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Oehlert AM, Garza J, Nixon S, Frank L, Folkerts EJ, Stieglitz JD, Lu C, Heuer RM, Benetti DD, Del Campo J, Gomez FA, Grosell M. Implications of dietary carbon incorporation in fish carbonates for the global carbon cycle. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:169895. [PMID: 38215854 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Marine bony fish are important participants in Earth's carbon cycle through their contributions to the biological pump and the marine inorganic carbon cycle. However, uncertainties in the composition and magnitude of fish contributions preclude their integration into fully coupled carbon-climate models. Here, we consider recent upwards revisions to global fish biomass estimates (2.7-9.5×) and provide new stable carbon isotope measurements that show marine fish are prodigious producers of carbonate with unique composition. Assuming the median increase (4.17×) in fish biomass estimates is linearly reflected in fish carbonate (ichthyocarbonate) production rate, marine fish are estimated to produce between 1.43 and 3.99 Pg CaCO3 yr-1, but potentially as much as 9.03 Pg CaCO3 yr-1. Thus, marine fish carbonate production is equivalent to or potentially higher than contributions by coccolithophores or pelagic foraminifera. New stable carbon isotope analyses indicate that a significant proportion of ichthyocarbonate is derived from dietary carbon, rather than seawater dissolved inorganic carbon. Using a statistical mixing model to derive source contributions, we estimate ichthyocarbonate contains up to 81 % dietary carbon, with average compositions of 28-56 %, standing in contrast to contents <10 % in other biogenic carbonate minerals. Results also indicate ichthyocarbonate contains 5.5-40.4 % total organic carbon. When scaled to the median revised global production of ichthyocarbonate, an additional 0.08 to 1.61 Pg C yr-1 can potentially be added to estimates of fish contributions to the biological pump, significantly increasing marine fish contributions to total surface carbon export. Our integration of geochemical and physiological analyses identifies an overlooked link between carbonate production and the biological pump. Since ichthyocarbonate production is anticipated to increase with climate change scenarios, due to ocean warming and acidification, these results emphasize the importance of quantitative understanding of the multifaceted role of marine fish in the global carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Oehlert
- Department of Marine Geosciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, FL, United States of America.
| | - Jazmin Garza
- Department of Marine Geosciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Sandy Nixon
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - LeeAnn Frank
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Erik J Folkerts
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - John D Stieglitz
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Chaojin Lu
- Department of Marine Geosciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Rachael M Heuer
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Daniel D Benetti
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Javier Del Campo
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, FL, United States of America; Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC - Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabian A Gomez
- Northern Gulf Institute, Mississippi State University, MS, United States of America; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, FL, United States of America
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2
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Folkerts EJ, Oehlert AM, Heuer RM, Nixon S, Stieglitz JD, Grosell M. The role of marine fish-produced carbonates in the oceanic carbon cycle is determined by size, specific gravity, and dissolution rate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170044. [PMID: 38244625 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Rising CO2 emissions have heightened the necessity for increased understanding of Earth's carbon cycle to predict future climates. The involvement of marine planktonic species in the global carbon cycle has been extensively studied, but contributions by marine fish remain poorly characterized. Marine teleost fishes produce carbonate minerals ('ichthyocarbonates') within the lumen of their intestines which are excreted at significant rates on a global scale. However, we have limited understanding of the fate of excreted ichthyocarbonate. We analyzed ichthyocarbonate produced by three different marine teleosts for mol%MgCO3 content, size, specific gravity, and dissolution rate to gain a better understanding of ichthyocarbonate fate. Based on the species examined here, we report that 75 % of ichthyocarbonates are ≤0.91 mm in diameter. Analyses indicate high Mg2+ content across species (22.3 to 32.3 % mol%MgCO3), consistent with previous findings. Furthermore, ichthyocarbonate specific gravity ranged from 1.23 to 1.33 g/cm3, and ichthyocarbonate dissolution rates varied among species as a function of aragonite saturation state. Ichthyocarbonate sinking rates and dissolution depth were estimated for the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian ocean basins for the three species examined. In the North Atlantic, for example, ~33 % of examined ichthyocarbonates are expected to reach depths exceeding 200 m prior to complete dissolution. The remaining ~66 % of ichthyocarbonate is estimated to dissolve and contribute to shallow water alkalinity budgets. Considering fish biomass and ichthyocarbonate production rates, our results support that marine fishes are critical to the global carbon cycle, contributing to oceanic alkalinity budgets and thereby influencing the ability of the oceans to neutralize atmospheric CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Folkerts
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America.
