will describe the fatty acids and oxylipins generated by macrophages and their role in type 1 and type 2 immune responses. We will highlight lipidomic studies that have shaped the current understanding of the role of lipids in macrophage polarization.
Collapse
|
11
|
Luo Y, Jin M, Lou L, Yang S, Li C, Li X, Zhou M, Cai C. Role of arachidonic acid lipoxygenase pathway in Asthma. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 158:106609. [PMID: 34954219 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism pathways play a key role in immunological response and inflammation diseases, such as asthma, etc. AA in cell membranes can be metabolized by lipoxygenases (LOXs) to a screen of bioactive substances that include leukotrienes (LTs), lipoxins (LXs), and eicosatetraenoic acids (ETEs), which are considered closely related to the pathophysiology of respiratory allergic disease. Studies also verified that drugs regulating AA LOXs pathway have better rehabilitative intervention for asthma. This review aims to summarize the physiological and pathophysiological importance of AA LOXs metabolism pathways in asthma and to discuss its prospects of therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yacan Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Minli Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Lejing Lou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Chengye Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xi Li
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Meixi Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Chang Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zheng P, Bian X, Zhai Y, Li C, Li N, Hao C, Huang H, Luo W, Huang Z, Liao C, Xue M, Guo MQ, Sun B, Wu JL. Metabolomics reveals a correlation between hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids and allergic asthma: Evidence from three years' immunotherapy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:1654-1662. [PMID: 34087025 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is an effective, safe, preventative treatment for allergic asthma; however, potential biomarkers for monitoring SCIT have rarely been reported. OBJECTIVE Metabolomics was utilized for the discovery of new biomarkers and analyzing disease pathophysiology of allergic asthma, and it was also applied to determine the metabolomic profiles of serum samples from children with asthma undergoing SCIT and identify potential biomarkers for allergic asthma and its therapeutic monitoring. METHODS Untargeted metabolomics using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry was performed on 15 asthmatic and 15 healthy pediatric sera to profile carboxylic acids. Statistical analysis combined with pathway enrichment analysis was applied to identify potential biomarkers. Then, targeted metabolomics was performed to study longitudinal changes of eicosanoid profiles on sera from 20 participants with asthma who received SCIT at baseline, 6 months, one, two, and three years (ChiCTR-DDT-13003728). RESULTS Metabolomic analysis revealed that levels of eicosanoids, particularly 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE; AUC = 0.94, p < .0001) and 15(S)-HETE (AUC = 0.89, p = .0028), metabolized from arachidonic acid by lipoxygenase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes, were significantly higher in asthma group than in healthy individuals. Furthermore, levels of these important metabolites increased in the first year of SCIT treatment and then decreased from years one to three, being significantly lower after three years of treatment than baseline levels. CONCLUSION 12(S)- and 15(S)-HETEs are potential biomarkers to participate in the pathogenesis and treatment of allergic asthma. Moreover, these metabolites may be a new target for biological indicators to monitor the therapeutic effect of SCIT, particularly in the setting of allergic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Zheng
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiqing Bian
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Yingying Zhai
- Pediatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Chuangli Hao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huimin Huang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Luo
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Liao
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingshan Xue
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Quan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Baoqing Sun
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
DRP1-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission Regulates Lung Epithelial Response to Allergen. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011125. [PMID: 34681784 PMCID: PMC8540036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria regulate a myriad of cellular functions. Dysregulation of mitochondrial control within airway epithelial cells has been implicated in the pro-inflammatory response to allergens in asthma patients. Because of their multifaceted nature, mitochondrial structure must be tightly regulated through fission and fusion. Dynamin Related Protein 1 (DRP1) is a key driver of mitochondrial fission. During allergic asthma, airway epithelial mitochondria appear smaller and structurally altered. The role of DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission, however, has not been fully elucidated in epithelial response to allergens. We used a Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell line (HBECs), primary Mouse Tracheal Epithelial Cells (MTECs), and conditional DRP1 ablation in lung epithelial cells to investigate the impact of mitochondrial fission on the pro-inflammatory response to house dust mite (HDM) in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggest that, following HDM challenge, mitochondrial fission is rapidly upregulated in airway epithelial cells and precedes production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Further, deletion of Drp1 in lung epithelial cells leads to decreased fission and enhanced pro-inflammatory signaling in response to HDM in vitro, as well as enhanced airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), inflammation, differential mucin transcription, and epithelial cell death in vivo. Mitochondrial fission, therefore, regulates the lung epithelial pro-inflammatory response to HDM.
Collapse
|
14
|
Metabolomics Reveals Process of Allergic Rhinitis Patients with Single- and Double-Species Mite Subcutaneous Immunotherapy. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090613. [PMID: 34564431 PMCID: PMC8471092 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only treatment that can change the course of allergic diseases. However, there has not been any research on metabolic reactions in relation to AIT with single or mixed allergens. In this study, patients with allergic rhinitis caused by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) and Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f) were treated with single-mite (Der p) and double-mite (Der p:Der f = 1:1) subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), respectively. To compare the efficacy and the dynamic changes of inflammation-related single- and double-species mite subcutaneous immunotherapy (SM-SCIT and DM-SCIT), we performed visual analogue scale (VAS) score, rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) score and serum metabolomics in allergic rhinitis patients during SCIT. VAS and RQLQ score showed no significant difference in efficacy between the two treatments. A total of 57 metabolites were identified, among which downstream metabolites (5(S)-HETE (Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid), 8(S)-HETE, 11(S)-HETE, 15(S)-HETE and 11-hydro TXB2) in the ω-6-related arachidonic acid and linoleic acid pathway showed significant differences after approximately one year of treatment in SM-SCIT or DM-SCIT, and the changes of the above serum metabolic components were correlated with the magnitude of RQLQ improvement, respectively. Notably, 11(S)-HETE decreased more with SM-SCIT, and thus it could be used as a potential biomarker to distinguish the two treatment schemes. Both SM-SCIT and DM-SCIT have therapeutic effects on patients with allergic rhinitis, but there is no significant difference in efficacy between them. The reduction of inflammation-related metabolites proved the therapeutic effect, and potential biomarkers (arachidonic acid and its downstream metabolites) may distinguish the options of SCIT.
