1
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Borges KCM, Costa VAF, Neves B, Kipnis A, Junqueira-Kipnis AP. New antibacterial candidates against Acinetobacter baumannii discovered by in silico-driven chemogenomics repurposing. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307913. [PMID: 39325805 PMCID: PMC11426455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a worldwide Gram-negative bacterium with a high resistance rate, responsible for a broad spectrum of hospital-acquired infections. A computational chemogenomics framework was applied to investigate the repurposing of approved drugs to target A. baumannii. This comprehensive approach involved compiling and preparing proteomic data, identifying homologous proteins in drug-target databases, evaluating the evolutionary conservation of targets, and conducting molecular docking studies and in vitro assays. Seven drugs were selected for experimental assays. Among them, tavaborole exhibited the most promising antimicrobial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 2 μg/ml, potent activity against several clinically relevant strains, and robust efficacy against biofilms from multidrug-resistant strains at a concentration of 16 μg/ml. Molecular docking studies elucidated the binding modes of tavaborole in the editing and active domains of leucyl-tRNA synthetase, providing insights into its structural basis for antimicrobial activity. Tavaborole shows promise as an antimicrobial agent for combating A. baumannii infections and warrants further investigation in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen Christina Malheiros Borges
- Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Academic Areas, Federal Institute of Goiás, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Neves
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - André Kipnis
- Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Junqueira-Kipnis
- Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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2
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Hoffmann G, Lukarska M, Clare RH, Masters EK, Johnston KL, Ford L, Turner JD, Ward SA, Taylor MJ, Jensen MR, Palencia A. Targeting a microbiota Wolbachian aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase to block its pathogenic host. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado1453. [PMID: 38985862 PMCID: PMC11235159 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between humans and their microbiome is crucial for various physiological processes, including nutrient absorption, immune defense, and maintaining homeostasis. Microbiome alterations can directly contribute to diseases or heighten their likelihood. This relationship extends beyond humans; microbiota play vital roles in other organisms, including eukaryotic pathogens causing severe diseases. Notably, Wolbachia, a bacterial microbiota, is essential for parasitic worms responsible for lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, devastating human illnesses. Given the lack of rapid cures for these infections and the limitations of current treatments, new drugs are imperative. Here, we disrupt Wolbachia's symbiosis with pathogens using boron-based compounds targeting an unprecedented Wolbachia enzyme, leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS), effectively inhibiting its growth. Through a compound demonstrating anti-Wolbachia efficacy in infected cells, we use biophysical experiments and x-ray crystallography to elucidate the mechanism behind Wolbachia LeuRS inhibition. We reveal that these compounds form adenosine-based adducts inhibiting protein synthesis. Overall, our study underscores the potential of disrupting key microbiota to control infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Hoffmann
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Structural Biology of Novel Drug Targets in Human Diseases, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Maria Lukarska
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Structural Biology of Novel Drug Targets in Human Diseases, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Rachel H. Clare
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Ellen K.G. Masters
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Kelly L. Johnston
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Louise Ford
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Joseph D. Turner
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Steve A. Ward
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Mark J. Taylor
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | | | - Andrés Palencia
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Structural Biology of Novel Drug Targets in Human Diseases, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France
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3
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Nowicki K, Krajewska J, Stępniewski TM, Wielechowska M, Wińska P, Kaczmarczyk A, Korpowska J, Selent J, Marek-Urban PH, Durka K, Woźniak K, Laudy AE, Luliński S. Exploiting thiol-functionalized benzosiloxaboroles for achieving diverse substitution patterns - synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of promising antibacterial agents. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1751-1772. [PMID: 38784477 PMCID: PMC11110727 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00061g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Benzosiloxaboroles are an emerging class of medicinal agents possessing promising antimicrobial activity. Herein, the expedient synthesis of two novel thiol-functionalized benzosiloxaboroles 1e and 2e is reported. The presence of the SH group allowed for diverse structural modifications involving the thiol-Michael addition, oxidation, as well as nucleophilic substitution giving rise to a series of 27 new benzosiloxaboroles containing various polar functional groups, e.g., carbonyl, ester, amide, imide, nitrile, sulfonyl and sulfonamide, and pendant heterocyclic rings. The activity of the obtained compounds against selected bacterial and yeast strains, including multidrug-resistant clinical strains, was investigated. Compounds 6, 12, 20 and 22-24 show high activity against Staphylococcus aureus, including both methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains, with MIC values in the range of 1.56-12.5 μg mL-1, while their cytotoxicity is relatively low. The in vitro assay performed with 2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethylthio derivative 20 revealed that, in contrast to the majority of known antibacterial oxaboroles, the plausible mechanism of antibacterial action, involving inhibition of the leucyl-tRNA synthetase enzyme, is not responsible for the antibacterial activity. Structural bioinformatic analysis involving molecular dynamics simulations provided a possible explanation for this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Nowicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Joanna Krajewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Bioanalysis, Medical University of Warsaw Banacha 1b 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Tomasz M Stępniewski
- GPCR Drug Discovery Lab, Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM) - Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) Carrer del Dr. Aiguader, 88 08003 Barcelona Spain
| | - Monika Wielechowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Patrycja Wińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anna Kaczmarczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Julia Korpowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Jana Selent
- GPCR Drug Discovery Lab, Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM) - Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) Carrer del Dr. Aiguader, 88 08003 Barcelona Spain
| | - Paulina H Marek-Urban
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Krzysztof Durka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 00-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Agnieszka E Laudy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Bioanalysis, Medical University of Warsaw Banacha 1b 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Sergiusz Luliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
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Grams RJ, Santos WL, Scorei IR, Abad-García A, Rosenblum CA, Bita A, Cerecetto H, Viñas C, Soriano-Ursúa MA. The Rise of Boron-Containing Compounds: Advancements in Synthesis, Medicinal Chemistry, and Emerging Pharmacology. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2441-2511. [PMID: 38382032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Boron-containing compounds (BCC) have emerged as important pharmacophores. To date, five BCC drugs (including boronic acids and boroles) have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of cancer, infections, and atopic dermatitis, while some natural BCC are included in dietary supplements. Boron's Lewis acidity facilitates a mechanism of action via formation of reversible covalent bonds within the active site of target proteins. Boron has also been employed in the development of fluorophores, such as BODIPY for imaging, and in carboranes that are potential neutron capture therapy agents as well as novel agents in diagnostics and therapy. The utility of natural and synthetic BCC has become multifaceted, and the breadth of their applications continues to expand. This review covers the many uses and targets of boron in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Justin Grams
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | | | - Antonio Abad-García
- Academia de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carol Ann Rosenblum
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Andrei Bita
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Mataojo 2055, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Academia de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
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5
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Maeda T, Furusawa C. Laboratory Evolution of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria to Develop Rational Treatment Strategies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:94. [PMID: 38247653 PMCID: PMC10812413 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Laboratory evolution studies, particularly with Escherichia coli, have yielded invaluable insights into the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Recent investigations have illuminated that, with repetitive antibiotic exposures, bacterial populations will adapt and eventually become tolerant and resistant to the drugs. Through intensive analyses, these inquiries have unveiled instances of convergent evolution across diverse antibiotics, the pleiotropic effects of resistance mutations, and the role played by loss-of-function mutations in the evolutionary landscape. Moreover, a quantitative analysis of multidrug combinations has shed light on collateral sensitivity, revealing specific drug combinations capable of suppressing the acquisition of resistance. This review article introduces the methodologies employed in the laboratory evolution of AMR in bacteria and presents recent discoveries concerning AMR mechanisms derived from laboratory evolution. Additionally, the review outlines the application of laboratory evolution in endeavors to formulate rational treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Maeda
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita 565-0874, Japan;
| | - Chikara Furusawa
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita 565-0874, Japan;
- Universal Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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6
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Krajewska J, Chyży P, Durka K, Wińska P, Krzyśko KA, Luliński S, Laudy AE. Aromatic Diboronic Acids as Effective KPC/AmpC Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:7362. [PMID: 37959781 PMCID: PMC10648349 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 30 compounds, including para-, meta-, and ortho-phenylenediboronic acids, ortho-substituted phenylboronic acids, benzenetriboronic acids, di- and triboronated thiophenes, and pyridine derivatives were investigated as potential β-lactamase inhibitors. The highest activity against KPC-type carbapenemases was found for ortho-phenylenediboronic acid 3a, which at the concentration of 8/4 mg/L reduced carbapenems' MICs up to 16/8-fold, respectively. Checkerboard assays revealed strong synergy between carbapenems and 3a with the fractional inhibitory concentrations indices of 0.1-0.32. The nitrocefin hydrolysis test and the whole cell assay with E. coli DH5α transformant carrying blaKPC-3 proved KPC enzyme being its molecular target. para-Phenylenediboronic acids efficiently potentiated carbapenems against KPC-producers and ceftazidime against AmpC-producers, whereas meta-phenylenediboronic acids enhanced only ceftazidime activity against the latter ones. Finally, the statistical analysis confirmed that ortho-phenylenediboronic acids act synergistically with carbapenems significantly stronger than other groups. Since the obtained phenylenediboronic compounds are not toxic to MRC-5 human fibroblasts at the tested concentrations, they can be considered promising scaffolds for the future development of novel KPC/AmpC inhibitors. The complexation of KPC-2 with the most representative isomeric phenylenediboronic acids 1a, 2a, and 3a was modeled by quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations. Compound 3a reached the most effective configuration enabling covalent binding to the catalytic Ser70 residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Krajewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Bioanalysis, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Chyży
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Durka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.); (P.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Patrycja Wińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.); (P.W.); (S.L.)
