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Hashem M, Mohandesi Khosroshahi E, Aliahmady M, Ghanei M, Soofi Rezaie Y, alsadat Jafari Y, rezaei F, Khodaparast eskadehi R, Kia Kojoori K, jamshidian F, Nabavi N, Rashidi M, Hasani Sadi F, Taheriazam A, Entezari M. Non-coding RNA transcripts, incredible modulators of cisplatin chemo-resistance in bladder cancer through operating a broad spectrum of cellular processes and signaling mechanism. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:560-582. [PMID: 38515791 PMCID: PMC10955558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a highly frequent neoplasm in correlation with significant rate of morbidity, mortality, and cost. The onset of BC is predominantly triggered by environmental and/or occupational exposures to carcinogens, such as tobacco. There are two distinct pathways by which BC can be developed, including non-muscle-invasive papillary tumors (NMIBC) and non-papillary (or solid) muscle-invasive tumors (MIBC). The Cancer Genome Atlas project has further recognized key genetic drivers of MIBC along with its subtypes with particular properties and therapeutic responses; nonetheless, NMIBC is the predominant BC presentation among the suffering individuals. Radical cystoprostatectomy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have been verified to be the common therapeutic interventions in metastatic tumors, among which chemotherapeutics are more conventionally utilized. Although multiple chemo drugs have been broadly administered for BC treatment, cisplatin is reportedly the most effective chemo drug against the corresponding malignancy. Notwithstanding, tumor recurrence is usually occurred following the consumption of cisplatin regimens, particularly due to the progression of chemo-resistant trait. In this framework, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), as abundant RNA transcripts arise from the human genome, are introduced to serve as crucial contributors to tumor expansion and cisplatin chemo-resistance in bladder neoplasm. In the current review, we first investigated the best-known ncRNAs, i.e. microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), correlated with cisplatin chemo-resistance in BC cells and tissues. We noticed that these ncRNAs could mediate the BC-related cisplatin-resistant phenotype through diverse cellular processes and signaling mechanisms, reviewed here. Eventually, diagnostic and prognostic potential of ncRNAs, as well as their therapeutic capabilities were highlighted in regard to BC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashem
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Mohandesi Khosroshahi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Aliahmady
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morvarid Ghanei
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasamin Soofi Rezaie
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasamin alsadat Jafari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh rezaei
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramtin Khodaparast eskadehi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Kia Kojoori
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - faranak jamshidian
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Hasani Sadi
- General Practitioner, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616913555, Iran
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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EMT Molecular Signatures of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113645. [PMID: 36362433 PMCID: PMC9657865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are relatively rare neoplasms occurring predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. Their heterogeneity poses challenges for diagnosis and treatment. There is a paucity of markers for characterisation of NEN tumours. For routine diagnosis, immunohistochemistry of the NEN-specific markers CgA and synaptophysin and the proliferation marker Ki-67 are used. These parameters, however, are qualitative and lack the capacity to fully define the tumour phenotype. Molecules of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) are potential candidates for improved tumour characterisation. Using qRT-PCR, we measured mRNA levels of 27 tumour markers, including 25 EMT-associated markers, in tumour tissue and matched non-tumour tissues for 13 patients with pancreatic NENs. Tissue from patients with three different grades of tumour had distinctly different mRNA profiles. Of the 25 EMT-associated markers analysed, 17 were higher in G3 tissue relative to matched non-tumour tissue, including CD14, CD24, CD31, CD44, CD45, CD56, CK6, CK7, CK13, CK20, NSE, CDX2, CgA, DAXX, PCNA, laminin and Ki-67. The differences in levels of seven EMT-associated markers, Ki-67, DAXX, CD24, CD44, vimentin, laminin and PDX1 plus CgA and NSE (neuroendocrine markers) enabled a distinct molecular signature for each tumour grade to be generated. EMT molecules differentially expressed in three tumour grades have potential for use in tumour stratification and prognostication and as therapeutic targets for treatment of neuroendocrine cancers, following validation with additional samples.
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Ferguson AM, Rubin MA. Lineage plasticity in prostate cancer: Looking beyond intrinsic alterations. Cancer Lett 2022; 548:215901. [PMID: 36075486 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Emergence of small cell prostate cancer is linked to the plasticity of tumour cells and avoidance of environmental pressures. This process is thought to be reversable, however to-date evidence of this has been demonstrated in small-cell prostate cancer. To study the plasticity of prostate tumours, we look to clinical cohorts of patients covering the spectra of malignancy subtypes and utilise in vitro and in vivo models of disease progression. Current models have assisted in the understanding of the extremities of this plasticity, elucidating internal mechanisms and adaptations to stressors through transition to altered cell states. By interrogating the tumour microenvironment and earlier time points, we are beginning to form a deeper understanding of the full spectra of tumour plasticity. It could be proffered that this deeper understanding will lead to better patient outcome, with earlier interventions more likely to reverse plasticity and prevent trans-differentiation to the aggressive, small cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Ferguson
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, 3008, Switzerland
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, 3008, Switzerland; Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, 3008, Switzerland.
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Palicelli A, Croci S, Bisagni A, Zanetti E, De Biase D, Melli B, Sanguedolce F, Ragazzi M, Zanelli M, Chaux A, Cañete-Portillo S, Bonasoni MP, Soriano A, Ascani S, Zizzo M, Castro Ruiz C, De Leo A, Giordano G, Landriscina M, Carrieri G, Cormio L, Berney DM, Gandhi J, Nicoli D, Farnetti E, Santandrea G, Bonacini M. What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 5: Epigenetic Regulation of PD-L1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12314. [PMID: 34830196 PMCID: PMC8619683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations (including DNA methylation or miRNAs) influence oncogene/oncosuppressor gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Prostate cancer (PC) displays a complex genetic and epigenetic regulation of cell-growth pathways and tumor progression. We performed a systematic literature review (following PRISMA guidelines) focused on the epigenetic regulation of PD-L1 expression in PC. In PC cell lines, CpG island methylation of the CD274 promoter negatively regulated PD-L1 expression. Histone modifiers also influence the PD-L1 transcription rate: the deletion or silencing of the histone modifiers MLL3/MML1 can positively regulate PD-L1 expression. Epigenetic drugs (EDs) may be promising in reprogramming tumor cells, reversing epigenetic modifications, and cancer immune evasion. EDs promoting a chromatin-inactive transcriptional state (such as bromodomain or p300/CBP inhibitors) downregulated PD-L1, while EDs favoring a chromatin-active state (i.e., histone deacetylase inhibitors) increased PD-L1 expression. miRNAs can regulate PD-L1 at a post-transcriptional level. miR-195/miR-16 were negatively associated with PD-L1 expression and positively correlated to longer biochemical recurrence-free survival; they also enhanced the radiotherapy efficacy in PC cell lines. miR-197 and miR-200a-c positively correlated to PD-L1 mRNA levels and inversely correlated to the methylation of PD-L1 promoter in a large series. miR-570, miR-34a and miR-513 may also be involved in epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Palicelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Stefania Croci
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Alessandra Bisagni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Eleonora Zanetti
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Dario De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Beatrice Melli
- Fertility Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | | | - Moira Ragazzi
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Magda Zanelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Alcides Chaux
- Department of Scientific Research, School of Postgraduate Studies, Norte University, Asunción 1614, Paraguay;
| | - Sofia Cañete-Portillo
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Maria Paola Bonasoni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Alessandra Soriano
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Gastroenterology Division, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefano Ascani
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy;
- Haematopathology Unit, CREO, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zizzo
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Carolina Castro Ruiz
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Antonio De Leo
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL Bologna, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Guido Giordano
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Carrieri
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Luigi Cormio
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Daniel M. Berney
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 5PZ, UK;
| | - Jatin Gandhi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Davide Nicoli
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (D.N.); (E.F.)
| | - Enrico Farnetti
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (D.N.); (E.F.)
| | - Giacomo Santandrea
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | - Martina Bonacini
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.B.)
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Zhang DY, Monteiro MJ, Liu JP, Gu WY. Mechanisms of cancer stem cell senescence: Current understanding and future perspectives. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1185-1202. [PMID: 34046925 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population of heterogeneous tumor cells with the capacity of self-renewal and aberrant differentiation for immortality and divergent lineages of cancer cells. In contrast to bulky tumor cells, CSCs remain less differentiated and resistant to therapy even when targeted with tissue-specific antigenic markers. This makes CSCs responsible for not only tumor initiation, development, but also tumor recurrence. Emerging evidence suggests that CSCs can undergo cell senescence, a non-proliferative state of cells in response to stress. While cell senescence attenuates tumor cell proliferation, it is commonly regarded as a tumor suppressive mechanism. However, mounting research indicates that CSC senescence also provides these cells with the capacity to evade cytotoxic effects from cancer therapy, exacerbating cancer relapse and metastasis. Recent studies demonstrate that senescence drives reprogramming of cancer cell toward stemness and promotes CSC generation. In this review, we highlight the origin, heterogeneity and senescence regulatory mechanisms of CSCs, the complex relationship between CSC senescence and tumor therapy, and the recent beneficial effects of senotherapy on eliminating senescent tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael J Monteiro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jun-Ping Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Prahran, Vic, Australia
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Wen-Yi Gu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Functional Implications of the Dynamic Regulation of EpCAM during Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070956. [PMID: 34209658 PMCID: PMC8301972 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in epithelial tissues. EpCAM forms intercellular, homophilic adhesions, modulates epithelial junctional protein complex formation, and promotes epithelial tissue homeostasis. EpCAM is a target of molecular therapies and plays a prominent role in tumor biology. In this review, we focus on the dynamic regulation of EpCAM expression during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the functional implications of EpCAM expression on the regulation of EMT. EpCAM is frequently and highly expressed in epithelial cancers, while silenced in mesenchymal cancers. During EMT, EpCAM expression is downregulated by extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and EMT transcription factors, as well as by regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). The functional impact of EpCAM expression on tumor biology is frequently dependent on the cancer type and predominant oncogenic signaling pathways, suggesting that the role of EpCAM in tumor biology and EMT is multifunctional. Membrane EpCAM is cleaved in cancers and its intracellular domain (EpICD) is transported into the nucleus and binds β-catenin, FHL2, and LEF1. This stimulates gene transcription that promotes growth, cancer stem cell properties, and EMT. EpCAM is also regulated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and the EpCAM ectoderm (EpEX) is an EGFR ligand that affects EMT. EpCAM is expressed on circulating tumor and cancer stem cells undergoing EMT and modulates metastases and cancer treatment responses. Future research exploring EpCAM’s role in EMT may reveal additional therapeutic opportunities.