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu X, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang L. Arachidonic Acid 15-Lipoxygenase: Effects of Its Expression, Metabolites, and Genetic and Epigenetic Variations on Airway Inflammation. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021; 13:684-696. [PMID: 34486255 PMCID: PMC8419644 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2021.13.5.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) is an enzyme that can oxidize polyunsaturated fatty acids. ALOX15 is strongly expressed in airway epithelial cells, where it catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) involved in various airway inflammatory diseases. Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 induce ALOX15 expression by activating Jak2 and Tyk2 kinases as well as signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) 1/3/5/6. ALOX15 up-regulation and subsequent association with phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 (PEBP1) activate the mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, thus inducing eosinophil-mediated airway inflammation. In addition, ALOX15 plays a significant role in promoting the migration of immune cells, such as immature dendritic cells, activated T cells, and mast cells, and airway remodeling, including goblet cell differentiation. Genome-wide association studies have revealed multiple ALOX15 variants and their significant correlation with the risk of developing airway diseases. The epigenetic modifications of the ALOX15 gene, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, have been shown to closely relate with airway inflammation. This review summarizes the role of ALOX15 in different phenotypes of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic rhinosinusitis, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, and nasal polyps, suggesting new treatment strategies for these airway inflammatory diseases with complex etiology and poor treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China.,Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China.,Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Metabolomics in asthma: A platform for discovery. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 85:100990. [PMID: 34281719 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Asthma, characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation and remodeling, is a chronic airway disease with complex etiology. Severe asthma is characterized by frequent exacerbations and poor therapeutic response to conventional asthma therapy. A clear understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of asthma is critical for the discovery of novel targets for optimal therapeutic control of asthma. Metabolomics is emerging as a powerful tool to elucidate novel disease mechanisms in a variety of diseases. In this review, we summarize the current status of knowledge in asthma metabolomics at systemic and cellular levels. The findings demonstrate that various metabolic pathways, related to energy metabolism, macromolecular biosynthesis and redox signaling, are differentially modulated in asthma. Airway smooth muscle cell plays pivotal roles in asthma by contributing to airway hyperreactivity, inflammatory mediator release and remodeling. We posit that metabolomic profiling of airway structural cells, including airway smooth muscle cells, will shed light on molecular mechanisms of asthma and airway hyperresponsiveness and help identify novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
17
|
Berman R, Min E, Huang J, Kopf K, Downey GP, Riemondy K, Smith HA, Rose CS, Seibold MA, Chu HW, Day BJ. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals a Unique Monocyte Population in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells of Mice Challenged With Afghanistan Particulate Matter and Allergen. Toxicol Sci 2021; 182:297-309. [PMID: 34051097 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon returning from deployment to Afghanistan, a substantial number of U.S. military personnel report deployment-related lung disease (DRLD) symptoms, including those consistent with an asthma-like airways disease. DRLD is thought to be caused by prolonged inhalation of toxic desert particulate matter, which can persist in the postdeployment setting such as exposure to common household allergens. The goal of this study was to define the transcriptomic responses of lung leukocytes of mice exposed to Afghanistan desert particulate matter (APM) and house dust mite (HDM). C57BL/6 mice (n = 15/group) were exposed to filtered air or aerosolized APM for 12 days, followed by intranasal PBS or HDM allergen challenges for 24 h. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells were collected for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), and assessment of inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness. Unsupervised clustering of BAL cell scRNAseq data revealed a unique monocyte population induced only by both APM and allergen treatments. This population of monocytes is characterized by the expression of genes involved in allergic asthma, including Alox15. We validated Alox15 expression in monocytes via immunostaining of lung tissue. APM pre-exposure, followed by the HDM challenge, led to significantly increased total respiratory system resistance compared with filtered air controls. Using this mouse model to mimic DRLD, we demonstrated that inhalation of airborne PM during deployment may prime airways to be more responsive to allergen exposure after returning home, which may be linked to dysregulated immune responses such as induction of a unique lung monocyte population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Berman
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Elysia Min
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Katrina Kopf
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Gregory P Downey
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Kent Riemondy
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Harry A Smith
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Cecile S Rose
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Max A Seibold
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Brian J Day
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Leukotriene B 4 Receptors Are Necessary for the Stimulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and IL-1β Synthesis in Neutrophil-Dominant Asthmatic Airway Inflammation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050535. [PMID: 34064821 PMCID: PMC8151312 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The stimulation of the NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and IL-1β synthesis are associated with chronic respiratory diseases such as neutrophil-dominant severe asthma. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a principal chemoattractant molecule for neutrophil recruitment, and its receptors BLT1 and BLT2 have been suggested to contribute to neutrophil-dominant asthmatic airway inflammation. However, the relationship between BLT1/2 and NLRP3 in neutrophil-dominant asthmatic airway inflammation has not been previously studied. In the present study, we investigated whether BLT1/2 play any roles in stimulating the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1βsynthesis. The blockade of BLT1 or BLT2 clearly suppressed the stimulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β synthesis in house dust mite (HDM)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation. The enzymes 5-lipoxygenase and 12-lipoxygenase, which catalyze the synthesis of BLT1/2 ligands [LTB4, 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE), and 12-hydroxyheptadecatreinoic acid (12-HHT)], were also critically associated with the stimulation of NLRP3 and IL-1β synthesis. Together, our results suggest that the 5-/12-LOX-BLT1/2-linked cascade are necessary for the simulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β synthesis, thus contributing to HDM/LPS-induced neutrophil-dominant airway inflammation.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kulkarni A, Nadler JL, Mirmira RG, Casimiro I. Regulation of Tissue Inflammation by 12-Lipoxygenases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:717. [PMID: 34064822 PMCID: PMC8150372 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are lipid metabolizing enzymes that catalyze the di-oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids to generate active eicosanoid products. 12-lipoxygenases (12-LOXs) primarily oxygenate the 12th carbon of its substrates. Many studies have demonstrated that 12-LOXs and their eicosanoid metabolite 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoate (12-HETE), have significant pathological implications in inflammatory diseases. Increased level of 12-LOX activity promotes stress (both oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum)-mediated inflammation, leading to damage in these tissues. 12-LOXs are also associated with enhanced cellular migration of immune cells-a characteristic of several metabolic and autoimmune disorders. Genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme in animal models of various diseases has shown to be protective against disease development and/or progression in animal models in the setting of diabetes, pulmonary, cardiovascular, and metabolic disease, suggesting a translational potential of targeting the enzyme for the treatment of several disorders. In this article, we review the role of 12-LOXs in the pathogenesis of several diseases in which chronic inflammation plays an underlying role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Jerry L. Nadler
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | | | - Isabel Casimiro
