1
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Althouse GC. Contaminant toxicity of concern for boars and semen used in assisted reproduction programs. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 269:107519. [PMID: 38897823 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The commercial swine industry utilizes artificial insemination (AI) in their breeding programs. With this assisted reproductive technology, the process starts by obtaining fresh ejaculates from desirable boars who are housed in a dedicated facility (i.e., stud) that also contains a clean-room laboratory where semen quality is assessed and then ejaculates processed into AI doses. In concert with AI adoption, disruptions in sow herd reproductive performance have been traced back to contributions made from the boar stud. Through field investigations and research, several extrinsic contaminants have been identified that impact semen quality either at the boar or AI-dose level. These contaminants can be categorized as either biological or chemical in origin, eliciting reprotoxic outcomes at the boar level and/or spermatotoxicity at the AI-dose level. Biological contaminants include multiple genera of primarily opportunistic microbes (i.e., bacteria, fungi), along with their secondary metabolites (e.g., endotoxins, exotoxins, mycotoxins). Chemical contaminants appear to originate from products used at the stud, and include cleaning agent/disinfectant residues, leachates from gloves and plastics, semen extender impurities, purified and drinking water impurities, and pesticides (i.e., biocides, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, wood preservatives). In conclusion, contaminants are a real and constant threat to the health and productivity of a stud, and have caused significant reproductive and economic losses in the swine industry. The knowledge gained in recognizing the types and sources of contaminants provides a solid foundation for the development and implementation of pro-active strategies that mitigate risk to the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Althouse
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA.
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2
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Lyngdoh ME, Chettri J, Kharchandy VF, Sheel R, Choudhury AR, Sarkar B, Pattanayak A, Deori S, Abedin SN, Kadirvel G. Synthesis of green zinc-oxide nanoparticles and its dose-dependent beneficial effect on spermatozoa during preservation: sperm functional integrity, fertility and antimicrobial activity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1326143. [PMID: 38464542 PMCID: PMC10920225 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1326143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The development of an effective extender is important for semen preservation and the artificial insemination (AI) industry. This study demonstrates the beneficial effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) as an additive to semen extenders to improve semen quality, fertility, and antibacterial activity during liquid preservation in a boar model. Methods: Initially, to find out the safe concentration of ZnO-NPs in sperm cells, a wide range of ZnO-NP concentrations (0, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1,000 μM) were co-incubated with sperm at 37°C for a cytotoxic study. These NP concentrations were compared to their salt control zinc acetate (ZA) at the same concentrations and to a control group. The effect of the different concentrations of ZnO-NPs on sperm motility, membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and apoptosis was assessed. Accordingly, the non-toxic dose was selected and supplemented in MODENA extender to determine its beneficial effect on the boar semen parameters mentioned and the lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels during liquid preservation at 16°C for 6 days. The non-cytotoxic dosage was subsequently chosen for AI, fertility investigations, and the evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of ZnO-NPs during preservation hours. An antibacterial study of ZnO-NPs and its salt control at doses of 10 μM and 50 μM was carried out by the colony forming unit (CFU) method. Results and discussion: The cytotoxic study revealed that 5, 10, and 50 μM of ZnO-NPs are safe. Consequently, semen preserved in the MODENA extender, incorporating the non-toxic dose, exhibited 10 and 50 μM ZnO-NPs as the optimal concentrations for beneficial outcomes during liquid preservation at 16°C. ZnO-NPs of 10 μM concentration resulted in a significantly (p < 0.05) improved conception rate of 86.95% compared to the control of 73.13%. ZnO-NPs of 10 and 50 μM concentrations exhibit potent antimicrobial action by reducing the number of colonies formed with days of preservation in comparison to the negative control. The investigation concluded that the incorporation of 10 μM ZnO-NPs led to enhancements in sperm motility, membrane integrity, and MMP, attributed to a reduction in the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. This improvement was accompanied by a concurrent increase in fertility rates, including farrowing rate and litter size, during the liquid preservation process. Furthermore, ZnO-NPs exhibited an antimicrobial effect, resulting in decreased bacterial growth while preserving boar semen at 16°C for 6 days. These findings suggest that ZnO-NPs could serve as a viable alternative to antibiotics, potentially mitigating antibiotic resistance concerns within the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jyoti Chettri
- Reproduction Biology Laboratory, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, India
| | - Vivian F. Kharchandy
- Reproduction Biology Laboratory, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, India
| | - Rishav Sheel
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, India
| | | | - Biplab Sarkar
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, India
| | | | - Sourabh Deori
- Reproduction Biology Laboratory, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, India
| | - Sayed Nabil Abedin
- Reproduction Biology Laboratory, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, India
| | - G. Kadirvel
- Reproduction Biology Laboratory, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, India
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3