| | - Amanda M Oehlert
- Department of Marine Geosciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - Rachael M Heuer
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - Sandy Nixon
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - John D Stieglitz
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
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3
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Liu H, Wen Z, Liu Z, Yang Y, Wang H, Xia X, Ye J, Liu Y. Unlocking the potential of amorphous calcium carbonate: A star ascending in the realm of biomedical application. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:602-622. [PMID: 38322345 PMCID: PMC10840486 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium-based biomaterials have been intensively studied in the field of drug delivery owing to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Calcium-based materials can also deliver contrast agents, which can enhance real-time imaging and exert a Ca2+-interfering therapeutic effect. Based on these characteristics, amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), as a brunch of calcium-based biomaterials, has the potential to become a widely used biomaterial. Highly functional ACC can be either discovered in natural organisms or obtained by chemical synthesis However, the standalone presence of ACC is unstable in vivo. Additives are required to be used as stabilizers or core-shell structures formed by permeable layers or lipids with modified molecules constructed to maintain the stability of ACC until the ACC carrier reaches its destination. ACC has high chemical instability and can produce biocompatible products when exposed to an acidic condition in vivo, such as Ca2+ with an immune-regulating ability and CO2 with an imaging-enhancing ability. Owing to these characteristics, ACC has been studied for self-sacrificing templates of carrier construction, targeted delivery of oncology drugs, immunomodulation, tumor imaging, tissue engineering, and calcium supplementation. Emphasis in this paper has been placed on the origin, structural features, and multiple applications of ACC. Meanwhile, ACC faces many challenges in clinical translation, and long-term basic research is required to overcome these challenges. We hope that this study will contribute to future innovative research on ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhiyang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xuejun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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4
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Wu W, Lu Z, Lu C, Sun X, Ni B, Cölfen H, Xiong R. Bioinspired Stabilization of Amorphous Calcium Carbonate by Carboxylated Nanocellulose Enables Mechanically Robust, Healable, and Sensing Biocomposites. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6664-6674. [PMID: 36946540 PMCID: PMC10100558 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nature builds numerous structurally complex composites with fascinating mechanical robustness and functionalities by harnessing biopolymers and amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC). The key to successfully mimicking these natural designs is efficiently stabilizing ACC, but developing highly efficient, biodegradable, biocompatible, and sustainable stabilizing agents remains a grand challenge since anhydrous ACC is inherently unstable toward crystallization in the wet state. Inspired by the stabilized ACC in crustacean cuticles, we report the efficient stabilization ability of the most abundant biopolymer-cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) for ACC. Through the cooperative stabilizing effect of surface carboxyl groups and a rigid segregated network, the CNFs exhibit long-term stability (more than one month) and achieved a stabilization efficiency of 3.6 and 4.4 times that of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and alginate, respectively, even higher than poly(acrylic acid). The resulting CNF/ACC dispersions can be constructed into transparent composite films with the high strength of 286 MPa and toughness up to 28.5 MJ/m3, which surpass those of the so far reported synthetic biopolymer-calcium carbonate/phosphate composites. The dynamic interfacial interaction between nanocomponents also provides the composite films with good self-healing properties. Owing to their good wet stability, the composite films present high humidity sensitivity for monitoring respiration and finger contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Wu
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhixing Lu
- Engineering
Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education,
College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Canhui Lu
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xunwen Sun
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bing Ni
- Physical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University
of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University
of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Rui Xiong
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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5
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Ghilardi M, Salter MA, Parravicini V, Ferse SCA, Rixen T, Wild C, Birkicht M, Perry CT, Berry A, Wilson RW, Mouillot D, Bejarano S. Temperature, species identity and morphological traits predict carbonate excretion and mineralogy in tropical reef fishes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:985. [PMID: 36813767 PMCID: PMC9947118 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic pressures are restructuring coral reefs globally. Sound predictions of the expected changes in key reef functions require adequate knowledge of their drivers. Here we investigate the determinants of a poorly-studied yet relevant biogeochemical function sustained by marine bony fishes: the excretion of intestinal carbonates. Compiling carbonate excretion rates and mineralogical composition from 382 individual coral reef fishes (85 species and 35 families), we identify the environmental factors and fish traits that predict them. We find that body mass and relative intestinal length (RIL) are the strongest predictors of carbonate excretion. Larger fishes and those with longer intestines excrete disproportionately less carbonate per unit mass than smaller fishes and those with shorter intestines. The mineralogical composition of excreted carbonates is highly conserved within families, but also controlled by RIL and temperature. These results fundamentally advance our understanding of the role of fishes in inorganic carbon cycling and how this contribution will change as community composition shifts under increasing anthropogenic pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Ghilardi