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Arrighetti N, Beretta GL. miRNAs as Therapeutic Tools and Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:380. [PMID: 33805590 PMCID: PMC7999286 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the fifth cause of tumor-related deaths in man worldwide. Despite the considerable improvement in the clinical management of PCa, several limitations emerged both in the screening for early diagnosis and in the medical treatment. The use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening resulted in patients' overtreatment and the standard therapy of patients suffering from locally advanced/metastatic tumors (e.g., radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, and androgen deprivation therapy) showed time-limited efficacy with patients undergoing progression toward the lethal metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC). Although valuable alternative therapeutic options have been recently proposed (e.g., docetaxel, cabazitaxel, abiraterone, enzalutamide, and sipuleucel-T), mCRPC remains incurable. Based on this background, there is an urgent need to identify new and more accurate prostate-specific biomarkers for PCa diagnosis and prognosis and to develop innovative medical approaches to counteract mCRPC. In this context, microRNA (miRNAs) emerged as potential biomarkers in prostate tissues and biological fluids and appeared to be promising therapeutic targets/tools for cancer therapy. Here we overview the recent literature and summarize the achievements of using miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets/tools for fighting PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Luca Beretta
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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Chung I, Zhou K, Barrows C, Banyard J, Wilson A, Rummel N, Mizokami A, Basu S, Sengupta P, Shaikh B, Sengupta S, Bielenberg DR, Zetter BR. Unbiased Phenotype-Based Screen Identifies Therapeutic Agents Selective for Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:594141. [PMID: 33738243 PMCID: PMC7962607 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.594141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In American men, prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Dissemination of prostate cancer cells to distant organs significantly worsens patients' prognosis, and currently there are no effective treatment options that can cure advanced-stage prostate cancer. In an effort to identify compounds selective for metastatic prostate cancer cells over benign prostate cancer cells or normal prostate epithelial cells, we applied a phenotype-based in vitro drug screening method utilizing multiple prostate cancer cell lines to test 1,120 different compounds from a commercial drug library. Top drug candidates were then examined in multiple mouse xenograft models including subcutaneous tumor growth, experimental lung metastasis, and experimental bone metastasis assays. A subset of compounds including fenbendazole, fluspirilene, clofazimine, niclosamide, and suloctidil showed preferential cytotoxicity and apoptosis towards metastatic prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The bioavailability of the most discerning agents, especially fenbendazole and albendazole, was improved by formulating as micelles or nanoparticles. The enhanced forms of fenbendazole and albendazole significantly prolonged survival in mice bearing metastases, and albendazole-treated mice displayed significantly longer median survival times than paclitaxel-treated mice. Importantly, these drugs effectively targeted taxane-resistant tumors and bone metastases - two common clinical conditions in patients with aggressive prostate cancer. In summary, we find that metastatic prostate tumor cells differ from benign prostate tumor cells in their sensitivity to certain drug classes. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that albendazole, an anthelmintic medication, may represent a potential adjuvant or neoadjuvant to standard therapy in the treatment of disseminated prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Chung
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kun Zhou
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Courtney Barrows
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jacqueline Banyard
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Arianne Wilson
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nathan Rummel
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Atsushi Mizokami
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Sudipta Basu
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Poulomi Sengupta
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Badaruddin Shaikh
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Shiladitya Sengupta
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Diane R. Bielenberg
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bruce R. Zetter
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Dastmalchi N, Baradaran B, Banan Khojasteh SM, Hosseinpourfeizi M, Safaralizadeh R. miR-424: A novel potential therapeutic target and prognostic factor in malignancies. Cell Biol Int 2020; 45:720-730. [PMID: 33325141 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs are endogenous, noncoding RNAs. Showing both tumor-suppressive and oncogenic characteristics, miRNAs can regulate important processes in malignancies. This review aimed at highlighting the recent studies on the contribution of miR-424 to the modulation of carcinogenesis and exploring its probable clinical effectiveness in the diagnosis and therapy of malignancies. The data were extracted from all papers published from 2013 until 2020. Mature miR-424 leads to the degradation of its target transcripts or the suppression of translation via binding to the molecular targets. miR-424 is involved in modulating p53, PI3K/Akt, Wnt, and other molecular pathways, thereby regulating cellular growth, apoptosis, differentiation, chemoresistance, and cancer immunity. miR-424 was introduced as a tumor-suppressive miR in numerous types of cancers while as an oncogene in several cancers. Regarding the cancer dependent role of miR-424, it may be a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker and a potential candidate for the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Dastmalchi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Mulhall D, Khoshgoo N, Visser R, Iwasiow B, Day C, Zhu F, Eastwood P, Keijzer R. miR-200 family expression during normal and abnormal lung development due to congenital diaphragmatic hernia at the later embryonic stage in the nitrofen rat model. Pediatr Surg Int 2020; 36:1429-1436. [PMID: 33048239 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-020-04757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a life-threatening disease associated with pulmonary hypoplasia. CDH occurs approximately 1 in every 2000-3000 live births, and the pathophysiology is unknown. MicroRNAs are short, non-coding RNAs that control gene expression through post-transcriptional regulation. Based on our previous work, we hypothesized that the miR-200 family is differentially expressed in normal and abnormal lung development. We aimed to examine the expression of the miR-200 family during normal and hypoplastic lung development due to CDH. METHODS We performed reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to study the expression levels and distribution of the miR-200 family members on embryonic day 21 (E21) rat control and nitrofen-induced hypoplastic CDH lungs. RESULTS RT-qPCR showed up-regulation of miR-200a in hypoplastic CDH lungs. FISH showed contrasting expression patterns for miR- 200a, miR-200c, and miR-429 between control and hypoplastic CDH lungs, while we could not detect miR-141 in control and hypoplastic CDH lungs. CONCLUSION We demonstrate a specific expression pattern of miR-200 family members in hypoplastic CDH lungs different from control lungs. This study suggests that disruption of miR-200 family expression plays a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypoplasia associated with CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Mulhall
- Biology of Breathing Group, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics and Child Health, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Naghmeh Khoshgoo
- Biology of Breathing Group, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics and Child Health, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Robin Visser
- Biology of Breathing Group, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics and Child Health, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Barbara Iwasiow
- Biology of Breathing Group, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics and Child Health, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Chelsea Day
- Biology of Breathing Group, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics and Child Health, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Fuqin Zhu
- Biology of Breathing Group, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics and Child Health, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Patrice Eastwood
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Organ Systems, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Richard Keijzer
- Biology of Breathing Group, The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics and Child Health, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Thorlakson Chair in Surgical Research, AE402 Harry Medovy House, 671 William Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0Z2, Canada.