| | | | - Sergiusz Luliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.); (P.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Agnieszka E. Laudy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Bioanalysis, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
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7
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Nguyen TQ, Heo BE, Hanh BTB, Jeon S, Park Y, Choudhary A, Lee S, Kim TH, Moon C, Min SJ, Jang J. DS86760016, a Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase Inhibitor, Is Active against Mycobacterium abscessus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0156722. [PMID: 37212672 PMCID: PMC10269085 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01567-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzoxaboroles are a new class of leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors. Epetraborole, a benzoxaborole, is a clinical candidate developed for Gram-negative infections and has been confirmed to exhibit favorable activity against a well known pulmonary pathogen, Mycobacterium abscessus. However, according to ClinicalTrials.gov, in 2017, a clinical phase II study on the use of epetraborole to treat complicated urinary tract and intra-abdominal infections was terminated due to the rapid emergence of drug resistance during treatment. Nevertheless, epetraborole is in clinical development for nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease especially for Mycobacterium avium complex-related pulmonary disease (MAC-PD). DS86760016, an epetraborole analog, was further demonstrated to have an improved pharmacokinetic profile, lower plasma clearance, longer plasma half-life, and higher renal excretion than epetraborole in animal models. In this study, DS86760016 was found to be similarly active against M. abscessus in vitro, intracellularly, and in zebrafish infection models with a low mutation frequency. These results expand the diversity of druggable compounds as new benzoxaborole-based candidates for treating M. abscessus diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Quang Nguyen
- Division of Life Science, Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Four Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Eun Heo
- Division of Life Science, Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Four Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bui Thi Bich Hanh
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyeon Jeon
- Division of Life Science, Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Four Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- Division of Life Science, Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Four Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Arunima Choudhary
- Division of Life Science, Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Four Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ho Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Moon
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, Jecheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Joon Min
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jichan Jang
- Division of Life Science, Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Four Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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8
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Fairlamb AH, Wyllie S. The critical role of mode of action studies in kinetoplastid drug discovery. FRONTIERS IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2023; 3:fddsv.2023.1185679. [PMID: 37600222 PMCID: PMC7614965 DOI: 10.3389/fddsv.2023.1185679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the target and mode of action of compounds identified by phenotypic screening can greatly facilitate the process of drug discovery and development. Here, we outline the tools currently available for target identification against the neglected tropical diseases, human African trypanosomiasis, visceral leishmaniasis and Chagas' disease. We provide examples how these tools can be used to identify and triage undesirable mechanisms, to identify potential toxic liabilities in patients and to manage a balanced portfolio of target-based campaigns. We review the primary targets of drugs that are currently in clinical development that were initially identified via phenotypic screening, and whose modes of action affect protein turnover, RNA trans-splicing or signalling in these protozoan parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan H. Fairlamb
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Wyllie
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Huang DC, He Z, Guo D, Deng F, Bian Q, Zhang H, Ali AS, Zhang MZ, Zhang WH, Gu YC. Discovery of Novel Benzoxaborole-Containing Streptochlorin Derivatives as Potential Antifungal Agents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6226-6235. [PMID: 37053087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Streptochlorin is a kind of indole alkaloid derived from marine microorganisms. It is a promising lead compound due to its potent bioactivity in preventing many phytopathogens, as shown in our previous study. To explore the potential applications of this natural product, a series of novel benzoxaborole-containing streptochlorin derivatives were designed and synthesized through a one-step and catalyst-free reaction in water at room temperature. All target compounds were first screened for their antifungal profiles in vitro against six common phytopathogenic fungi. The results of bioassay revealed that most of the designed compounds exhibited more significant antifungal activities against Botrytis cinrea, Gibberella zeae, Rhizoctorzia solani, Colletotrichum lagenarium, and alternaria leaf spot under the concentration of 50 μg/mL, and this is highlighted by compounds 4i and 5f, which demonstrated impressive antifungal effects against G. zeae and R. solani, with their corresponding EC50 values 0.2983 and 0.2657 μg/mL, which are obviously better than positive control flutriafol and boscalid (5.2606 and 1.2048 μg/mL, respectively). Scanning electron microscopy on the hyphae morphology showed that compound 5b might cause mycelial abnormalities of G. zeae. 3D-QSAR studies of CoMFA and CoMSIA were carried out on 29 target compounds with antifungal activity against B. cinrea. The analysis results indicated that introducing appropriate electronegative groups at the 5-position of benzoxaborole and the 4,5-positions of the indole ring could effectively improve the anti-B. cinrea activity. Moreover, compound 5b showed good antifungal activities in vivo against Phytophthora capsici. Molecular docking was further explored to ascertain the practical value of the active compound as a potential inhibitor of LeuRS. The abovementioned results indicate that the designed benzoxaborole-containing streptochlorin derivatives could be further studied as template molecules of novel antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Chuan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhuo He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dale Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fang Deng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qiang Bian
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Abdallah S Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei-Hua Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K
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10
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Melfi F, Carradori S, Campestre C, Haloci E, Ammazzalorso A, Grande R, D'Agostino I. Emerging compounds and therapeutic strategies to treat infections from Trypanosoma brucei: an overhaul of the last 5-years patents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:247-263. [PMID: 36933190 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2193328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human African Trypanosomiasis is a neglected disease caused by infection from parasites belonging to the Trypanosoma brucei species. Only six drugs are currently available and employed depending on the stage of the infection: pentamidine, suramin, melarsoprol, eflornithine, nifurtimox, and fexinidazole. Joint research projects were launched in an attempt to find new therapeutic options for this severe and often lethal disease. AREAS COVERED After a brief description of the recent literature on the parasite and the disease, we searched for patents dealing with the proposal of new anti-trypanosomiasis agents and, following the PRISMA guidelines, we filtered the results to those published from 2018onwards returning suitable entries, which represent the contemporary landscape of compounds/strategies against Trypanosoma brucei. In addition, some relevant publications from the overall scientific literature were also discussed. EXPERT OPINION This review comprehensively covers and analyzes the most recent advances not only in the discovery of new inhibitors and their structure-activity relationships but also in the assessment of innovative biological targets opening new scenarios in the MedChem field. Lastly, also new vaccines and formulations recently patented were described. However, natural and synthetic compounds were analyzed in terms of inhibitory activity and selective toxicity against human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Melfi
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Campestre
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Entela Haloci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - Rossella Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Agostino
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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11
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Design, Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of New N-(1-Hydroxy-1,3-dihydrobenzo[ c][1,2]oxaborol-6-yl)(hetero)aryl-2-carboxamides as Potential Inhibitors of Mycobacterial Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032951. [PMID: 36769275 PMCID: PMC9917560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a serious killer among infectious diseases due to its incidence, mortality, and occurrence of resistant mycobacterial strains. The challenge to discover new antimycobacterial agents forced us to prepare a series of N-(1-hydroxy-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-6-yl)(hetero)aryl-2-carboxamides 1-19 via the acylation of 6-aminobenzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-1(3H)-ol with various activated (hetero)arylcarboxylic acids. These novel compounds have been tested in vitro against a panel of clinically important fungi and bacteria, including mycobacteria. Some of the compounds inhibited the growth of mycobacteria in the range of micromolar concentrations and retained this activity also against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. Half the maximal inhibitory concentrations against the HepG2 cell line indicated an acceptable toxicological profile. No growth inhibition of other bacteria and fungi demonstrated selectivity of the compounds against mycobacteria. The structure-activity relationships have been derived and supported with a molecular docking study, which confirmed a selectivity toward the potential target leucyl-tRNA synthetase without an impact on the human enzyme. The presented compounds can become important materials in antimycobacterial research.