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Szafran BN, Borazjani A, Seay CN, Carr RL, Lehner R, Kaplan BLF, Ross MK. Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Serine Hydrolase Activities, Lipid Mediators, and Immune Responses in Lungs of Neonatal and Adult Mice. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1556-1571. [PMID: 33900070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphate (OP) pesticide that causes acute toxicity by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the nervous system. However, endocannabinoid (eCB) metabolizing enzymes in brain of neonatal rats are more sensitive than AChE to inhibition by CPF, leading to increased levels of eCBs. Because eCBs are immunomodulatory molecules, we investigated the association between eCB metabolism, lipid mediators, and immune function in adult and neonatal mice exposed to CPF. We focused on lung effects because epidemiologic studies have linked pesticide exposures to respiratory diseases. CPF was hypothesized to disrupt lung eCB metabolism and alter lung immune responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and these effects would be more pronounced in neonatal mice due to an immature immune system. We first assessed the biochemical effects of CPF in adult mice (≥8 weeks old) and neonatal mice after administering CPF (2.5 mg/kg, oral) or vehicle for 7 days. Tissues were harvested 4 h after the last CPF treatment and lung microsomes from both age groups demonstrated CPF-dependent inhibition of carboxylesterases (Ces), a family of xenobiotic and lipid metabolizing enzymes, whereas AChE activity was inhibited in adult lungs only. Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP)-mass spectrometry of lung microsomes identified 31 and 32 individual serine hydrolases in neonatal lung and adult lung, respectively. Of these, Ces1c/Ces1d/Ces1b isoforms were partially inactivated by CPF in neonatal lung, whereas Ces1c/Ces1b and Ces1c/BChE were partially inactivated in adult female and male lungs, respectively, suggesting age- and sex-related differences in their sensitivity to CPF. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activities in lung were unaffected by CPF. When LPS (1.25 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered following the 7-day CPF dosing period, little to no differences in lung immune responses (cytokines and immunophenotyping) were noted between the CPF and vehicle groups. However, a CPF-dependent increase in the amounts of dendritic cells and certain lipid mediators in female lung following LPS challenge was observed. Experiments in neonatal and adult Ces1d-/- mice yielded similar results as wild type mice (WT) following CPF treatment, except that CPF augmented LPS-induced Tnfa mRNA in adult Ces1d-/- mouse lungs. This effect was associated with decreased expression of Ces1c mRNA in Ces1d-/- mice versus WT mice in the setting of LPS exposure. We conclude that CPF exposure inactivates several Ces isoforms in mouse lung and, during an inflammatory response, increases certain lipid mediators in a female-dependent manner. However, it did not cause widespread altered lung immune effects in response to an LPS challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N Szafran
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Abdolsamad Borazjani
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Caitlin N Seay
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Russell L Carr
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Richard Lehner
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, Group on Molecular & Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Barbara L F Kaplan
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Matthew K Ross
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kwak DW, Park D, Kim JH. Leukotriene B 4 receptors play critical roles in house dust mites-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation and IL-17 production. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:646-652. [PMID: 33256981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Increased levels of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were associated with asthma severity. As leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a principal chemoattractant molecule for neutrophils, its receptors, BLT1 and BLT2, may contribute to neutrophil-dominant airway inflammation. In the present study, we established a mouse model of steroid-resistant, neutrophil-dominant airway inflammation by house dust mite (HDM)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sensitization and HDM challenge, and we investigated whether BLT1/BLT2 signaling was associated with the development of neutrophilic airway inflammation. Blockade of BLT1 or BLT2 significantly suppressed airway inflammation and IL-17 production in this mouse model. The 5-LO and 12-LO enzymes, which catalyze the synthesis of BLT1/BLT2 ligands, were also critically associated with neutrophil-dominant airway inflammation and the synthesis of IL-17. Collectively, our results suggest that the 5-/12-LO-BLT1/BLT2-linked cascade significantly contributes to neutrophil-dominant severe airway inflammation via IL-17 synthesis in HDM-induced neutrophilic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wook Kwak
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwan Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ray A, Jaiswal A, Dutta J, Singh S, Mabalirajan U. A looming role of mitochondrial calcium in dictating the lung epithelial integrity and pathophysiology of lung diseases. Mitochondrion 2020; 55:111-121. [PMID: 32971294 PMCID: PMC7505072 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing appreciation of mitochondria in modulating cellular homeostasis, various disease biology researchers have started exploring the detailed role of mitochondria in multiple diseases beyond neuronal and muscular diseases. In this context, emerging shreds of evidence in lung biology indicated the meticulous role of lung epithelia in provoking a plethora of lung diseases in contrast to earlier beliefs. As lung epithelia are ceaselessly exposed to the environment, they need to have multiple protective mechanisms to maintain the integrity of lung structure and function. As ciliated airway epithelium and type 2 alveolar epithelia require intense energy for executing their key functions like ciliary beating and surfactant production, it is no surprise that defects in mitochondrial function in these cells could perturb lung homeostasis and engage in the pathophysiology of lung diseases. On one hand, intracellular calcium plays the central role in executing key functions of lung epithelia, and on the other hand maintenance of intracellular calcium needs the buffering role of mitochondria. Thus, the regulation of mitochondrial calcium in lung epithelia seems to be critical in lung homeostasis and could be decisive in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archita Ray
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ashish Jaiswal
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Joytri Dutta
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sabita Singh
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ulaganathan Mabalirajan
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Predictive significance of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase for eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2020; 16:82. [PMID: 32973910 PMCID: PMC7493848 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-020-00480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP) exhibits a poorer outcome compared with non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (nonECRSwNP), so it is significant to identify effective markers to differentiate ECRSwNP in guiding the treatment strategies of these patients. Although arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) is positioned as a marker of eosinophilic inflammation, its study in differentiating ECRSwNP has not been reported. The aim of this study is to assess the potential of ALOX15 in distinguishing and predicting ECRSwNP. Methods Forty-eight patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), including 30 ECRSwNP and 18 nonECRSwNP patients, were enrolled. ALOX15 mRNA level was determined in polyps by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The patients’ baseline characteristics were evaluated and analyzed for correlations with ALOX15. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the predictive significance of the potential predictors for ECRSwNP. Results ALOX15 mRNA level was significantly higher in ECRSwNP patients than in nonECRSwNP patients (P < 0.001). ALOX15 mRNA was significantly correlated with tissue and blood eosinophil percentages (r = 0.565, P < 0.001 and r = 0.395, P = 0.006), olfaction scores (r = 0.400, P = 0.005), total visual analogue scale (VAS) symptom scores (r = 0.383, P = 0.007), ethmoid/maxillary sinus (E/M) ratio (r = 0.463, P = 0.001), and endoscopy scores (r = 0.409, P = 0.004). Logistic regression analysis showed ALOX15 mRNA level and percentage of blood eosinophils to be predictive factors for ECRSwNP (P = 0.004 and P = 0.036, respectively). ROC curve indicated ALOX15 to have high predictive accuracy for ECRSwNP (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.909), which was further improved by combination of ALOX15 with percentage of blood eosinophils (AUC = 0.933). Conclusions The relative ALOX15 mRNA level alone or in combination with blood eosinophils might be a reliable biomarker for predicting a diagnosis of ECRSwNP.
Collapse
|
24
|
Szafran BN, Pinkston R, Perveen Z, Ross MK, Morgan T, Paulsen DB, Penn AL, Kaplan BLF, Noël A. Electronic-Cigarette Vehicles and Flavoring Affect Lung Function and Immune Responses in a Murine Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176022. [PMID: 32825651 PMCID: PMC7504509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), also known as electronic-cigarettes (e-cigs), has raised serious public health concerns, especially in light of the 2019 outbreak of e-cig or vaping product use-associated acute lung injury (EVALI). While these cases have mostly been linked to ENDS that contain vitamin E acetate, there is limited research that has focused on the chronic pulmonary effects of the delivery vehicles (i.e., without nicotine and flavoring). Thus, we investigated lung function and immune responses in a mouse model following exposure to the nearly ubiquitous e-cig delivery vehicles, vegetable glycerin (VG) and propylene glycol (PG), used with a specific 70%/30% ratio, with or without vanilla flavoring. We hypothesized that mice exposed sub-acutely to these e-cig aerosols would exhibit lung inflammation and altered lung function. Adult female C57BL/6 mice (n = 11–12 per group) were exposed to filtered air, 70%/30% VG/PG, or 70%/30% VG/PG with a French vanilla flavoring for 2 h a day for 6 weeks. Prior to sacrifice, lung function was assessed. At sacrifice, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were collected for lipid mediator analysis, flow cytometry, histopathology, and gene expression analyses. Exposures to VG/PG + vanilla e-cig aerosol increased lung tidal and minute volumes and tissue damping. Immunophenotyping of lung immune cells revealed an increased number of dendritic cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD19+ B cells in the VG/PG-exposed group compared to air, irrespective of the presence of vanilla flavoring. Quantification of bioactive lung lipids demonstrated a >3-fold increase of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), an anti-inflammatory mediator, and a 2-fold increase of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), another inflammatory mediator, following VG/PG exposure, with or without vanilla flavoring. This suggests that e-cig aerosol vehicles may affect immunoregulatory molecules. We also found that the two e-cig aerosols dysregulated the expression of lung genes. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that the gene networks that are dysregulated by the VG/PG e-cig aerosol are associated with metabolism of cellular proteins and lipids. Overall, our findings demonstrate that VG and PG, the main constituents of e-liquid formulations, when aerosolized through an e-cig device, are not harmless to the lungs, since they disrupt immune homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N. Szafran
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (B.N.S.); (M.K.R.); (B.L.F.K.)
| | - Rakeysha Pinkston
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (R.P.); (Z.P.); (A.L.P.)