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11
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Song B, Cha Y, Ko S, Jeon J, Lee N, Seo H, Park KJ, Lee IH, Lopes C, Feitosa M, Luna MJ, Jung JH, Kim J, Hwang D, Cohen BM, Teicher MH, Leblanc P, Carter BS, Kordower JH, Bolshakov VY, Kong SW, Schweitzer JS, Kim KS. Human autologous iPSC-derived dopaminergic progenitors restore motor function in Parkinson's disease models. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:904-920. [PMID: 31714896 DOI: 10.1172/jci130767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with loss of striatal dopamine, secondary to degeneration of midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons in the substantia nigra, rendering cell transplantation a promising therapeutic strategy. To establish human induced pluripotent stem cell-based (hiPSC-based) autologous cell therapy, we report a platform of core techniques for the production of mDA progenitors as a safe and effective therapeutic product. First, by combining metabolism-regulating microRNAs with reprogramming factors, we developed a method to more efficiently generate clinical-grade iPSCs, as evidenced by genomic integrity and unbiased pluripotent potential. Second, we established a "spotting"-based in vitro differentiation methodology to generate functional and healthy mDA cells in a scalable manner. Third, we developed a chemical method that safely eliminates undifferentiated cells from the final product. Dopaminergic cells thus express high levels of characteristic mDA markers, produce and secrete dopamine, and exhibit electrophysiological features typical of mDA cells. Transplantation of these cells into rodent models of PD robustly restores motor function and reinnervates host brain, while showing no evidence of tumor formation or redistribution of the implanted cells. We propose that this platform is suitable for the successful implementation of human personalized autologous cell therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- Department of Psychiatry and.,Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Young Cha
- Department of Psychiatry and.,Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sanghyeok Ko
- Department of Psychiatry and.,Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeha Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry and.,Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nayeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and.,Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hyemyung Seo
- Department of Psychiatry and.,Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | | | - In-Hee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics.,Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, and
| | - Claudia Lopes
- Department of Psychiatry and.,Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melissa Feitosa
- Department of Psychiatry and.,Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - María José Luna
- Department of Psychiatry and.,Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jin Hyuk Jung
- Department of Psychiatry and.,Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jisun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and.,Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Dabin Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry and.,Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Pierre Leblanc
- Department of Psychiatry and.,Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bob S Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Kordower
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Sek Won Kong
- Department of Pediatrics.,Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, and
| | - Jeffrey S Schweitzer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kwang-Soo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and.,Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Yu M, Ozaki T, Sun D, Xing H, Wei B, An J, Yang J, Gao Y, Liu S, Kong C, Zhu Y. HIF-1α-dependent miR-424 induction confers cisplatin resistance on bladder cancer cells through down-regulation of pro-apoptotic UNC5B and SIRT4. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:108. [PMID: 32522234 PMCID: PMC7285474 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Chemo-resistance of bladder cancer has been considered to be one of the serious issues to be solved. In this study, we revealed pivotal role of miR-424 in the regulation of CDDP sensitivity of bladder cancer cells. Methods The cytotoxicity of cisplatin and effect of miR-424 were assessed by flow cytometry and TUNEL. Transcriptional regulation of miR-424 by HIF-1α was assessed by Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Effect of miR-424 on expression of UNC5B, SIRT4 (Sirtuin4) and apoptotic markers was measured by QRT-PCR and/or Western blot. The regulation of miR-424 for UNC5B and SIRT4 were tested by luciferase reporter assay. The 5637-inoculated nude mice xenograft model was used for the in vivo study. The clinical significance of miR-424 was demonstrated mainly through data mining and statistical analysis of TCGA. Results In this study, we have found for the first time that cisplatin (CDDP) induces the expression of miR-424 in a HIF-1α-dependent manner under normoxia, and miR-424 plays a vital role in the regulation of CDDP resistance of bladder cancer cells in vitro. Mechanistically, we have found that UNC5B and SIRT4 are the direct downstream target genes of miR-424. CDDP-mediated suppression of xenograft bladder tumor growth was prohibited by the addition of miR-424, whereas ectopic expression of UNC5B or SIRT4 partially restored miR-424-dependent decrease in CDDP sensitivity of bladder cancer 5637 and T24 cells. Moreover, knockdown of UNC5B or SIRT4 prohibited CDDP-mediated proteolytic cleavage of PARP and also decreased CDDP sensitivity of these cells. Consistently, the higher expression levels of miR-424 were closely associated with the poor clinical outcome of the bladder cancer patients. There existed a clear inverse relationship between the expression levels of miR-424 and pro-apoptotic UNC5B or SIRT4 in bladder cancer tissues. Conclusions Collectively, our current results strongly suggest that miR-424 tightly participates in the acquisition/maintenance of CDDP-resistant phenotype of bladder cancer cells through down-regulation of its targets UNC5B and SIRT4, and thus combination chemotherapy of CDDP plus HIF-1α/miR-424 inhibition might have a significant impact on hypoxic as well as normoxic bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yu
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.,Department of Reproductive Biology and Transgenic Animal, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Toshinori Ozaki
- Department of DNA Damage Signaling, Research Center, The 5th Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361101, Fujian, China
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Haotian Xing
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Baojun Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Jun An
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Jieping Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shuangjie Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Chuize Kong
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yuyan Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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13
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Jin W, Fei X, Wang X, Song Y, Chen F. Detection and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer Using Blood-Based Biomarkers. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8730608. [PMID: 32454797 PMCID: PMC7218965 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8730608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is second only to lung cancer as a cause of death. Clinical assessment of patients and treatment efficiency therefore depend on the disease being diagnosed as early as possible. However, due to issues regarding the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for screening purposes, PCa management is among the most contentious of healthcare matters. PSA screening is problematic primarily because of diagnosis difficulties and the high rate of false-positive biopsies. Novel PCa biomarkers, such as the Prostate Health Index (PHI) and the 4Kscore, have been proposed in recent times to improve PSA prediction accuracy and have shown higher performance by preventing redundant biopsies. The 4Kscore also shows high precision in determining the risk of developing high-grade PCa, whereas elevated PHI levels suggest that the tumor is aggressive. Some evidence also supports the effectiveness of miRNAs as biomarkers for distinguishing PCa from benign prostatic hyperplasia and for assessing the aggressiveness of the disease. A number of miRNAs that possibly act as tumor inhibitors or oncogenes are impaired in PCa. These new biomarkers are comprehensively reviewed in the present study in terms of their potential use in diagnosing and treating PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jin
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiang Fei
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fangjie Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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14
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Cochetti G, Rossi de Vermandois JA, Maulà V, Giulietti M, Cecati M, Del Zingaro M, Cagnani R, Suvieri C, Paladini A, Mearini E. Role of miRNAs in prostate cancer: Do we really know everything? Urol Oncol 2020; 38:623-635. [PMID: 32284256 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many different genetic alterations, as well as complex epigenetic interactions, are the basis of the genesis and progression of prostate cancer (CaP). This is the reason why until now the molecular pathways related to development of this cancer were only partly known, and even less those that determine aggressive or indolent tumour behaviour. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of about 22 nucleotides long, small non-coding RNAs, which are involved in gene expression regulation at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNAs play a crucial role in regulating several biological functions and preserving homeostasis, as they carry out a wide modulatory activity on various molecular signalling pathways. MiRNA genes are placed in cancer-related genomic regions or in fragile sites, and they have been proven to be involved in the main steps of carcinogenesis as oncogenes or oncosuppressors in many types of cancer, including CaP. We performed a narrative review to describe the relationship between miRNAs and the crucial steps of development and progression of CaP. The aims of this study were to improve the knowledge regarding the mechanisms underlying miRNA expression and their target genes, and to contribute to understanding the relationship between miRNA expression profiles and CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cochetti
- Division of Urology Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Vincenza Maulà
- Biotechnology Laboratory in Urology, Division of Urology Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo Giulietti
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Monia Cecati
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Michele Del Zingaro
- Division of Urology Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rosy Cagnani
- Biotechnology Laboratory in Urology, Division of Urology Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Suvieri
- Biotechnology Laboratory in Urology, Division of Urology Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessio Paladini
- Division of Urology Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Ettore Mearini
- Division of Urology Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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15
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Labbé M, Hoey C, Ray J, Potiron V, Supiot S, Liu SK, Fradin D. microRNAs identified in prostate cancer: Correlative studies on response to ionizing radiation. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:63. [PMID: 32293453 PMCID: PMC7087366 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most frequently diagnosed non-skin cancer in men and a leading cause of cancer-related death, understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive treatment resistance in prostate cancer poses a significant clinical need. Radiotherapy is one of the most widely used treatments for prostate cancer, along with surgery, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. However, inherent radioresistance of tumor cells can reduce local control and ultimately lead to poor patient outcomes, such as recurrence, metastasis and death. The underlying mechanisms of radioresistance have not been fully elucidated, but it has been suggested that miRNAs play a critical role. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression in every signaling pathway of the cell, with one miRNA often having multiple targets. By fine-tuning gene expression, miRNAs are important players in modulating DNA damage response, cell death, tumor aggression and the tumor microenvironment, and can ultimately affect a tumor's response to radiotherapy. Furthermore, much interest has focused on miRNAs found in biofluids and their potential utility in various clinical applications. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on miRNA deregulation after irradiation and the associated functional outcomes, with a focus on prostate cancer. In addition, we discuss the utility of circulating miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers to diagnose, predict response to treatment, and prognosticate patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Labbé
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Christianne Hoey
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Ray
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincent Potiron
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de L'Ouest René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Stéphane Supiot
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de L'Ouest René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Stanley K Liu
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Delphine Fradin
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.
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16
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Siemer S, Wünsch D, Khamis A, Lu Q, Scherberich A, Filippi M, Krafft MP, Hagemann J, Weiss C, Ding GB, Stauber RH, Gribko A. Nano Meets Micro-Translational Nanotechnology in Medicine: Nano-Based Applications for Early Tumor Detection and Therapy. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020383. [PMID: 32098406 PMCID: PMC7075286 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have great potential for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells of solid tumor origin entering the peripheral blood after detachment from a primary tumor. The occurrence and circulation of CTCs are accepted as a prerequisite for the formation of metastases, which is the major cause of cancer-associated deaths. Due to their clinical significance CTCs are intensively discussed to be used as liquid biopsy for early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. However, there are substantial challenges for the clinical use of CTCs based on their extreme rarity and heterogeneous biology. Therefore, methods for effective isolation and detection of CTCs are urgently needed. With the rapid development of nanotechnology and its wide applications in the biomedical field, researchers have designed various nano-sized systems with the capability of CTCs detection, isolation, and CTCs-targeted cancer therapy. In the present review, we summarize the underlying mechanisms of CTC-associated tumor metastasis, and give detailed information about the unique properties of CTCs that can be harnessed for their effective analytical detection and enrichment. Furthermore, we want to give an overview of representative nano-systems for CTC isolation, and highlight recent achievements in microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip technologies. We also emphasize the recent advances in nano-based CTCs-targeted cancer therapy. We conclude by critically discussing recent CTC-based nano-systems with high therapeutic and diagnostic potential as well as their biocompatibility as a practical example of applied nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Siemer
- Nanobiomedicine Department, University Medical Center Mainz/ENT, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Désirée Wünsch
- Nanobiomedicine Department, University Medical Center Mainz/ENT, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Aya Khamis
- Nanobiomedicine Department, University Medical Center Mainz/ENT, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Qiang Lu
- Nanobiomedicine Department, University Medical Center Mainz/ENT, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Arnaud Scherberich
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Universitätspital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland (M.F.)
| | - Miriam Filippi
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Universitätspital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland (M.F.)
| | - Marie Pierre Krafft
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Jan Hagemann
- Nanobiomedicine Department, University Medical Center Mainz/ENT, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Weiss
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Guo-Bin Ding
- Institute for Biotechnology, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, 030006 Taiyuan, China
| | - Roland H. Stauber
- Nanobiomedicine Department, University Medical Center Mainz/ENT, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Biotechnology, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, 030006 Taiyuan, China
- Correspondence: (R.H.S.); (A.G.); Tel.: +49-6131-176030 (A.G.)
| | - Alena Gribko
- Nanobiomedicine Department, University Medical Center Mainz/ENT, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.H.S.); (A.G.); Tel.: +49-6131-176030 (A.G.)