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12
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Hoffmann G, Le Gorrec M, Mestdach E, Cusack S, Salmon L, Jensen MR, Palencia A. Adenosine-Dependent Activation Mechanism of Prodrugs Targeting an Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:800-810. [PMID: 36599057 PMCID: PMC9853866 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Prodrugs have little or no pharmacological activity and are converted to active drugs in the body by enzymes, metabolic reactions, or through human-controlled actions. However, prodrugs promoting their chemical bioconversion without any of these processes have not been reported before. Here, we present an enzyme-independent prodrug activation mechanism by boron-based compounds (benzoxaboroles) targeting leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS), including an antibiotic that recently has completed phase II clinical trials to cure tuberculosis. We combine nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography with isothermal titration calorimetry to show that these benzoxaboroles do not bind directly to their drug target LeuRS, instead they are prodrugs that activate their bioconversion by forming a highly specific and reversible LeuRS inhibition adduct with ATP, AMP, or the terminal adenosine of the tRNALeu. We demonstrate how the oxaborole group of the prodrugs cyclizes with the adenosine ribose at physiological concentrations to form the active molecule. This bioconversion mechanism explains the remarkably good druglike properties of benzoxaboroles showing efficacy against radically different human pathogens and fully explains the mechanism of action of these compounds. Thus, this adenosine-dependent activation mechanism represents a novel concept in prodrug chemistry that can be applied to improve the solubility, permeability and metabolic stability of challenging drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Hoffmann
- Institute
for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Structural Biology of Novel Targets
in Human Diseases, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble
Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Madalen Le Gorrec
- Institute
for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Structural Biology of Novel Targets
in Human Diseases, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble
Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Emeline Mestdach
- Centre
de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très
Hauts Champs, (CRMN), UMR 5082, CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCBL, Université
de Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stephen Cusack
- European
Molecular Biology Laboratory, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Loïc Salmon
- Centre
de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très
Hauts Champs, (CRMN), UMR 5082, CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCBL, Université
de Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Andrés Palencia
- Institute
for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Structural Biology of Novel Targets
in Human Diseases, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble
Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France,
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13
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Kushwaha V, Capalash N. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (AARS) as an attractive drug target in neglected tropical trypanosomatid diseases-Leishmaniasis, Human African Trypanosomiasis and Chagas disease. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2022; 251:111510. [PMID: 35988745 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2022.111510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
TriTryp diseases (Leishmaniasis, Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), and Chagas disease) are devastating parasitic neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that affect billions of people in developing countries, cause high mortality in humans, and impose a large socio-economic burden. The current treatment options against tritryp diseases are suboptimal and challenging due to the emergence of resistance against available tritryp drugs. Hence, designing and developing effective anti-tritryp drugs with novel targets are required. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) involved in specific aminoacylation of transfer RNAs (tRNAs), interrupt protein synthesis through inhibitors, and retard the parasite growth. AaRSs have long been studied as therapeutic targets in bacteria, and three aaRS inhibitors, mupirocin (against IleRS), tavaborole AN2690 (against LeuRS), and halofuginone (against ProRS), are already in clinical practice. The structural differences between tritryp and human aaRSs and the presence of unique sequences (N-terminal domain/C-terminal domain/catalytic domain) make them potential target for developing selective inhibitors. Drugs based on a single aaRS target developed by high-throughput screening (HTS) are less effective due to the emergence of resistance. However, designing multi-targeted drugs may be a better strategy for resistance development. In this perspective, we discuss the characteristics of tritryp aaRSs, sequence conservation in their orthologs and their peculiarities, recent advancements towards the single-target and multi-target aaRS inhibitors developed through rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kushwaha
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector-25, South Campus, Chandigarh 160025, India.
| | - Neena Capalash
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector-25, South Campus, Chandigarh 160025, India.
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14
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Krajewska J, Nowicki K, Durka K, Marek-Urban PH, Wińska P, Stępniewski T, Woźniak K, Laudy AE, Luliński S. Oxazoline scaffold in synthesis of benzosiloxaboroles and related ring-expanded heterocycles: diverse reactivity, structural peculiarities and antimicrobial activity. RSC Adv 2022; 12:23099-23117. [PMID: 36090419 PMCID: PMC9379557 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03910a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two isomeric benzosiloxaborole derivatives 3a and 5a bearing fluorine and 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl substituents attached to the aromatic rings were obtained. Both compounds were prone to hydrolytic cleavage of the oxazoline ring after initial protonation or methylation of the nitrogen atom. The derivative 3c featuring N-methylammoniumalkyl ester functionality was successfully subjected to N-sulfonylation and N-acylation reactions to give respective derivatives which demonstrates its potential for modular synthesis of structurally extended benzosiloxaboroles. Compound 5c bearing N-ammoniumalkyl ester underwent conversion to a unique macrocyclic dimer due to siloxaborole ring opening. Furthermore, an unexpected 4-electron reduction of the oxazoline ring occurred during an attempted synthesis of 5a. The reaction gave rise to an unprecedented 7-membered heterocyclic system 4a comprising a relatively stable B-O-B-O-Si linkage and stabilized by an intramolecular N-B coordination. It could be cleaved to derivative 4c bearing BOH and SiMe2OH groups which acts as a pseudo-diol as demonstrated by formation of an adduct with Tavaborole. Apart from the multinuclear NMR spectroscopy characterization, crystal structures of the obtained products were determined in many cases by X-ray diffraction. Investigation of biological activity of the obtained compounds revealed that derivatives 3e and 3f with pendant N-methyl arylsulfonamide groups exhibit high activity against Gram-positive cocci such as methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300 as well as the MRSA clinical strains, with MIC values in the range of 3.12-6.25 mg L-1. These two compounds also showed activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and Enterococcus faecium ATCC 6057 (with MICs of 25-50 mg L-1). The results of the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity studies indicate that 3e and 3f can be considered as potential antibacterial agents, especially against S. aureus MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Krajewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw Banacha 1 b 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Krzysztof Nowicki
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Krzysztof Durka
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Paulina H Marek-Urban
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Patrycja Wińska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Tomasz Stępniewski
- GPCR Drug Discovery Lab, Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM) - Department of Experimental and Health Sciences of Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) Carrer del Dr Aiguader, 88 08003 Barcelona Spain
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Agnieszka E Laudy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw Banacha 1 b 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Sergiusz Luliński
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
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15
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Das BC, Adil Shareef M, Das S, Nandwana NK, Das Y, Saito M, Weiss LM. Boron-Containing heterocycles as promising pharmacological agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 63:116748. [PMID: 35453036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of the "magic" boron atom has been established as an important new strategy in the field of medicinal chemistry as boron compounds have been shown to form various bonds with their biological targets. Currently, a number of boron-based drugs (e.g. bortezomib, crisaborole, and tavaborole) have been FDA approved and are in the clinic, and several other boron-containing compounds are in clinical trials. Boron-based heterocycles have an incredible potential in the ongoing quest for new therapeutic agents owing to their plethora of biological activities and useful pharmacokinetic profiles. The present perspective is intended to review the pharmacological applications of boron-based heterocycles that have been published. We have classified these compounds into groups exhibiting shared pharmacological activities and discussed their corresponding biological targets focusing mainly on the most potent therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar C Das
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Medicine and Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Mohammed Adil Shareef
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sasmita Das
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Nitesh K Nandwana
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Yogarupa Das
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Mariko Saito
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Louis M Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Department of Pathology Division of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY-10461, USA
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16
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Das BC, Nandwana NK, Das S, Nandwana V, Shareef MA, Das Y, Saito M, Weiss LM, Almaguel F, Hosmane NS, Evans T. Boron Chemicals in Drug Discovery and Development: Synthesis and Medicinal Perspective. Molecules 2022; 27:2615. [PMID: 35565972 PMCID: PMC9104566 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A standard goal of medicinal chemists has been to discover efficient and potent drug candidates with specific enzyme-inhibitor abilities. In this regard, boron-based bioactive compounds have provided amphiphilic properties to facilitate interaction with protein targets. Indeed, the spectrum of boron-based entities as drug candidates against many diseases has grown tremendously since the first clinically tested boron-based drug, Velcade. In this review, we collectively represent the current boron-containing drug candidates, boron-containing retinoids, benzoxaboroles, aminoboronic acid, carboranes, and BODIPY, for the treatment of different human diseases.In addition, we also describe the synthesis, key structure-activity relationship, and associated biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antituberculosis, antitumor, antiparasitic, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, antifolate, antidepressant, antiallergic, anesthetic, and anti-Alzheimer's agents, as well as proteasome and lipogenic inhibitors. This compilation could be very useful in the exploration of novel boron-derived compounds against different diseases, with promising efficacy and lesser side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar C. Das
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (N.K.N.); (S.D.); (V.N.); (M.A.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Nitesh K. Nandwana
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (N.K.N.); (S.D.); (V.N.); (M.A.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sasmita Das
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (N.K.N.); (S.D.); (V.N.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Varsha Nandwana
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (N.K.N.); (S.D.); (V.N.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Mohammed Adil Shareef
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (N.K.N.); (S.D.); (V.N.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Yogarupa Das
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; (Y.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Mariko Saito
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; (Y.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Louis M. Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Division of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Frankis Almaguel
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Narayan S. Hosmane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA;
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA;
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17
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Dhawan B, Akhter G, Hamid H, Kesharwani P, Alam MS. Benzoxaboroles: New emerging and versatile scaffold with a plethora of pharmacological activities. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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Van den Kerkhof M, Leprohon P, Mabille D, Hendrickx S, Tulloch LB, Wall RJ, Wyllie S, Chatelain E, Mowbray CE, Braillard S, Ouellette M, Maes L, Caljon G. Identification of Resistance Determinants for a Promising Antileishmanial Oxaborole Series. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071408. [PMID: 34210040 PMCID: PMC8305145 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment options for visceral leishmaniasis have several drawbacks, and clinicians are confronted with an increasing number of treatment failures. To overcome this, the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) has invested in the development of novel antileishmanial leads, including a very promising class of oxaboroles. The mode of action/resistance of this series to Leishmania is still unknown and may be important for its further development and implementation. Repeated in vivo drug exposure and an in vitro selection procedure on both extracellular promastigote and intracellular amastigote stages were both unable to select for resistance. The use of specific inhibitors for ABC-transporters could not demonstrate the putative involvement of efflux pumps. Selection experiments and inhibitor studies, therefore, suggest that resistance to oxaboroles may not emerge readily in the field. The selection of a genome-wide cosmid library coupled to next-generation sequencing (Cos-seq) was used to identify resistance determinants and putative targets. This resulted in the identification of a highly enriched cosmid, harboring genes of chromosome 2 that confer a subtly increased resistance to the oxaboroles tested. Moderately enriched cosmids encompassing a region of chromosome 34 contained the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (cpsf) gene, encoding the molecular target of several related benzoxaboroles in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Van den Kerkhof
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.V.d.K.); (D.M.); (S.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Philippe Leprohon
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (P.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Dorien Mabille
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.V.d.K.); (D.M.); (S.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Sarah Hendrickx
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.V.d.K.); (D.M.); (S.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Lindsay B. Tulloch
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK; (L.B.T.); (R.J.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Richard J. Wall
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK; (L.B.T.); (R.J.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Susan Wyllie
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK; (L.B.T.); (R.J.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (E.C.); (C.E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Charles E. Mowbray
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (E.C.); (C.E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Stéphanie Braillard
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (E.C.); (C.E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Marc Ouellette
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (P.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.V.d.K.); (D.M.); (S.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.V.d.K.); (D.M.); (S.H.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-32652610
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19
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Molecular targets for antifungals in amino acid and protein biosynthetic pathways. Amino Acids 2021; 53:961-991. [PMID: 34081205 PMCID: PMC8241756 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fungi cause death of over 1.5 million people every year, while cutaneous mycoses are among the most common infections in the world. Mycoses vary greatly in severity, there are long-term skin (ringworm), nail or hair infections (tinea capitis), recurrent like vaginal candidiasis or severe, life-threatening systemic, multiorgan infections. In the last few years, increasing importance is attached to the health and economic problems caused by fungal pathogens. There is a growing need for improvement of the availability of antifungal drugs, decreasing their prices and reducing side effects. Searching for novel approaches in this respect, amino acid and protein biosynthesis pathways appear to be competitive. The route that leads from amino acid biosynthesis to protein folding and its activation is rich in enzymes that are descriptive of fungi. Blocking the action of those enzymes often leads to avirulence or growth inhibition. In this review, we want to trace the principal processes of fungi vitality. We present the data of genes encoding enzymes involved in amino acid and protein biosynthesis, potential molecular targets in antifungal chemotherapy, and describe the impact of inhibitors on fungal organisms.
