1
|
Zhou Y, Tang TY, Lee BHJ, Arya G. Tunable Orientation and Assembly of Polymer-Grafted Nanocubes at Fluid-Fluid Interfaces. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7457-7470. [PMID: 35452220 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of faceted nanoparticles is a promising route for fabricating nanomaterials; however, achieving low-dimensional assemblies of particles with tunable orientations is challenging. Here, we demonstrate that trapping surface-functionalized faceted nanoparticles at fluid-fluid interfaces is a viable approach for controlling particle orientation and facilitating their assembly into unique one- and two-dimensional superstructures. Using molecular dynamics simulations of polymer-grafted nanocubes in a polymer bilayer along with a particle-orientation classification method we developed, we show that the nanocubes can be induced into face-up, edge-up, or vertex-up orientations by tuning the graft density and differences in their miscibility with the two polymer layers. The orientational preference of the nanocubes is found to be governed by an interplay between the interfacial area occluded by the particle, the difference in interactions of the grafts with the two layers, and the stretching and intercalation of grafts at the interface. The resulting orientationally constrained nanocubes are then shown to assemble into a variety of unusual architectures, such as rectilinear strings, close-packed sheets, bilayer ribbons, and perforated sheets, which are difficult to obtain using other assembly methods. Our work thus demonstrates a versatile strategy for assembling freestanding arrays of faceted nanoparticles with possible applications in plasmonics, optics, catalysis, and membranes, where precise control over particle orientation and position is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Tsung-Yeh Tang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Brian Hyun-Jong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Gaurav Arya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Biswas S, Mirotznik M. High gain, wide-angle QCTO-enabled modified Luneburg lens antenna with broadband anti-reflective layer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12646. [PMID: 32724073 PMCID: PMC7387564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The gradient-index (GRIN) Luneburg lens antenna offers significant benefits, e.g. high aperture efficiency, low-power, minimal cost, wide beam scanning angle and broad bandwidth, over phased array antennas and reflector antennas. However, the spherical shape of the Luneburg lens geometry complicates the integration of standard planar feed sources and poses significant implementation challenge. To eliminate the feed mismatch problem, the quasi-conformal transformation optics (QCTO) method can be adopted to modify the lens’ spherical feed surface into a planar one. However, Luneburg lenses designed with QCTO method are limited to poor performance due to the presence of the reflections and beam broadening arising from the quasi-conformal mapping. In this paper, we present a new method of implementing QCTO-enabled modified Luneburg lens antenna by designing a broadband anti-reflective layer along with the modified lens’s planar excitation surface. The proposed anti-reflector layer is inherently broadband in nature, has a continuously tapered inhomogeneous dielectric permittivity profile along its thickness, and ensures broadband impedance matching. To show the new QCTO modified Luneburg lens antenna, an example lens antenna was designed at Ka-band (26–40 GHz) and fabricated using fused deposition modeling (FDM) based additive manufacturing technique. Electromagnetic performance of the lens antenna was experimentally demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Biswas
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA. .,Advanced Antenna Technology Group, Envistacom, Peachtree Corners, GA, 30092, USA.
