1
|
Musikhin S, Nemchinsky V, Raitses Y. Growth of metal nanoparticles in hydrocarbon atmosphere of arc discharge. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:385601. [PMID: 38906120 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad5aa4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
A direct current (DC) arc discharge is a widely used method for large-scale production of metal nanoparticles, core-shell particles, and carbon nanotubes. Here, the growth of iron nanoparticles is explored in a modified DC arc discharge. Iron particles are produced by the evaporation of an anode, made from low-carbon steel. Methane admixture into argon gas serves as a carbon source. Electron microscopy and elemental analysis suggest that methane and/or products of its decomposition adhere to iron clusters forming a carbon shell, which inhibits iron particle growth until its full encapsulation, at which point the iron core growth is ceased. Experimental observations are explained using an aerosol growth model. The results demonstrate the path to manipulate metal particle size in a hydrocarbon arc environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Musikhin
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States of America
| | - V Nemchinsky
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States of America
| | - Y Raitses
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Basu S, Hendler-Neumark A, Bisker G. Rationally Designed Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Real-Time Monitoring of Cholinesterase Activity and Inhibition in Plasma. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309481. [PMID: 38358018 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes play a pivotal role in regulating numerous bodily functions. Thus, there is a growing need for developing sensors enabling real-time monitoring of enzymatic activity and inhibition. The activity and inhibition of cholinesterase (CHE) enzymes in blood plasma are fluorometrically monitored using near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as probes, strategically functionalized with myristoylcholine (MC)- the substrate of CHE. A significant decrease in the fluorescence intensity of MC-suspended SWCNTs upon interaction with CHE is observed, attributed to the hydrolysis of the MC corona phase of the SWCNTs by CHE. Complementary measurements for quantifying choline, the product of MC hydrolysis, reveal a correlation between the fluorescence intensity decrease and the amount of released choline, rendering the SWCNTs optical sensors with real-time feedback in the NIR biologically transparent spectral range. Moreover, when synthetic and naturally abundant inhibitors inhibit the CHE enzymes present in blood plasma, no significant modulations of the MC-SWCNT fluorescence are observed, allowing effective detection of CHE inhibition. The rationally designed SWCNT sensors platform for monitoring of enzymatic activity and inhibition in clinically relevant samples is envisioned to not only advance the field of clinical diagnostics but also deepen further understanding of enzyme-related processes in complex biological fluids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srestha Basu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Adi Hendler-Neumark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Gili Bisker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
M Santhosh N, Shvalya V, Modic M, Hojnik N, Zavašnik J, Olenik J, Košiček M, Filipič G, Abdulhalim I, Cvelbar U. Label-Free Mycotoxin Raman Identification by High-Performing Plasmonic Vertical Carbon Nanostructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103677. [PMID: 34636140 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are widespread chemical entities in the agriculture and food industries that can induce cancer growth and immune deficiency, posing a serious health threat for humankind. These hazardous compounds are produced naturally by various molds (fungi) that contaminate different food products and can be detected in cereals, nuts, spices, and other food products. However, their detection, especially at minimally harmful concentrations, remains a serious analytical challenge. This research shows that high-performing plasmonic substrates (analytical enhancement factor = 5 × 107 ) based on plasma-grown vertical hollow carbon nanotubes can be applied for immediate detection of the most toxic mycotoxins. Due to excellent sensitivity allowing operation at ppb concentrations, it is possible to collect vibrational fingerprints of aflatoxin B1 , zearalenone, alternariol, and fumonisin B1 , highlighting the key spectral differences between them using principal component analysis. Regarding time-consuming conventional methods, including thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the designed surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates provide a clear roadmap to reducing the detection time-scale of mycotoxins down to seconds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neelakandan M Santhosh
- Department of Gaseous Electronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Vasyl Shvalya
- Department of Gaseous Electronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Martina Modic
- Department of Gaseous Electronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Hojnik
- Department of Gaseous Electronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Janez Zavašnik
- Department of Gaseous Electronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Jaka Olenik
- Department of Gaseous Electronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Martin Košiček
- Department of Gaseous Electronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Filipič
- Department of Gaseous Electronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Ibrahim Abdulhalim
- Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ilse-Katz Institute for Nano-Scale Science and Technology, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Uroš Cvelbar
- Department of Gaseous Electronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Filippov SV, Popov EO, Kolosko AG. Numerical simulations of field emission characteristics of open CNT. Ultramicroscopy 2021; 230:113362. [PMID: 34365075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Numerical simulations on field emission properties of an open single-walled carbon nanotube with radius r = 1 nm have been carried out. Using finite element method, we have calculated the local electric field Floc and field enhancement factor γ distribution over the surface of the open CNT. From these calculations, we plot theoretical current-voltage characteristics and assess effective field characteristics for CNT with wall thickness w = 0.2 nm and height h = {3, 11, 101, 1001} nm. It was revealed that the maximum emission current did not change when applied field at the top of the CNT corresponds to the scaled barrier field f = 0.45. Obtained values of effective emission area are in good agreement with surface area, which has the highest field enhancement factor. In addition, we have plotted a "map" of maximum field enhancement factor γa for open CNTs with various wall thickness - w ϵ [0.1; 0.9] nm and heights h ϵ [11; 1001] nm. It was shown that maximum field enhancement factor is a nonlinear function of h/r and h/w ratios.
