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Bernardoni BL, D'Agostino I, La Motta C, Angeli A. An insight into the last 5-year patents on porphyromonas gingivalis and streptococcus mutans, the pivotal pathogens in the oral cavity. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024. [PMID: 38684444 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2349739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The oral cavity harbors an extensive array of over 700 microorganisms, forming the most complex biome of the entire human body, with bacterial species being the most abundant. Oral diseases, e.g. periodontitis and caries, are strictly associated with bacterial dysbiosis. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans stand out among bacteria colonizing the oral cavity. AREAS COVERED After a brief overview of the bacterial populations in the oral cavity and their roles in regulating (flora) oral cavity or causing diseases like periodontal and cariogenic pathogens, we focused our attention on P. gingivalis and S. mutans, searching for the last-5-year patents dealing with the proposal of new strategies to fight their infections. Following the PRISMA protocol, we filtered the results and analyzed over 100 applied/granted patents, to provide an in-depth insight into this R&D scenario. EXPERT OPINION Several antibacterial proposals have been patented in this period, from both chemical - peptides and small molecules - and biological - probiotics and antibodies - sources, along with natural extracts, polymers, and drug delivery systems. Most of the inventors are from China and Korea and their studies also investigated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, being beneficial to oral health through a prophylactic, protective, or curative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Ardino C, Sannio F, Poli G, Galati S, Dreassi E, Botta L, Docquier JD, D'Agostino I. An update on antibacterial AlkylGuanidino Ureas: Design of new derivatives, synergism with colistin and data analysis of the whole library. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 270:116362. [PMID: 38574637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the most challenging global Public Health issues, with an alarmingly increasing rate of attributable mortality. This scenario highlights the urgent need for innovative medicinal strategies showing activity on resistant isolates (especially, carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci) yielding new approaches for the treatment of bacterial infections. We previously reported AlkylGuanidino Ureas (AGUs) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and a putative membrane-based mechanism of action. Herein, new tetra- and mono-guanidino derivatives were designed and synthesized to expand the structure-activity relationships (SARs) and, thereby, tested on the same panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The membrane-active mechanism of selected compounds was then investigated through molecular dynamics (MD) on simulated bacterial membranes. In the end, the newly synthesized series, along with the whole library of compounds (more than 70) developed in the last decade, was tested in combination with subinhibitory concentrations of the last resort antibiotic colistin to assess putative synergistic or additive effects. Moreover, all the AGUs were subjected to cheminformatic and machine learning analyses to gain a deeper knowledge of the key features required for bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ardino
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Filomena Sannio
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Viale Mario Bracci 16, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno Pisano 6, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Galati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno Pisano 6, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Botta
- Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l., Via Vittorio Alfieri 31, I-53019, Castelnuovo Berardenga, Italy; Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, I-01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Jean-Denis Docquier
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Viale Mario Bracci 16, I-53100, Siena, Italy; Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l., Via Vittorio Alfieri 31, I-53019, Castelnuovo Berardenga, Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Agostino
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno Pisano 6, I-56126, Pisa, Italy.
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Vagaggini C, Petroni D, D'Agostino I, Poggialini F, Cavallini C, Cianciusi A, Salis A, D'Antona L, Francesconi V, Manetti F, Damonte G, Musumeci F, Menichetti L, Dreassi E, Carbone A, Schenone S. Early investigation of a novel SI306 theranostic prodrug for glioblastoma treatment. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22158. [PMID: 38349262 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive malignancies with a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. Theranostic, combining therapeutic and diagnostic approaches, arises as a successful strategy to improve patient outcomes through personalized medicine. Src is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase (nRTK) whose involvement in GBM has been extensively demonstrated. Our previous research highlighted the effectiveness of the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine SI306 and its more soluble prodrug CMP1 as Src inhibitors both in in vitro and in vivo GBM models. In this scenario, we decided to develop a theranostic prodrug of SI306, ProSI-DOTA(68 Ga) 1, which was designed to target GBM cells after hydrolysis and follow-up on the disease's progression and improve the therapy's outcome. First, the corresponding nonradioactive prodrug 2 was tested to evaluate its ADME profile and biological activity. It showed good metabolic stability, no inhibition of CYP3A4, suboptimal aqueous solubility, and slight gastrointestinal and blood-brain barrier passive permeability. Compound 2 exhibited a drastic reduction of cell vitality after 72 h on two different GBM cell lines (GL261 and U87MG). Then, 2 was subjected to complexation with the radionuclide Gallium-68 to give ProSI-DOTA(68 Ga) 1. The cellular uptake of 1 was evaluated on GBM cells, highlighting a slight but significant time-dependent uptake. The data obtained from our preliminary studies reflect the physiochemical properties of 1. The use of an alternative route of administration, such as the intranasal route, could overcome the physiochemical limitations and enhance the pharmacokinetic properties of 1, paving the way for its future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Vagaggini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Debora Petroni
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Agostino
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Federica Poggialini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavallini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Salis
- DIMES, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Lucia D'Antona
- Medical Genetics Unit, Mater Domini University Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Damonte
- DIMES, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Luca Menichetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Carbone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Fantacuzzi M, D'Agostino I, Carradori S, Liguori F, Carta F, Agamennone M, Angeli A, Sannio F, Docquier JD, Capasso C, Supuran CT. Benzenesulfonamide derivatives as Vibrio cholerae carbonic anhydrases inhibitors: a computational-aided insight in the structural rigidity-activity relationships. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2201402. [PMID: 37073528 PMCID: PMC10120512 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2201402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae causes life-threatening infections in low-income countries due to the rise of antibacterial resistance. Innovative pharmacological targets have been investigated and carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC: 4.2.1.1) encoded by V. cholerae (VchCAs) emerged as a valuable option. Recently, we developed a large library of para- and meta-benzenesulfonamides characterised by moieties with a different flexibility degree as CAs inhibitors. Stopped flow-based enzymatic assays showed strong inhibition of VchαCA for this library, while lower affinity was detected against the other isoforms. In particular, cyclic urea 9c emerged for a nanomolar inhibition of VchαCA (KI = 4.7 nM) and high selectivity with respect to human isoenzymes (SI≥ 90). Computational studies revealed the influence of moiety flexibility on inhibitory activity and isoform selectivity and allowed accurate SARs. However, although VchCAs are involved in the bacterium virulence and not in its survival, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of such compounds, resulting in no direct activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria D'Agostino