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Lestido-Cardama A, Sendón R, Bustos J, Nieto MT, Paseiro-Losada P, Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A. Food and beverage can coatings: A review on chemical analysis, migration, and risk assessment. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:3558-3611. [PMID: 35687326 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The internal surface of food and beverage cans is generally covered with polymeric coatings to preserve food and protect metal substrate from corrosion. Coating materials are complex formulations that contain different starting substances (e.g., monomers, prepolymers, additives, etc.) and in addition during the manufacture of the material several compounds can be formed (e.g., reaction products, degradation products, etc.). These substances have the potential to migrate into the food. Many of them have not been identified and only some have been toxicologically evaluated. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review on the analytical methods used for the identification of potential migrants in can coatings. The migration and exposure to chemicals migrating from can coatings are also reviewed and discussed so far, which is essential for risk assessment. Moreover, a brief section on the current status of the legislation on varnishes and coatings for food contact in Europe is also presented. Liquid chromatography coupled to diode array and fluorescence detectors and particularly to mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry seem to be the techniques of choice for the identification of potential migrants in can coatings. Some studies have reported migration levels of BPA (bisphenol A) and BADGE (bisphenol A diglycidyl ether) and derivatives exceeding the specific migration limits set in the European legislation. On the whole, low dietary exposure to migrants from can coatings has been reported. However, it is interesting to highlight that in these studies the combined exposure to multiple chemicals has not been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antía Lestido-Cardama
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Sendón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juana Bustos
- National Food Centre, Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - María Teresa Nieto
- National Food Centre, Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Perfecto Paseiro-Losada
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Lin J, Xiao Y, Liu Y, Lei Y, Cai Y, Liang Q, Nie S, Jia Y, Chen S, Huang C, Chen J. Leachate from plastic food packaging induced reproductive and neurobehavioral toxicity in zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 231:113189. [PMID: 35033875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study mimicked daily life exposure to plastic food package bags and evaluated its effects on the reproductive and neurobehavioral responses using zebrafish model. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC/MS) full scan analysis revealed that phthalic acid, isobutyl octyl ester (DEHP) and its metabolites were the main leachate from plastic bags. Our results demonstrated that during the eight weeks exposure, leaching from plastic bags treated with boiling water (P-high group) significantly affected the spawn egg production, embryo hatching and larval malformation rate. Cross-spawning trails between zebrafish collected from the controls and P-high group at the end of eight weeks showed that these adverse effects were more severe in the offspring derived from paternal exposure than those derived from the maternal exposure, suggesting leached chemicals may have a more pronounced effect in sperm than in eggs. In addition, P-high group male testis weight, sperm motility and sperm swimming velocities were decreased significantly. After eight weeks treatment, neurobehavioral tests demonstrated significant changes in the swimming speed during free swimming and light-dark stimulation in the adult zebrafish from P-high group, with the effects being more severe in the males than females. P-high group males also showed altered response in the light/dark explore and mirror attacks assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lin
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yanyan Xiao
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yuhang Lei
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yaojun Cai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qiuju Liang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shangfei Nie
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yinhang Jia
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shan Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Changjiang Huang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jiangfei Chen
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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5
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Wang D, Zhao H, Fei X, Synder SA, Fang M, Liu M. A comprehensive review on the analytical method, occurrence, transformation and toxicity of a reactive pollutant: BADGE. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106701. [PMID: 34146765 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE)-based epoxy resin is one of the most widely used epoxy resins with an annual production amount of several million tons. Compared with all other legacy or emerging organic compounds, BADGE is special due to its toxicity and high reactivity in the environment. More and more studies are available on its analytical methods, occurrence, transformation and toxicity. Here, we provided a comprehensive review of the current BADGE-related studies, with focus on its production, application, available analytical methods, occurrences in the environment and human specimen, abiotic and biotic transformation, as well as the in vitro and in vivo toxicities. The available data show that BADGE and its derivatives are ubiquitous environmental chemicals and often well detected in human specimens. For their analysis, a water-free sample pretreatment should be considered to avoid hydrolysis. Additionally, their complex reactions with endogenous metabolites are areas of great interest. To date, the monitoring and further understanding of their transport and fate in the environment are still quite lacking, comparing with its analogues bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS). In terms of toxicity, the summary of its current studies and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ToxCast toxicity database suggests BADGE might be an endocrine disruptor, though more detailed evidence is still needed to confirm this hypothesis in in vivo animal models. Future study of BADGE should focus on its metabolic transformation, reaction with protein and validation of its role as an endocrine disruptor. We believe that the elucidation of BADGEs can greatly enhance our understandings of those reactive compounds in the environment and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Haoduo Zhao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Xunchang Fei