Collapse
|
5
|
Rabbani MT, Schmidt CF, Ros A. Length-Selective Dielectrophoretic Manipulation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8901-8908. [PMID: 32447955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) possess unique physical, optical, and electrical properties with great potential for future nanoscale device applications. Common synthesis procedures yield SWNTs with large length polydispersity and varying chirality. Electrical and optical applications of SWNTs often require specific lengths, but the preparation of SWNTs with the desired length is still challenging. Insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) integrated into a microfluidic device has the potential to separate SWNTs by length. Semiconducting SWNTs of varying length suspended with sodium deoxycholate (NaDOC) show unique dielectrophoretic properties at low frequencies (<1 kHz) that were exploited here using an iDEP-based microfluidic constriction sorter device for length-based sorting. Specific migration directions in the constriction sorter were induced for long SWNTs (≥1000 nm) with negative dielectrophoretic properties compared to short (≤300 nm) SWNTs with positive dielectrophoretic properties. We report continuous fractionation conditions for length-based iDEP migration of SWNTs, and we characterize the dynamics of migration of SWNTs in the microdevice using a finite element model. Based on the length and dielectrophoretic characteristics, sorting efficiencies for long and short SWNTs recovered from separate channels of the constriction sorter amounted to >90% and were in excellent agreement with a numerical model for the sorting process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T Rabbani
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Third Institute of Physics - Biophysics, Department of Physics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph F Schmidt
- Third Institute of Physics - Biophysics, Department of Physics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Physics and Soft Matter Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Alexandra Ros
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang F, Wang M, Zhang D, Yang J, Zheng M, Li Y. Chirality Pure Carbon Nanotubes: Growth, Sorting, and Characterization. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2693-2758. [PMID: 32039585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been attracting tremendous attention owing to their structure (chirality) dependent outstanding properties, which endow them with great potential in a wide range of applications. The preparation of chirality-pure SWCNTs is not only a great scientific challenge but also a crucial requirement for many high-end applications. As such, research activities in this area over the last two decades have been very extensive. In this review, we summarize recent achievements and accumulated knowledge thus far and discuss future developments and remaining challenges from three aspects: controlled growth, postsynthesis sorting, and characterization techniques. In the growth part, we focus on the mechanism of chirality-controlled growth and catalyst design. In the sorting part, we organize and analyze existing literature based on sorting targets rather than methods. Since chirality assignment and quantification is essential in the study of selective preparation, we also include in the last part a comprehensive description and discussion of characterization techniques for SWCNTs. It is our view that even though progress made in this area is impressive, more efforts are still needed to develop both methodologies for preparing ultrapure (e.g., >99.99%) SWCNTs in large quantity and nondestructive fast characterization techniques with high spatial resolution for various nanotube samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Daqi Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thakur SK, Goswami K, Bhattacharjee S, Soni U, Guchhait P, Eswaran SV. A Water Soluble Single Walled Carbon Nanotube Aryl Aziridino Carboxylic Acid Decorated Mn (II) Complex Increased Root Growth in
Arabidopsis thaliana. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Thakur
- TERI School of Advanced Studies, Plot No. 10, Vasant Kunj Institutional Area New Delhi- 110070, Delhi India
| | - K. Goswami
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB)under the auspices of UNESCO- DBTNCR Biotech Science Cluster) 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway Faridabad- 121001, Haryana India
| | - S. Bhattacharjee
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB)under the auspices of UNESCO- DBTNCR Biotech Science Cluster) 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway Faridabad- 121001, Haryana India
| | - U. Soni
- TERI School of Advanced Studies, Plot No. 10, Vasant Kunj Institutional Area New Delhi- 110070, Delhi India
| | - P. Guchhait
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB)under the auspices of UNESCO- DBTNCR Biotech Science Cluster) 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway Faridabad- 121001, Haryana India
| | - S. V. Eswaran