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Liguori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Filomena Sannio
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Jean-Denis Docquier
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- InBioS, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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D'Agostino I, Zara S, Carradori S, De Luca V, Capasso C, Kocken CHM, Zeeman AM, Angeli A, Carta F, Supuran CT. Antimalarial Agents Targeting Plasmodium falciparum Carbonic Anhydrase: Towards Artesunate Hybrid Compounds with Dual Mechanism of Action. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300267. [PMID: 37697903 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Malaria continues to be a major public health challenge worldwide and, as part of the global effort toward malaria eradication, plasmodium carbonic anhydrases (CAs) have recently been proposed as potential targets for malaria treatment. In this study, a series of eight hybrid compounds combining the Artesunate core with a sulfonamide moiety were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibition potency against the widely expressed human (h) CAs I, II and the isoform from P. falciparum (PfCA). All derivatives demonstrated high inhibition potency against PfCA, achieving a KI value in the sub-nanomolar range (0.35 nM). Two Compounds showed a selectivity index of 4.1 and 3.1, respectively, against this protozoan isoform compared to hCA II. Three Derivatives showed no cytotoxic effects on human gingival fibroblasts at 50 μM with a high killing rate against both P. falciparum and P. knowlesi strains with IC50 in the sub-nanomolar range, providing a wide therapeutic window. Our findings suggest that these compounds may serve as promising leads for developing new antimalarial drugs and warrant further investigation, including activity against antimalarial-resistant strains, mode of action studies, and in vivo efficacy assessment in preclinical mouse models of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria D'Agostino
- Department of Pharmacy "G. d'Annunzio", University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Susi Zara
- Department of Pharmacy "G. d'Annunzio", University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy "G. d'Annunzio", University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Viviana De Luca
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse CNR, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Clemens H M Kocken
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Center, 2288, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Zeeman
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Center, 2288, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino FL, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino FL, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino FL, Italy
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Benito G, D'Agostino I, Carradori S, Fantacuzzi M, Agamennone M, Puca V, Grande R, Capasso C, Carta F, Supuran CT. Erlotinib-containing benzenesulfonamides as anti- Helicobacter pylori agents through carbonic anhydrase inhibition. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1865-1883. [PMID: 37886837 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Development of dual-acting antibacterial agents containing Erlotinib, a recognized EGFR inhibitor used as an anticancer agent, with differently spaced benzenesulfonamide moieties known to bind and inhibit Helicobacter pylori carbonic anhydrase (HpCA) or the antiviral Zidovudine. Methods & materials: Through rational design, ten derivatives were obtained via a straightforward synthesis including a click chemistry reaction. Inhibitory activity against a panel of pathogenic carbonic anhydrases and antibacterial susceptibility of H. pylori ATCC 43504 were assessed. Docking studies on α-carbonic anhydrase enzymes and EGFR were conducted to gain insight into the binding mode of these compounds. Results & conclusion: Some compounds proved to be strong inhibitors of HpCA and showed good anti-H. pylori activity. Computational studies on the targeted enzymes shed light on the interaction hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Benito
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, 50019, Italy
| | | | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Marialuigia Fantacuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Mariangela Agamennone
- Department of Pharmacy, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Valentina Puca
- Department of Pharmacy, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Rossella Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies & Technology, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture & Food Sciences, National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences & Bioresources, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, 50019, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, 50019, Italy
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Melfi F, Carradori S, Angeli A, D'Agostino I. Nature as a source and inspiration for human monoamine oxidase B (Hmao-B) inhibition: A review of the recent advances in chemical modification of natural compounds. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023. [PMID: 37332199 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2226860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past five years, we have witnessed intense research activity about the biological potential of natural products (NPs) as human monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors. Despite the promising inhibitory activity, natural compounds are often characterized by pharmacokinetic limitations such as poor aqueous solubility, extensive metabolism, and low bioavailability. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of the current landscape NPs as selective hMAO-B inhibitors and highlights their use as a starting scaffold to design (semi)synthetic derivatives to overcome the therapeutic (pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic) limitations of NPs and to obtain more robust structure-activity relationships (SARs) for each scaffold. EXPERT OPINION All the natural scaffolds herein presented displayed a broad chemical diversity. The knowledge of their biological activity as inhibitors of hMAO-B enzyme allows the positive correlations associated with the consumption of specific food or the possible herb-drug interactions and suggests to the Medicinal Chemists how to address chemical functionalization to obtain more potent and selective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Melfi
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Università Degli Studi di, Firenze, Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Agostino
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Melfi F, Carradori S, Campestre C, Haloci E, Ammazzalorso A, Grande R, D'Agostino I. Emerging compounds and therapeutic strategies to treat infections from Trypanosoma brucei: an overhaul of the last 5-years patents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:247-263. [PMID: 36933190 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2193328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human African Trypanosomiasis is a neglected disease caused by infection from parasites belonging to the Trypanosoma brucei species. Only six drugs are currently available and employed depending on the stage of the infection: pentamidine, suramin, melarsoprol, eflornithine, nifurtimox, and fexinidazole. Joint research projects were launched in an attempt to find new therapeutic options for this severe and often lethal disease. AREAS COVERED After a brief description of the recent literature on the parasite and the disease, we searched for patents dealing with the proposal of new anti-trypanosomiasis agents and, following the PRISMA guidelines, we filtered the results to those published from 2018onwards returning suitable entries, which represent the contemporary landscape of compounds/strategies against Trypanosoma brucei. In addition, some relevant publications from the overall scientific literature were also discussed. EXPERT OPINION This review comprehensively covers and analyzes the most recent advances not only in the discovery of new inhibitors and their structure-activity relationships but also in the assessment of innovative biological targets opening new scenarios in the MedChem field. Lastly, also new vaccines and formulations recently patented were described. However, natural and synthetic compounds were analyzed in terms of inhibitory activity and selective toxicity against human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Melfi