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Ding J, Zhang L, Chen S, Cao H, Xu C, Wang X. lncRNA CCAT2 Enhanced Resistance of Glioma Cells Against Chemodrugs by Disturbing the Normal Function of miR-424. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1431-1445. [PMID: 32110042 PMCID: PMC7034969 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s227831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aggressive metastasis of tumor cells assumed a constructive role in strengthening chemoresistance of tumors, so this investigation was intended to elucidate if lncRNA CCAT2 sponging downstream miR-424 regulated chemotolerance of glioma cells by boosting metastasis of glioma cells. Methods One hundred and twenty-eight pairs of glioma tissues and corresponding adjacent tissues were resected from glioma patients during their operation, and we also purchased a series of glioma cell lines, including U251, U87, A172 and SHG44. Furthermore, pcDNA3.1-CCAT2, si-CCAT2, miR-424 mimic and miR-424 inhibitor were transfected into SHG44 and U251 cell lines, so as to evaluate impacts of CCAT2 and miR-424 on chemosensitivity of the glioma cells. Besides, proliferation, invasion and metastasis of the cells were determined through the implementation of colony formation assay, transwell assay and scratch assay. Results Glioma tissues and cells were monitored with higher CCAT2 expression and lower miR-424 expression than adjacent normal tissues and NHA cell line (P<0.05). Among the glioma cell lines, the SHG44 cell line showed the strongest resistance against teniposide, temozolomide and cisplatin (P<0.05), whereas the U251 cell line was more sensitive to teniposide, temozolomide, vincristine and cisplatin than any other cell line (P<0.05). Besides, pcDNA3.1-CCAT2 and miR-424 inhibitor could enhance tolerance of glioma cell lines against drugs (P<0.05). Moreover, in-vitro transfection of si-CCAT2 and miR-424 mimic could significantly retard proliferation, invasion and migration of SHG44 and U251 cells (P<0.05), and CCAT2 was found to negatively regulate miR-424 expression by sponging it (P<0.05). In addition, CHK1 was deemed as the molecule targeted by upstream miR-424, and its overexpression can changeover the effects of miR-424 mimic on proliferation and metastasis of SHG44 and U251 cells. Conclusion lncRNA CCAT2/miR-424/Chk1 axis might serve as a promising target for improving chemotherapeutic efficacies in glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Heli Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
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18
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Razdan A, de Souza P, Roberts TL. Role of MicroRNAs in Treatment Response in Prostate Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2019; 18:929-944. [PMID: 29644941 PMCID: PMC6463399 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666180315160125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-skin cancer in men worldwide, resulting in significant mortality and morbidity. Depending on the grade and stage of the cancer, patients may be given radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, or chemotherapy. However, more than half of these patients develop resistance to treatment, leading to disease progression and metastases, often with lethal consequences. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs, which regulate numerous physiological as well as pathological processes, including cancer. miRNAs mediate their regulatory effect predominately by binding to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of their target mRNAs. In this review, we will describe the mechanisms by which miRNAs mediate resistance to radiation and drug therapy (i.e. hormone therapy and chemotherapy) in PCa, including control of apoptosis, cell growth and proliferation, autophagy, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and metastasis, and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Furthermore, we will discuss the utility of circulating miRNAs isolated from different body fluids of prostate cancer patients as non-invasive biomarkers of cancer detection, disease progression, and therapy response. Finally, we will shortlist the candidate miRNAs, which may have a role in drug and radioresistance, that could potentially be used as predictive biomarkers of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuli Razdan
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul de Souza
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tara Laurine Roberts
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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19
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Richardsen E, Andersen S, Al-Saad S, Rakaee M, Nordby Y, Pedersen MI, Ness N, Ingebriktsen LM, Fassina A, Taskén KA, Mills IG, Donnem T, Bremnes RM, Busund LT. Low Expression of miR-424-3p is Highly Correlated with Clinical Failure in Prostate Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10662. [PMID: 31337863 PMCID: PMC6650397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is a highly heterogenous disease and one of the leading causes of mortality in developed countries. Recently, studies have shown that expression of immune checkpoint proteins are directly or indirectly repressed by microRNAs (miRs) in many types of cancers. The great advantages of using miRs based therapy is the capacity of these short transcripts to target multiple molecules for the same- or different pathways with synergistic immune inhibition effects. miR-424 has previously been described as a biomarker of poor prognosis in different types of cancers. miR-424 is also found to target both the CTLA-4/CD80- and PD-1/PD-L1 axis. In the present study, the clinical significance of miR-424-3p expression in PC tissue was evaluated. Naïve radical prostatectomy specimens from 535 patients was used for tissue microarray construction. In situ hybridization was used to evaluate the expression of miR-424-3p and immunohistochemistry was used for CTLA-4 protein detection. In univariate- and multivariate analyses, low expression of miR-424-3p was significant associated with clinical failure-free survival, (p = 0.004) and p = 0.018 (HR:0.44, CI95% 0.22-0.87). Low expression of miR-424-3p also associated strongly with aggressive phenotype of PC. This highlight the importance of miR-424-3p as potential target for therapeutic treatment in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Richardsen
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway. .,Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway.
| | - S Andersen
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - S Al-Saad
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - M Rakaee
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Y Nordby
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Department of Urology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - M I Pedersen
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - N Ness
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - L M Ingebriktsen
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - A Fassina
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - K A Taskén
- Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - I G Mills
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - T Donnem
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - R M Bremnes
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - L T Busund
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
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20
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Zhang J, Zhang H, Qin Y, Chen C, Yang J, Song N, Gu M. MicroRNA-200c-3p/ZEB2 loop plays a crucial role in the tumor progression of prostate carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:141. [PMID: 31157262 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.02.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The microRNA (miRNA) miR-200c-3p is involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of a variety of cancers. However, the underlying regulatory role of miR-200c-3p in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. Methods Online databases including Oncomine, Linkedomics and StarBase were used to investigate the clinical significance of miR-200c-3p, along with associated gene targets. PCa tissues and adjacent normal tissues were used for the detection of miR-200c-3p expression. A lentivirus overexpressing miR-200c-3p was constructed and transfected into PC3 and DU145 cells. Cell formation of proliferation, migration, and invasion were determined by cell viability and colony-formation assay, wound healing assay, and Matrigel invasion assay, respectively. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated markers were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot. A luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine the direct relationship of miR-200c-3p and ZEB2. The tumor-suppressive role of miR-200c-3p was further confirmed by a xenograft tumor model and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Results Online database analyses showed that miR-200c-3p was associated with pathologic T and N stage in PCa, and miR-200c-3p was downregulated in PCa tissues. Overexpression of miR-200c-3p was considered a tumor suppressor and was found to significantly suppress the formation of migration and invasion in PCa cells via repression of E-cadherin-induced EMT. The bioinformatic database indicated that ZEB2 has a significant correlation with miR-200c-3p and was upregulated in PCa tissues. Further, ZEB2 expression was suppressed by the upregulation of miR-200c-3p and was identified as a direct target of miR-200c-3p. In addition, repression of ZEB2 could restore the levels of miR-200c-3p in PCa cells in turn, suggesting a potential negative loop between miR-200c-3p and ZEB2. miR-200c-3p also had an antitumor effect by negatively regulating ZEB2 in a xenograft mouse model. Conclusions Taken together, the results of our study demonstrated the novel regulatory loop of miR-200c-3/ZEB2 in PCa progression, providing effective therapeutic strategies for PCa in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hengcheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Provincial Second Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ninghong Song
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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21
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Kamble SC, Sen A, Dhake RD, Joshi AN, Midha D, Bapat SA. Clinical Stratification of High-Grade Ovarian Serous Carcinoma Using a Panel of Six Biomarkers. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E330. [PMID: 30857227 PMCID: PMC6463261 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular stratification of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) for targeted therapy is a pertinent approach in improving prognosis of this highly heterogeneous disease. Enabling the same necessitates identification of class-specific biomarkers and their robust detection in the clinic. We have earlier resolved three discrete molecular HGSC classes associated with distinct functional behavior based on their gene expression patterns, biological networks, and pathways. An important difference revealed was that Class 1 is likely to exhibit cooperative cell migration (CCM), Class 2 undergoes epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), while Class 3 is possibly capable of both modes of migration. In the present study, we define clinical stratification of HGSC tumors through the establishment of standard operating procedures for immunohistochemistry and histochemistry based detection of a panel of biomarkers including TCF21, E-cadherin, PARP1, Slug, AnnexinA2, and hyaluronan. Further development and application of scoring guidelines based on expression of this panel in cell line-derived xenografts, commercial tissue microarrays, and patient tumors led to definitive stratification of samples. Biomarker expression was observed to vary significantly between primary and metastatic tumors suggesting class switching during disease progression. Another interesting feature in the study was of enhanced CCM-marker expression in tumors following disease progression and chemotherapy. These stratification principles and the new information thus generated is the first step towards class-specific personalized therapies in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil C Kamble
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India.