- Teri Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre (TDNBC)TERI Gram, Gwal Pahari, Gurgaon-Faridabad Expressway, Gurugram Haryana- 122 003 India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Carpena-Núñez J, Boscoboinik JA, Saber S, Rao R, Zhong JQ, Maschmann MR, Kidambi PR, Dee NT, Zakharov DN, Hart AJ, Stach EA, Maruyama B. Isolating the Roles of Hydrogen Exposure and Trace Carbon Contamination on the Formation of Active Catalyst Populations for Carbon Nanotube Growth. ACS NANO 2019; 13:8736-8748. [PMID: 31329425 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Limited understanding of the factors influencing the yield of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) relative to the number of catalyst particles remains an important barrier to their large-scale production with high quality, and to tailoring CNT properties for applications. This lack of understanding is evident in the frequent use of Edisonian approaches to give high-yield CNT growth, and in the sometimes-confusing influence of trace residues on the reactor walls. In order to create conditions wherein CNT yield is reproducible and to enable large-scale and reliable CNT synthesis, it is imperative to understand-fundamentally-how these common practices impact catalytic activity and thus CNT number density. Herein, we use ambient pressure-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) to reveal the influence of carbon and hydrogen on the coupling between catalyst reduction and CNT nucleation, from an iron catalyst film. We observe a positive correlation between the degree of catalyst reduction and the density of vertically aligned CNTs (forests), verifying that effective catalyst reduction is critical to CNT nucleation and to the resulting CNT growth yield. We demonstrate that the extent of catalyst reduction is the reason for low CNT number density and for lack of self-organization, lift-off, and growth of CNT forests. We also show that hydrocarbon byproducts from consecutive growths can facilitate catalyst reduction and increase CNT number density significantly. These findings suggest that common practices used in the field-such as reactor preconditioning-aid in the reduction of the catalyst population, thus improving CNT number density and enabling the growth of dense forests. Our results also motivate future work using AP-XPS and complementary metrology tools to optimize CNT growth conditions according to the catalyst chemical state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Carpena-Núñez
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Jorge Anibal Boscoboinik
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Sammy Saber
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Rahul Rao
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES, Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45432 , United States
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhong
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Matthew R Maschmann
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
| | - Piran R Kidambi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37212 , United States
| | - Nicholas T Dee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Dmitri N Zakharov
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - A John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Eric A Stach
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Benji Maruyama
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Evolution of morphology and electrochemical properties of colloidal nematic liquid crystal doped with carbon nanotubes and magnetite. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.110927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
10
|
Lin D, Zhang S, Liu W, Yu Y, Zhang J. Carburization of Fe/Ni Catalyst for Efficient Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902240. [PMID: 31264772 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Scale-up production of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with high quality and purity is in pursuit, since the subsequent post purification treatment of residual metal or amorphous carbon is complicated and restricts further applications. Here, a compatible method to efficiently synthesize pure SWNTs on various supporters by using the precarburized Fe/Ni catalysts is reported. The preparation of catalysts is achieved by gas phase deposition together with CO gas at proper temperature, and the carburization of metal particles occurring simultaneously contributes to the size limitation of catalysts. By using micro-quartz sand as a recyclable supporter, high-quality SWNTs with a yield of 50 mg h-1 are prepared with 60% metal precursor utilization, 81% carbon source utilization, and only 0.12% (m/m) metal residues. Taking advantage of carburized Fe/Ni catalysts and appropriate supports makes it possible to balance the quantity, purity, and quality among SWNTs growth. Furthermore, this method provides a straightforward pathway to strongly combine SWNTs and diverse composite materials for further potential applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dewu Lin
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuchen Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Weiming Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li H, Wang S, Ji Z, Xu C, Shlyakhtenko LS, Guo P. Construction of RNA nanotubes. NANO RESEARCH 2019; 12:1952-1958. [PMID: 32153728 PMCID: PMC7062307 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-019-2463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanotubes are miniature materials with significant potential applications in nanotechnological, medical, biological and material sciences. The quest for manufacturing methods of nano-mechanical modules is in progress. For example, the application of carbon nanotubes has been extensively investigated due to the precise width control, but the precise length control remains challenging. Here we report two approaches for the one-pot self-assembly of RNA nanotubes. For the first approach, six RNA strands were used to assemble the nanotube by forming a 11 nm long hollow channel with the inner diameter of 1.7 nm and the outside diameter of 6.3 nm. For the second approach, six RNA strands were designed to hybridize with their neighboring strands by complementary base pairing and formed a nanotube with a six-helix hollow channel similar to the nanotube assembled by the first approach. The fabricated RNA nanotubes were characterized by gel electrophoresis and atomic force microscopy (AFM), confirming the formation of nanotube-shaped RNA nanostructures. Cholesterol molecules were introduced into RNA nanotubes to facilitate their incorporation into lipid bilayer. Incubation of RNA nanotube complex with the free-standing lipid bilayer membrane under applied voltage led to discrete current signatures. Addition of peptides into the sensing chamber revealed discrete steps of current blockage. Polyarginine peptides with different lengths can be detected by current signatures, suggesting that the RNA-cholesterol complex holds the promise of achieving single molecule sensing of peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine; Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shaoying Wang