| | - Mark Mirotznik
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang Y, Li Y. 3D Printed Auxetic Mechanical Metamaterial with Chiral Cells and Re-entrant Cores. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2397. [PMID: 29402940 PMCID: PMC5799406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20795-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
By combining the two basic deformation mechanisms for auxetic open-cell metamaterials, re-entrant angle and chirality, new hybrid chiral mechanical metamaterials are designed and fabricated via a multi-material 3D printer. Results from mechanical experiments on the 3D printed prototypes and systematic Finite Element (FE) simulations show that the new designs can achieve subsequential cell-opening mechanism under a very large range of overall strains (2.91%-52.6%). Also, the effective stiffness, the Poisson's ratio and the cell-opening rate of the new designs can be tuned in a wide range by tailoring the two independent geometric parameters: the cell size ratio [Formula: see text], and re-entrant angle θ. As an example application, a sequential particle release mechanism of the new designs was also systematically explored. This mechanism has potential application in drug delivery. The present new design concepts can be used to develop new multi-functional smart composites, sensors and/or actuators which are responsive to external load and/or environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyao Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH03824, USA
| | - Yaning Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH03824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shi W, Zhang Z, Li S. Quantitative Prediction of Position and Orientation for Platonic Nanoparticles at Liquid/Liquid Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:373-382. [PMID: 29298065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Because of their intrinsic geometric structure of vertices, edges, and facets, Platonic nanoparticles are promising materials in plasmonics and biosensing. Their position and orientation often play a crucial role in determining the resultant assembly structures at a liquid/liquid interface. Here, we numerically explored all possible orientations of three Platonic nanoparticles (tetrahedron, cube, and octahedron) and found that a specific orientation (vertex-up, edge-up, or facet-up) is more preferred than random orientations. We also demonstrated their positions and orientations can be quantitatively predicted when the surface tensions dominate their total interaction energies. The line tensions may affect their positions and orientations only when total interaction energies are close to each other for more than one orientation. The molecular dynamics simulation results were in excellent agreement with our theoretical predictions. Our theory will advance our ability toward predicting the final structures of Platonic nanoparticle assemblies at a liquid/liquid interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiong Shi
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798
| | - Zhonghan Zhang
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798
| | - Shuzhou Li
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Z, Li C, Zatianina R, Zhang P, Zhang Y. Carpet cloak for water waves. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:053107. [PMID: 29347642 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.053107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cloaking is a challenging topic in the field of wave motion, and is of significant theoretical value. In this article, a type of carpet cloak has been theoretically designed for water waves by using the effective medium and transformation theory. This carpet cloak device, created by a three-dimensional printer, is composed of a periodic structure which realizes the equivalent anisotropic water depth. We demonstrate its excellent cloaking performance numerically and experimentally in a wide range of frequencies and angles of incidence, with low wave attenuation characteristics and simple device realization of this carpet cloak illustrating that water wave transformation is a powerful method with which to manipulate water waves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Li
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Razafizana Zatianina
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Scalable variable-index elasto-optic metamaterials for macroscopic optical components and devices. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16090. [PMID: 28699634 PMCID: PMC5510221 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical metamaterials with an artificial subwavelength structure offer new approaches to implement advanced optical devices. However, some of the biggest challenges associated with the development of metamaterials in the visible spectrum are the high costs and slow production speeds of the nanofabrication processes. Here, we demonstrate a macroscale (>35 mm) transformation-optics wave bender (293 mm2) and Luneburg lens (855 mm2) in the broadband white-light visible wavelength range using the concept of elasto-optic metamaterials that combines optics and solid mechanics. Our metamaterials consist of mesoscopically homogeneous chunks of bulk aerogels with superior, broadband optical transparency across the visible spectrum and an adjustable, stress-tuneable refractive index ranging from 1.43 down to nearly the free space index (∼1.074). The experimental results show that broadband light can be controlled and redirected in a volume of >105λ × 105λ × 103λ, which enables natural light to be processed directly by metamaterial-based optical devices without any additional coupling components.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim J, Shin D, Yoo DS, Kim K. Regularly configured structures with polygonal prisms for three-dimensional auxetic behaviour. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2017; 473:20160926. [PMID: 28690407 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2016.0926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here structures, constructed with regular polygonal prisms, that exhibit negative Poisson's ratios. In particular, we show how we can construct such a structure with regular n-gonal prism-shaped unit cells that are again built with regular n-gonal component prisms. First, we show that the only three possible values for n are 3, 4 and 6 and then discuss how we construct the unit cell again with regular n-gonal component prisms. Then, we derive Poisson's ratio formula for each of the three structures and show, by analysis and numerical verification, that the structures possess negative Poisson's ratio under certain geometric conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhyun Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongheok Shin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Sik Yoo