| | - Arijit Sen
- Department of Pathology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India.
| | - Rahul D Dhake
- Department of Histopathology, Inlaks and Budrani Hospital, Morbai Naraindas Cancer Institute, Koregaon Park, Pune 411001, India.
| | - Aparna N Joshi
- Department of Pathology, KEM Hospital, Pune 411011, India.
| | - Divya Midha
- Department of Oncopathology, Tata Medical Centre, Kolkata 700 156, India.
| | - Sharmila A Bapat
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
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22
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Wang F, Liang R, Tandon N, Matthews ER, Shrestha S, Yang J, Soibam B, Yang J, Liu Y. H19X-encoded miR-424(322)/-503 cluster: emerging roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, plasticity and metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:903-920. [PMID: 30474694 PMCID: PMC6394552 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
miR-424(322)/-503 are mammal-specific members of the extended miR-15/107 microRNA family. They form a co-expression network with the imprinted lncRNA H19 in tetrapods. miR-424(322)/-503 regulate fundamental cellular processes including cell cycle, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, hypoxia and other stress response. They control tissue differentiation (cardiomyocyte, skeletal muscle, monocyte) and remodeling (mammary gland involution), and paradoxically participate in tumor initiation and progression. Expression of miR-424(322)/-503 is governed by unique mechanisms involving sex hormones. Here, we summarize current literature and provide a primer for future endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Neha Tandon
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Matthews
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Shreesti Shrestha
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Jiao Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Benjamin Soibam
- Computer Science and Engineering Technology, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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23
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Wen Y, An Z, Qiao B, Zhang C, Zhang Z. RPS7 promotes cell migration through targeting epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2019; 37:297.e1-297.e7. [PMID: 30737160 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Small ribosomal protein subunit 7 (RPS7) is an important structural components of the ribosome involved in protein synthesis, previous studies demonstrated that RPS7 was associated with several malignancies, but the role of RPS7 in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. To decipher such a puzzle, in the current study, we deciphered the role and mechanism of RPS7 during the progression of PCa. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, the expression of mRNA was performed by quantitative real-time PCR. The protein level was identified by Western blotting. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was demonstrated the relation between the abnormal expression of RPS7 mRNA and the overall survival. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay and cell counting, meanwhile, cell migration was checked by transwell assay. RESULTS RPS7 is higher expressed in PCa (p < 0.001), and the overexpression of RPS7 is closely associated with poor outcome of PCa patients after radical prostatectomy (p < 0.001). Inhibition the expression of RPS7 with a specific RPS7 siRNA could markedly attenuate prostate tumor growth and migration (p < 0.05). Mechanistic data reveals that inhibition of RPS7 could up-regulate the epithelial protein marker, E-cadherin (p < 0.05), and down-regulate the mesenchymal protein markers, such as N-cadherin and Snail (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS RPS7 is a newly verified tumor promoter in PCa, and promotes cell migration by targeting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitionpathway. Thus, inhibition of RPS7-epithelial to-mesenchymal transition signaling might represent a prospective approach toward limiting prostate tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwu Wen
- Department of Urology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Zesheng An
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Baomin Qiao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Changwen Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China.
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24
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Suer I, Guzel E, Karatas OF, Creighton CJ, Ittmann M, Ozen M. MicroRNAs as prognostic markers in prostate cancer. Prostate 2019; 79:265-271. [PMID: 30345533 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men who are especially over the age of 50 years in the western countries. Currently used therapeutic modalities mostly fail to give positive clinical outcomes and nearly 30% of the PCa patients eventually develop clinical recurrence. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of PCa progression is of paramount importance to help determining the course of disease. In this study, we aimed at profiling the differentially expressed microRNAs in recurrent PCa samples. METHODS We profiled the microRNA expression of 20 recurrent and 20 non-recurrent PCa patients with microRNA microarray, and validated the differential expression of significantly deregulated microRNAs in 40 recurrent and 39 non-recurrent PCa specimens using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Data were statistically analyzed using two-sided Student's t-test, Pearson Correlation test, Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that a total of 682 probes were significantly deregulated in recurrent versus non-recurrent PCa specimen comparison. Among those, we confirmed the significant downregulation of miR-424 and upregulation of miR-572 with further qRT-PCR analysis in a larger sample set. Further ROC analysis showed that these microRNAs have enough power to distinguish recurrent specimens from non-recurrent ones on their own. CONCLUSIONS Here, we report that differential expression of miR-424 and miR-572 in recurrent PCa specimens can serve as novel biomarkers for prediction of PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilknur Suer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University, Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Guzel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer F Karatas
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Michael E. DeBakey VAMC, Houston, Texas
| | - Mustafa Ozen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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25
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Lin D, Wang X, Li X, Meng L, Xu F, Xu Y, Xie X, He H, Xu D, Wang C, Zhu Y. Apogossypolone acts as a metastasis inhibitor via up-regulation of E-cadherin dependent on the GSK-3/AKT complex. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:218-232. [PMID: 30787981 PMCID: PMC6357321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pheochromocytoma is exactly diagnosed only upon the occurrence of metastatic foci. At that point, however, patients are less likely to experience many benefits from traditional chemotherapy. Therefore, a strategy worthy of consideration is inhibition or delay of metastasis with drugs. Recently, numerous studies have indicated that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in malignant pheochromocytoma, where there is over-expression of metastatic promoting genes and low expression of metastatic suppressor genes. In previous research, we confirmed that apogossypolone (ApoG2) could effectively inhibit tumor movement capabilities, but potential mechanisms for the inhibition were unknown. Here, we initially corroborated that ApoG2 could induce GSK-3/AKT complex formation to down-regulate phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Subsequently, ApoG2 inhibited cell mobilities via promotion of E-cadherin and β-catenin translocation from cytoplasm to membrane dependent on down-regulate of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Unexpectedly, ApoG2 seemed to promote tumor progression, instead of suppression when there were circulating tumor cells in vivo. Our results indicated that ApoG2 might be an effective target agent early in the disease rather than at the advanced stage where there are a majority of circulating tumor cells. Those cells rely on the mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) process to anchor to distant new sites. Hence, the so-called anti-tumor drugs with inhibition of migration and invasion should be carefully distinguished as to whether they are involved in EMT and MET processes or not. Most importantly, we identified that GSK-3 is not only a downstream effector but also an upstream regulator of the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengqiang Lin
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityNumber 197, Ruijin’er Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityNumber 197, Ruijin’er Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityNumber 639, Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Li Meng
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityNumber 197, Ruijin’er Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Feifei Xu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityNumber 197, Ruijin’er Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yunze Xu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityNumber 1630, Dongfang Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityNumber 197, Ruijin’er Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Hongchao He
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityNumber 197, Ruijin’er Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Danfeng Xu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityNumber 197, Ruijin’er Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Chenghe Wang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityNumber 197, Ruijin’er Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityNumber 197, Ruijin’er Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200001, China
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26
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Lan W, Wang J, Li M, Liu J, Wu FX, Pan Y. Predicting MicroRNA-Disease Associations Based on Improved MicroRNA and Disease Similarities. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 15:1774-1782. [PMID: 27392365 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2016.2586190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNAs with about ∼22nt nucleotides. Increasing evidences have shown that miRNAs play critical roles in many human diseases. The identification of human disease-related miRNAs is helpful to explore the underlying pathogenesis of diseases. More and more experimental validated associations between miRNAs and diseases have been reported in the recent studies, which provide useful information for new miRNA-disease association discovery. In this study, we propose a computational framework, KBMF-MDI, to predict the associations between miRNAs and diseases based on their similarities. The sequence and function information of miRNAs are used to measure similarity among miRNAs while the semantic and function information of disease are used to measure similarity among diseases, respectively. In addition, the kernelized Bayesian matrix factorization method is employed to infer potential miRNA-disease associations by integrating these data sources. We applied this method to 6,084 known miRNA-disease associations and utilized 5-fold cross validation to evaluate the performance. The experimental results demonstrate that our method can effectively predict unknown miRNA-disease associations.
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27
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Advances of circular RNAs in carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:59-71. [PMID: 30077838 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNAs with single-stranded closed structure. The rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technology has allowed for the widespread presence of circRNAs in transcriptomes. Moreover, increasing studies have identified a correlation between circRNAs and different cancers. In addition, most circRNAs are dysregulated in various cancers, and some of them have been reported be vital in the occurrence and development of tumors. For example, ciRS-7 plays a role in tumor promotion and circ-ITCH acts as a tumor suppressor. This review summarizes the latest progressions in the field regarding the functions of circRNAs in relation with cancers, and anticipates the emerging roles of circRNAs and future challenges in cancer research.