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
- Department of Marine Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße UFT, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | | | - Valeriano Parravicini
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, University of Perpignan, 66860, Perpignan, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Sebastian C A Ferse
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Marine Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße UFT, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Tim Rixen
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christian Wild
- Department of Marine Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße UFT, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Matthias Birkicht
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Chris T Perry
- Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Alex Berry
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Rod W Wilson
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - David Mouillot
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Sonia Bejarano
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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6
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Clark SM, Grigorova V, Colas B, Darwish TA, Wood K, Neuefeind J, Jacob DE. The Kinetics of Aragonite Formation from Solution via Amorphous Calcium Carbonate. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12234151. [PMID: 36500773 PMCID: PMC9739954 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium doped Amorphous Calcium Carbonate was synthesised from precursor solutions containing varying amounts of calcium, magnesium, H2O and D2O. The Mg/Ca ratio in the resultant Amorphous Calcium Carbonate was found to vary linearly with the Mg/Ca ratio in the precursor solution. All samples crystallised as aragonite. No Mg was found in the final aragonite crystals. Changes in the Mg to Ca ratio were found to only marginally effect nucleation rates but strongly effect crystal growth rates. These results are consistent with a dissolution-reprecipitation model for aragonite formation via an Amorphous Calcium Carbonate intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M. Clark
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, North Macquarie Park, Shellharbour, NSW 2109, Australia
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, Sydney, NSW 2232, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Vili Grigorova
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, North Macquarie Park, Shellharbour, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Bruno Colas
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, North Macquarie Park, Shellharbour, NSW 2109, Australia
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, Sydney, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Tamim A. Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Kirrawee DC, Sydney, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Kathleen Wood
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, Sydney, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Joerg Neuefeind
- Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Dorrit E. Jacob
- Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
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7
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Kahil K, Weiner S, Addadi L, Gal A. Ion Pathways in Biomineralization: Perspectives on Uptake, Transport, and Deposition of Calcium, Carbonate, and Phosphate. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21100-21112. [PMID: 34881565 PMCID: PMC8704196 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Minerals are formed by organisms in all of the kingdoms of life. Mineral formation pathways all involve uptake of ions from the environment, transport of ions by cells, sometimes temporary storage, and ultimately deposition in or outside of the cells. Even though the details of how all this is achieved vary enormously, all pathways need to respect both the chemical limitations of ion manipulation, as well as the many "housekeeping" roles of ions in cell functioning. Here we provide a chemical perspective on the biological pathways of biomineralization. Our approach is to compare and contrast the ion pathways involving calcium, phosphate, and carbonate in three very different organisms: the enormously abundant unicellular marine coccolithophores, the well investigated sea urchin larval model for single crystal formation, and the complex pathways used by vertebrates to form their bones. The comparison highlights both common and unique processes. Significantly, phosphate is involved in regulating calcium carbonate deposition and carbonate is involved in regulating calcium phosphate deposition. One often overlooked commonality is that, from uptake to deposition, the solutions involved are usually supersaturated. This therefore requires not only avoiding mineral deposition where it is not needed but also exploiting this saturated state to produce unstable mineral precursors that can be conveniently stored, redissolved, and manipulated into diverse shapes and upon deposition transformed into more ordered and hence often functional final deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Kahil