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Campestre
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Entela Haloci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - Rossella Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Agostino
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Ardino C, Sannio F, Pasero C, Botta L, Dreassi E, Docquier JD, D'Agostino I. The impact of counterions in biological activity: case study of antibacterial alkylguanidino ureas. Mol Divers 2022:10.1007/s11030-022-10505-6. [PMID: 36036302 PMCID: PMC9421121 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10505-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), due to its strong acidity and low boiling point, is extensively used in protecting groups-based synthetic strategies. Indeed, synthetic compounds bearing basic functions, such as amines or guanidines (commonly found in peptido or peptidomimetic derivatives), developed in the frame of drug discovery programmes, are often isolated as trifluoroacetate (TF-Acetate) salts and their biological activity is assessed as such in in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo experiments. However, the presence of residual amounts of TFA was reported to potentially affect the accuracy and reproducibility of a broad range of cellular assays (e. g. antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and cytotoxicity assays) limiting the further development of these derivatives. Furthermore, the impact of the counterion on biological activity, including TF-Acetate, is still controversial. Herein, we present a focused case study aiming to evaluate the activity of an antibacterial AlkylGuanidino Urea (AGU) compound obtained as TF-Acetate (1a) and hydrochloride (1b) salt forms to highlight the role of counterions in affecting the biological activity. We also prepared and tested the corresponding free base (1c). The exchange of the counterions applied to polyguanidino compounds represents an unexplored and challenging field, which required significant efforts for the successful optimization of reliable methods of preparation, also reported in this work. In the end, the biological evaluation revealed a quite similar biological profile for the salt derivatives 1a and 1b and a lower potency was found for the free base 1c. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11030-022-10505-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ardino
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Filomena Sannio
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Carolina Pasero
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Botta
- Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l., Via Vittorio Alfieri 31, 53019, Castelnuovo Berardenga, Italy.,Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo Università s.n.c., 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Jean-Denis Docquier
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy. .,Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l., Via Vittorio Alfieri 31, 53019, Castelnuovo Berardenga, Italy. .,Laboratoire de Bactériologie Moléculaire, Centre d'Ingénierie des Protéines - UR InBioS, University of Liège, Allée du six Août 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Ilaria D'Agostino
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy. .,Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via de Vestini, 31, 66013, Chieti, Italy.
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Guglielmi P, Carradori S, D'Agostino I, Campestre C, Petzer JP. An updated patent review on monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:849-883. [PMID: 35638744 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2083501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors are currently used as antidepressants (selective MAO-A inhibitors) or as co-adjuvants for neurodegenerative diseases (selective MAO-B inhibitors). The research within this field is attracting attention due to their crucial role in the modulation of brain functions, mood and cognitive activity, and monoamine catabolism. AREAS COVERED MAO inhibitors (2018-2021) are discussed according to their chemotypes. Structure-activity relationships are derived for each chemical scaffold (propargylamines, chalcones, indoles, benzimidazoles, (iso)coumarins, (iso)benzofurans, xanthones, and tetralones), while the chemical entities were divided into newly synthesized molecules and natural metabolites. The mechanism of action and type of inhibition are also considered. Lastly, new therapeutic applications are reported, which demonstrates the clinical potential of these inhibitors as well as the possibility of repurposing existing drugs for a variety of diseases. EXPERT OPINION MAO inhibitors here reported exhibit different potencies (from the micro- to nanomolar range) and isoform selectivity. These compounds are clinically licensed for multi-faceted neurodegenerative pathologies due to their ability to also act against other relevant targets (cholinesterases, inflammation, and oxidative stress). Moreover, the drug repurposing approach is an attractive strategy by which MAO inhibitors may be applied for the treatment of prostate cancer, inflammation, vertigo, and type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Guglielmi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Agostino
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Campestre
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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11
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D'Agostino I, Mathew GE, Angelini P, Venanzoni R, Angeles Flores G, Angeli A, Carradori S, Marinacci B, Menghini L, Abdelgawad MA, Ghoneim MM, Mathew B, Supuran CT. Biological investigation of N-methyl thiosemicarbazones as antimicrobial agents and bacterial carbonic anhydrases inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:986-993. [PMID: 35322729 PMCID: PMC8956313 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2055009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The enormous burden of the COVID-19 pandemic in economic and healthcare terms has cast a shadow on the serious threat of antimicrobial resistance, increasing the inappropriate use of antibiotics and shifting the focus of drug discovery programmes from antibacterial and antifungal fields. Thus, there is a pressing need for new antimicrobials involving innovative modes of action (MoAs) to avoid cross-resistance rise. Thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) stand out due to their easy preparation and polypharmacological application, also in infectious diseases. Recently, we reported a small library of TSCs (1–9) that emerged for their non-cytotoxic behaviour. Inspired by their multifaceted activity, we investigated the antibacterial, antifungal, and antidermatophytal profiles of derivatives 1–9, highlighting a new promising research line. Furthermore, the ability of these compounds to inhibit selected microbial and human carbonic anhydrases (CAs) was assessed, revealing their possible involvement in the MoA and a good selectivity index for some derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria D'Agostino
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Paola Angelini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Venanzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Beatrice Marinacci
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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12