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hongik University, 94 Wausan-Ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 03967, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungsik Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
On the dynamics and control of mechanical properties of hierarchical rotating rigid unit auxetics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46529. [PMID: 28443646 PMCID: PMC5405418 DOI: 10.1038/srep46529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the deformation mechanism of auxetic hierarchical rotating square systems through a dynamics approach. We show how their deformation behaviour, hence their mechanical properties and final configuration for a given applied load, can be manipulated solely by altering the resistance to rotational motion of the hinges within the system. This provides enhanced tunability without necessarily changing the geometry of the system, a phenomenon which is not typically observed in other non-hierarchical unimode auxetic systems. This gives this hierarchical system increased versatility and tunability thus making it more amenable to be employed in practical application which may range from smart filtration to smart dressings.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang H, Lin J, Zhang D, Wang Y, Gu M, Urbach HP, Gan F, Zhuang S. Creation of an anti-imaging system using binary optics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33064. [PMID: 27620068 PMCID: PMC5020498 DOI: 10.1038/srep33064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a concealing method in which an anti-point spread function (APSF) is generated using binary optics, which produces a large-scale dark area in the focal region that can hide any object located within it. This result is achieved by generating two identical PSFs of opposite signs, one consisting of positive electromagnetic waves from the zero-phase region of the binary optical element and the other consisting of negative electromagnetic waves from the pi-phase region of the binary optical element.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Optical instruments and Systems Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Optical instruments and Systems Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Optical instruments and Systems Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghe Road No. 390, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Min Gu
- Artifical-Intelligence Nanophotonics Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - H P Urbach
- Optics Research Group, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Fuxi Gan
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghe Road No. 390, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Songlin Zhuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Optical instruments and Systems Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Neville RM, Scarpa F, Pirrera A. Shape morphing Kirigami mechanical metamaterials. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31067. [PMID: 27491945 PMCID: PMC4974615 DOI: 10.1038/srep31067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical metamaterials exhibit unusual properties through the shape and movement of their engineered subunits. This work presents a new investigation of the Poisson’s ratios of a family of cellular metamaterials based on Kirigami design principles. Kirigami is the art of cutting and folding paper to obtain 3D shapes. This technique allows us to create cellular structures with engineered cuts and folds that produce large shape and volume changes, and with extremely directional, tuneable mechanical properties. We demonstrate how to produce these structures from flat sheets of composite materials. By a combination of analytical models and numerical simulations we show how these Kirigami cellular metamaterials can change their deformation characteristics. We also demonstrate the potential of using these classes of mechanical metamaterials for shape change applications like morphing structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Neville
- Advanced Composites Centre for Innovation and Science (ACCIS), University of Bristol, Queens Building, University Walk, BS8 1TR, Bristol, UK
| | - Fabrizio Scarpa
- Advanced Composites Centre for Innovation and Science (ACCIS), University of Bristol, Queens Building, University Walk, BS8 1TR, Bristol, UK
| | - Alberto Pirrera
- Advanced Composites Centre for Innovation and Science (ACCIS), University of Bristol, Queens Building, University Walk, BS8 1TR, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Valente J, Plum E, Youngs IJ, Zheludev NI. Nano- and Micro-Auxetic Plasmonic Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:5176-5180. [PMID: 27143502 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures with a negative Poisson ratio are demonstrated, having the unusual mechanical property of auxetics to expand laterally when being stretched. Using nanomembrane technology, auxetics are shrunk by orders of magnitude, giving simultaneous access to optical properties of plasmonic metamaterials, as well as auxetic mechanical properties on the nanoscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Valente
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Eric Plum
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Ian J Youngs
- Platform Systems Division, DSTL, Salisbury, SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Nikolay I Zheludev
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- The Photonics Institute and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Elastic metamaterials for tuning circular polarization of electromagnetic waves. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28273. [PMID: 27320212 PMCID: PMC4913306 DOI: 10.1038/srep28273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic resonators are integrated with advanced elastic material to develop a new type of tunable metamaterial. An electromagnetic-elastic metamaterial able to switch on and off its electromagnetic chiral response is experimentally demonstrated. Such tunability is attained by harnessing the unique buckling properties of auxetic elastic materials (buckliballs) with embedded electromagnetic resonators. In these structures, simple uniaxial compression results in a complex but controlled pattern of deformation, resulting in a shift of its electromagnetic resonance, and in the structure transforming to a chiral state. The concept can be extended to the tuning of three-dimensional materials constructed from the meta-molecules, since all the components twist and deform into the same chiral configuration when compressed.