- Department
of Chemical and Structural Biology and Department of Plant and Environmental
Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Steve Weiner
- Department
of Chemical and Structural Biology and Department of Plant and Environmental
Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department
of Chemical and Structural Biology and Department of Plant and Environmental
Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Assaf Gal
- Department
of Chemical and Structural Biology and Department of Plant and Environmental
Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
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8
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Takei Y. The digestive tract as an essential organ for water acquisition in marine teleosts: lessons from euryhaline eels. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2021; 7:10. [PMID: 34154668 PMCID: PMC8215749 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-021-00175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to a hypertonic marine environment is one of the major topics in animal physiology research. Marine teleosts lose water osmotically from the gills and compensate for this loss by drinking surrounding seawater and absorbing water from the intestine. This situation is in contrast to that in mammals, which experience a net osmotic loss of water after drinking seawater. Water absorption in fishes is made possible by (1) removal of monovalent ions (desalinization) by the esophagus, (2) removal of divalent ions as carbonate (Mg/CaCO3) precipitates promoted by HCO3- secretion, and (3) facilitation of NaCl and water absorption from diluted seawater by the intestine using a suite of unique transporters. As a result, 70-85% of ingested seawater is absorbed during its passage through the digestive tract. Thus, the digestive tract is an essential organ for marine teleost survival in the hypertonic seawater environment. The eel is a species that has been frequently used for osmoregulation research in laboratories worldwide. The eel possesses many advantages as an experimental animal for osmoregulation studies, one of which is its outstanding euryhalinity, which enables researchers to examine changes in the structure and function of the digestive tract after direct transfer from freshwater to seawater. In recent years, the molecular mechanisms of ion and water transport across epithelial cells (the transcellular route) and through tight junctions (the paracellular route) have been elucidated for the esophagus and intestine. Thanks to the rapid progress in analytical methods for genome databases on teleosts, including the eel, the molecular identities of transporters, channels, pumps and junctional proteins have been clarified at the isoform level. As 10 y have passed since the previous reviews on this subject, it seems relevant and timely to summarize recent progress in research on the molecular mechanisms of water and ion transport in the digestive tract in eels and to compare the mechanisms with those of other teleosts and mammals from comparative and evolutionary viewpoints. We also propose future directions for this research field to achieve integrative understanding of the role of the digestive tract in adaptation to seawater with regard to pathways/mechanisms including the paracellular route, divalent ion absorption, metabolon formation and cellular trafficking of transporters. Notably, some of these have already attracted practical attention in laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Takei
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Marine Bioscience, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan.
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9
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Shabaka SH, Marey RS, Ghobashy M, Abushady AM, Ismail GA, Khairy HM. Thermal analysis and enhanced visual technique for assessment of microplastics in fish from an Urban Harbor, Mediterranean Coast of Egypt. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 159:111465. [PMID: 32692679 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced visual counting technique coupled with combustion analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was applied to assess microplastics (MPs) contamination in fish digestive tracts from Eastern Harbor, Egypt, to provide a simple and economic method for MPs assessment. This was the first study in Egypt to quantify MPs in fish. Plastic particles were detected in all fish samples, represented by seven thermoplastic polymers. The average number of MPs was at its highest level in Siganus rivulatus, Diplodus sargus, and Sardinella aurita (7527, 3593, and 1450MPs fish-1, resp.) and the lowest in Sphyraena viridensis and Atherina boyeri (46 and 28MPs fish-1, respectively). The average weight of MPs as measured by combustion ranged from 302mg kg-1 in S. rivulatus to 2mg kg-1 in Terapon puta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha Hamdy Shabaka
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Mediterranean Sea branch-Qayet-Bay, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Rasha Saad Marey
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Mediterranean Sea branch-Qayet-Bay, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ghobashy
- Radiation Research of Polymer Chemistry, National Center For Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Atef M Abushady
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Gehan A Ismail
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hanan M Khairy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Mediterranean Sea branch-Qayet-Bay, Alexandria, Egypt
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10