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D'Agostino I, Tacconelli S, Bruno A, Contursi A, Mucci L, Hu X, Xie Y, Chakraborty R, Jain K, Sacco A, Zucchelli M, Landolfi R, Dovizio M, Falcone L, Ballerini P, Hwa J, Patrignani P. Low-dose Aspirin prevents hypertension and cardiac fibrosis when thromboxane A 2 is unrestrained. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105744. [PMID: 34182131 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced platelet activation has been reported in patients with essential hypertension and heart failure. The possible contribution of platelet-derived thromboxane (TX)A2 in their pathophysiology remains unclear. We investigated the systemic TXA2 biosynthesis in vivo and gene expression of its receptor TP in 22 essential hypertension patients and a mouse model of salt-sensitive hypertension. The contribution of platelet TXA2 biosynthesis on enhanced blood pressure (BP) and overload-induced cardiac fibrosis was explored in mice by treating with low-dose Aspirin, resulting in selective inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase (COX)-1-dependent TXA2 generation. In essential hypertensive patients, systemic biosynthesis of TXA2 [assessed by measuring its urinary metabolites (TXM) reflecting predominant platelet source] was enhanced together with higher gene expression of circulating leukocyte TP and TGF-β, vs. normotensive controls. Similarly, in hypertensive mice with prostacyclin (PGI2) receptor (IP) deletion (IPKO) fed with a high-salt diet, enhanced urinary TXM, and left ventricular TP overexpression were detected vs. normotensive wildtype (WT) mice. Increased cardiac collagen deposition and profibrotic gene expression (including TGF-β) was found. Low-dose Aspirin administration caused a selective inhibition of platelet TXA2 biosynthesis and mitigated enhanced blood pressure, cardiac fibrosis, and left ventricular profibrotic gene expression in IPKO but not WT mice. Moreover, the number of myofibroblasts and extravasated platelets in the heart was reduced. In cocultures of human platelets and myofibroblasts, platelet TXA2 induced profibrotic gene expression, including TGF-β1. In conclusion, our results support tailoring low-dose Aspirin treatment in hypertensive patients with unconstrained TXA2/TP pathway to reduce blood pressure and prevent early cardiac fibrosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Antifibrotic Agents/pharmacology
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology
- Aspirin/pharmacology
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Platelets/drug effects
- Blood Platelets/metabolism
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Cardiomyopathies/blood
- Cardiomyopathies/etiology
- Cardiomyopathies/pathology
- Cardiomyopathies/prevention & control
- Case-Control Studies
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Essential Hypertension/blood
- Essential Hypertension/complications
- Essential Hypertension/drug therapy
- Essential Hypertension/physiopathology
- Female
- Fibrosis
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Myofibroblasts/drug effects
- Myofibroblasts/metabolism
- Myofibroblasts/pathology
- Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Receptors, Epoprostenol/genetics
- Receptors, Epoprostenol/metabolism
- Receptors, Thromboxane/metabolism
- Thromboxane A2/blood
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria D'Agostino
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Tacconelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Contursi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luciana Mucci
- CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medical Science, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Xiaoyue Hu
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yi Xie
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Raja Chakraborty
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kanika Jain
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Angela Sacco
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirco Zucchelli
- CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Melania Dovizio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenza Falcone
- CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy
| | - John Hwa
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Paola Patrignani
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy.
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13
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Giacchello I, Musumeci F, D'Agostino I, Greco C, Grossi G, Schenone S. Insights into RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Inhibitors as Antiinfluenza Virus Agents. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1068-1090. [PMID: 31942843 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200114115632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza is a seasonal disease that affects millions of people every year and has a significant economic impact. Vaccines are the best strategy to fight this viral pathology, but they are not always available or administrable, prompting the search for antiviral drugs. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) recently emerged as a promising target because of its key role in viral replication and its high conservation among viral strains. DISCUSSION This review presents an overview of the most interesting RdRp inhibitors that have been discussed in the literature since 2000. Compounds already approved or in clinical trials and a selection of inhibitors endowed with different scaffolds are described, along with the main features responsible for their activity. RESULTS RdRp inhibitors are emerging as a new strategy to fight viral infections and the importance of this class of drugs has been confirmed by the FDA approval of baloxavir marboxil in 2018. Despite the complexity of the RdRp machine makes the identification of new compounds a challenging research topic, it is likely that in the coming years, this field will attract the interest of a number of academic and industrial scientists because of the potential strength of this therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Giacchello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Agostino
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Greco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Grossi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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14
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Alberti S, Zhang Q, D'Agostino I, Bruno A, Tacconelli S, Contursi A, Guarnieri S, Dovizio M, Falcone L, Ballerini P, Münch G, Yu Y, Patrignani P. The antiplatelet agent revacept prevents the increase of systemic thromboxane A 2 biosynthesis and neointima hyperplasia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21420. [PMID: 33293599 PMCID: PMC7722842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neointima hyperplasia is a crucial component of restenosis after coronary angioplasty. We have hypothesized that enhanced generation of platelet-derived thromboxane (TX)A2 in response to vascular damage plays a critical role in neointimal hyperplasia and that antiplatelet agents may mitigate it. In cocultures of human platelets and coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMC), we found that platelets induced morphologic changes and enhanced the migration of CASMC. The exposure of platelets to Aspirin [an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1] reduced the generation of TXA2 and prevented the morphological and functional changes induced by platelets in CASMC. Platelet-derived TXA2 induced COX-2 and enhanced prostaglandin (PG)E2 biosynthesis in CASMC, a known mechanism promoting neointimal hyperplasia. COX-2 induction was prevented by different antiplatelet agents, i.e., Aspirin, the TP antagonist SQ29,548, or Revacept (a dimeric soluble GPVI-Fc fusion protein). The administration of the novel antiplatelet agent Revacept to C57BL/6 mice, beginning three days before femoral artery denudation, and continuing up to seven days after injury, prevented the increase of the systemic biosynthesis di TXA2 and reduced femoral artery intima-to-media area and the levels of markers of cell proliferation and macrophage infiltration. Revacept might serve as a therapeutic agent for percutaneous coronary angioplasty and stent implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alberti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.,CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology) (Ex CeSI-MeT), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Ilaria D'Agostino
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.,CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology) (Ex CeSI-MeT), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.,CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology) (Ex CeSI-MeT), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Tacconelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.,CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology) (Ex CeSI-MeT), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Contursi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.,CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology) (Ex CeSI-MeT), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology) (Ex CeSI-MeT), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Melania Dovizio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.,CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology) (Ex CeSI-MeT), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenza Falcone
- CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology) (Ex CeSI-MeT), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology) (Ex CeSI-MeT), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Ying Yu
- Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Paola Patrignani
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy. .,CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology) (Ex CeSI-MeT), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
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15
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Tacconelli S, Contursi A, Falcone L, Mucci M, D'Agostino I, Fullone R, Sacco A, Zucchelli M, Bruno A, Ballerini P, Dovizio M, Patrignani P. Characterization of cyclooxygenase-2 acetylation and prostanoid inhibition by aspirin in cellular systems. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114094. [PMID: 32535107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The most recognized mechanism of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) action, at therapeutic dosing, is the inhibition of prostanoid biosynthesis through the acetylation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-isozymes (COX-1 at serine-529 and COX-2 at serine-516). Whether aspirin, also when given at the low-doses recommended for cardiovascular prevention, reduces the risk of colorectal cancer by affecting COX-2 activity in colorectal adenomatous lesions is still debated. We aimed to develop a direct biomarker of aspirin action on COX-2 by assessing the extent of acetylation of COX-2 at serine-516 using the AQUA strategy, enabling absolute protein quantitation by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We compared the extent of acetylation and the inhibition of prostanoid biosynthesis by ASA using human recombinant COX-2 (hu-COX-2), the human colon cancer cell line HCA-7, isolated human monocytes stimulated with LPS (lipopolysaccharide) or human intestinal epithelial cells stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β. Hu-COX-2 exposed in vitro to an excess of ASA was acetylated by approximately 40-50% associated with the inhibition of COX-2 activity by 80-90%. In the three cell-types expressing COX-2, the extent of COX-2 acetylation and reduction of prostaglandin (PG) E2 biosynthesis by ASA was concentration-dependent with comparable EC50 values (in the low μM range). The maximal % acetylation of COX-2 averaged 80%, at ASA 1000 μM, and was associated with a virtually complete reduction of PGE2 biosynthesis (97%). In conclusion, we have developed a proteomic assay to evaluate the extent of acetylation of COX-2 at serine-516 by aspirin; its use in clinical studies will allow clarifying the mechanism of action of aspirin as anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Tacconelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Contursi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenza Falcone
- CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G.d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy
| | - Matteo Mucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Agostino
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rosa Fullone
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angela Sacco
- CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirco Zucchelli
- CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Melania Dovizio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Patrignani
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy; CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.
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16
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Orofino F, Truglio GI, Fiorucci D, D'Agostino I, Borgini M, Poggialini F, Zamperini C, Dreassi E, Maccari L, Torelli R, Martini C, Bernabei M, Meis JF, Khandelwal NK, Prasad R, Sanguinetti M, Bugli F, Botta M. In vitro characterization, ADME analysis, and histological and toxicological evaluation of BM1, a macrocyclic amidinourea active against azole-resistant Candida strains. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 55:105865. [PMID: 31866465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.105865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida species are one of the most common causes of nosocomial bloodstream infections among the opportunistic fungi. Extensive use of antifungal agents, most of which were launched on the market more than 20 years ago, led to the selection of drug-resistant or even multidrug-resistant fungi. We recently described a novel class of antifungal macrocyclic compounds with an amidinourea moiety that is highly active against azole-resistant Candida strains. OBJECTIVE A compound from this family, BM1, was investigated in terms of in vitro activity against various Candida species, including C. auris isolates, interaction with the ABC transporter, CDR6, and in vivo distribution and safety. METHODS In vitro assays (CYP inhibition, microsomal stability, permeability, spot assays) were used to collect chemical and biological data; animal models (rat) paired with LC-MS analysis were utilised to evaluate in vivo toxicology, pharmacokinetics, and distribution. RESULTS The current research shows BM1 has a low in vivo toxicity profile, affinity for the renal system in rats, and good absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). BM1 also has potent activity against azole-resistant fungal strains, including C. auris isolates and CDR6-overexpressing strains. CONCLUSIONS The results confirmed low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against several Candida species, including preliminary data vs. C. auris. BM1 has good ADME and biochemical characteristics, is suitable and safe for daily administration and is particularly indicated for renal infections. These data indicate BM1 and its derivatives form a novel, promising antifungal class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Orofino
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppina I Truglio
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Diego Fiorucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Agostino
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Borgini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Federica Poggialini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Claudio Zamperini
- Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l., Via Vittorio Alfieri 31, I-53019 Castelnuovo Berardenga, Italy
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Maccari
- Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l., Via Vittorio Alfieri 31, I-53019 Castelnuovo Berardenga, Italy
| | - Riccardo Torelli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Martini
- Istituto di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Micaela Bernabei
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rajendra Prasad
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University, Gurgaon 122413, Haryana, India
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Rome, Italy; Istituto di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bugli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Rome, Italy; Istituto di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy; Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l., Via Vittorio Alfieri 31, I-53019 Castelnuovo Berardenga, Italy; Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, BioLife Science Building, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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17
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Pasero C, D'Agostino I, De Luca F, Zamperini C, Deodato D, Truglio GI, Sannio F, Del Prete R, Ferraro T, Visaggio D, Mancini A, Guglielmi MB, Visca P, Docquier JD, Botta M. Alkyl-guanidine Compounds as Potent Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Agents: Chemical Library Extension and Biological Characterization. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9162-9176. [PMID: 30265809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the increasing of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria represents a serious threat to public health, and the lack of new antibiotics is becoming a global emergency. Therefore, research in antibacterial fields is urgently needed to expand the currently available arsenal of drugs. We have recently reported an alkyl-guanidine derivative (2), characterized by a symmetrical dimeric structure, as a good candidate for further developments, with a high antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. In this study, starting from its chemical scaffold, we synthesized a small library of analogues. Moreover, biological and in vitro pharmacokinetic characterizations were conducted on some selected derivatives, revealing notable properties: broad-spectrum profile, activity against resistant clinical isolates, and appreciable aqueous solubility. Interestingly, 2 seems neither to select for resistant strains nor to macroscopically alter the membranes, but further studies are required to determine the mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Pasero