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Zakia Perveen
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (R.P.); (Z.P.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Matthew K. Ross
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (B.N.S.); (M.K.R.); (B.L.F.K.)
| | - Timothy Morgan
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA;
| | - Daniel B. Paulsen
- Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | - Arthur L. Penn
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (R.P.); (Z.P.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Barbara L. F. Kaplan
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (B.N.S.); (M.K.R.); (B.L.F.K.)
| | - Alexandra Noël
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (R.P.); (Z.P.); (A.L.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-225-578-9753
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Direct Separation of the Diastereomers of Cholesterol Ester Hydroperoxide Using LC-MS/MS to Evaluate Enzymatic Lipid Oxidation. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12071127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol ester hydroperoxide (CEOOH) is one of the main lipid oxidation products contained in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Previous studies suggest that CEOOH in oxidized LDL is closely related to several diseases. Of the oxidation mechanisms of cholesterol ester (CE) in vivo, it has been suggested that enzymatic oxidation induced by lipoxygenase (LOX) plays an important role. Thus, we attempted to develop a method that can evaluate the enzymatic oxidation of CE via the diastereoselective separation of CEOOH bearing 13RS-9Z,11E-hydroperoxy-octadecadienoic acid (13(RS)-HPODE CE). Firstly, we synthesized the standard of 13(RS)-HPODE CE. Using this standard, the screening of analytical conditions (i.e., column, mobile phase, and column temperature) was conducted, and separation of the diastereomers of 13(RS)-HPODE CE was achieved. The diastereoselective separation of 13(RS)-HPODE CE was also confirmed by LC-MS/MS. The developed method (column, CHIRALPAK IB N-3; mobile phase, hexane:ethanol (100:1, v/v); column temperature, 0 °C) can distinguish between enzymatic oxidation and other oxidation mechanisms of CE. Thus, the method can be expected to provide a greater understanding of the biochemical oxidation mechanisms in vivo. Such information will be essential to further elucidate the involvement of CEOOH in various diseases.
Collapse
|
26
|
Further insight into the dual COX-2 and 15-LOX anti-inflammatory activity of 1,3,4-thiadiazole-thiazolidinone hybrids: The contribution of the substituents at 5th positions is size dependent. Bioorg Chem 2020; 97:103657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
27
|
Grunwald SA, Popp O, Haafke S, Jedraszczak N, Grieben U, Saar K, Patone G, Kress W, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Dittmar G, Spuler S. Statin-induced myopathic changes in primary human muscle cells and reversal by a prostaglandin F2 alpha analogue. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2158. [PMID: 32034223 PMCID: PMC7005895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Statin-related muscle side effects are a constant healthcare problem since patient compliance is dependent on side effects. Statins reduce plasma cholesterol levels and can prevent secondary cardiovascular diseases. Although statin-induced muscle damage has been studied, preventive or curative therapies are yet to be reported. We exposed primary human muscle cell populations (n = 22) to a lipophilic (simvastatin) and a hydrophilic (rosuvastatin) statin and analyzed their expressome. Data and pathway analyses included GOrilla, Reactome and DAVID. We measured mevalonate intracellularly and analyzed eicosanoid profiles secreted by human muscle cells. Functional assays included proliferation and differentiation quantification. More than 1800 transcripts and 900 proteins were differentially expressed after exposure to statins. Simvastatin had a stronger effect on the expressome than rosuvastatin, but both statins influenced cholesterol biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, eicosanoid synthesis, proliferation, and differentiation of human muscle cells. Cultured human muscle cells secreted ω-3 and ω-6 derived eicosanoids and prostaglandins. The ω-6 derived metabolites were found at higher levels secreted from simvastatin-treated primary human muscle cells. Eicosanoids rescued muscle cell differentiation. Our data suggest a new aspect on the role of skeletal muscle in cholesterol metabolism. For clinical practice, the addition of omega-n fatty acids might be suitable to prevent or treat statin-myopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Anke Grunwald
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Germany.
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13125, Germany.
| | - Oliver Popp
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, 13125, Germany
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Stefanie Haafke
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Nicole Jedraszczak
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Ulrike Grieben
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Kathrin Saar
- Genetics and Genomics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Giannino Patone
- Genetics and Genomics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Wolfram Kress
- Institute for Human Genetics, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | | | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, 13125, Germany
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Simone Spuler
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Germany.
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13125, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Dampens Allergic Rhinitis via Eosinophilic Production of the Anti-Allergic Lipid Mediator 15-Hydroxyeicosapentaenoic Acid in Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122868. [PMID: 31766714 PMCID: PMC6950470 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolism and generation of bioactive lipid mediators are key events in the exertion of the beneficial effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acids in the regulation of allergic inflammation. Here, we found that dietary linseed oil, which contains high amounts of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) dampened allergic rhinitis through eosinophilic production of 15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (15-HEPE), a metabolite of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Lipidomic analysis revealed that 15-HEPE was particularly accumulated in the nasal passage of linseed oil-fed mice after the development of allergic rhinitis with the increasing number of eosinophils. Indeed, the conversion of EPA to 15-HEPE was mediated by the 15-lipoxygenase activity of eosinophils. Intranasal injection of 15-HEPE dampened allergic symptoms by inhibiting mast cell degranulation, which was mediated by the action of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. These findings identify 15-HEPE as a novel EPA-derived, and eosinophil-dependent anti-allergic metabolite, and provide a preventive and therapeutic strategy against allergic rhinitis.