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Debasu ML, Riedl JC, Rocha J, Carlos LD. The role of Li + in the upconversion emission enhancement of (YYbEr) 2O 3 nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:15799-15808. [PMID: 30101238 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03608j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of upconversion enhancement for Li+-doped materials is still contentious. Attempting to settle the debate, here the upconversion emission enhancement of (Y0.97-xYb0.02Er0.01Lix)2O3, x = 0.000-0.123, nanoparticles is studied. Li+ incorporation in the Y2O3 host lattice is achieved via co-precipitation and solid-state reaction routes. In contrast to numerous reports, elemental analysis reveals that the former method does not afford Li+-bearing nanoparticles. The solid-state reaction route accomplishes an effective Li+ doping, as witnessed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Transmission electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction showed an increase in nanoparticle size with increasing Li+ concentration. Rietveld refinement of powder X-ray diffraction data shows that the cubic lattice parameter decreases with increasing Li+ content. The emission quantum yield increases tenfold with increasing Li+ content up to x = 0.123, reaching a maximal value of 0.04% at x = 0.031. XPS and infrared spectroscopy show that the carbonate groups increase with increasing Li+ content, thus not supporting the prevailing view that the upconversion luminescence enhancement observed upon Li+ nanoparticle's doping is due to the decrease of the number of quenching carbonate groups present. Rather, the particle size increment and the decrease in the lattice parameter of the host crystals are shown to be the prime sources of quantum yield enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengistie L Debasu
- Department of Physics and CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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11
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Song J, Wang R, Liu Z, Zhang H. Preparation and characterization of calcium carbonate microspheres and their potential application as drug carriers. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:8403-8408. [PMID: 29658586 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of lecithin from egg yolk (LE) on calcium carbonate (CaCO3) biomineralization was investigated. In the present study, spherical CaCO3 particles were synthesized via coprecipitation in the presence of LE. LE multilamellar liposomes were first tuned by sonication to provide better control over the nucleation of CaCO3. Subsequently, monodisperse microspheres ~2 µm in size were generated by controlling the aggregation and growth of CaCO3 under appropriate concentrations of LE. In contrast to unstable vaterite, the microspheres generated in aqueous solution remained stable for at least 10 days without transforming into calcite, due to the strong interaction between the LE and calcium ions. The microspheres as drug carriers of doxorubicin (DOX) were assessed and were observed to have a good encapsulation efficiency, sustained drug release without a burst release and notable pH sensitivity. In addition, in vivo tumor inhibition examination demonstrated that DOX‑loaded CaCO3 microspheres formulation had more superior efficacy to significantly restrain tumor growth. These novel LE/CaCO3 hybrids may provide novel options for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, P.R. China
| | - Ran Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, P.R. China
| | - Zao Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, P.R. China
| | - Huashan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, P.R. China
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12
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Comparison of the organic matrix found in intestinal CaCO 3 precipitates produced by several marine teleost species. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2018; 221:15-23. [PMID: 29559254 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Marine bony fish poses the unique ability to hydrate from imbibed seawater. They accomplish this, in part, by the precipitation of inorganic carbonate mineral in their intestine, which lowers luminal osmotic pressure and allows for water uptake. It has recently been described that in the Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) this Ca(Mg)CO3 precipitation occurs under the regulation of an organic matrix. To date no investigations have aimed to determine if this phenomenon applies more generally to marine fish. Here, intestinally derived precipitates were collected from gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus), white grunt (Haemulon plumieri), European flounder (Platichthys flesus), as well as Gulf toadfish, and their matrices were extracted. The ability of these matrices to regulate CaCO3 production was determined using an in vitro calcification assay, which revealed that the matrix derived from each of the tested species increased precipitation at low concentrations, while inhibiting it at higher concentrations in full agreement with the earlier studies on toadfish. Matrix extracted from European flounder precipitates was then analyzed by mass spectrometry, leading to the identification of over 50 unique proteins. When the identities of these proteins were compared to previous investigation of toadfish precipitate matrix, nearly 35% were found to overlap between the flounder and toadfish analyses, suggesting conserved mechanisms of precipitation control. The effects of using different sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions during precipitate purification on the resulting organic matrix are also discussed.
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13
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Buljan Meić I, Kontrec J, Domazet Jurašin D, Selmani A, Njegić Džakula B, Maltar-Strmečki N, Lyons DM, Plodinec M, Čeh M, Gajović A, Sikirić MD, Kralj D. How similar are amorphous calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate? A comparative study of amorphous phase formation conditions. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01693j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Precipitation domains of ACP and ACP increase with the complexity of the system, the ACP one being always larger.