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy , University of Siena , I-53100 Siena , Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Agostino
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy , University of Siena , I-53100 Siena , Italy
| | - Filomena De Luca
- Department of Medical Biotechnology , University of Siena , I-53100 Siena , Italy
| | - Claudio Zamperini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy , University of Siena , I-53100 Siena , Italy.,Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l. , Via Vittorio Alfieri 31 , I-53019 Castelnuovo Berardenga , Italy
| | - Davide Deodato
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy , University of Siena , I-53100 Siena , Italy
| | - Giuseppina I Truglio
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy , University of Siena , I-53100 Siena , Italy
| | - Filomena Sannio
- Department of Medical Biotechnology , University of Siena , I-53100 Siena , Italy
| | - Rosita Del Prete
- Department of Medical Biotechnology , University of Siena , I-53100 Siena , Italy
| | - Teresa Ferraro
- Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l. , Via Vittorio Alfieri 31 , I-53019 Castelnuovo Berardenga , Italy
| | - Daniela Visaggio
- Department of Sciences , Roma Tre University , Rome 00146 , Italy
| | - Arianna Mancini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy , University of Siena , I-53100 Siena , Italy
| | | | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Sciences , Roma Tre University , Rome 00146 , Italy
| | - Jean-Denis Docquier
- Department of Medical Biotechnology , University of Siena , I-53100 Siena , Italy.,Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l. , Via Vittorio Alfieri 31 , I-53019 Castelnuovo Berardenga , Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy , University of Siena , I-53100 Siena , Italy.,Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l. , Via Vittorio Alfieri 31 , I-53019 Castelnuovo Berardenga , Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine , Temple University , BioLife Science Building, Suite 333, 1900 North 12th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
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18
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Tacconelli S, Dovizio M, Di Francesco L, Meneguzzi A, D'Agostino I, Evangelista V, Manarini S, Capone ML, Grossi L, Porreca E, Di Febbo C, Bruno A, Ballerini P, Levantesi G, Fava C, Minuz P, Patrignani P. Reduced Variability to Aspirin Antiplatelet Effect by the Coadministration of Statins in High-Risk Patients for Cardiovascular Disease. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018; 104:111-119. [PMID: 29574792 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We studied the influence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, previous CV events, and cotreatments with preventive medicines, on residual platelet thromboxane (TX)B2 production in 182 patients chronically treated with enteric coated (EC)-aspirin (100 mg/day). The response to aspirin was also verified by assessing arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation and urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 levels. Residual serum TXB2 levels exceeded the upper limit value for an adequate aspirin response in 14% of individuals. This phenomenon was detected at 12 hours after dosing with aspirin. The coadministration of statins (mostly atorvastatin) was an independent predictor of residual serum TXB2 levels, and the percentage of patients with enhanced values was significantly lower in statin users vs. nonusers. We provide evidence in vitro that atorvastatin reduced residual TXB2 generation by increasing the extent of acetylation of platelet COX-1 by aspirin. In conclusion, the coadministration of statins may counter the mechanisms associated with reduced bioavailability of aspirin detected in some individuals with CV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Tacconelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences
- CeSI-MeT, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Melania Dovizio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences
- CeSI-MeT, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigia Di Francesco
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences
- CeSI-MeT, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandra Meneguzzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Policlinico "G.B. Rossi", Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Agostino
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences
- CeSI-MeT, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Linda Grossi
- CeSI-MeT, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ettore Porreca
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
- SS. Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Bruno
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences
- CeSI-MeT, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- CeSI-MeT, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, della Salute e del Territori, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Cristiano Fava
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Policlinico "G.B. Rossi", Verona, Italy
| | - Pietro Minuz
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Policlinico "G.B. Rossi", Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Patrignani
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences
- CeSI-MeT, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
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19
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Zamperini C, Maccari G, Deodato D, Pasero C, D'Agostino I, Orofino F, De Luca F, Dreassi E, Docquier JD, Botta M. Identification, synthesis and biological activity of alkyl-guanidine oligomers as potent antibacterial agents. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8251. [PMID: 28811659 PMCID: PMC5557985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, the repertoire of clinically effective antibacterials is shrinking due to the rapidly increasing of multi-drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. New chemical classes with innovative mode of action are required to prevent a return to the pre-antibiotic era. We have recently reported the identification of a series of linear guanidine derivatives and their antibacterial properties. A batch of a promising candidate for optimization studies (compound 1) turned out to be a mixture containing two unknown species with a better biological activity than the pure compound. This serendipitous discovery led us to investigate the chemical nature of the unknown components of the mixture. Through MS analysis coupled with design and synthesis we found that the components were spontaneously generated oligomers of the original compound. Preliminary biological evaluations eventually confirmed the broad-spectrum antibacterial activity of this new family of molecules. Interestingly the symmetric dimeric derivative (2) exhibited the best profile and it was selected as lead compound for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zamperini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100, Siena, Italy.,Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l., Via Vittorio Alfieri 31, I-53019, Castelnuovo, Berardenga, Italy
| | - G Maccari
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - D Deodato
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - C Pasero
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - I D'Agostino
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - F Orofino
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - F De Luca
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - E Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - J D Docquier
- Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l., Via Vittorio Alfieri 31, I-53019, Castelnuovo, Berardenga, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - M Botta
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100, Siena, Italy. .,Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l., Via Vittorio Alfieri 31, I-53019, Castelnuovo, Berardenga, Italy. .,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, BioLife Science Building, Suite 333, 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19122, United States of America.