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28
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Tian X, Tao F, Zhang B, Dong JT, Zhang Z. The miR-203/SNAI2 axis regulates prostate tumor growth, migration, angiogenesis and stemness potentially by modulating GSK-3β/β-CATENIN signal pathway. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:224-236. [PMID: 29389061 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNA expression plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of a variety of human carcinomas including prostate cancer. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the silence of miR-203 contributes to the invasiveness of malignant breast cancer cells by targeting SNAI2. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of miR-203/SNAI2 axis in prostate cancer have not been elucidated. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of miR-203/SNAI2 axis on the biological characteristics of prostate carcinomas both in vitro and in vivo. We found that miR-203 was significantly downregulated in prostate cancer cell lines compared with immortalized prostate epithelial cells using semi-quantitative PCR and real-time PCR, as well as in clinical prostate cancer tissues compared to normal tissues using TCGA analysis. Functionally, miR-203 inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, endothelial cell tube formation and cancer stemness in vitro. Meanwhile, overexpression of miR-203 suppressed SNAI2 expression both in DU145 and PC3 cells. In addition, the in vivo study showed that miR-203 suppressed tumorigenicity, metastasis and angiogenesis of DU145 cells. Ectopic expression of SNAI2 rescued the inhibitory effects of miR-203 both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, the EMT markers CDH1 and VIMENTIN were modulated by the miR-203/SNAI2 axis. Furthermore, the GSK-3β/β-CATENIN signal pathway was suppressed by miR-203 and could be reactivated by SNAI2. Taken together, this research unveiled the function of miR-203/SNAI2 axis in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, stemness, metastasis and GSK-3β/β-CATENIN signal pathway in prostate cancer and gave insights into miR-203/SNAI2-targeting therapy for prostate cancer patients. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(3):224-236, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Tian
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine (TJAB), Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University and Texas AgriLife Research, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Fangfang Tao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baotong Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jin-Tang Dong
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine (TJAB), Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Tao F, Tian X, Zhang Z. The PCAT3/PCAT9-miR-203-SNAI2 axis functions as a key mediator for prostate tumor growth and progression. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12212-12225. [PMID: 29552304 PMCID: PMC5844740 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be of great importance in the formation and progression of a wide range of human carcinomas including prostate cancer (PCa). Among them, PCAT3 and PCAT9 have been identified as two prostate tissue-specific lncRNAs and are up-regulated in PCa. However, their roles in the biological characteristics of PCa have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, our data revealed that knockdown of PCAT3 and PCAT9 suppressed cellular proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis and stemness in androgen-dependent LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells. Strikingly, bioinformatics analysis predicted that both PCAT3 and PCAT9 transcripts had two conserved binding sties for miR-203. Meanwhile, dual luciferase report assays revealed that miR-203 could suppress the luciferase activities of reporter plasmids carrying the binding site of miR-203 on the mRNA of PCAT3 or PCAT9. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH) showed that miR-203 mimic reduced the expression of PCAT3 and PCAT9 both in LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells. We also noted that both PCAT3 and PCAT9 inhibited miR-203 expression and alleviated repression on the expression of SNAI2, a critical regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition directly targeted by miR-203. Functionally, silence of miR-203 or ectopic expression of SNAI2 attenuated the inhibitory effect of PCAT3 and PCAT9 knockdown on cell proliferation and migration in vitro, and xenograft growth in vivo. Taken together, our data suggested that the PCAT3/PCAT9-miR-203-SNAI2 axis may serve as a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Tao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A and M University and Texas AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843-2128, USA.,Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine (TJAB), Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine (TJAB), Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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30
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Li D, Liu K, Li Z, Wang J, Wang X. miR-19a and miR-424 target TGFBR3 to promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and migration of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cell Adh Migr 2017; 12:236-246. [PMID: 29130787 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2017.1365992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that TGFBR3 (transforming growth factor type III receptor, also known as betaglycan), a novel suppressor of progression in certain cancers, is down-regulated in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). However, the role of this factor as an upstream regulator in TSCC cells remains to be elucidated. The present study was designed to elucidate whether TGFBR3 gene expression is regulated by two microRNA molecules, miR-19a and miR-424. The study also aimed to determine if these microRNAs promote migration of CAL-27 human oral squamous cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analyses demonstrated that TGFBR3 protein levels were dramatically down-regulated in clinical TSCC specimens. Conversely, bioinformatics analyses and qRT-PCR results confirmed that both miR-19a and miR-424 were markedly up-regulated in clinical TSCC specimens. In this study, we observed that transfection of a TGFBR3-containing plasmid dramatically inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration in CAL-27 cells. Co-immunoprecipitation analyses also revealed that TGFBR3 forms a complex with the β-arrestin 2 scaffolding protein and IκBα. Furthermore, overexpression of TGFBR3 decreased p-p65 expression and increased IκBα expression; these effects were subsequently abolished following knockdown of β-arrestin 2. Moreover, over-expression of miR-19a and miR-424 promoted migration and EMT in CAL-27 cells. We also observed that the promotion of EMT by miR-19a and miR-424 was mediated by the inhibition of TGFBR3. Our study provides evidence that miR-19a and miR-424 play important roles in the development of TSCC. These results expand our understanding of TGFBR3 gene expression and regulatory mechanisms pertaining to miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Li
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Ke Liu
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Jian Wang
- b Department of Neurosurgery , The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
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31
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Varghese VK, Shukla V, Kabekkodu SP, Pandey D, Satyamoorthy K. DNA methylation regulated microRNAs in human cervical cancer. Mol Carcinog 2017; 57:370-382. [PMID: 29077234 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of miRNA gene expression by DNA promoter methylation may represent a key mechanism to drive cervical cancer progression. In order to understand the impact of DNA promoter methylation on miRNAs at various stages of cervical carcinogenesis, we performed DNA methylation microarray on Normal Cervical Epithelium (NCE), Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN I-III) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) tissues to identify differentially methylated miRNAs followed by validation by bisulfite sequencing. Further, expression of miRNAs was analyzed by qRT-PCR in clinical tissues and cervical cancer cell lines. Transcriptional activity was determined by luciferase assay. We identified a total of 69 hypermethylated and hypomethylated miRNA promoters encompassing 78 CpG islands in all except Y chromosome, among the three groups. The candidate DNA promoters of miR-424 were significantly hypermethylated and miR-200b and miR-34c were significantly hypomethylated in SCC compared to NCE (P < 0.05). Expression of miR-424, miR-200b, and miR-34c were inversely correlated with promoter DNA methylation in tissue samples. Treatment of cell lines with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine showed differential expression in all three miRNAs. We observed a decrease in miRNA promoter activity following in vitro SssI methylase treatment of miR-424, miR-200b, and miR-34c. Luciferase assay demonstrated that miR-200b and miR-424 functionally interacts with 3'-UTR of HIPK3 and RBBP6 respectively and decreased their activity in presence of miR-200b and miR-424 mimics transfected in SiHa cells. Taken together, we have identified deregulation of miRNAs by aberrant DNA promoter methylation, leading to its transcriptional silencing during cervical carcinogenesis, which can be potential targets for diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay K Varghese
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaibhav Shukla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shama P Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Deeksha Pandey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Kanwal R, Plaga AR, Liu X, Shukla GC, Gupta S. MicroRNAs in prostate cancer: Functional role as biomarkers. Cancer Lett 2017; 407:9-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lo UG, Lee CF, Lee MS, Hsieh JT. The Role and Mechanism of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Prostate Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102079. [PMID: 28973968 PMCID: PMC5666761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In prostate cancer (PCa), similar to many other cancers, distant organ metastasis symbolizes the beginning of the end disease, which eventually leads to cancer death. Many mechanisms have been identified in this process that can be rationalized into targeted therapy. Among them, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is originally characterized as a critical step for cell trans-differentiation during embryo development and now recognized in promoting cancer cells invasiveness because of high mobility and migratory abilities of mesenchymal cells once converted from carcinoma cells. Nevertheless, the underlying pathways leading to EMT appear to be very diverse in different cancer types, which certainly represent a challenge for developing effective intervention. In this article, we have carefully reviewed the key factors involved in EMT of PCa with clinical correlation in hope to facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategy that is expected to reduce the disease mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- U-Ging Lo
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Cheng-Fan Lee
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Shyue Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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34
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Jie XX, Zhang XY, Xu CJ. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, circulating tumor cells and cancer metastasis: Mechanisms and clinical applications. Oncotarget 2017; 8:81558-81571. [PMID: 29113414 PMCID: PMC5655309 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) endows epithelial cells with enhanced motility and invasiveness, allowing them to participate in many physiological and pathological processes. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition contributes to the generation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in epithelial cancers because it increases tumor cell invasiveness, promotes tumor cell intravasation and ensures tumor cell survival in the peripheral system. Although the contribution of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition to tumor cell invasiveness has been confirmed, the role epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition plays in metastasis remains debated. As a favorable material for a “liquid biopsy”, circulating tumor cells have been shown to have promising values in the clinical management of tumors. Furthermore, an increasing number of studies have begun to explore the value of CTC-related biomarkers, and some studies have found that the expression of EMT and stemness markers in circulating tumor cells, in addition to CTC detection, can provide more information on tumor diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiang Jie
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Jian Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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35
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Jin C, Li M, Ouyang Y, Tan Z, Jiang Y. MiR-424 functions as a tumor suppressor in glioma cells and is down-regulated by DNA methylation. J Neurooncol 2017; 133:247-255. [PMID: 28508328 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most lethal malignancies, and increasing reports revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, play a critical role in the development and pathology of human gliomas. MiR-424 has been found to be dysregulated in many different types of human cancers. However, the clinical significance and function of miR-424 in glioma remains unclear. Here, based on RTq-PCR analysis in 148 clinical specimens, we found miR-424 expression was significantly decreased in glioma tumor tissues than in adjacent non-neoplastic brain tissues, and decreased miR-424 expression was associated with glioma KPS (P = 0.009) and high grades (P = 0.029). In vitro cellular function assays further revealed that miR-424 inhibited cell invasion and migration, and promoted cell apoptosis. In addition, based on DNA methylation analysis on clinical specimens and cell lines, we found miR-424 promoter CpG island was frequently methylated and correlated with glioma high grades (P = 0.035) and IDH mutation status (P = 0.042). Moreover, the promoter CpG island was demethylated by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment in a time-dependent manner and the expression levels of miR-424 were gradually induced and increased. Taken together, our data suggest that the promoter region CpG island methylation is associated with tumor suppressive miR-424 silencing and the pathology of human gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renming Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renming Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yian Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renming Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renming Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yugang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renming Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Eun K, Ham SW, Kim H. Cancer stem cell heterogeneity: origin and new perspectives on CSC targeting. BMB Rep 2017; 50:117-125. [PMID: 27998397 PMCID: PMC5422023 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.3.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the cancers are still incurable human diseases. According to recent findings, especially targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs) is the most promising therapeutic strategy. CSCs take charge of a cancer hierarchy, harboring stem cell-like properties involving self-renewal and aberrant differentiation potential. Most of all, the presence of CSCs is closely associated with tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance. Despite the numerous efforts to target CSCs, current anti-cancer therapies are still impeded by CSC-derived cancer malignancies; increased metastases, tumor recurrence, and even acquired resistance against the anti-CSC therapies developed in experimental models. One of the most forceful underlying reasons is a “cancer heterogeneity” due to “CSC plasticity” A comprehensive understanding of CSC-derived heterogeneity will provide novel insights into the establishment of efficient targeting strategies to eliminate CSCs. Here, we introduce findings on mechanisms of CSC reprogramming and CSC plasticity, which give rise to phenotypically varied CSCs. Also, we suggest concepts to improve CSC-targeted therapy in order to overcome therapeutic resistance caused by CSC plasticity and heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoung Eun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Seok Won Ham
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyunggee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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37
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Adams BD, Parsons C, Walker L, Zhang WC, Slack FJ. Targeting noncoding RNAs in disease. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:761-771. [PMID: 28248199 DOI: 10.1172/jci84424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many RNA species have been identified as important players in the development of chronic diseases, including cancer. Over the past decade, numerous studies have highlighted how regulatory RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in the development of a disease state. It is clear that the aberrant expression of miRNAs promotes tumor initiation and progression, is linked with cardiac dysfunction, allows for the improper physiological response in maintaining glucose and insulin levels, and can prevent the appropriate integration of neuronal networks, resulting in neurodegenerative disorders. Because of this, there has been a major effort to therapeutically target these noncoding RNAs. In just the past 5 years, over 100 antisense oligonucleotide-based therapies have been tested in phase I clinical trials, a quarter of which have reached phase II/III. Most notable are fomivirsen and mipomersen, which have received FDA approval to treat cytomegalovirus retinitis and high blood cholesterol, respectively. The continued improvement of innovative RNA modifications and delivery entities, such as nanoparticles, will aid in the development of future RNA-based therapeutics for a broader range of chronic diseases. Here we summarize the latest promises and challenges of targeting noncoding RNAs in disease.