Collapse
|
29
|
Chung EJ, Reedy JL, Kwon S, Patil S, Valle L, White AO, Citrin DE. 12-Lipoxygenase is a Critical Mediator of Type II Pneumocyte Senescence, Macrophage Polarization and Pulmonary Fibrosis after Irradiation. Radiat Res 2019; 192:367-379. [PMID: 31373871 DOI: 10.1667/rr15356.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) is a chronic, progressive complication of therapeutic irradiation of the thorax. It has been suggested that senescence of type II pneumocytes (AECIIs), an alveolar stem cell, plays a role in the development of RIPF through loss of replicative reserve and via senescent AECII-driven release of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines. Within this context, we hypothesized that arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) is a critical mediator of AECII senescence and RIPF. Treatment of wild-type AECIIs with 12S-hydroxyeicosateraenoic acid (12S-HETE), a downstream product of 12-LOX, was sufficient to induce senescence in a NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4)-dependent manner. Mice deficient in 12-LOX exhibited reduced AECII senescence, pulmonary collagen accumulation and accumulation of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages after thoracic irradiation (5 × 6 Gy) compared to wild-type mice. Conditioned media from irradiated or 12S-HETE-treated primary pneumocytes contained elevated levels of IL-4 and IL-13 compared to untreated pneumocytes. Primary macrophages treated with conditioned media from irradiated AECII demonstrated preferential M2 type polarization when AECIIs were derived from wild-type mice compared to 12-LOX-deficient mice. Together, these data identified 12-LOX as a critical component of RIPF and a therapeutic target for radiation-induced lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Chung
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jessica L Reedy
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Seokjoo Kwon
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Shilpa Patil
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Luca Valle
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Ayla O White
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Deborah E Citrin
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Role of Leukotriene B 4 Receptor-2 in Mast Cells in Allergic Airway Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122897. [PMID: 31197082 PMCID: PMC6627931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are effector cells in the immune system that play an important role in the allergic airway inflammation. Recently, it was reported that BLT2, a low-affinity leukotriene (LT) B4 receptor, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation through its action in mast cells. We observed that highly elevated expression levels of BLT2 are critical for the pathogenesis leading to allergic airway inflammation, and that if BLT2 expression is downregulated by siBLT2-mediated knockdown, allergic inflammation is dramatically alleviated. Furthermore, we demonstrated that BLT2 mediates the synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-13, in mast cells during allergic inflammation. Based on the critical roles of BLT2 in mast cells in allergic inflammation, anti-BLT2 strategies could contribute to the development of new therapies for allergic airway inflammation.
Collapse
|
31
|
hucMSCs Attenuate IBD through Releasing miR148b-5p to Inhibit the Expression of 15-lox-1 in Macrophages. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:6953963. [PMID: 31275059 PMCID: PMC6558632 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6953963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert powerful immunosuppression in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Macrophages are the dominant inflammatory cells in enteritis regulated via MSCs. However, the roles of macrophages in the process of MSCs attenuating IBD and the mechanisms of MSCs regulating macrophages are largely unknown. In this study, DSS- (dextran sulfate sodium salt-) induced IBD in macrophage-depleted models of CD11b-DTR mice was used to study the relationship between hucMSCs (human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells) and macrophage. Body weights, disease activities, and pathological changes were documented to assess the therapeutic effects of hucMSCs. Furthermore, hucMSCs transfected with miR148b-5p mimics and miR148b-5p inhibitors were cocultured with LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells to investigate the role of miR148b-5p in hucMSC-regulated colitis. The outcome indicated that hucMSCs attenuated the IBD by downregulating 15-lox-1 expression in macrophages. Further findings pointed out that hucMSCs transfected with miR148b-5p mimics could be elevated to promote the tissue repair and inhibit the expression of 15-lox-1 but failed to perform the function of easing enteritis when treated with miR148b-5p inhibitors. In conclusions, we propose that hucMSCs attenuate IBD by releasing miR148b-5p to inhibit the expression of 15-lox-1 in macrophages.
Collapse
|
32
|
Yan B, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang C, Zhang L. Inhibition of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase reduces the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2018; 9:270-280. [PMID: 30452122 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases; Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology; Beijing China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases; Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology; Beijing China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases; Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology; Beijing China
| | - Chengshuo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases; Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology; Beijing China
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jain V, Raina S, Gheware AP, Singh R, Rehman R, Negi V, Murray Stewart T, Mabalirajan U, Mishra AK, Casero RA, Agrawal A, Ghosh B. Reduction in polyamine catabolism leads to spermine-mediated airway epithelial injury and induces asthma features. Allergy 2018; 73:2033-2045. [PMID: 29729200 DOI: 10.1111/all.13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway epithelial injury is a crucial component of acute and severe asthma pathogenesis and a promising target for treatment of refractory asthma. However, the underlying mechanism of epithelial injury remains poorly explored. Although high levels of polyamines, mainly spermine, have been found in asthma and comorbidity, their role in airway epithelial injury and the cause of their altered levels in asthma have not been explored. METHODS We measured key polyamine metabolic enzymes in lung samples from normal and asthmatic subjects and in mice with OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation (AAI). Polyamine metabolism was modulated using pharmacologic/genetic modulators. Epithelial stress and apoptosis were measured by TSLP levels and TUNEL assay, respectively. RESULTS We found loss of the polyamine catabolic enzymes spermidine/spermine-N (1)-acetyltransferase-1 (SAT1) and spermine oxidase (SMOX) predominantly in bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) of human asthmatic lung samples and mice with AAI. In naïve mice, SAT1 or SMOX knockdown led to airway hyper-responsiveness, remodeling, and BEC apoptosis. Conversely, in mice with AAI, overexpression of either SAT1 or SMOX alleviated asthmatic features and reduced TSLP levels and BEC apoptosis. Similarly, while pharmacological induction of SAT1 and SMOX using the polyamine analogue bis(ethyl)norspermine (BENSPM) alleviated asthmatic features with reduced TSLP levels and BEC apoptosis, pharmacological inhibition of these enzymes using BERENIL or MDL72527, respectively, worsened them. Spermine accumulation in lungs correlated with BEC apoptosis, and spermine treatment caused apoptosis of human BEAS-2B cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Spermine induces BEC injury. Induction of polyamine catabolism may represent a novel therapeutic approach for asthma via reversing BEC stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Jain
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB) Delhi India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Chennai India
| | - S. Raina
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB) Delhi India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Chennai India
| | - A. P. Gheware
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB) Delhi India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Chennai India
| | - R. Singh
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB) Delhi India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Chennai India
| | - R. Rehman
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB) Delhi India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Chennai India
| | - V. Negi
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB) Delhi India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Chennai India
| | - T. Murray Stewart
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA
| | - U. Mabalirajan
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB) Delhi India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Chennai India
| | - A. K. Mishra
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB) Delhi India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Chennai India
| | - R. A. Casero
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA
| | - A. Agrawal
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB) Delhi India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Chennai India
| | - B. Ghosh