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20
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Coghi PS, Zhu Y, Xie H, Hosmane NS, Zhang Y. Organoboron Compounds: Effective Antibacterial and Antiparasitic Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:3309. [PMID: 34072937 PMCID: PMC8199504 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique electron deficiency and coordination property of boron led to a wide range of applications in chemistry, energy research, materials science and the life sciences. The use of boron-containing compounds as pharmaceutical agents has a long history, and recent developments have produced encouraging strides. Boron agents have been used for both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In radiotherapy, boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been investigated to treat various types of tumors, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) of brain, head and neck tumors, etc. Boron agents playing essential roles in such treatments and other well-established areas have been discussed elsewhere. Organoboron compounds used to treat various diseases besides tumor treatments through BNCT technology have also marked an important milestone. Following the clinical introduction of bortezomib as an anti-cancer agent, benzoxaborole drugs, tavaborole and crisaborole, have been approved for clinical use in the treatments of onychomycosis and atopic dermatitis. Some heterocyclic organoboron compounds represent potentially promising candidates for anti-infective drugs. This review highlights the clinical applications and perspectives of organoboron compounds with the natural boron atoms in disease treatments without neutron irradiation. The main topic focuses on the therapeutic applications of organoboron compounds in the diseases of tuberculosis and antifungal activity, malaria, neglected tropical diseases and cryptosporidiosis and toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Saul Coghi
- School of Pharmacy Macau, University of Science and Technology, Taipa Macau 999078, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa Macau 999078, China
| | - Yinghuai Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (NO. 2015DQ780357), Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China;
| | - Hongming Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (NO. 2015DQ780357), Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China;
| | - Narayan S. Hosmane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (NO. 2015DQ780357), Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China;
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21
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Tevyashova AN, Chudinov MV. Progress in the medicinal chemistry of organoboron compounds. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The review aims to draw attention to the latest advances in the organoboron chemistry and therapeutic use of organoboron compounds. The synthetic strategies towards boron-containing compounds with proven in vitro and/or in vivo biological activities, including derivatives of boronic acids, benzoxaboroles, benzoxaborines and benzodiazaborines, are summarized. Approaches to the synthesis of hybrid structures containing an organoboron moiety as one of the pharmacophores are considered, and the effect of this modification on the pharmacological activity of the initial molecules is analyzed. On the basis of analysis of the published data, the most promising areas of research in the field of organoboron compounds are identified, including the latest methods of synthesis, modification and design of effective therapeutic agents.
The bibliography includes 246 references.
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22
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In Vitro Resistance and Evolution of Resistance to Tavaborole in Trichophyton rubrum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:AAC.02324-20. [PMID: 33468466 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02324-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tavaborole is currently used in the topical treatment of onychomycosis. In this study, we analyzed the in vitro emergence/evolution of resistance against tavaborole in Trichophyton rubrum When T. rubrum strains were propagated on media containing the MIC of tavaborole, spontaneous resistant mutants were isolated at a frequency of 10-8 The frequency was almost 100-fold higher following fungal growth in the presence of a subinhibitory tavaborole concentration (0.5-fold the MIC) for 10 transfers. All collected mutants showed similar 4- to 8-fold increases in the drug MIC. No cross-resistance to other antifungals was evident.
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Hao G, Li H, Yang F, Dong D, Li Z, Ding Y, Pan W, Wang E, Liu R, Zhou H. Discovery of benzhydrol-oxaborole derivatives as Streptococcus pneumoniae leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 29:115871. [PMID: 33221064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonia caused by bacterium S. pneumoniae is a severe acute respiratory infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality, especially for children and immunity-compromised patients. The emergence of multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae also presents a challenge to human health. Leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) catalyzes the attachment of l-leucine to tRNALeu, which plays an essential role in protein translation and is considered an attractive antimicrobial drug target. In the present work, benzhydrol-oxaborole hybrid compounds were designed and synthesized as inhibitors of S. pneumoniae LeuRS. Exploration of the phenyl ring near Lysine 389 eventually yielded compounds 46 and 54 with submicromolar inhibitory potency. The co-crystal of compound 54 in the editing domain pocket of SpLeuRS was obtained and confirmed the formation of an additional hydrogen bond between the carbonyl of 54 and Lysine 389. It also showed anti-pneumococcal activity in vitro. The structure-activity relationship was discussed. This work will provide an essential foundation for the further development of anti-pneumococcal agents by targeting LeuRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Duoling Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zezhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Ding
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Enduo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rujuan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) have been considered very attractive drug-targets for decades. This interest probably emerged with the identification of differences in AARSs between prokaryotic and eukaryotic species, which provided a rationale for the development of antimicrobials targeting bacterial AARSs with minimal effect on the homologous human AARSs. Today we know that AARSs are not only attractive, but also valid drug targets as they are housekeeping proteins that: (i) play a fundamental role in protein translation by charging the corresponding amino acid to its cognate tRNA and preventing mistranslation mistakes [1], a critical process during fast growing conditions of microbes; and (ii) present significant differences between microbes and humans that can be used for drug development [2]. Together with the vast amount of available data on both pathogenic and mammalian AARSs, it is expected that, in the future, the numerous reported inhibitors of AARSs will provide the basis to develop new therapeutics for the treatment of human diseases. In this chapter, a detailed summary on the state-of-the-art in drug discovery and drug development for each aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lukarska
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Structural Biology of Novel Drug Targets in Human Diseases, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Andrés Palencia
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Structural Biology of Novel Drug Targets in Human Diseases, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
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Liu RJ, Long T, Li H, Zhao J, Li J, Wang M, Palencia A, Lin J, Cusack S, Wang ED. Molecular basis of the multifaceted functions of human leucyl-tRNA synthetase in protein synthesis and beyond. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:4946-4959. [PMID: 32232361 PMCID: PMC7229842 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytosolic leucyl-tRNA synthetase (hcLRS) is an essential and multifunctional enzyme. Its canonical function is to catalyze the covalent ligation of leucine to tRNALeu, and it may also hydrolyze mischarged tRNAs through an editing mechanism. Together with eight other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AaRSs) and three auxiliary proteins, it forms a large multi-synthetase complex (MSC). Beyond its role in translation, hcLRS has an important moonlight function as a leucine sensor in the rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. Since this pathway is active in cancer development, hcLRS is a potential target for anti-tumor drug development. Moreover, LRS from pathogenic microbes are proven drug targets for developing antibiotics, which however should not inhibit hcLRS. Here we present the crystal structure of hcLRS at a 2.5 Å resolution, the first complete structure of a eukaryotic LRS, and analyze the binding of various compounds that target different sites of hcLRS. We also deduce the assembly mechanism of hcLRS into the MSC through reconstitution of the entire mega complex in vitro. Overall, our study provides the molecular basis for understanding both the multifaceted functions of hcLRS and for drug development targeting these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Juan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China
| | - Tao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - JingHua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China
| | - MingZhu Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P.R. China
| | - Andrés Palencia
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Structural Biology of Novel Drug Targets in Human Diseases, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - JinZhong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Stephen Cusack
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - En-Duo Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