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MESH Headings
- Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic
- Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
- Cytomegalovirus Retinitis/drug therapy
- Cytomegalovirus Retinitis/genetics
- Cytomegalovirus Retinitis/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- MicroRNAs/antagonists & inhibitors
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neurodegenerative Diseases/drug therapy
- Neurodegenerative Diseases/genetics
- Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense/genetics
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense/therapeutic use
- RNA, Long Noncoding/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
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Endogenous microRNA-424 predicts clinical outcome and its inhibition acts as cancer suppressor in human non-small cell lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:208-214. [PMID: 28231541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the expression, clinical correlation and functional mechanisms of endogenous microRNA-424 (miR-424) in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Expression pattern of endogenous miR-424 was examined by qRT-PCR in clinical samples obtained from 233 NSCLC patients. Correlations between differential miR-424 expression level (low vs. high) and NSCLC patients' clinicopathological parameters or survival were statistically examined. In in vitro NSCLC H596 and SW900 cells, miR-424 was either upregulated or downregulation by lentiviral transduction. Their effects on cancer cell viability, proliferation, and cell-cycle transition were also examined. RESULTS MiR-424 expression was not different between NSCLC tumors and healthy lung tissues. However, it is much upregulated in NSCLC tumors associated with patients at advanced clinical stages. Statistical analyses demonstrated that high endogenous miR-424 expression in NSCLC tumors was significantly correlated with patients' advanced clinical stages, aggressive tumor metastasis, and short survival. In addition, Cox regression model predicted that endogenous miR-424 might be an independent prognostic marker in NSCLC. In in vitro NSCLC cell lines, miR-424 downregulation had a significant suppressing effect on cancer proliferation and G1 to S phase cell-cycle transition. On the other hand, miR-424 upregulation had no effect on NSCLC in vitro. CONCLUSION High endogenous miR-424 expression in tumors may predict poor prognosis of patients with NSCLC. Inhibiting endogenous miR-424 may also serve an effective cancer suppressor in NSCLC.
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MiR-200 Regulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer via EGF/EGFR Signaling. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 72:185-90. [PMID: 25542369 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was set to study the molecular mechanism underlying how miR-200 regulates EGF/EGFR signaling to involve in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells. Loss-of-function experiments of EGFR silencing by siRNA transfection was performed. Transfection of pre-miR-200s or anti-miR-200s was used to increase or decrease miR-200 transcripts. Real-time PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and transwell experiments were performed to determine the role of miR-200s in EMT and its role in EGF/EGFR-mediated EMT in vitro and in vivo. EGF/EGFR signaling activation increased the expression of mesenchymal marker vimentin in Nthy-ori 3-1 cells and decreased the expression of endothelial maker E-cadherin. EGF stimulation led to increased RhoA expression in Nthy-ori 3-1 cells. EGFR silencing resulted in decreased RhoA expression in SW1736 and ARO cells. EGF stimulation led to down-regulation of miR-200s and EMT. Restoration of miR-200 expression by pre-miR-200a/c transfection reversed the process, including increased E-cadherin and decreased vimentin. Down-regulation of miR-200 by anti-miR-200 effectively reduced miR-200. Matrigel invasion assay proved that restoration of miR-200 expression counteracted invasiveness. EGFR silencing decreased invasiveness in SW1736 cells, while down-regulation of miR-200s restored invasiveness. Xenograft tumors of SW1736 cells with cotransfection of anti-miR-200s and EGFR siRNA which kept the similar E-cadherin and vimentin expression with the untransfected controls. In ATC cells, miR-200s play a central role in EGF/EGFR-mediated invasiveness in vitro and EMT in vivo.
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40
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Dallavalle C, Albino D, Civenni G, Merulla J, Ostano P, Mello-Grand M, Rossi S, Losa M, D'Ambrosio G, Sessa F, Thalmann GN, Garcia-Escudero R, Zitella A, Chiorino G, Catapano CV, Carbone GM. MicroRNA-424 impairs ubiquitination to activate STAT3 and promote prostate tumor progression. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4585-4602. [PMID: 27820701 DOI: 10.1172/jci86505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations and deletions in components of ubiquitin ligase complexes that lead to alterations in protein turnover are important mechanisms in driving tumorigenesis. Here we describe an alternative mechanism involving upregulation of the microRNA miR-424 that leads to impaired ubiquitination and degradation of oncogenic transcription factors in prostate cancers. We found that miR-424 targets the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1 and identified STAT3 as a key substrate of COP1 in promoting tumorigenic and cancer stem-like properties in prostate epithelial cells. Altered protein turnover due to impaired COP1 function led to accumulation and enhanced basal and cytokine-induced activity of STAT3. We further determined that loss of the ETS factor ESE3/EHF is the initial event that triggers the deregulation of the miR-424/COP1/STAT3 axis. COP1 silencing and STAT3 activation were effectively reverted by blocking of miR-424, suggesting a possible strategy to attack this key node of tumorigenesis in ESE3/EHF-deficient tumors. These results establish miR-424 as an oncogenic effector linked to noncanonical activation of STAT3 and as a potential therapeutic target.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is the main cause of mortality in cancer patients. Two major routes of cancer cell spread are currently being recognized: dissemination via blood vessels (hematogenous spread) and dissemination via the lymphatic system (lymphogenous spread). Here, our current knowledge on the role of both blood and lymphatic vessels in cancer cell metastasis is summarized. In addition, I will discuss why cancer cells select one or both of the two routes to disseminate and I will provide a short description of the passive and active models of intravasation. Finally, lymphatic vessel density (LVD), blood vessel density (BVD), interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and tumor hypoxia, as well as regional lymph node metastasis and the recently discovered primo vascular system (PVS) will be highlighted as important factors influencing tumor cell motility and spread and, ultimately, clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS Lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis are important phenomena involved in the spread of cancer cells and they are associated with a poor prognosis. It is anticipated that new discoveries and advancing knowledge on these phenomena will allow an improvement in the treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Paduch
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079, Lublin, Poland.
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42
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Kojima S, Goto Y, Naya Y. The roles of microRNAs in the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Hum Genet 2016; 62:25-31. [PMID: 27278789 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in men. PCa is androgen-dependent, and androgen-deprivation therapy is effective for first-line hormonal treatment, but the androgen-independent phenotype of PCa eventually develops, which is difficult to treat and has no effective cure. Recently, microRNAs have been discovered to have important roles in the initiation and progression of PCa, suggesting their use in diagnosis, predicting prognosis and development of treatment for castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Understanding the networks of microRNAs and their target genes is necessary to ascertain their roles and importance in the development and progression of PCa. This review summarizes the current knowledge about microRNAs regulating PCa progression and elucidates the mechanism of progression to CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Kojima
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - Yusuke Goto
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukio Naya
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
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43
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A ZEB1-miR-375-YAP1 pathway regulates epithelial plasticity in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2016; 36:24-34. [PMID: 27270433 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-375 (miR-375) is frequently elevated in prostate tumors and cell-free fractions of patient blood, but its role in genesis and progression of prostate cancer is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-375 is inversely correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition signatures (EMT) in clinical samples and can drive mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) in model systems. Indeed, miR-375 potently inhibited invasion and migration of multiple prostate cancer lines. The transcription factor YAP1 was found to be a direct target of miR-375 in prostate cancer. Knockdown of YAP1 phenocopied miR-375 overexpression, and overexpression of YAP1 rescued anti-invasive effects mediated by miR-375. Furthermore, transcription of the miR-375 gene was shown to be directly repressed by the EMT transcription factor, ZEB1. Analysis of multiple patient cohorts provided evidence for this ZEB1-miR-375-YAP1 regulatory circuit in clinical samples. Despite its anti-invasive and anti-EMT capacities, plasma miR-375 was found to be correlated with circulating tumor cells in men with metastatic disease. Collectively, this study provides new insight into the function of miR-375 in prostate cancer, and more broadly identifies a novel pathway controlling epithelial plasticity and tumor cell invasion in this disease.