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB) Delhi India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Chennai India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Omar YM, Abdu-Allah HHM, Abdel-Moty SG. Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking study of 1,3,4-thiadiazole-thiazolidinone hybrids as anti-inflammatory agents with dual inhibition of COX-2 and 15-LOX. Bioorg Chem 2018; 80:461-471. [PMID: 29986191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Selective inhibition of both cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 15-lipooxygenase (15-LOX) may provide good strategy for alleviation of inflammatory disorders while minimizing side effects associated with current anti-inflammatory drugs. The present study describes the synthesis, full characterization and biological evaluation of a series of thiadiazole-thiazolidinone hybrids bearing 5-alk/arylidene as dual inhibitors of these enzymes. Our design was based on merging pharmacophores that exhibit portent anti-inflammatory activities in one molecular frame. 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine (3) was efficiently synthesized, chloroacetylated and cyclized to give the key 4-thiazolidinone (5). Knovenagel condensation of 5 with different aldehydes afforded the final compounds 6a-m, 7, 8 and 9. These compounds were subjected to in vitro COX-1/COX-2, 15-LOX inhibition assays. Compounds (6a, 6f, 6i, 6l, 6m and 9) with promising potency (IC50 = 70-100 nM) and selectivity index (SI = 220-55) were further tested for in vivo anti-inflammatory activity and effect on gastric mucosa. The most promising compound (6l) inhibits COX-2 enzyme at a nanomolar concentration (IC50 = 70 nM, SI = 220) with simultaneous inhibition of 15-LOX (IC50 = 11 µM). These results are comparable to the potency and selectivity of the standard drugs of both enzymes; celecoxib (COX-2 IC50 = 49 nM, SI = 308) and zileuton (15-LOX IC50 = 15 µM) in one construct. Interestingly three compounds (6a, 6l and 9) exhibited equivalent to or even higher than that of celecoxib in vivo anti-inflammatory activity at 3 h interval with good GIT safety profile. Molecular docking study conferred binding sites of these compounds on COX-2 and 15-LOX. Such type of compounds would represent valuable leads for further investigation and derivatization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser M Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Hajjaj H M Abdu-Allah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
| | - Samia G Abdel-Moty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ro M, Lee AJ, Kim JH. 5-/12-Lipoxygenase-linked cascade contributes to the IL-33-induced synthesis of IL-13 in mast cells, thus promoting asthma development. Allergy 2018; 73:350-360. [PMID: 28857185 DOI: 10.1111/all.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As asthma progresses, the levels of IL-33 in serum are markedly increased and contribute to asthmatic development and exacerbation. Mast cells, one of the principal effector cells in the pathogenesis of asthma, express high levels of the IL-33 receptor ST2 and have been shown to be activated by IL-33. Thus, IL-33 stimulates mast cells to produce Th2-type cytokines such as IL-13, thus contributing to asthmatic development. However, the signaling mechanism for IL-33-induced synthesis of Th2 cytokines, particularly IL-13, has not been fully elucidated in mast cells. METHODS The role of 5- or 12-LO in the IL-33-induced synthesis of IL-13 was investigated using knockdown or pharmacological inhibitors in bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) and animal model. RESULTS Blockade of 5- or 12-LO significantly suppressed IL-33-induced synthesis of IL-13 in BMMCs. The subsequent action of 5- and 12-LO metabolites through their specific receptor, BLT2, was also critical for IL-33-induced synthesis of IL-13. We also demonstrated that the MyD88-p38 kinase cascade lies upstream of 5-/12-LO and that NF-κB lies downstream of 5-/12-LO to mediate the IL-33-induced synthesis of IL-13 in mast cells. Consistent with these findings, we observed that in an IL-33-administered asthmatic airway inflammation model, IL-13 levels were markedly increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but its levels were markedly suppressed by treatment with inhibitors of 5-LO, 12-LO or BLT2, further suggesting roles of 5-/12-LO in IL-33-induced IL-13 production. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that "MyD88-5-/12-LO-BLT2-NF-κB" cascade significantly contributes to the IL-33-induced synthesis of IL-13 in mast cells, thus potentially contributing to asthmatic development and exacerbation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MyungJa Ro
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - A-Jin Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Semeraro ML, Glenn LM, Morris MA. The Four-Way Stop Sign: Viruses, 12-Lipoxygenase, Islets, and Natural Killer Cells in Type 1 Diabetes Progression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:246. [PMID: 28993759 PMCID: PMC5622285 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells represent an important effector arm against viral infection, and mounting evidence suggests that viral infection plays a role in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in at least a portion of patients. NK cells recognize their target cells through a delicate balance of inhibitory and stimulatory receptors on their surface. If unbalanced, NK cells have great potential to wreak havoc in the pancreas due to the beta cell expression of the as-yet-defined NKp46 ligand through interactions with the activating NKp46 receptor found on the surface of most NK cells. Blocking interactions between NKp46 and its ligand protects mice from STZ-induced diabetes, but differential expression non-diabetic and diabetic donor samples have not been tested. Additional studies have shown that peripheral blood NK cells from human T1D patients have altered phenotypes that reduce the lytic and functional ability of the NK cells. Investigations of humanT1D pancreas tissues have indicated that the presence of NK cells may be beneficial despite their infrequent detection. In non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, we have noted that NK cells express high levels of the proinflammatory mediator 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LO), and decreased levels of stimulatory receptors. Conversely, NK cells of 12/15-LO deficient NOD mice, which are protected from diabetes development, express significantly higher levels of stimulatory receptors. Furthermore, the human NK92 cell line expresses the ALOX12 protein [human 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO), related to mouse 12/15-LO] via Western blotting. Human 12-LO is upregulated in the pancreas of both T1D and T2D human donors with insulin-containing islets, showing a link between 12-LO expression and diabetes progression. Therefore, our hypothesis is that NK cells in those susceptible to developing T1D are unable to function properly during viral infections of pancreatic beta cells due to increased 12-LO expression and activation, which contributes to increased interferon-gamma production and an imbalance in activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors, and may contribute to downstream autoimmune T cell responses. The work presented here outlines evidence from our lab, as well as published literature, supporting our hypothesis, including novel data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele L. Semeraro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Lindsey M. Glenn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Margaret A. Morris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lee AJ, Ro M, Cho KJ, Kim JH. Lipopolysaccharide/TLR4 Stimulates IL-13 Production through a MyD88-BLT2-Linked Cascade in Mast Cells, Potentially Contributing to the Allergic Response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:409-417. [PMID: 28600286 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In an experimental asthma model, the activation of TLR4 by bacterial LPS occasionally exacerbates allergic inflammation through the production of Th2 cytokines, and mast cells have been suggested to play a central role in this response. However, the detailed mechanism underlying how LPS/TLR4 stimulates the production of Th2 cytokines, especially IL-13, remains unclear in mast cells. In the current study, we observed that the expression levels of leukotriene B4 receptor-2 (BLT2) and the synthesis of its ligands were highly upregulated in LPS-stimulated bone marrow-derived mast cells and that BLT2 blockade with small interfering RNA or a pharmacological inhibitor completely abolished IL-13 production, suggesting a mediatory role of the BLT2 ligand-BLT2 axis in LPS/TLR4 signaling to IL-13 synthesis in mast cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that MyD88 lies upstream of the BLT2 ligand-BLT2 axis and that this MyD88-BLT2 cascade leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species through NADPH oxidase 1 and the subsequent activation of NF-κB, thereby mediating IL-13 synthesis. Interestingly, we observed that costimulation of LPS/TLR4 and IgE/FcεRI caused greatly enhanced IL-13 synthesis in mast cells, and blockading BLT2 abolished these effects. Similarly, in vivo, the IL-13 level was markedly enhanced by LPS administration in an OVA-induced asthma model, and injecting a BLT2 antagonist beforehand clearly attenuated this increase. Together, our findings suggest that a BLT2-linked cascade plays a pivotal role in LPS/TLR4 signaling for IL-13 synthesis in mast cells, thereby potentially exacerbating allergic response. Our findings may provide insight into the mechanisms underlying how bacterial infection worsens allergic inflammation under certain conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A-Jin Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea; and
| | - MyungJa Ro
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea; and
| | - Kyung-Jin Cho
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea; and
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mao F, Wu Y, Tang X, Wang J, Pan Z, Zhang P, Zhang B, Yan Y, Zhang X, Qian H, Xu W. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate inflammatory bowel disease through the regulation of 15-LOX-1 in macrophages. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 39:929-938. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
39
|