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14
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Ammonium-Carbamate-Rich Organogels for the Preparation of Amorphous Calcium Carbonates. MINERALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/min7070110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Amine-CO2 chemistry is important for a range of different chemical processes, including carbon dioxide capture. Here, we studied how aspects of this chemistry could be used to prepare calcium carbonates. Chemically crosslinked organogels were first prepared by reacting hyperbranched polyethylene imine (PEI) dissolved in DMSO with carbon dioxide. The crosslinks of the organogel consisted of ammonium-carbamate ion pairs as was shown by IR spectroscopy. These carbamate-rich organogels were subsequently subjected to aqueous solutions of calcium acetate, and amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) precipitated. The ACC did not crystalize during the mixing for up to 20 h, as was shown by a combination of IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermal analysis. Some PEI had been included or adsorbed on the ACC particles. Traces of calcite were observed in one sample that had been subjected to water in a work-up procedure.
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15
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Phase heterogeneity in carbonate production by marine fish influences their roles in sediment generation and the inorganic carbon cycle. Sci Rep 2017; 7:765. [PMID: 28396585 PMCID: PMC5429630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine teleost fish are important carbonate producers in neritic and oceanic settings. However, the fates of the diverse carbonate phases (i.e., mineral and amorphous forms of CaCO3) they produce, and their roles in sediment production and marine inorganic carbon cycling, remain poorly understood. Here we quantify the carbonate phases produced by 22 Bahamian fish species and integrate these data with regional fish biomass data from The Bahamas to generate a novel platform-scale production model that resolves these phases. Overall carbonate phase proportions, ordered by decreasing phase stability, are: ~20% calcite, ~6% aragonite, ~60% high-Mg calcite, and ~14% amorphous carbonate. We predict that these phases undergo differing fates, with at least ~14% (amorphous carbonate) likely dissolving rapidly. Results further indicate that fisheries exploitation in The Bahamas has potentially reduced fish carbonate production by up to 58% in certain habitats, whilst also driving a deviation from natural phase proportions. These findings have evident implications for understanding sedimentary processes in shallow warm-water carbonate provinces. We further speculate that marked phase heterogeneity may be a hitherto unrecognised feature of fish carbonates across a wide range of neritic and oceanic settings, with potentially major implications for understanding their role in global marine inorganic carbon cycling.
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16
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Heuer RM, Munley KM, Narsinghani N, Wingar JA, Mackey T, Grosell M. Changes to Intestinal Transport Physiology and Carbonate Production at Various CO2Levels in a Marine Teleost, the Gulf Toadfish (Opsanus beta). Physiol Biochem Zool 2016; 89:402-16. [DOI: 10.1086/688235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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17
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Tewes F, Gobbo OL, Ehrhardt C, Healy AM. Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Based-Microparticles for Peptide Pulmonary Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:1164-1175. [PMID: 26692360 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) is known to interact with proteins, for example, in biogenic ACC, to form stable amorphous phases. The control of amorphous/crystalline and inorganic/organic ratios in inhalable calcium carbonate microparticles may enable particle properties to be adapted to suit the requirements of dry powders for pulmonary delivery by oral inhalation. For example, an amorphous phase can immobilize and stabilize polypeptides in their native structure and amorphous and crystalline phases have different mechanical properties. Therefore, inhalable composite microparticles made of inorganic (i.e., calcium carbonate and calcium formate) and organic (i.e., hyaluronan (HA)) amorphous and crystalline phases were investigated for peptide and protein pulmonary aerosol delivery. The crystalline/amorphous ratio and polymorphic form of the inorganic component was altered by changing the microparticle drying rate and by changing the ammonium carbonate and HA initial concentration. The bioactivity of the model peptide, salmon calcitonin (sCT), coprocessed with alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), a model protein with peptidase inhibitor activity, was maintained during processing and the microparticles had excellent aerodynamic properties, making them suitable for pulmonary aerosol delivery. The bioavailability of sCT after aerosol delivery as sCT and AAT-loaded composite microparticles to rats was 4-times higher than that of sCT solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Tewes
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
- INSERM U 1070, Pôle Biologie-Santé, Université de Poitiers , Faculté de Médecine & Pharmacie, 1 Rue Georges Bonnet, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Oliviero L Gobbo
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Carsten Ehrhardt
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie Healy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
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18
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Das RK, Brar SK, Verma M. Application of calcium carbonate nanoparticles and microwave irradiation in submerged fermentation production and recovery of fumaric acid: a novel approach. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00316h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
First ever report on the applications of calcium carbonate nanoparticles and microwave irradiation in fumaric acid production and recovery, respectively.