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20
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Moretti R, Zanin A, Pansiot J, Spiri D, Manganozzi L, Kratzer I, Favero G, Vasiljevic A, Rinaldi VE, Pic I, Massano D, D'Agostino I, Baburamani A, La Rocca MA, Rodella LF, Rezzani R, Ek J, Strazielle N, Ghersi-Egea JF, Gressens P, Titomanlio L. Melatonin reduces excitotoxic blood-brain barrier breakdown in neonatal rats. Neuroscience 2015; 311:382-97. [PMID: 26542996 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a complex structure that protects the central nervous system from peripheral insults. Understanding the molecular basis of BBB function and dysfunction holds significant potential for future strategies to prevent and treat neurological damage. The aim of our study was (1) to investigate BBB alterations following excitotoxicity and (2) to test the protective properties of melatonin. Ibotenate, a glutamate analog, was injected intracerebrally in postnatal day 5 (P5) rat pups to mimic excitotoxic injury. Animals were than randomly divided into two groups, one receiving intraperitoneal (i.p.) melatonin injections (5mg/kg), and the other phosphate buffer saline (PBS) injections. Pups were sacrificed 2, 4 and 18 h after ibotenate injection. We determined lesion size at 5 days by histology, the location and organization of tight junction (TJ) proteins by immunohistochemical studies, and BBB leakage by dextran extravasation. Expression levels of BBB genes (TJs, efflux transporters and detoxification enzymes) were determined in the cortex and choroid plexus by quantitative PCR. Dextran extravasation was seen 2h after the insult, suggesting a rapid BBB breakdown that was resolved by 4h. Extravasation was significantly reduced in melatonin-treated pups. Gene expression and immunohistochemical assays showed dynamic BBB modifications during the first 4h, partially prevented by melatonin. Lesion-size measurements confirmed white matter neuroprotection by melatonin. Our study is the first to evaluate BBB structure and function at a very early time point following excitotoxicity in neonates. Melatonin neuroprotects by preventing TJ modifications and BBB disruption at this early phase, before its previously demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and axonal regrowth-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Moretti
- Pediatric Emergency Department, APHP, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France; Inserm, U1141, Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1141, Paris, France; PremUP, Paris, France; Università degli studi di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - A Zanin
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1141, Paris, France; PremUP, Paris, France
| | - J Pansiot
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1141, Paris, France; PremUP, Paris, France
| | - D Spiri
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1141, Paris, France; PremUP, Paris, France
| | - L Manganozzi
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1141, Paris, France; PremUP, Paris, France
| | - I Kratzer
- Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292 - Lyon University, Lyon, France
| | - G Favero
- Section of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Vasiljevic
- Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292 - Lyon University, Lyon, France
| | - V E Rinaldi
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1141, Paris, France; PremUP, Paris, France
| | - I Pic
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1141, Paris, France; PremUP, Paris, France
| | - D Massano
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1141, Paris, France; PremUP, Paris, France
| | - I D'Agostino
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1141, Paris, France; PremUP, Paris, France
| | - A Baburamani
- Perinatal Center, Dept Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M A La Rocca
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1141, Paris, France; PremUP, Paris, France
| | - L F Rodella
- Section of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - R Rezzani
- Section of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - J Ek
- Perinatal Center, Dept Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - N Strazielle
- Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292 - Lyon University, Lyon, France; Brain-i, Lyon, France
| | - J-F Ghersi-Egea
- Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292 - Lyon University, Lyon, France
| | - P Gressens
- Inserm, U1141, Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1141, Paris, France; PremUP, Paris, France; Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - L Titomanlio
- Pediatric Emergency Department, APHP, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France; Inserm, U1141, Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1141, Paris, France; PremUP, Paris, France.
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21
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Lattanzi B, Consolaro A, Trail L, D'Agostino I, Pederzoli S, Vitale R, Malattia C, Buoncompagni A, Loy A, Visconti C, Martini A, Ravelli A. Analysis of ceiling effect and score distribution of outcome measures in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2008. [PMCID: PMC3333904 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-6-s1-p109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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22
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Consolaro A, Ruperto N, Bazso A, Magni-Manzoni S, Pelagatti MA, Pistorio A, Magnani A, Malattia C, D'Agostino I, Filocamo G, Martini A, Ravelli A. Final validation of a new composite disease activity score for juvenile idiopathic arthritis: the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS). Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2008. [PMCID: PMC3333911 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-6-s1-p115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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23
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Molinelli A, Landolfa MC, Rocca G, D'Agostino I, Nardelli E. [Newborn resuscitation: from necessity of continous practice to professional liability]. Minerva Pediatr 2008; 60:411-415. [PMID: 18511893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The immediately postbirth extra uterine adaptation is the most important cause of death in the first two hours of life. In all risky cases, it is necessary to effect efficient and on time techniques of newborn resuscitation, because dubitation or delay may be very dangerous for the infant. In Italy courses of equipment in newborn resuscitation are regularly performed, but an excellent level of technique can be obtained only with continuous daily practice. Then, particularly in little hospitals where it is unusually necessary to act resuscitation on a newborn, courses of simulation for medical and nursering staff would be opportune to prevent neonatal handicap and to deal with the professional liability in the best way. The Italian current jurisprudence, in fact, has slowly confined the application of 2236 article of Civil code about professional liability in particularly difficult efforts. The Italian law asserts that a professional specialist is trained to be able resolve any type of problem among those of his specialistic competence, even if technically very difficult. It should be opportune to train health staff with practical exercises, in order to obtain complete technical skills in all neonatal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Molinelli
- DIMEL - Dipartimento di Medicina Legale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia.