Eleftheriadis N, Thee SA, Zwinderman MRH, Leus NGJ, Dekker FJ. Activity-Based Probes for 15-Lipoxygenase-1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12300-5. [PMID: 27612308 PMCID: PMC5218545 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) plays an important role in several inflammatory lung diseases, such as asthma, COPD, and chronic bronchitis, as well as various CNS diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. Activity-based probes of 15-LOX-1 are required to explore the role of this enzyme further and to enable drug discovery. In this study, we developed a 15-LOX-1 activity-based probe for the efficient activity-based labeling of recombinant 15-LOX-1. 15-LOX-1-dependent labeling in cell lysates and tissue samples was also possible. To mimic the natural substrate of the enzyme, we designed activity-based probes that covalently bind to the active enzyme and include a terminal alkene as a chemical reporter for the bioorthogonal linkage of a detectable functionality through an oxidative Heck reaction. The activity-based labeling of 15-LOX-1 should enable the investigation and identification of this enzyme in complex biological samples, thus opening up completely new opportunities for drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Eleftheriadis
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie A Thee
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn R H Zwinderman
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niek G J Leus
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J Dekker
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Eleftheriadis N, Thee SA, Zwinderman MRH, Leus NGJ, Dekker FJ. Activity-Based Probes for 15-Lipoxygenase-1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Eleftheriadis
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology; Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy; University of Groningen; Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie A. Thee
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology; Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy; University of Groningen; Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Martijn R. H. Zwinderman
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology; Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy; University of Groningen; Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Niek G. J. Leus
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology; Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy; University of Groningen; Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Frank J. Dekker
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology; Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy; University of Groningen; Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lee AJ, Ro M, Kim JH. Leukotriene B4 Receptor 2 Is Critical for the Synthesis of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Allergen-Stimulated Mast Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2069-78. [PMID: 27489284 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are among the principal effector cells in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. In allergic reactions, allergen (Ag)-induced cross-linking of IgE bound to FcεRI on mast cells results in the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is essential for the initiation and development of the allergic response. Despite the central role of VEGF in allergic asthma, the signaling events responsible for the production of VEGF remain unclear, particularly in Ag-stimulated mast cells. In the present study, we observed that blocking leukotriene B4 receptor 2 (BLT2) completely abrogated the production of VEGF in Ag-stimulated bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). The synthesis of BLT2 ligands (leukotriene B4 and 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid) was also required for VEGF production, suggesting a mediating role of an autocrine BLT2 ligands-BLT2 axis in the production of VEGF in mast cells. The NADPH oxidase 1-reactive oxygen species-NF-κB cascade is downstream of BLT2 during Ag signaling to VEGF synthesis in mast cells. Furthermore, the level of VEGF synthesis in genetically mast cell-deficient Kit(W/Wv) mice was significantly lower than that in wild-type mice in the OVA-induced asthma model, suggesting that mast cells play a critical role in the synthesis of VEGF in OVA-induced allergic asthma. Importantly, VEGF production was restored to the levels observed in wild-type mice after adoptive transfer of normal BMMCs into Kit(W/Wv) mice but was not restored in BLT2(-/-) BMMC-reconstituted Kit(W/Wv) mice in the OVA-induced asthma model. Taken together, our results suggest that BLT2 expression in mast cells is essential for the production of VEGF in OVA-induced allergic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A-Jin Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - MyungJa Ro
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Eleftheriadis N, Poelman H, Leus NGJ, Honrath B, Neochoritis CG, Dolga A, Dömling A, Dekker FJ. Design of a novel thiophene inhibitor of 15-lipoxygenase-1 with both anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122:786-801. [PMID: 27477687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) plays a dual role in diseases with an inflammatory component. On one hand 15-LOX-1 plays a role in pro-inflammatory gene expression and on the other hand it has been shown to be involved in central nervous system (CNS) disorders by its ability to mediate oxidative stress and damage of mitochondrial membranes under hypoxic conditions. In order to further explore applications in the CNS, novel 15-LOX-1 inhibitors with favorable physicochemical properties need to be developed. Here, we present Substitution Oriented Screening (SOS) in combination with Multi Component Chemistry (MCR) as an effective strategy to identify a diversely substituted small heterocyclic inhibitors for 15-LOX-1, denoted ThioLox, with physicochemical properties superior to previously identified inhibitors. Ex vivo biological evaluation in precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) showed inhibition of pro-inflammatory gene expression and in vitro studies on neuronal HT-22 cells showed a strong protection against glutamate toxicity for this 15-LOX-1 inhibitor. This provides a novel approach to identify novel small with favorable physicochemical properties for exploring 15-LOX-1 as a drug target in inflammatory diseases and neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Eleftheriadis
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Hessel Poelman
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Niek G J Leus
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Birgit Honrath
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Constantinos G Neochoritis
- Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Amalia Dolga
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J Dekker
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abdel-Mageed WM, Mohamed NH, Liu M, El-Gamal AA, Basudan OA, Ismail MA, Quinn RJ, Liu X, Zhang L, Shoreit AAM. Lipoxygenase inhibitors from the latex of Calotropis Procera. Arch Pharm Res 2016:10.1007/s12272-016-0725-9. [PMID: 26960736 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A radical-scavenging, guided phytochemical study of the latex of Calotropis Procera afforded five lignans (1-5), including a new one (4). The structural determination was accomplished using 1D- and 2D-NMR, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), and correlation with known compounds. Among the isolated compounds, acylated lignans (3-5) showed stronger antioxidant activity than non-acylated derivatives (1,2). Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by determining the inhibitory potential against 5- and 15-lipoxygenase enzymes. The highest anti-inflammatory activity was observed in compound 4, with IC50s values of 7.6 µM and 2.7 µM against 5-LOX and 15-LOX, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wael M Abdel-Mageed
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Nadia H Mohamed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Samtah, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ali A El-Gamal
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omer A Basudan
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mady Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ronald J Quinn
- Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Xueting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Ahmed A M Shoreit
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Agrawal A, Mabalirajan U. Rejuvenating cellular respiration for optimizing respiratory function: targeting mitochondria. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 310:L103-13. [PMID: 26566906 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00320.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered bioenergetics with increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and degradation of epithelial function are key aspects of pathogenesis in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This motif is not unique to obstructive airway disease, reported in related airway diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and parenchymal diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis. Similarly, mitochondrial dysfunction in vascular endothelium or skeletal muscles contributes to the development of pulmonary hypertension and systemic manifestations of lung disease. In experimental models of COPD or asthma, the use of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, such as MitoQ, has substantially improved mitochondrial health and restored respiratory function. Modulation of noncoding RNA or protein regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, or degradation has been found to be effective in models of fibrosis, emphysema, asthma, and pulmonary hypertension. Transfer of healthy mitochondria to epithelial cells has been associated with remarkable therapeutic efficacy in models of acute lung injury and asthma. Together, these form a 3R model--repair, reprogramming, and replacement--for mitochondria-targeted therapies in lung disease. This review highlights the key role of mitochondrial function in lung health and disease, with a focus on asthma and COPD, and provides an overview of mitochondria-targeted strategies for rejuvenating cellular respiration and optimizing respiratory function in lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Agrawal