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine; Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zhouxiang Ji
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine; Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Congcong Xu
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine; Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lyudmila S Shlyakhtenko
- UNMC Nanoimaging Core Facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine; Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Roumeli E, Diamantopoulou M, Serra-Garcia M, Johanns P, Parcianello G, Daraio C. Characterization of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Forests Grown on Stainless Steel Surfaces. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9030444. [PMID: 30875999 PMCID: PMC6474093 DOI: 10.3390/nano9030444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) forests are a particularly interesting class of nanomaterials, because they combine multifunctional properties, such as high energy absorption, compressive strength, recoverability, and super-hydrophobicity with light weight. These characteristics make them suitable for application as coating, protective layers, and antifouling substrates for metallic pipelines and blades. Direct growth of CNT forests on metals offers the possibility of transferring the tunable CNT functionalities directly onto the desired substrates. Here, we focus on characterizing the structure and mechanical properties, as well as wettability and adhesion, of CNT forests grown on different types of stainless steel. We investigate the correlations between composition and morphology of the steel substrates with the micro-structure of the CNTs and reveal how the latter ultimately controls the mechanical and wetting properties of the CNT forest. Additionally, we study the influence of substrate morphology on the adhesion of CNTs to their substrate. We highlight that the same structure-property relationships govern the mechanical performance of CNT forests grown on steels and on Si.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Roumeli
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Marianna Diamantopoulou
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Marc Serra-Garcia
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Paul Johanns
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Chiara Daraio
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rao R, Pint CL, Islam AE, Weatherup RS, Hofmann S, Meshot ER, Wu F, Zhou C, Dee N, Amama PB, Carpena-Nuñez J, Shi W, Plata DL, Penev ES, Yakobson BI, Balbuena PB, Bichara C, Futaba DN, Noda S, Shin H, Kim KS, Simard B, Mirri F, Pasquali M, Fornasiero F, Kauppinen EI, Arnold M, Cola BA, Nikolaev P, Arepalli S, Cheng HM, Zakharov DN, Stach EA, Zhang J, Wei F, Terrones M, Geohegan DB, Maruyama B, Maruyama S, Li Y, Adams WW, Hart AJ. Carbon Nanotubes and Related Nanomaterials: Critical Advances and Challenges for Synthesis toward Mainstream Commercial Applications. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11756-11784. [PMID: 30516055 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the synthesis and scalable manufacturing of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) remain critical to realizing many important commercial applications. Here we review recent breakthroughs in the synthesis of SWCNTs and highlight key ongoing research areas and challenges. A few key applications that capitalize on the properties of SWCNTs are also reviewed with respect to the recent synthesis breakthroughs and ways in which synthesis science can enable advances in these applications. While the primary focus of this review is on the science framework of SWCNT growth, we draw connections to mechanisms underlying the synthesis of other 1D and 2D materials such as boron nitride nanotubes and graphene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Rao
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Cary L Pint
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 United States
| | - Ahmad E Islam
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Robert S Weatherup
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
- University of Manchester at Harwell, Diamond Light Source, Didcot , Oxfordshire OX11 0DE , U.K
| | - Stephan Hofmann
- Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FA , U.K
| | - Eric R Meshot
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 United States
| | - Fanqi Wu
- Ming-Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Chongwu Zhou
- Ming-Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Nicholas Dee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Placidus B Amama
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering , Kansas State University , Manhattan , Kansas 66506 , United States
| | - Jennifer Carpena-Nuñez
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Wenbo Shi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Desiree L Plata
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Evgeni S Penev
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Perla B Balbuena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Christophe Bichara