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44
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Hawa Z, Haque I, Ghosh A, Banerjee S, Harris L, Banerjee SK. The miRacle in Pancreatic Cancer by miRNAs: Tiny Angels or Devils in Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E809. [PMID: 27240340 PMCID: PMC4926343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with increasing incidence and high mortality. Surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment of patients with PDAC. Because of the late presentation of the disease, about 20 percent of patients are candidates for this treatment. The average survival of resected patients is between 12 and 20 months, with a high probability of relapse. Standard chemo and radiation therapies do not offer significant improvement of the survival of these patients. Furthermore, novel treatment options aimed at targeting oncogenes or growth factors in pancreatic cancer have proved unsuccessful. Thereby, identifying new biomarkers that can detect early stages of this disease is of critical importance. Among these biomarkers, microRNAs (miRNAs) have supplied a profitable recourse and become an attractive focus of research in PDAC. MiRNAs regulate many genes involved in the development of PDAC through mRNA degradation or translation inhibition. The possibility of intervention in the molecular mechanisms of miRNAs regulation could begin a new generation of PDAC therapies. This review summarizes the reports describing miRNAs involvement in cellular processes involving pancreatic carcinogenesis and their utility in diagnosis, survival and therapeutic potential in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhair Hawa
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
| | - Inamul Haque
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
| | - Snigdha Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
| | - LaCoiya Harris
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
| | - Sushanta K Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
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45
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Nouraee N, Mowla SJ, Calin GA. Tracking miRNAs' footprints in tumor-microenvironment interactions: Insights and implications for targeted cancer therapy. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 54:335-52. [PMID: 25832733 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, cancer medicine studies have mainly focused on tumor cell biology as the main promoter of solid tumor progression. However, tumor biology does not explain the intertwinement and ambiguity of the tumors' territory. Recently, the approach of understanding cancer has shifted from investigating the biology of tumor cells to studying the microenvironment surrounding them. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which play a role in exploiting indigenous stromal cells and are components that cooperate and produce a favorable microenvironment for progressive tumor formation, have been implicated in numerous processes essential for tumor initiation and growth. Understanding the mechanisms underlying interactions between tumor cells and their adjacent environment holds many promises for the future of cancer-targeted therapies. Herein, we provide a step-by-step account of miRNA involvement in tumor-microenvironment interactions as the micromediators of tumor cell and stroma communications. We also focus on the clinical challenges in using miRNAs tof overcome therapy resistance mechanisms and tumor heterogeneity bias in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Nouraee
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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46
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Drasin DJ, Guarnieri AL, Neelakantan D, Kim J, Cabrera JH, Wang CA, Zaberezhnyy V, Gasparini P, Cascione L, Huebner K, Tan AC, Ford HL. TWIST1-Induced miR-424 Reversibly Drives Mesenchymal Programming while Inhibiting Tumor Initiation. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1908-21. [PMID: 25716682 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process that relies on cellular plasticity. Recently, the process of an oncogenic EMT, followed by a reverse mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), has been implicated as critical in the metastatic colonization of carcinomas. Unlike governance of epithelial programming, regulation of mesenchymal programming is not well understood in EMT. Here, we describe and characterize the first microRNA that enhances exclusively mesenchymal programming. We demonstrate that miR-424 is upregulated early during a TWIST1 or SNAI1-induced EMT, and that it causes cells to express mesenchymal genes without affecting epithelial genes, resulting in a mixed/intermediate EMT. Furthermore, miR-424 increases motility, decreases adhesion, and induces a growth arrest, changes associated with a complete EMT that can be reversed when miR-424 expression is lowered, concomitant with an MET-like process. Breast cancer patient miR-424 levels positively associate with TWIST1/2 and EMT-like gene signatures, and miR-424 is increased in primary tumors versus matched normal breast. However, miR-424 is downregulated in patient metastases versus matched primary tumors. Correspondingly, miR-424 decreases tumor initiation and is posttranscriptionally downregulated in macrometastases in mice, suggesting the need for biphasic expression of miR-424 to transit the EMT-MET axis. Next-generation RNA sequencing revealed miR-424 regulates numerous EMT and cancer stemness-associated genes, including TGFBR3, whose downregulation promotes mesenchymal phenotypes, but not tumor-initiating phenotypes. Instead, we demonstrate that increased MAPK-ERK signaling is critical for miR-424-mediated decreases in tumor-initiating phenotypes. These findings suggest miR-424 plays distinct roles in tumor progression, potentially facilitating earlier, but repressing later, stages of metastasis by regulating an EMT-MET axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Drasin
- Program in Molecular Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anna L Guarnieri
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Deepika Neelakantan
- Program in Molecular Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Joshua H Cabrera
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Chu-An Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Vadym Zaberezhnyy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Pierluigi Gasparini
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Luciano Cascione
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kay Huebner
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Aik-Choon Tan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Heide L Ford
- Program in Molecular Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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47
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Role of MicroRNAs in Prostate Cancer Pathogenesis. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2015; 13:261-270. [PMID: 25733057 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumor in men, and is the second highest cause of cancer mortality after lung tumors in the United States. Accumulating research indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly being implicated in PCa. miRNAs are conserved small noncoding RNAs that control gene expression posttranscriptionally. Recent profiling research suggests that miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in PCa, and these have been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, cell cycle, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, PCa stem cells, and androgen receptor pathway. All of these might provide the basis for new approaches for PCa. Here, we review current findings regarding miRNA research in PCa to provide a strong basis for future study aimed at promising contributions of miRNA in PCa.
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48
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Abstract
Metastatic cancer cells are lethal. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that bolster the conversion from benign to malignant progression is key for treating these heterogeneous and resistant neoplasms. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a conserved cellular program that alters cell shape, adhesion and movement. The shift to a more mesenchymal-like phenotype can promote tumor cell intravasation of surrounding blood vessels and emigration to a new organ, yet may not be necessary for extravasation or colonization into that environment. Lymphatic dissemination, on the other hand, may not require EMT. This review presents emerging data on the modes by which tumor cells promote EMT/MET via microRNA and prepare the pre-metastatic niche via exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Banyard
- a Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery , Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Diane R Bielenberg
- a Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery , Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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49
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Xiao X, Huang C, Zhao C, Gou X, Senavirathna LK, Hinsdale M, Lloyd P, Liu L. Regulation of myofibroblast differentiation by miR-424 during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 566:49-57. [PMID: 25524739 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one of the most common and severe interstitial lung diseases. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process whereby epithelial cells undergo transition to a mesenchymal phenotype. This process has been shown to contribute to IPF. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs of 18-24 nucleotides in length which regulate gene expression. Several studies have implicated miRNAs in EMT; however, specific miRNAs that regulate EMT in IPF have not yet been identified. In this study, we identified 6 up-regulated and 3 down-regulated miRNAs in a human lung epithelial cell EMT model using miRNA microarray and real-time PCR. Overexpression of one of these up-regulated miRNAs, miR-424, increased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, an indicator of myofibroblast differentiation, but had no effects on the epithelial or mesenchymal cell markers. miR-424 enhanced the activity of the TGF-β signaling pathway, as demonstrated by a luciferase reporter assay. Further experiments showed that miR-424 decreased the protein expression of Smurf2, a negative regulator of TGF-β signaling, indicating that miR-424 exerts a forward regulatory loop in the TGF-β signaling pathway. Our results suggest that miR-424 regulates the myofibroblast differentiation during EMT by potentiating the TGF-β signaling pathway, likely through Smurf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Chunling Zhao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; Department of Physiology, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuxu Gou
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Lakmini K Senavirathna
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Myron Hinsdale
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Pamela Lloyd
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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50
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Feng J, Wang J, Chen M, Chen G, Wu Z, Ying L, Zhuo Q, Zhang J, Wang W. miR-200a suppresses cell growth and migration by targeting MACC1 and predicts prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:713-20. [PMID: 25482402 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-200a suppresses tumor development and progression; however, its role in tumor growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying mechanism have not been elucidated. In the present study, we identified that miR-200a was markedly downregulated in HCC and exerted suppressive effects on tumor cell growth and metastasis. We identified that miR-200a suppressed tumor growth and metastasis by directly targeting MACC1. In addition, HCC patients with low miR-200a expression had significantly worse prognosis than those with high expression of miR-200a. These findings suggest that miR-200a may be recognized as a novel potential biomarker to predict the survival of patients with HCCs following liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital (Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University), Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Jinbo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital (Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University), Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital (Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University), Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Gun Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital (Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University), Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Zongyang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital (Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University), Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Liping Ying
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital (Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University), Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Qifeng Zhuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital (Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University), Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Jianlei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital (Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University), Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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