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Melnikov SV, Stevens DL, Fu X, Kwok HS, Zhang JT, Shen Y, Sabina J, Lee K, Lee H, Söll D. Exploiting evolutionary trade-offs for posttreatment management of drug-resistant populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:17924-17931. [PMID: 32661175 PMCID: PMC7395499 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003132117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance frequently evolves through fitness trade-offs in which the genetic alterations that confer resistance to a drug can also cause growth defects in resistant cells. Here, through experimental evolution in a microfluidics-based turbidostat, we demonstrate that antibiotic-resistant cells can be efficiently inhibited by amplifying the fitness costs associated with drug-resistance evolution. Using tavaborole-resistant Escherichia coli as a model, we show that genetic mutations in leucyl-tRNA synthetase (that underlie tavaborole resistance) make resistant cells intolerant to norvaline, a chemical analog of leucine that is mistakenly used by tavaborole-resistant cells for protein synthesis. We then show that tavaborole-sensitive cells quickly outcompete tavaborole-resistant cells in the presence of norvaline due to the amplified cost of the molecular defect of tavaborole resistance. This finding illustrates that understanding molecular mechanisms of drug resistance allows us to effectively amplify even small evolutionary vulnerabilities of resistant cells to potentially enhance or enable adaptive therapies by accelerating posttreatment competition between resistant and susceptible cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Melnikov
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520;
| | - David L Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Xian Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, 518120 Shenzhen, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China
- China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Si Kwok
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Jin-Tao Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China
- China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, 518120 Shenzhen, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Shenzhen, China
- China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | | | - Dieter Söll
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520;
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
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Abdel-Shafi S, Al-Mohammadi AR, Almanaa TN, Moustafa AH, Saad TMM, Ghonemey AR, Anacarso I, Enan G, El-Gazzar N. Identification and Testing of Antidermatophytic Oxaborole-6-Benzene Sulphonamide Derivative (OXBS) from Streptomyces atrovirens KM192347 Isolated from Soil. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9040176. [PMID: 32294942 PMCID: PMC7235740 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to continue research to find out other anti-dermatophytic agents to inhibit causal pathogenic skin diseases including many types of tinea. We undertook the production, purification, and identification of an anti-dermatophytic substance by Streptomyces atrovirens. Out of 103 streptomycete isolates tested, only 20 of them showed antidermatophytic activity with variable degrees against Trichophyton tonsurans CCASU 56400 (T. tonsurans), Microsporum canis CCASU 56402 (M. canis), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes CCASU 56404 (T. mentagrophytes). The most potent isolate, S10Q6, was identified based on the tests conducted that identified morphological and physiological characteristics and using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The isolate was found to be closely correlated to previously described species Streptomyces atrovirens; it was designated Streptomyces atrovirens KM192347 (S. atrovirens). Maximum antifungal activity of the strain KM192347 was obtained in modified starch nitrate medium (MSNM) adjusted initially at pH 7.0 and incubated at 30 °C in shaken cultures (150 rpm) for seven days. The antifungal compound was purified by using two steps protocol including solvent extraction and column chromatography. The MIC of it was 20 µg/mL against the dermatophyte cultures tested. According to the data obtained from instrumental analysis and surveying the novel antibiotics database, the antidermatophytic substance produced by the strain KM192347 was characterized as an oxaborole-6-benzene sulphonamide derivative and designated oxaborole-6-benzene sulphonamide (OXBS) with the chemical formula C13H12 BNO4S. The crude OXBS didn’t show any toxicity on living cells. Finally, the results obtained herein described another anti-dermatophytic substance named an OXBS derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham Abdel-Shafi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, El-Sharqia 44519, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (S.A.-S.); (G.E.); Tel.: +20-1289600036 (S.A.-S.); +20-1009877015 (G.E.)
| | | | - Taghreed N. Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H. Moustafa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | | | | | - Immacolata Anacarso
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | - Gamal Enan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, El-Sharqia 44519, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (S.A.-S.); (G.E.); Tel.: +20-1289600036 (S.A.-S.); +20-1009877015 (G.E.)
| | - Nashwa El-Gazzar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, El-Sharqia 44519, Egypt;
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Sindhe KMV, Wu W, Legac J, Zhang YK, Easom EE, Cooper RA, Plattner JJ, Freund YR, DeRisi JL, Rosenthal PJ. Plasmodium falciparum Resistance to a Lead Benzoxaborole Due to Blocked Compound Activation and Altered Ubiquitination or Sumoylation. mBio 2020; 11:e02640-19. [PMID: 31992618 PMCID: PMC6989105 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02640-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
New antimalarial drugs are needed. The benzoxaborole AN13762 showed excellent activity against cultured Plasmodium falciparum, against fresh Ugandan P. falciparum isolates, and in murine malaria models. To gain mechanistic insights, we selected in vitro for P. falciparum isolates resistant to AN13762. In all of 11 independent selections with 100 to 200 nM AN13762, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) increased from 18-118 nM to 180-890 nM, and whole-genome sequencing of resistant parasites demonstrated mutations in prodrug activation and resistance esterase (PfPARE). The introduction of PfPARE mutations led to a similar level of resistance, and recombinant PfPARE hydrolyzed AN13762 to the benzoxaborole AN10248, which has activity similar to that of AN13762 but for which selection of resistance was not readily achieved. Parasites further selected with micromolar concentrations of AN13762 developed higher-level resistance (IC50, 1.9 to 5.0 μM), and sequencing revealed additional mutations in any of 5 genes, 4 of which were associated with ubiquitination/sumoylation enzyme cascades; the introduction of one of these mutations, in SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 2, led to a similar level of resistance. The other gene mutated in highly resistant parasites encodes the P. falciparum cleavage and specificity factor homolog PfCPSF3, previously identified as the antimalarial target of another benzoxaborole. Parasites selected for resistance to AN13762 were cross-resistant with a close analog, AN13956, but not with standard antimalarials, AN10248, or other benzoxaboroles known to have different P. falciparum targets. Thus, AN13762 appears to have a novel mechanism of antimalarial action and multiple mechanisms of resistance, including loss of function of PfPARE preventing activation to AN10248, followed by alterations in ubiquitination/sumoylation pathways or PfCPSF3.IMPORTANCE Benzoxaboroles are under study as potential new drugs to treat malaria. One benzoxaborole, AN13762, has potent activity and promising features, but its mechanisms of action and resistance are unknown. To gain insights into these mechanisms, we cultured malaria parasites with nonlethal concentrations of AN13762 and generated parasites with varied levels of resistance. Parasites with low-level resistance had mutations in PfPARE, which processes AN13762 into an active metabolite; PfPARE mutations prevented this processing. Parasites with high-level resistance had mutations in any of a number of enzymes, mostly those involved in stress responses. Parasites selected for AN13762 resistance were not resistant to other antimalarials, suggesting novel mechanisms of action and resistance for AN13762, a valuable feature for a new class of antimalarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirthana M V Sindhe
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wesley Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jenny Legac
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Eric E Easom
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Roland A Cooper
- Dominican University of California, San Rafael, California, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph L DeRisi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Philip J Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Mancini G, Bouda M, Gamrat JM, Tomsho JW. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of γ-Borono Phosphonate Compounds in Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium smegmatis. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14551-14559. [PMID: 31528809 PMCID: PMC6740193 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance in bacteria is a serious threat, and drugs with novel modes of action are constantly needed. Fosmidomycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic that inhibits the nonmevalonate pathway via inhibition of the enzyme 1-deoxylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR). This work is the first report in which a boronic acid is evaluated as an isostere of the retrohydroxamate moiety of fosmidomycin. We report the novel synthesis of a γ-borono phosphonate analog of fosmidomycin and its corresponding prodrugs. We evaluate the inhibition of DXR and the antimicrobial activity of γ-borono phosphonate compounds against Escherichia coli wild type, E. coli Δglycerol-3-phosphate transporter, and Mycobacterium smegmatis. Despite its structural similarities, the γ-borono phosphonate compound shows antimicrobial activity against E. coli with a mechanism of action that is different from fosmidomycin. This was proven with an underutilized method for studying in vitro inhibition of the MEP pathway in E. coli via isopentenyl pyrophosphate chemical rescue. These results indicate that these compounds may serve as a promising scaffold for developing a new class of antimicrobial agents.