- Aix-Marseille University and CNRS , CINaM UMR 7325 , 13288 Marseille , France
| | - Don N Futaba
- Nanotube Research Center , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba 305-8565 , Japan
| | - Suguru Noda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering , Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo , Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555 , Japan
| | - Homin Shin
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Research Centre, Emerging Technologies Division , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - Keun Su Kim
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Research Centre, Emerging Technologies Division , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - Benoit Simard
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Research Centre, Emerging Technologies Division , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - Francesca Mirri
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Matteo Pasquali
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Francesco Fornasiero
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 United States
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics , Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 15100 , FI-00076 Espoo , Finland
| | - Michael Arnold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Baratunde A Cola
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Pavel Nikolaev
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Sivaram Arepalli
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science , Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Dmitri N Zakharov
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Eric A Stach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Physics and Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - David B Geohegan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Benji Maruyama
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Yan Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - W Wade Adams
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - A John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Island JO, Ostermann M, Aspitarte L, Minot ED, Varsano D, Molinari E, Rontani M, Steele GA. Interaction-Driven Giant Orbital Magnetic Moments in Carbon Nanotubes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:127704. [PMID: 30296145 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.127704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes continue to be model systems for studies of confinement and interactions. This is particularly true in the case of so-called "ultraclean" carbon nanotube devices offering the study of quantum dots with extremely low disorder. The quality of such systems, however, has increasingly revealed glaring discrepancies between experiment and theory. Here, we address the outstanding anomaly of exceptionally large orbital magnetic moments in carbon nanotube quantum dots. We perform low temperature magnetotransport measurements of the orbital magnetic moment and find it is up to 7 times larger than expected from the conventional semiclassical model. Moreover, the magnitude of the magnetic moment monotonically drops with the addition of each electron to the quantum dot directly contradicting the widely accepted shell filling picture of single-particle levels. We carry out quasiparticle calculations, both from first principles and within the effective-mass approximation, and find the giant magnetic moments can only be captured by considering a self-energy correction to the electronic band structure due to electron-electron interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua O Island
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - Marvin Ostermann
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - Lee Aspitarte
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Ethan D Minot
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | | | - Elisa Molinari
- CNR-NANO, Via Campi 213a, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche (FIM), Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Gary A Steele
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Valentini F, Mari E, Zicari A, Calcaterra A, Talamo M, Scioli MG, Orlandi A, Mardente S. Metal Free Graphene Oxide (GO) Nanosheets and Pristine-Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (p-SWCNTs) Biocompatibility Investigation: A Comparative Study in Different Human Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051316. [PMID: 29710799 PMCID: PMC5983736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro biocompatibility of Graphene Oxide (GO) nanosheets, which were obtained by the electrochemical exfoliation of graphite electrodes in an electrolytic bath containing salts, was compared with the pristine Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (p-SWCNTs) under the same experimental conditions in different human cell lines. The cells were treated with different concentrations of GO and SWCNTs for up to 48 h. GO did not induce any significant morphological or functional modifications (demonstrating a high biocompatibility), while SWNCTs were toxic at any concentration used after a few hours of treatment. The cell viability or cytotoxicity were detected by the trypan blue assay and the lactate dehydrogenase LDH quantitative enzymatic test. The Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis demonstrated the uptake and internalization of GO sheets into cells, which was localized mainly in the cytoplasm. Different results were observed in the same cell lines treated with p-SWCNTs. TEM and CLSM (Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy) showed that the p-SWCNTs induced vacuolization in the cytoplasm, disruption of cellular architecture and damage to the nuclei. The most important result of this study is our finding of a higher GO biocompatibility compared to the p-SWCNTs in the same cell lines. This means that GO nanosheets, which are obtained by the electrochemical exfoliation of a graphite-based electrode (carried out in saline solutions or other physiological working media) could represent an eligible nanocarrier for drug delivery, gene transfection and molecular cell imaging tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Valentini