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19
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Wu CY, Young D, Martel J, Young JD. A story told by a single nanoparticle in the body fluid: demonstration of dissolution-reprecipitation of nanocrystals in a biological system. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:2659-76. [PMID: 26014914 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Analysis of the chemical composition of mineral particles found in the body is critical to understand the formation and effects of these entities in vivo. Yet, the possibility that biological fluids may modulate particle composition over time has not been examined. Materials & methods: Mineralo-organic nanoparticles similar to the ones that spontaneously form in human tissues were analyzed using electron microscopy, spectroscopy and proteomic analyses. RESULTS We show that the mineralo-organic nanoparticles assimilate various ions and minerals during incubation in ionic solutions simulating body fluids. The particles undergo dissolution-reprecipitation reactions that affect the final protein composition of the particles. CONCLUSION The reactions occurring at the mineral-water interface therefore modulate the ionic and organic composition of mineral nanoparticles formed in biological fluids, producing changes that may alter the effects of mineral particles and stones in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yeu Wu
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular & Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.,Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - David Young
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jan Martel
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular & Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - John D Young
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular & Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.,Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Cellular Physiology & Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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20
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Müller WEG, Neufurth M, Huang J, Wang K, Feng Q, Schröder HC, Diehl-Seifert B, Muñoz-Espí R, Wang X. Nonenzymatic Transformation of Amorphous CaCO3into Calcium Phosphate Mineral after Exposure to Sodium Phosphate in Vitro: Implications for in Vivo Hydroxyapatite Bone Formation. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1323-32. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Liu L, Zhang X, Liu X, Liu J, Lu G, Kaplan DL, Zhu H, Lu Q. Biomineralization of stable and monodisperse vaterite microspheres using silk nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:1735-1745. [PMID: 25578091 DOI: 10.1021/am507309t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of silk fibroin (SF) on calcium carbonate (CaCO3) biomineralization has been investigated; however, the formation of small, uniform SF-regulated vaterite microspheres has not been reported. In this work, spherical CaCO3 was synthesized via coprecipitation in the presence of SF. SF nanostructures were first tuned by self-assembly at 60 °C to provide better control of the nucleation of CaCO3. Subsequently, monodisperse vaterite microspheres about 1.1 μm were generated by controlling aggregation and growth of CaCO3 under appropriate concentrations of SF and Ca ions. In contrast to unstable vaterite, the microspheres generated in the present study have sufficient stability in aqueous solution for at least 8 days without transformation into calcite, due to the electrostatic interactions between the Ca ions and the preassembled SF nanostructures. The microspheres as drug carriers of doxorubicin (DOX) were assessed and found to have good encapsulation efficiency, sustained drug release without burst release, and pH sensitivity. These new SF/CaCO3 hybrids may provide new options for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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Vasquez ES, Cunningham JL, McMahan JB, Simpson CL, Walters KB. Fetuin-A adsorption and stabilization of calcium carbonate nanoparticles in a simulated body fluid. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:6411-6419. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00565e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fetuin-A adsorbs onto and stabilizes CaCO3, as indicated by chemical and morphological changes. Complexed Fetuin-A/CaCO3 showed decreased size over time in a simulated body fluid indicating potential solubilization of CaCO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick S. Vasquez
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering
- Mississippi State
- USA
| | | | - Justin B. McMahan
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department
- Mississippi State
- USA
| | - C. LaShan Simpson
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department
- Mississippi State
- USA
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23