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Zhang P, Ma S. Recent development of leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors as antimicrobial agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1329-1341. [PMID: 31534653 PMCID: PMC6727470 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00139e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) widely exist in organisms and mediate protein synthesis. Inhibiting these synthetases can lead to the termination of protein synthesis and subsequently achieve antibacterial and antiparasitic purposes. Moreover, the structures of aaRSs found in eukaryotes have considerable structural differences compared to those in prokaryotes, based on which it is possible to develop highly selective inhibitors. Leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) with unique synthesis and editing sites is one of 20 kinds of aaRSs. Many inhibitors targeting LeuRS have been designed and synthesized, some of which have entered clinical use. For example, the benzoxaborole compound AN2690 has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of onychomycosis. AN3365 is suspended in the phase II clinical trial due to the rapid development of AN3365 resistance, but it may be used in combination with other antibiotics. The aaRSs, especially LeuRS, are being considered as targets of new potential anti-infective drugs for the treatment of not only bacterial or fungal infections but also infections by trypanosomes and malaria parasites. This review mainly describes the development of LeuRS inhibitors, focusing on their mechanisms of action, structure-activity relationships (SARs), and in vitro and in vivo activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology , Ministry of Education , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44, West Culture Road , Jinan 250012 , P. R. China . E mail:
| | - Shutao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology , Ministry of Education , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44, West Culture Road , Jinan 250012 , P. R. China . E mail:
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Si Y, Basak S, Li Y, Merino J, Iuliano JN, Walker SG, Tonge PJ. Antibacterial Activity and Mode of Action of a Sulfonamide-Based Class of Oxaborole Leucyl-tRNA-Synthetase Inhibitors. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1231-1238. [PMID: 31007018 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Benzoxaboroles are a class of boron-containing compounds with a broad range of biological activities. A subset of benzoxaboroles have antimicrobial activity due primarily to their ability to inhibit leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) via the oxaborole tRNA-trapping mechanism, which involves the formation of a stable tRNALeu-benzoxaborole adduct in which the boron atom interacts with the 2'- and 3'-oxygen atoms of the terminal 3' tRNA adenosine. We sought to identify other antibacterial targets for this promising class of compounds by means of mode-of-action studies, and we selected a nitrophenyl sulfonamide based oxaborole (PT638) as a probe molecule because it had potent antibacterial activity (MIC of 0.4 μg/mL against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) but did not inhibit LeuRS (IC50 > 100 μM). Analogues of PT638 were synthesized to explore the importance of the sulfonamide linker and the impact of altering the functionalization of the phenyl ring. These structure-activity-relationship studies revealed that the nitro substituent was essential for activity. To identify the target for PT638, we raised resistant strains of S. aureus, and whole-genome sequencing revealed mutations in leuRS, suggesting that the target for this compound was indeed LeuRS, despite the lack of enzyme inhibition. Subsequent analysis of PT638 metabolism demonstrated that bacterial nitroreductases readily converted this compound into the amino analogue, which inhibited LeuRS with an IC50 of 3.0 ± 1.2 μM, demonstrating that PT638 is thus a prodrug.
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Lunde CS, Stebbins EE, Jumani RS, Hasan MM, Miller P, Barlow J, Freund YR, Berry P, Stefanakis R, Gut J, Rosenthal PJ, Love MS, McNamara CW, Easom E, Plattner JJ, Jacobs RT, Huston CD. Identification of a potent benzoxaborole drug candidate for treating cryptosporidiosis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2816. [PMID: 31249291 PMCID: PMC6597546 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis is a leading cause of life-threatening diarrhea in young children and causes chronic diarrhea in AIDS patients, but the only approved treatment is ineffective in malnourished children and immunocompromised people. We here use a drug repositioning strategy and identify a promising anticryptosporidial drug candidate. Screening a library of benzoxaboroles comprised of analogs to four antiprotozoal chemical scaffolds under pre-clinical development for neglected tropical diseases for Cryptosporidium growth inhibitors identifies the 6-carboxamide benzoxaborole AN7973. AN7973 blocks intracellular parasite development, appears to be parasiticidal, and potently inhibits the two Cryptosporidium species most relevant to human health, C. parvum and C. hominis. It is efficacious in murine models of both acute and established infection, and in a neonatal dairy calf model of cryptosporidiosis. AN7973 also possesses favorable safety, stability, and PK parameters, and therefore, is an exciting drug candidate for treating cryptosporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin E Stebbins
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Robert R. Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Rajiv S Jumani
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Robert R. Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Md Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Robert R. Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Peter Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Robert R. Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - John Barlow
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | | | - Pamela Berry
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA, 4230, USA
| | | | - Jiri Gut
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Philip J Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | | | | | - Eric Easom
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA, 4230, USA
| | | | | | - Christopher D Huston
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Robert R. Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
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Zhang J, Zhang J, Hao G, Xin W, Yang F, Zhu M, Zhou H. Design, Synthesis, and Structure–Activity Relationship of 7-Propanamide Benzoxaboroles as Potent Anticancer Agents. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6765-6784. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Guiyun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Weixiang Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Huchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
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DS86760016, a Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase Inhibitor with Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.02122-18. [PMID: 30670430 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02122-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DS86760016 is a new leucyl-tRNA-synthetase inhibitor at the preclinical development stage. DS86760016 showed potent activity against extended-spectrum multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples and in vitro biofilms. In a murine catheter-associated urinary tract infection model, DS86760016 treatment resulted in significant eradication of P. aeruginosa from the kidney, bladder, and catheter without developing drug resistance. Our data suggest that DS86760016 has the potential to act as a new drug for the treatment of Pseudomonas infections.
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Veale CGL. Unpacking the Pathogen Box-An Open Source Tool for Fighting Neglected Tropical Disease. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:386-453. [PMID: 30614200 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Pathogen Box is a 400-strong collection of drug-like compounds, selected for their potential against several of the world's most important neglected tropical diseases, including trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, filariasis, schistosomiasis, dengue virus and trichuriasis, in addition to malaria and tuberculosis. This library represents an ensemble of numerous successful drug discovery programmes from around the globe, aimed at providing a powerful resource to stimulate open source drug discovery for diseases threatening the most vulnerable communities in the world. This review seeks to provide an in-depth analysis of the literature pertaining to the compounds in the Pathogen Box, including structure-activity relationship highlights, mechanisms of action, related compounds with reported activity against different diseases, and, where appropriate, discussion on the known and putative targets of compounds, thereby providing context and increasing the accessibility of the Pathogen Box to the drug discovery community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton G L Veale
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Pietermaritzburg Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
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Leishmania donovani Parasites Are Inhibited by the Benzoxaborole AN2690 Targeting Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00079-18. [PMID: 29941647 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00079-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is an important public health threat in parts of India. It is caused by a protozoan parasite, Leishmania donovani Currently available drugs manifest severe side effects. Hence, there is a need to identify new drug targets and drugs. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, required for protein synthesis, are known drug targets for bacterial and fungal pathogens. The aim of the present study was to obtain essentiality data for Leishmania donovani leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LdLRS) by gene replacement. Gene replacement studies indicate that this enzyme plays an essential role in the viability of this pathogenic organism and appears to be indispensable for its survival in vitro The heterozygous mutant parasites demonstrated a growth deficit and reduced infectivity in mouse macrophages compared to the wild-type cells. We also report that Leishmania donovani recombinant LRS displayed aminoacylation activity and that the protein localized to both the cytosol and the mitochondrion. A broad-spectrum antifungal, 5-fluoro-1,3-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2,1-benzoxaborole (AN2690), was found to inhibit parasite growth in both the promastigote and amastigote stages in vitro as well as in vivo in BALB/c mice. This compound exhibited low toxicity to mammalian cells. AN2690 was effective in inhibiting the aminoacylation activity of the recombinant LdLRS. We provide preliminary chemical validation of LdLRS as a drug target by showing that AN2690 is an inhibitor both of L. donovani LRS and of L. donovani cell growth.