- Department of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
- INUIT Foundation, University of Roma Tor Vergata, via dell'Archigginasio, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Mari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Zicari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Calcaterra
- INUIT Foundation, University of Roma Tor Vergata, via dell'Archigginasio, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Talamo
- INUIT Foundation, University of Roma Tor Vergata, via dell'Archigginasio, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Giovanna Scioli
- Department of Medicine, Pathological Anatomy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Department of Medicine, Pathological Anatomy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefania Mardente
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bucior BJ, Kolmakov GV, Male JM, Liu J, Chen DL, Kumar P, Johnson JK. Adsorption and Diffusion of Fluids in Defective Carbon Nanotubes: Insights from Molecular Simulations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:11834-11844. [PMID: 28915730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been shown from both simulations and experiments to have remarkably low resistance to gas and liquid transport. This has been attributed to the remarkably smooth interior surface of pristine SWNTs. However, real SWNTs are known to have various defects that depend on the synthesis method and procedure used to activate the SWNTs. In this paper, we study adsorption and transport properties of atomic and molecular fluids in SWNTs having vacancy point defects. We construct models of defective nanotubes that have either unrelaxed defects, where the overall structure of the SWNT is not changed, or reconstructed defects, where the bonding topology and therefore the shape of the SWNT is allowed to change. Furthermore, we include partial atomic charges on the SWNT carbon atoms due to the reconstructed defects. We consider adsorption and diffusion of Ar atoms and CO2 and H2O molecules as examples of a noble gas, a linear quadrupolar fluid, and a polar fluid. Adsorption isotherms were found to be fairly insensitive to the defects, even for the case of water in the charged, reconstructed SWNT. We have computed both the self-diffusivities and corrected diffusivities (which are directly related to the transport diffusivities) for each of these fluids. In general, we found that at zero loading that defects can dramatically reduce the self- and corrected diffusivities. However, at high, liquidlike loadings, the self-diffusion coefficients for pristine and defective nanotubes are very similar, indicating that fluid-fluid collisions dominate the dynamics over the fluid-SWNT collisions. In contrast, the corrected diffusion coefficients can be more than an order of magnitude lower for water in defective SWNTs. This dramatic decrease in the transport diffusion is due to the formation of an ordered structure of water, which forms around a local defect site. It is therefore important to properly characterize the level and types of defects when accurate transport diffusivities are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Bucior
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - German V Kolmakov
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Physics Department, NYC College of Technology, the City University of New York , Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - JoAnna M Male
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Jinchen Liu
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - De-Li Chen
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - J Karl Johnson
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Water vapor transport in carbon nanotube membranes and application in breathable and protective fabrics. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
18
|
A Forest of Sub-1.5-nm-wide Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes over an Engineered Alumina Support. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46725. [PMID: 28429744 PMCID: PMC5399450 DOI: 10.1038/srep46725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A precise control of the dimension of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in their vertical array could enable many promising applications in various fields. Here, we demonstrate the growth of vertically aligned, single-walled CNTs (VA-SWCNTs) with diameters in the sub-1.5-nm range (0.98 ± 0.24 nm), by engineering a catalyst support layer of alumina via thermal annealing followed by ion beam treatment. We find out that the ion beam bombardment on the alumina allows the growth of ultra-narrow nanotubes, whereas the thermal annealing promotes the vertical alignment at the expense of enlarged diameters; in an optimal combination, these two effects can cooperate to produce the ultra-narrow VA-SWCNTs. According to micro- and spectroscopic characterizations, ion beam bombardment amorphizes the alumina surface to increase the porosity, defects, and oxygen-laden functional groups on it to inhibit Ostwald ripening of catalytic Fe nanoparticles effectively, while thermal annealing can densify bulk alumina to prevent subsurface diffusion of the catalyst particles. Our findings contribute to the current efforts of precise diameter control of VA-SWCNTs, essential for applications such as membranes and energy storage devices.