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24
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Mocchi M, D'Agostino I, Catalano I, Gianiorio P, Owens K, Mangini S, Pelagatti M, Poggi E. Optimization of emergency department management of infants with bronchiolitis. Pediatr Med Chir 2007; 29:331-335. [PMID: 18410063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infants < 2 years of age; in the last decades both incidence and hospitalization rate had increased, thus increasing sanitary burden. From November 2006 to March 2007, an experimental protocol was followed in the Emergency Department at G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy, which attempted to optimise the management of patients with bronchiolitis and to reduce the overall hospitalization rate therefore admitting only those patients with severe illness. All clinical evaluations of the patients were obtained administering a score (Bronchiolitis Clinical Score - BCS), to quantify both initial severity of illness and response to treatment. All patient were at first treated with inhaled epinephrine, supplemented with or substituted by other drugs, if needed, according to clinical evolution. Moreover, strict admission and discharge criteria were defined, taking into consideration the BCS, response to treatment and the presence of risk factors for severe disease, attempting to increase the role of the Short Stay Unit (SSU). The outcome evaluated were the percentage of patients discharged, admitted and managed through the SSU respectively, the length of stay and the readmission rate after discharge; data collected were then compared to that regarding patients with bronchiolitis presented at the ED from November 2005 to March 2006. Our data showed an increasing of both discharged patients (37.5% vs 25.22%) and patients managed through the SSU (25.83% vs 19.57%) and a related decrease of hospitalization (36.67% vs 55.22%); no significative difference was observed regarding the readmission rate between the two populations. We also observed a statistically significant reduction of the length of stay in the study population (2.07 +/- 2.56 vs 2.84 +/- 3.25, p = 0.005). In conclusion, the protocol proposed showed to be useful in optimizing the ED management of the patient with bronchiolitis, being able to safely reduce both admission rate and lenght of stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mocchi
- Emergency Room and Emergency Medicine Division, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa.
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25
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Ippoliti R, Ginobbi P, Lendaro E, D'Agostino I, Ombres D, Benedetti PA, Brunori M, Citro G. The effect of monensin and chloroquine on the endocytosis and toxicity of chimeric toxins. Cell Mol Life Sci 1998; 54:866-75. [PMID: 9760993 DOI: 10.1007/s000180050214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity of two conjugates containing ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs, i.e. saporin and ricin-A chain x-linked to transferrin) has been measured on a prostatic cancer line (PC3) naturally overexpressing the transferrin receptor, in the presence of monensin and chloroquine. This paper investigates whether the increased toxicity of Tf-RIPs induced by monensin and chloroquine may be due to alterations of the normal endocytotic pathway of the complexes mediated by the transferrin receptor. Monensin, besides inducing alkalinization of normally acid intracellular compartments, causes an accumulation of the receptor-bound Tf-RIP in a perinuclear region contiguous to the cisternae of the trans-Golgi network. Chloroquine, though increasing the intracellular pH, seems not to modify the endocytotic pathway of these chimeric molecules. We believe that the enhanced toxicity of the Tf-RIPs may be related to intracellular alkalinization (i.e., endosomal or lysosomal pH) rather than to the effects on the recycling of transferrin receptor-bound toxins. We conclude that the efficacy of chimeric toxins may be modulated not only by the carrier used for their engineering but also by addition of drugs able to influence the stability and activation of the toxins inside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ippoliti
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi-Fanelli, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy.
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26
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Sarti P, Ginobbi P, D'Agostino I, Arancia G, Lendaro E, Molinari A, Ippoliti R, Citro G. Liposomal targeting of leukaemia HL60 cells induced by transferrin-receptor endocytosis. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 1996; 24:269-76. [PMID: 8969457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A liposomal carrier system able to interact specifically with HL60 leukaemia cells was produced using small unilamellar liposomes made of pure phospholipids chemically cross-linked to human transferrin. The conjugation of transferrin to liposomes was carried out using N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)-propionate and 2-iminothiolane as activating agents for the liposomes and the protein. The reaction occurred under conditions set to covalently link on the surface of a single vesicle a limited number (one to ten) of transferrin molecules, as verified by means of electron microscopy and immunoenzymic measurements. Before conjugation, the ultrastructure of the liposomes, and the content and distribution of the amino groups within the bilayer, were determined. The reactivity of the liposomes towards amino-derivatizing or thiolating compounds was also measured. Kinetic spectroscopic measurements confirmed that the distribution of the phosphatidylethanolamine in the vesicle bilayer is asymmetrical: 22% of phosphatidylethanolamine was found exposed to the external surface of the liposomes and accessible to the cross-linker. The modified liposomes were able to interact specifically with the cells and to be internalized by active receptor-mediated endocytosis, as demonstrated by the full inhibition of internalization induced by free transferrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sarti
- Istituto di Chimica Biologica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Italy
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27
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Ippoliti R, Lendaro E, D'Agostino I, Fiani ML, Guidarini D, Vestri S, Benedetti PA, Brunori M. A chimeric saporin-transferrin conjugate compared to ricin toxin: role of the carrier in intracellular transport and toxicity. FASEB J 1995; 9:1220-5. [PMID: 7672515 DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.9.12.7672515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Human transferrin (Tf) and saporin-6 (Sap), a ribosome inactivating protein from Saponaria officinalis, were chemically conjugated: the reaction generated two chimeras (called Tf-Sap) that proved to be cytotoxic to HepG2 cells. Electrophoretic and chromatographic analysis revealed that the two conjugates contained saporin and Tf in a 2:1 or 1:1 molar ratio (140 and 110 KDa, respectively). Free saporin is essentially nontoxic, whereas Tf-Sap efficiently kills HepG2 cells, although its ID50 (= 6 nM) is 1000-fold greater than that of ricin. Intracellular transport of these toxins was followed by in vivo fluorescence video microscopy, preparing the conjugates starting from rhodamine isothiocyanate-labeled saporin. Image analysis of living HepG2 cells exposed to fluorescent Tf-Sap revealed that the endocytotic pathway involving passage through secondary endosomes is dictated by Tf and is different from that of ricin (the dimeric toxin from Ricinus communis), which is delivered to the Golgi apparatus, the probable site of activation. We discuss whether differences in toxicity between ricin and Tf-Sap can be attributed to the different mechanisms of transport and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ippoliti
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Italy
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