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Heuer RM, Grosell M. Physiological impacts of elevated carbon dioxide and ocean acidification on fish. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R1061-84. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00064.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Most fish studied to date efficiently compensate for a hypercapnic acid-base disturbance; however, many recent studies examining the effects of ocean acidification on fish have documented impacts at CO2 levels predicted to occur before the end of this century. Notable impacts on neurosensory and behavioral endpoints, otolith growth, mitochondrial function, and metabolic rate demonstrate an unexpected sensitivity to current-day and near-future CO2 levels. Most explanations for these effects seem to center on increases in Pco2 and HCO3− that occur in the body during pH compensation for acid-base balance; however, few studies have measured these parameters at environmentally relevant CO2 levels or directly related them to reported negative endpoints. This compensatory response is well documented, but noted variation in dynamic regulation of acid-base transport pathways across species, exposure levels, and exposure duration suggests that multiple strategies may be utilized to cope with hypercapnia. Understanding this regulation and changes in ion gradients in extracellular and intracellular compartments during CO2 exposure could provide a basis for predicting sensitivity and explaining interspecies variation. Based on analysis of the existing literature, the present review presents a clear message that ocean acidification may cause significant effects on fish across multiple physiological systems, suggesting that pH compensation does not necessarily confer tolerance as downstream consequences and tradeoffs occur. It remains difficult to assess if acclimation responses during abrupt CO2 exposures will translate to fitness impacts over longer timescales. Nonetheless, identifying mechanisms and processes that may be subject to selective pressure could be one of many important components of assessing adaptive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M. Heuer
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Marine Biology and Fisheries, Miami, Florida
| | - Martin Grosell
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Marine Biology and Fisheries, Miami, Florida
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Qi C, Huang JJ, Chen F, Wu J, Hao CN, Shi YQ, Duan JL, Zhu YJ. Synthesis, characterization and applications of calcium carbonate/fructose 1,6-bisphosphate composite nanospheres and carbonated hydroxyapatite porous nanospheres. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:8378-8389. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01342e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Qi C, Zhu YJ, Lu BQ, Zhao XY, Zhao J, Chen F, Wu J. ATP-stabilized amorphous calcium carbonate nanospheres and their application in protein adsorption. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:2047-2056. [PMID: 24578276 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201302984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate is a common substance found in rocks worldwide, and is the main biomineral formed in shells of marine organisms and snails, pearls and eggshells. Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) is the least stable polymorph of calcium carbonate, which is so unstable under normal conditions that it is difficult to be prepared in vitro because it rapidly crystallizes to form one of the more stable polymorphs in aqueous solution. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of highly stable ACC nanospheres in vitro using adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt (ATP) as a stabilizer. The effect of ATP on the stability of ACC nanospheres is investigated. Our experiments show that ATP plays an unique role in the stabilization of ACC nanospheres in aqueous solution. Moreover, the as-prepared ACC nanospheres are highly stable in phosphate buffered saline for a relatively long period of time (12 days) even under relatively high concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions. The cytotoxicity tests show that the as-prepared highly stable ACC nanospheres have excellent biocompatibility. The highly stable ACC nanospheres have high protein adsorption capacity, implying that they are promising for applications in biomedical fields such as drug delivery and protein adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
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Qi C, Zhu YJ, Chen F. Microwave hydrothermal transformation of amorphous calcium carbonate nanospheres and application in protein adsorption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:4310-4320. [PMID: 24568728 DOI: 10.1021/am4060645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate are the main components of biominerals. Among all of the forms of biominerals, amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) are the most important forms because they play a pivotal role in the process of biomineralization and are the precursors to the crystalline polymorphs. In this work, we first synthesized ACC in vitro using adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt (ATP) as the stabilizer and investigated the transformation of the ACC under microwave hydrothermal conditions, and ACC/ACP composite nanospheres and carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) nanospheres were successfully prepared. In this novel strategy, ATP has two main functions: it serves as the stabilizer for ACC and the phosphorus source for ACP and CHA. Most importantly, the morphology and the size of the ACC precursor can be well-preserved after microwave heating, so it provides a new method for the preparation of calcium phosphate nanostructured materials using phosphorus-containing biomolecule-stabilized ACC as the precursor. Furthermore, the as-prepared ACC/ACP composite nanospheres have excellent biocompatibility and high protein adsorption capacity, indicating that they are promising for applications in biomedical fields such as drug delivery and protein adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
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