Collapse
|
19
|
Li M, Liu X, Zhao X, Yang F, Wang X, Li Y. Metallic Catalysts for Structure-Controlled Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:29. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
20
|
Schrettl S, Schulte B, Frauenrath H. Templating for hierarchical structure control in carbon materials. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:18828-18848. [PMID: 27827511 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06695j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based materials show a remarkable variety of physical properties. For this reason, they have recently been explored for many advanced applications and emerging technologies. In the absence of actual "chemical" functionalities in these materials, tailoring these physical properties requires control on all levels of the structural hierarchy, from the atomic structure (carbon connectivity, defects, impurities), to the supramolecular level (domain orientations), nanoscopic length scale (domain sizes, porosity), microscopic structure (morphology), and macroscopic aspects (shape, surface chemistry). When preparing carbon materials, all these features can be tailored through the use of hard, soft, or molecular templates. Based on such templating approaches or through their combination, tremendous progress towards hierarchically structured carbon materials has recently been accomplished. Novel carbon nanomaterials such as brick-walled carbon tubes, carbon nanotube forests, coral-like carbon monoliths, or functional carbon nanosheets have become available, some of which exhibit unusual combinations of electronic, mechanical, and chemical properties. This review aims to discuss how the different templating approaches allow the control of structure formation on various length scales, how hierarchical structure formation can be realized, and which challenges remain, such as the detailed control over the carbon connectivity or the surface chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Schrettl
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, EPFL - STI - IMX - LMOM MXG 134, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Slattery AD, Shearer CJ, Gibson CT, Shapter JG, Lewis DA, Stapleton AJ. Carbon nanotube modified probes for stable and high sensitivity conductive atomic force microscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:475708. [PMID: 27782008 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/47/475708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) is used to characterise the nanoscale electrical properties of many conducting and semiconducting materials. We investigate the effect of single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) modification of commercial Pt/Ir cantilevers on the sensitivity and image stability during C-AFM imaging. Pt/Ir cantilevers were modified with small bundles of SWCNTs via a manual attachment procedure and secured with a conductive platinum pad. AFM images of topography and current were collected from heterogeneous polymer and nanomaterial samples using both standard and SWCNT modified cantilevers. Typically, achieving a good current image comes at the cost of reduced feedback stability. In part, this is due to electrostatic interaction and increased tip wear upon applying a bias between the tip and the sample. The SWCNT modified tips displayed superior current sensitivity and feedback stability which, combined with superior wear resistance of SWCNTs, is a significant advancement for C-AFM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D Slattery
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cui K, Kumamoto A, Xiang R, An H, Wang B, Inoue T, Chiashi S, Ikuhara Y, Maruyama S. Synthesis of subnanometer-diameter vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes with copper-anchored cobalt catalysts. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:1608-1617. [PMID: 26690843 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We synthesize vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (VA-SWNTs) with subnanometer diameters on quartz (and SiO2/Si) substrates by alcohol CVD using Cu-anchored Co catalysts. The uniform VA-SWNTs with a nanotube diameter of 1 nm are synthesized at a CVD temperature of 800 °C and have a thickness of several tens of μm. The diameter of SWNTs was reduced to 0.75 nm at 650 °C with the G/D ratio maintained above 24. Scanning transmission electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS-STEM) and high angle annular dark field (HAADF-STEM) imaging of the Co/Cu bimetallic catalyst system showed that Co catalysts were captured and anchored by adjacent Cu nanoparticles, and thus were prevented from coalescing into a larger size, which contributed to the small diameter of SWNTs. The correlation between the catalyst size and the SWNT diameter was experimentally clarified. The subnanometer-diameter and high-quality SWNTs are expected to pave the way to replace silicon for next-generation optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kehang Cui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Akihito Kumamoto
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Hua An
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Benjamin Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan. and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Taiki Inoue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Shohei Chiashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Ikuhara
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan. and Energy NanoEngineering Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-2-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-8564, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen G, Davis RC, Futaba DN, Sakurai S, Kobashi K, Yumura M, Hata K. A sweet spot for highly efficient growth of vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotube forests enabling their unique structures and properties. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:162-171. [PMID: 26619935 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05537g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the correlation between growth efficiency and structural parameters of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) forests and report the existence of a SWCNT "sweet spot" in the CNT diameter and spacing domain for highly efficient synthesis. Only within this region could SWCNTs be grown efficiently. Through the investigation of the growth rates for ∼340 CNT forests spanning diameters from 1.3 to 8.0 nm and average spacing from 5 to 80 nm, this "sweet spot" was found to exist because highly efficient growth was constrained by several mechanistic boundaries that either hindered the formation or reduced the growth rate of SWCNT forests. Specifically, with increased diameter SWCNTs transitioned to multiwalled CNTs (multiwall border), small diameter SWCNTs could only be grown at low growth rates (low efficiency border), sparse SWCNTs lacked the requirements to vertically align (lateral growth border), and high density catalysts could not be prepared (high catalyst density border). As a result, the SWCNTs synthesized within this "sweet spot" possessed a unique set of characteristics vital for the development applications, such as large diameter, long, aligned, defective, and high specific surface area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guohai Chen
- Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1- Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Robert C Davis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Don N Futaba
- Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1- Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Sakurai
- Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1- Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Kazufumi Kobashi
- Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1- Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Motoo Yumura
- Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1- Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Kenji Hata
- Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1- Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gong Z, Shi J, Ma W, Zhang B, Zhang J. Engineering-scale superlubricity of the fingerprint-like carbon films based on high power pulsed plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24933g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering scale superlubricity was realized by the fingerprint-like carbon films, which offer exciting application opportunity in vehicles, turbines, and manufacturing equipment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Jing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Miners SA, Rance GA, Khlobystov AN. Chemical reactions confined within carbon nanotubes. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4727-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00090h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The confinement of molecules and catalysts inside carbon nanotubes affects the yield and distribution of products of preparative chemical reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Graham A. Rance
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre
| | - Andrei N. Khlobystov
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The Application of Gas Dwell Time Control for Rapid Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Forest Synthesis to Acetylene Feedstock. NANOMATERIALS 2015; 5:1200-1210. [PMID: 28347060 PMCID: PMC5304639 DOI: 10.3390/nano5031200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One aspect of carbon nanotube (CNT) synthesis that remains an obstacle to realize industrial mass production is the growth efficiency. Many approaches have been reported to improve the efficiency, either by lengthening the catalyst lifetime or by increasing the growth rate. We investigated the applicability of dwell time and carbon flux control to optimize yield, growth rate, and catalyst lifetime of water-assisted chemical vapor deposition of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) forests using acetylene as a carbon feedstock. Our results show that although acetylene is a precursor to CNT synthesis and possesses a high reactivity, the SWCNT forest growth efficiency is highly sensitive to dwell time and carbon flux similar to ethylene. Through a systematic study spanning a wide range of dwell time and carbon flux levels, the relationship of the height, growth rate, and catalyst lifetime is found. Further, for the optimum conditions for 10 min growth, SWCNT forests with ~2500 μm height, ~350 μm/min initial growth rates and extended lifetimes could be achieved by increasing the dwell time to ~5 s, demonstrating the generality of dwell time control to highly reactive gases.
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen J, Xu X, Zhang L, Huang S. Controlling the Diameter of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Improving the Dispersion of the Uniform Catalyst Nanoparticles on Substrate. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2015; 7:353-359. [PMID: 30464982 PMCID: PMC6223915 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-015-0050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To have uniform nanoparticles individually dispersed on substrate before single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) growth at high temperature is the key for controlling the diameter of the SWNTs. In this letter, a facile approach to control the diameter and distribution of the SWNTs by improving the dispersion of the uniform Fe/Mo nanoparticles on silicon wafers with silica layer chemically modified by 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane under different conditions is reported. It is found that the dispersion of the catalyst nanoparticles on Si wafer surface can be improved greatly from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, and the diameter and distribution of the SWNTs depend strongly on the dispersion of the catalyst on the substrate surface. Well dispersion of the catalyst results in relatively smaller diameter and narrower distribution of the SWNTs due to the decrease of aggregation and enhancement of dispersion of the catalyst nanoparticles before growth. It is also found that the diameter of the superlong aligned SWNTs is smaller with more narrow distribution than that of random nanotubes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Chen
- Nanomaterials and Chemistry Key Laboratory, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325027 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangju Xu
- Nanomaterials and Chemistry Key Laboratory, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325027 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Nanomaterials and Chemistry Key Laboratory, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325027 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoming Huang
- Nanomaterials and Chemistry Key Laboratory, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325027 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kharisov BI, Kharissova OV, García BO, Méndez YP, de la Fuente IG. State of the art of nanoforest structures and their applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22738k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Forest-like nanostructures, their syntheses, properties, and applications are reviewed.
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhao K, Wu H. Structure-dependent water transport across nanopores of carbon nanotubes: toward selective gating upon temperature regulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:10343-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp06054g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An ultrafast-slow flow transition phenomenon for water transport across nanopores is induced by the change in water structure in nanopores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuiwen Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Huiying Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- China
| |
Collapse
|