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang Y, Lee YH, Phang IY, Jiang R, Sim HYF, Wang J, Ling XY. A Chemical Approach To Break the Planar Configuration of Ag Nanocubes into Tunable Two-Dimensional Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:3872-3878. [PMID: 27203277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Current plasmonic metasurfaces of nanocubes are limited to planar configurations, restricting the ability to create tailored local electromagnetic fields. Here, we report a new chemical strategy to achieve tunable metasurfaces with nonplanar nanocube orientations, creating novel lattice-dependent field localization patterns. We manipulate the interfacial behaviors of Ag nanocubes by controlling the ratio of hydrophilic/hydrophobic molecules added in a binary thiol mixture during the surface functionalization step. The nanocube orientation at an oil/water interface can consequently be continuously tuned from planar to tilted and standing configurations, leading to the organization of Ag nanocubes into three unique large-area metacrystals, including square close-packed, linear, and hexagonal lattices. In particular, the linear and hexagonal metacrystals are unusual open lattices comprising nonplanar nanocubes, creating unique local electromagnetic field distribution patterns. Large-area "hot hexagons" with significant delocalization of hot spots form in the hexagonal metacrystal. With a lowest packing density of 24%, the hexagonal metacrystal generates nearly 350-fold stronger surface-enhanced Raman scattering as compared to the other denser-packing metacrystals, demonstrating the importance of achieving control over the geometrical and spatial orientation of the nanocubes in the metacrystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Yang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
| | - Yih Hong Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
| | - In Yee Phang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, 08-03, Singapore 138634
| | - Ruibin Jiang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Howard Yi Fan Sim
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xing Yi Ling
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shin D, Kim J, Yoo DS, Kim K. Design of 3D isotropic metamaterial device using smart transformation optics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:21892-21898. [PMID: 26368165 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.021892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report here a design method for a 3 dimensional (3D) isotropic transformation optical device using smart transformation optics. Inspired by solid mechanics, smart transformation optics regards a transformation optical medium as an elastic solid and deformations as coordinate transformations. Further developing from our previous work on 2D smart transformation optics, we introduce a method of 3D smart transformation optics to design 3D transformation optical devices by maintaining isotropic materials properties for all types of polarizations imposing free or nearly free boundary conditions. Due to the material isotropy, it is possible to fabricate such devices with structural metamaterials made purely of common dielectric materials. In conclusion, the practical importance of the method reported here lies in the fact that it enables us to fabricate, without difficulty, arbitrarily shaped 3D devices with existing 3D printing technology.
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu J, Jiang X, Fang N, Georget E, Abdeddaim R, Geffrin JM, Farhat M, Sabouroux P, Enoch S, Guenneau S. Molding acoustic, electromagnetic and water waves with a single cloak. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10678. [PMID: 26057934 PMCID: PMC4460817 DOI: 10.1038/srep10678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe two experiments demonstrating that a cylindrical cloak formerly introduced for linear surface liquid waves works equally well for sound and electromagnetic waves. This structured cloak behaves like an acoustic cloak with an effective anisotropic density and an electromagnetic cloak with an effective anisotropic permittivity, respectively. Measured forward scattering for pressure and magnetic fields are in good agreement and provide first evidence of broadband cloaking. Microwave experiments and 3D electromagnetic wave simulations further confirm reduced forward and backscattering when a rectangular metallic obstacle is surrounded by the structured cloak for cloaking frequencies between 2.6 and 7.0 GHz. This suggests, as supported by 2D finite element simulations, sound waves are cloaked between 3 and 8 KHz and linear surface liquid waves between 5 and 16 Hz. Moreover, microwave experiments show the field is reduced by 10 to 30 dB inside the invisibility region, which suggests the multi-wave cloak could be used as a protection against water, sonic or microwaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
| | - Nicholas Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
| | - Elodie Georget
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille- Institut Fresnel, Campus universitaire de Saint-Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Redha Abdeddaim
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille- Institut Fresnel, Campus universitaire de Saint-Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Michel Geffrin
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille- Institut Fresnel, Campus universitaire de Saint-Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Mohamed Farhat
- Division of Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pierre Sabouroux
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille- Institut Fresnel, Campus universitaire de Saint-Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Stefan Enoch
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille- Institut Fresnel, Campus universitaire de Saint-Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien Guenneau
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille- Institut Fresnel, Campus universitaire de Saint-Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|