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Eleftheriadis N, Neochoritis CG, Leus NGJ, van der Wouden PE, Dömling A, Dekker FJ. Rational Development of a Potent 15-Lipoxygenase-1 Inhibitor with in Vitro and ex Vivo Anti-inflammatory Properties. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7850-62. [PMID: 26331552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human 15-lipoxygenase-1 (h-15-LOX-1) is a mammalian lipoxygenase and plays an important role in several inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma, COPD, and chronic bronchitis. Novel potent inhibitors of h-15-LOX-1 are required to explore the role of this enzyme further and to enable drug discovery efforts. In this study, we applied an approach in which we screened a fragment collection that is focused on a diverse substitution pattern of nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as indoles, quinolones, pyrazoles, and others. We denoted this approach substitution-oriented fragment screening (SOS) because it focuses on the identification of novel substitution patterns rather than on novel scaffolds. This approach enabled the identification of hits with good potency and clear structure-activity relationships (SAR) for h-1-5-LOX-1 inhibition. Molecular modeling enabled the rationalization of the observed SAR and supported structure-based design for further optimization to obtain inhibitor 14 d that binds with a Ki of 36 nM to the enzyme. In vitro and ex vivo biological evaluations of our best inhibitor demonstrate a significant increase of interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene expression, which indicates its anti-inflammatory properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Eleftheriadis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, ‡Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Constantinos G Neochoritis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, ‡Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niek G J Leus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, ‡Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Petra E van der Wouden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, ‡Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, ‡Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J Dekker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, ‡Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Mashima R, Okuyama T. The role of lipoxygenases in pathophysiology; new insights and future perspectives. Redox Biol 2015; 6:297-310. [PMID: 26298204 PMCID: PMC4556770 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are dioxygenases that catalyze the formation of corresponding hydroperoxides from polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. LOX enzymes are expressed in immune, epithelial, and tumor cells that display a variety of physiological functions, including inflammation, skin disorder, and tumorigenesis. In the humans and mice, six LOX isoforms have been known. 15-LOX, a prototypical enzyme originally found in reticulocytes shares the similarity of amino acid sequence as well as the biochemical property to plant LOX enzymes. 15-LOX-2, which is expressed in epithelial cells and leukocytes, has different substrate specificity in the humans and mice, therefore, the role of them in mammals has not been established. 12-LOX is an isoform expressed in epithelial cells and myeloid cells including platelets. Many mutations in this isoform are found in epithelial cancers, suggesting a potential link between 12-LOX and tumorigenesis. 12R-LOX can be found in the epithelial cells of the skin. Defects in this gene result in ichthyosis, a cutaneous disorder characterized by pathophysiologically dried skin due to abnormal loss of water from its epithelial cell layer. Similarly, eLOX-3, which is also expressed in the skin epithelial cells acting downstream 12R-LOX, is another causative factor for ichthyosis. 5-LOX is a distinct isoform playing an important role in asthma and inflammation. This isoform causes the constriction of bronchioles in response to cysteinyl leukotrienes such as LTC4, thus leading to asthma. It also induces neutrophilic inflammation by its recruitment in response to LTB4. Importantly, 5-LOX activity is strictly regulated by 5-LOX activating protein (FLAP) though the distribution of 5-LOX in the nucleus. Currently, pharmacological drugs targeting FLAP are actively developing. This review summarized these functions of LOX enzymes under pathophysiological conditions in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Mashima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
| | - Torayuki Okuyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Agrawal A, Prakash YS. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and airway disease: a bioenergetic problem? Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2014; 34:785-96. [PMID: 25282291 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple studies have determined that obesity increases asthma risk or severity. Metabolic changes of obesity, such as diabetes or insulin resistance, are associated with asthma and poorer lung function. Insulin resistance is also found to increase asthma risk independent of body mass. Conversely, asthma is associated with abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and obesity. Here we review our current understanding of how dietary and lifestyle factors lead to changes in mitochondrial metabolism and cellular bioenergetics, inducing various components of the cardiometabolic syndrome and airway disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Agrawal
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ahmad T, Mukherjee S, Pattnaik B, Kumar M, Singh S, Kumar M, Rehman R, Tiwari BK, Jha KA, Barhanpurkar AP, Wani MR, Roy SS, Mabalirajan U, Ghosh B, Agrawal A. Miro1 regulates intercellular mitochondrial transport & enhances mesenchymal stem cell rescue efficacy. EMBO J 2014; 33:994-1010. [PMID: 24431222 DOI: 10.1002/embj.201386030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that stem cells can rejuvenate damaged cells by mitochondrial transfer. Earlier studies show that epithelial mitochondrial dysfunction is critical in asthma pathogenesis. Here we show for the first time that Miro1, a mitochondrial Rho-GTPase, regulates intercellular mitochondrial movement from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to epithelial cells (EC). We demonstrate that overexpression of Miro1 in MSC (MSCmiro(Hi)) leads to enhanced mitochondrial transfer and rescue of epithelial injury, while Miro1 knockdown (MSCmiro(Lo)) leads to loss of efficacy. Treatment with MSCmiro(Hi) was associated with greater therapeutic efficacy, when compared to control MSC, in mouse models of rotenone (Rot) induced airway injury and allergic airway inflammation (AAI). Notably, airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling were reversed by MSCmiro(Hi) in three separate allergen-induced asthma models. In a human in vitro system, MSCmiro(Hi) reversed mitochondrial dysfunction in bronchial epithelial cells treated with pro-inflammatory supernatant of IL-13-induced macrophages. Anti-inflammatory MSC products like NO, TGF-β, IL-10 and PGE2, were unchanged by Miro1 overexpression, excluding non-specific paracrine effects. In summary, Miro1 overexpression leads to increased stem cell repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Ahmad
- Centre of Excellence in Asthma & Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Leishangthem GD, Mabalirajan U, Singh VP, Agrawal A, Ghosh B, Dinda AK. Ultrastructural changes of airway in murine models of allergy and diet-induced metabolic syndrome. ISRN ALLERGY 2013; 2013:261297. [PMID: 24106613 PMCID: PMC3782840 DOI: 10.1155/2013/261297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studying ultrastructural changes could reveal novel pathophysiology of obese-asthmatic condition as existing concepts in asthma pathogenesis are based on the histological changes of the diseased airway. While asthma is defined in functional terms, the potential of electron microscopy (EM) in providing cellular and subcellular detail is underutilized. With this view, we have performed transmission EM in the lungs from allergic mice that show key features of asthma and high-fat- or high-fructose-fed mice that mimicked metabolic syndrome to illustrate the ultrastructural changes. The primary focus was epithelial injury and metaplasia, which are cardinal features of asthma and initiate airway remodeling. EM findings of the allergically inflamed mouse lungs correlate with known features of human asthma such as increased mitochondria in airway smooth muscle, platelet activation and subepithelial myofibroblasts. Interestingly, we found a clear and unambiguous evidence to suggest that ciliated cells can become goblet cells using immunoelectron microscopy. Additionally, we show for the first time the stressed mitochondria in the bronchial epithelia of high-fat- or high-fructose-fed mice even without allergen exposure. These results may stimulate interest in using EM in understanding novel pathological mechanisms for different subtypes of asthma including obese asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Devi Leishangthem
- Renal Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ulaganathan Mabalirajan
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Center for Translational Research in Asthma and Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Vijay Pal Singh
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Center for Translational Research in Asthma and Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Center for Translational Research in Asthma and Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Center for Translational Research in Asthma and Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dinda
- Renal Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| |
Collapse
|