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Gamrat JM, Mancini G, Burke SJ, Colandrea RC, Sadowski NR, Figula BC, Tomsho JW. Protection of the Benzoxaborole Moiety: Synthesis and Functionalization of Zwitterionic Benzoxaborole Complexes. J Org Chem 2018; 83:6193-6201. [PMID: 29724096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and utility of three benzoxaborole protecting groups are reported. These protecting groups improve organic solubility and allow otherwise incompatible reactions (oxidations, substitutions, and mild reductions) to be achieved in the presence of the benzoxaborole moiety. 3-( N, N-Dimethylamino)-1-propanol was determined to be useful in one-step sequences and is readily cleaved upon workup. Two other groups, N-methylsalicylidenimine and 2-[1-(methylimino)ethyl]phenol, are suitable for multistep syntheses. Deprotection with mild aqueous acid allows for chromatography-free isolation of the benzoxaborole in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Gamrat
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of the Sciences in Philadelphia , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Giulia Mancini
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of the Sciences in Philadelphia , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Sarah J Burke
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of the Sciences in Philadelphia , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Rebecca C Colandrea
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of the Sciences in Philadelphia , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Nicholas R Sadowski
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of the Sciences in Philadelphia , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Bryan C Figula
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of the Sciences in Philadelphia , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - John W Tomsho
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of the Sciences in Philadelphia , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Winum JY. Benzoxaborole compounds for therapeutic uses: a patent review (2010- 2018). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018; 28:493-504. [PMID: 29727210 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1473379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Benzoxaborole is a versatile boron-heterocyclic scaffold which has found in the last 10 years a broad spectrum of applications in medicinal chemistry, due to its physicochemical and drug-like properties. Use of benzoxaborole moiety in the design of compounds led to the discovery of new classes of anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-protozoal, anti-viral as well as anti-inflammatory agents with interesting drug development perspectives. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the patent literature as well as chemistry literature during the period 2010-2018 where in several benzoxaborole derivatives with therapeutic options were reported. EXPERT OPINION Two benzoxaborole derivatives are already clinically used for the treatment of onychomycosis (tavaborole) and atopic dermatitis (crisaborole), with several others in various phases of clinical trials. By inhibiting enzymes essential in the life cycle of fungal, protozoan, bacterial and viral pathogens, it is probable that other compounds may soon enter the armamentarium of anti-infective agents. On the other hand, phosphodiesterase 4 seems to be the human target responsible of the anti-inflammatory action of some benzoxaboroles. The chemical versatility, peculiar mechanism of action related to the electron deficient nature of the boron atom, and ease of preparation make benzoxaboroles a highly interesting field for the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- a Department of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Florence, Polo Scientifico , Firenze , Italy.,b Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM , Université de Montpellier , Montpellier , France
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- a Department of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Florence, Polo Scientifico , Firenze , Italy
| | - Jean-Yves Winum
- b Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM , Université de Montpellier , Montpellier , France
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Van Bocxlaer K, Gaukel E, Hauser D, Park SH, Schock S, Yardley V, Randolph R, Plattner JJ, Merchant T, Croft SL, Jacobs RT, Wring SA. Topical Treatment for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Dermato-Pharmacokinetic Lead Optimization of Benzoxaboroles. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:e02419-17. [PMID: 29507073 PMCID: PMC5923108 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02419-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by several species of the protozoan parasite Leishmania, affecting an estimated 10 million people worldwide. Previously reported strategies for the development of topical CL treatments have focused primarily on drug permeation and formulation optimization as the means to increase treatment efficacy. Our approach aims to identify compounds with antileishmanial activity and properties consistent with topical administration. Of the test compounds, five benzoxaboroles showed potent activity (50% effective concentration [EC50] < 5 μM) against intracellular amastigotes of at least one Leishmania species and acceptable activity (20 μM < EC50 < 30 μM) against two more species. Benzoxaborole compounds were further prioritized on the basis of the in vitro evaluation of progression criteria related to skin permeation, such as the partition coefficient and solubility. An MDCKII-hMDR1 cell assay showed overall good permeability and no significant interaction with the P-glycoprotein transporter for all substrates except LSH002 and LSH031. The benzoxaboroles were degraded, to some extent, by skin enzymes but had stability superior to that of para-hydroxybenzoate compounds, which are known skin esterase substrates. Evaluation of permeation through reconstructed human epidermis showed LSH002 to be the most permeant, followed by LSH003 and LSH001. Skin disposition studies following finite drug formulation application to mouse skin demonstrated the highest permeation for LSH001, followed by LSH003 and LSH002, with a significantly larger amount of LSH001 than the other compounds being retained in skin. Finally, the efficacy of the leads (LSH001, LSH002, and LSH003) against Leishmania major was tested in vivo LSH001 suppressed lesion growth upon topical application, and LSH003 reduced the lesion size following oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Van Bocxlaer
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infections and Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Gaukel
- Scynexis Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Deirdre Hauser
- Scynexis Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Seong Hee Park
- Scynexis Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sara Schock
- Scynexis Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vanessa Yardley
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infections and Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Randolph
- Scynexis Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Tejal Merchant
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Simon L Croft
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infections and Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom
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In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of DS86760016, a Novel Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase Inhibitor for Gram-Negative Pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.01987-17. [PMID: 29437618 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01987-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacilli is a major concern in the treatment of nosocomial infections. Antibacterial agents with novel modes of action can be useful, as these pathogens have become resistant to almost all existing standard-of-care agents. GSK2251052, a leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor, has a novel mode of action against Gram-negative bacteria. However, the phase 2 studies with this drug were terminated due to microbiological failures based on the rapid emergence of drug resistance during the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. DS86760016 is a novel leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor active against MDR Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with an improved pharmacokinetic profile. DS86760016 showed lower plasma clearance, longer plasma half-life, and higher renal excretion than GSK2251052 did in mice, rats, monkeys and dogs. DS86760016 also showed lower mutant prevention concentrations against P. aeruginosa than did GSK2251052. No resistant bacteria were observed in murine urinary tract infection models at a dose that maintained urinary concentrations above the mutant prevention concentration. DS86760016 also showed a lower risk of resistance development than did GSK2251052 in comparative in vivo studies with murine urinary tract infection models. These results suggest that DS86760016 has potential as a new drug for the treatment of MDR Gram-negative bacterial infections, with a lower risk of drug resistance development than that of GSK2251052.
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Okombo J, Chibale K. Recent updates in the discovery and development of novel antimalarial drug candidates. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:437-453. [PMID: 30108934 PMCID: PMC6071755 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00637c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Though morbidity and mortality due to malaria have declined in the last 15 years, emerging resistance to first-line artemisinin-based antimalarials, absence of efficacious vaccines and limited chemotherapeutic alternatives imperil the consolidation of these gains. As a blueprint to steer future designs of new medicines, malaria drug discovery recently adopted a descriptive proposal for the ideal candidate molecules and drugs likely to successfully progress into the final stages of clinical development. As an audit of recent developments in the chemotherapy of malaria in the last five years, this review captures a landscape of diverse molecules at various stages of drug development and discusses their progress. In brief, we also discuss how omics data on Plasmodium has been extensively leveraged to identify potential vaccine candidates and putative targets of molecules in development and clinical use as well as map loci implicit in their modes of resistance. Future perspective on malaria drug development should involve a reconciliation of some of the challenges of the target candidate profiles (TCPs), specifically TCP3, with the promise of effective anti-hypnozoite medicines. Similarly, with the recent development of a humanized mouse model that can evaluate the prophylactic potential of candidate drugs, we argue for increased effort at identifying more liver-stage molecules, which are often only secondarily prioritized in conventional screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Okombo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa .
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa .
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit , Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa
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42
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Zhang N, Zoltner M, Leung KF, Scullion P, Hutchinson S, del Pino RC, Vincent IM, Zhang YK, Freund YR, Alley MRK, Jacobs RT, Read KD, Barrett MP, Horn D, Field MC. Host-parasite co-metabolic activation of antitrypanosomal aminomethyl-benzoxaboroles. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006850. [PMID: 29425238 PMCID: PMC5823473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent development of benzoxaborole-based chemistry gave rise to a collection of compounds with great potential in targeting diverse infectious diseases, including human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), a devastating neglected tropical disease. However, further medicinal development is largely restricted by a lack of insight into mechanism of action (MoA) in pathogenic kinetoplastids. We adopted a multidisciplinary approach, combining a high-throughput forward genetic screen with functional group focused chemical biological, structural biology and biochemical analyses, to tackle the complex MoAs of benzoxaboroles in Trypanosoma brucei. We describe an oxidative enzymatic pathway composed of host semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase and a trypanosomal aldehyde dehydrogenase TbALDH3. Two sequential reactions through this pathway serve as the key underlying mechanism for activating a series of 4-aminomethylphenoxy-benzoxaboroles as potent trypanocides; the methylamine parental compounds as pro-drugs are transformed first into intermediate aldehyde metabolites, and further into the carboxylate metabolites as effective forms. Moreover, comparative biochemical and crystallographic analyses elucidated the catalytic specificity of TbALDH3 towards the benzaldehyde benzoxaborole metabolites as xenogeneic substrates. Overall, this work proposes a novel drug activation mechanism dependent on both host and parasite metabolism of primary amine containing molecules, which contributes a new perspective to our understanding of the benzoxaborole MoA, and could be further exploited to improve the therapeutic index of antimicrobial compounds. Human African Trypanomiasis (HAT) is among a list of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) that impose devastating burdens on both public health and economy of some of the most unprivileged societies across the world. To secure the long-term global control of the disease, it is critical to understand the mechanisms underlying the interactions of drugs and drug candidates with the causative agents as well as resistance potentially arising from use of the compounds. We demonstrated here a metabolic enzymatic cascade dependent on a host-pathogen interaction that determines potency against T. brucei of a series of benzoxaborole compounds. More importantly, this pathway represents a metabolic interaction network between host and pathogen, illuminating an important perspective on understanding mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Zoltner
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ka-Fai Leung
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Scullion
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Hutchinson
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo C. del Pino
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel M. Vincent
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Yong-Kang Zhang
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Yvonne R. Freund
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Michael R. K. Alley
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Robert T. Jacobs
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin D. Read
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P. Barrett
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David Horn
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Mark C. Field
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Yang F, Zhu M, Zhang J, Zhou H. Synthesis of biologically active boron-containing compounds. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 9:201-211. [PMID: 30108914 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00552k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Boron-containing compounds which possess unique and attractive properties have received increasing attention from the pharmaceutical industry and academia recently. They have shown interesting and useful biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this review, the synthetic strategies for various boron-containing compounds, including peptidyl boronic acids, benzoxaboroles, benzoxaborines, benzodiazaborines, amine carboxyboranes, and amine cyanoboranes are summarized. Representative structures of each structural class and recently developed biologically active boron-containing compounds are used as examples in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism , School of Pharmacy , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District , Shanghai 200240 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 21 34206721
| | - Mingyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism , School of Pharmacy , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District , Shanghai 200240 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 21 34206721
| | - Jinyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism , School of Pharmacy , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District , Shanghai 200240 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 21 34206721
| | - Huchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism , School of Pharmacy , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District , Shanghai 200240 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 21 34206721
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Jain V, Sharma A, Singh G, Yogavel M, Sharma A. Structure-Based Targeting of Orthologous Pathogen Proteins Accelerates Antiparasitic Drug Discovery. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:281-292. [PMID: 28195698 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6b00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases caused by eukaryotic pathogens impose significant health and economic burden worldwide. The level of research funding available for many parasitic diseases is insufficient in relation to their adverse social and economic impact. In this article, we discuss that extant 3D structural data on protein-inhibitor complexes can be harnessed to accelerate drug discovery against many related pathogens. Assessment of sequence conservation within drug/inhibitor-binding residues in enzyme-inhibitor complexes can be leveraged to predict and validate both new lead compounds and their molecular targets in multiple parasitic diseases. Hence, structure-based targeting of orthologous pathogen proteins accelerates the discovery of new antiparasitic drugs. This approach offers significant benefits for jumpstarting the discovery of new lead compounds and their molecular targets in diverse human, livestock, and plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitul Jain
- Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Arvind Sharma
- Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Gajinder Singh
- Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Manickam Yogavel
- Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110067, India
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A potent antimalarial benzoxaborole targets a Plasmodium falciparum cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor homologue. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14574. [PMID: 28262680 PMCID: PMC5343452 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzoxaboroles are effective against bacterial, fungal and protozoan pathogens. We report potent activity of the benzoxaborole AN3661 against Plasmodium falciparum laboratory-adapted strains (mean IC50 32 nM), Ugandan field isolates (mean ex vivo IC50 64 nM), and murine P. berghei and P. falciparum infections (day 4 ED90 0.34 and 0.57 mg kg−1, respectively). Multiple P. falciparum lines selected in vitro for resistance to AN3661 harboured point mutations in pfcpsf3, which encodes a homologue of mammalian cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 3 (CPSF-73 or CPSF3). CRISPR-Cas9-mediated introduction of pfcpsf3 mutations into parental lines recapitulated AN3661 resistance. PfCPSF3 homology models placed these mutations in the active site, where AN3661 is predicted to bind. Transcripts for three trophozoite-expressed genes were lost in AN3661-treated trophozoites, which was not observed in parasites selected or engineered for AN3661 resistance. Our results identify the pre-mRNA processing factor PfCPSF3 as a promising antimalarial drug target. Benzoxaboroles have been shown to be active against different pathogens. Here, the authors show that the benzoxaborole AN3661 inhibits Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and in mouse models, and identify a homologue of a mammalian cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor as a drug target.
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46
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Sharma A, Sharma M, Yogavel M, Sharma A. Protein Translation Enzyme lysyl-tRNA Synthetase Presents a New Target for Drug Development against Causative Agents of Loiasis and Schistosomiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005084. [PMID: 27806050 PMCID: PMC5091859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminth parasites are an assemblage of two major phyla of nematodes (also known as roundworms) and platyhelminths (also called flatworms). These parasites are a major human health burden, and infections caused by helminths are considered under neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). These infections are typified by limited clinical treatment options and threat of drug resistance. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are vital enzymes that decode genetic information and enable protein translation. The specific inhibition of pathogen aaRSs bores well for development of next generation anti-parasitics. Here, we have identified and annotated aaRSs and accessory proteins from Loa loa (nematode) and Schistosoma mansoni (flatworm) to provide a glimpse of these protein translation enzymes within these parasites. Using purified parasitic lysyl-tRNA synthetases (KRSs), we developed series of assays that address KRS enzymatic activity, oligomeric states, crystal structure and inhibition profiles. We show that L. loa and S. mansoni KRSs are potently inhibited by the fungal metabolite cladosporin. Our co-crystal structure of Loa loa KRS-cladosporin complex reveals key interacting residues and provides a platform for structure-based drug development. This work hence provides a new direction for both novel target discovery and inhibitor development against eukaryotic pathogens that include L. loa and S. mansoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Sharma
- Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Manmohan Sharma
- Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Manickam Yogavel
- Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
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47
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Cryptosporidium and Toxoplasma Parasites Are Inhibited by a Benzoxaborole Targeting Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:5817-27. [PMID: 27431220 PMCID: PMC5038320 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00873-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The apicomplexan parasites Cryptosporidium and Toxoplasma are serious threats to human health. Cryptosporidiosis is a severe diarrheal disease in malnourished children and immunocompromised individuals, with the only FDA-approved drug treatment currently being nitazoxanide. The existing therapies for toxoplasmosis, an important pathology in immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women, also have serious limitations. With the aim of developing alternative therapeutic options to address these health problems, we tested a number of benzoxaboroles, boron-containing compounds shown to be active against various infectious agents, for inhibition of the growth of Cryptosporidium parasites in mammalian cells. A 3-aminomethyl benzoxaborole, AN6426, with activity in the micromolar range and with activity comparable to that of nitazoxanide, was identified and further characterized using biophysical measurements of affinity and crystal structures of complexes with the editing domain of Cryptosporidium leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS). The same compound was shown to be active against Toxoplasma parasites, with the activity being enhanced in the presence of norvaline, an amino acid that can be mischarged by LeuRS. Our observations are consistent with AN6426 inhibiting protein synthesis in both Cryptosporidium and Toxoplasma by forming a covalent adduct with tRNA(Leu) in the LeuRS editing active site and suggest that further exploitation of the benzoxaborole scaffold is a valid strategy to develop novel, much needed antiparasitic agents.
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Antimalarial Benzoxaboroles Target Plasmodium falciparum Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:4886-95. [PMID: 27270277 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00820-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need for new antimalarials, ideally with novel mechanisms of action. Benzoxaboroles have been shown to be active against bacteria, fungi, and trypanosomes. Therefore, we investigated the antimalarial activity and mechanism of action of 3-aminomethyl benzoxaboroles against Plasmodium falciparum Two 3-aminomethyl compounds, AN6426 and AN8432, demonstrated good potency against cultured multidrug-resistant (W2 strain) P. falciparum (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] of 310 nM and 490 nM, respectively) and efficacy against murine Plasmodium berghei infection when administered orally once daily for 4 days (90% effective dose [ED90], 7.4 and 16.2 mg/kg of body weight, respectively). To characterize mechanisms of action, we selected parasites with decreased drug sensitivity by culturing with stepwise increases in concentration of AN6426. Resistant clones were characterized by whole-genome sequencing. Three generations of resistant parasites had polymorphisms in the predicted editing domain of the gene encoding a P. falciparum leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS; PF3D7_0622800) and in another gene (PF3D7_1218100), which encodes a protein of unknown function. Solution of the structure of the P. falciparum LeuRS editing domain suggested key roles for mutated residues in LeuRS editing. Short incubations with AN6426 and AN8432, unlike artemisinin, caused dose-dependent inhibition of [(14)C]leucine incorporation by cultured wild-type, but not resistant, parasites. The growth of resistant, but not wild-type, parasites was impaired in the presence of the unnatural amino acid norvaline, consistent with a loss of LeuRS editing activity in resistant parasites. In summary, the benzoxaboroles AN6426 and AN8432 offer effective antimalarial activity and act, at least in part, against a novel target, the editing domain of P. falciparum LeuRS.
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Hoagland DT, Liu J, Lee RB, Lee RE. New agents for the treatment of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 102:55-72. [PMID: 27151308 PMCID: PMC4903924 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate dosing and incomplete treatment regimens, coupled with the ability of the tuberculosis bacilli to cause latent infections that are tolerant of currently used drugs, have fueled the rise of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Treatment of MDR-TB infections is a major clinical challenge that has few viable or effective solutions; therefore patients face a poor prognosis and years of treatment. This review focuses on emerging drug classes that have the potential for treating MDR-TB and highlights their particular strengths as leads including their mode of action, in vivo efficacy, and key medicinal chemistry properties. Examples include the newly approved drugs bedaquiline and delaminid, and other agents in clinical and late preclinical development pipeline for the treatment of MDR-TB. Herein, we discuss the challenges to developing drugs to treat tuberculosis and how the field has adapted to these difficulties, with an emphasis on drug discovery approaches that might produce more effective agents and treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Hoagland
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jiuyu Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Robin B Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Richard E Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Gudzera OI, Golub AG, Bdzhola VG, Volynets GP, Kovalenko OP, Boyarshin KS, Yaremchuk AD, Protopopov MV, Yarmoluk SM, Tukalo MA. Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) inhibitors among the derivatives of 5-phenylamino-2H-[1,2,4]triazin-3-one. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:201-207. [DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1190712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olga I. Gudzera
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine and
| | | | | | - Galyna P. Volynets
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine and
| | - Oksana P. Kovalenko
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine and
| | | | - Anna D. Yaremchuk
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine and
| | | | - Sergiy M. Yarmoluk
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine and
| | - Michail A. Tukalo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine and
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