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Shane Allen Synder
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
| | - Min Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
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6
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Evaluation of a panel of spermatological methods for assessing reprotoxic compounds in multilayer semen plastic bags. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22258. [PMID: 33335274 PMCID: PMC7746751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase of fertility performance in sows is one of the biggest achievements in pig production over the last 30 years. Nevertheless, pig farms using artificial insemination (AI) repeatedly experienced in recent year’s fertility problems with dramatic consequences due to toxic compounds from plastic semen bags. In particular, bisphenol A diglycidyl-ether (BADGE) present in multilayer plastic bags can leach into the semen and could affect the functionality of the spermatozoa. Former studies could not find any alterations in spermatozoa based on the exposure to BADGE. The aim of the study was to evaluate effects of BADGE on boar spermatozoa using an extended panel of spermatological methods. In spring 2019, a large drop in farrowing rates from 92.6 ± 2.3% to 63.7 ± 11.1% in four sow farms in Croatia was detected. In migration studies, BADGE could be identified as a causal toxic compound and leached into the extended semen in concentration of 0.37 ± 0.05 mg/L. Detailed spermatological studies showed that significant predictors for effects on spermatozoa were different levels of motility and kinematic data after a prolonged storage time, thermo-resistance test (prolonged incubation time), mitochondrial activity, membrane integrity and fluidity. No serious effects were observed for sperm morphology and DNA fragmentation. These results provide new insights into the development of a new quality assurance concept for a detailed spermatological examination during testing of plastic materials for boar semen preservation. It could be shown that boar spermatozoa are an excellent biosensor to detect potential toxicity and fertility-relevant compounds.
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Rehfeld A, Mendoza N, Ausejo R, Skakkebæk NE. Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether (BADGE) and Progesterone Do Not Induce Ca 2+ Signals in Boar Sperm Cells. Front Physiol 2020; 11:785. [PMID: 32774306 PMCID: PMC7381341 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Exposure of boar sperm cells to Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) has been shown to lead to reproductive failure in sows, however, the mode of action is unknown. As we have recently shown that BADGE can interfere with Ca2 + signaling in human sperm cells through an action on CatSper, and as CatSper has been shown to be expressed in boar sperm cells, we hypothesized that a similar mechanism in the boar sperm cells could be responsible for the reproductive failure. Methods Direct effects of BADGE and the endogenous ligand of human CatSper, progesterone, on Ca2+ signaling in human and boar sperm cells were evaluated side-by-side using a Ca2+ fluorimetric assay measuring changes in intracellular Ca2+. Effects of BADGE on Ca2+ signaling in boar sperm were furthermore assessed by flow cytometry by an independent laboratory. Results The exact same solutions of BADGE and progesterone induced transient biphasic Ca2+ signals in human sperm cells, but failed to do so in both non-capacitated and capacitated boar sperm cells. BADGE also failed to induce transient biphasic Ca2+ signals in boar sperm cells in the flow cytometric assay. Conclusion BADGE and progesterone failed to induce Ca2+ signals in boar sperm cells. This indicates that the signaling mechanisms leading to activation of CatSper differs between human and boar sperm cells, and suggests that the mode of action by which exposure of boar sperm cells to BADGE can lead to reproductive failure in sows does not involve effects on Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Rehfeld
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Noelia Mendoza
- Department of Research and Development, Magapor SL, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Ausejo
- Department of Research and Development, Magapor SL, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Niels Erik Skakkebæk
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Luongo C, Garrappa G, Llamas-López PJ, Rodríguez-Tobón E, López-Úbeda R, Abril-Sánchez S, García-Vázquez FA. Effect of boar seminal dose type (cervical compared with post-cervical insemination) on cooling curve, sperm quality and storage time. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 212:106236. [PMID: 31864489 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Seminal doses used for cervical and post-cervical artificial insemination (CAI and PCAI, respectively) vary in volume, the number of spermatozoa and packaging. The aim was to evaluate the outcomes when there was use of routine processing procedures for CAI- and PCAI-doses. Two different types of seminal doses were processed: 1) CAI: 2.7 × 109 sperm/80 ml; 2) PCAI: 1.5 × 109 sperm/45 ml. In Experiment 1, the cooling curve of seminal doses during processing occurred in two phases: 1st) At room temperature (23.4 ± 0.5 °C) from 0 (just after packaging) to 120 min; 2nd) At refrigeration (15.7 ± 0.8 °C) from 121-240 min. For the PCAI-doses, the time required to reach room temperature was 47 min compared to 107 min for CAI-doses (decreasing velocity of 0.093 °C/min and 0.048 °C/min, respectively). During refrigeration, for the PCAI-doses the time required to reach the desired preservation temperature was 20 min less than for CAI-doses (PCAI: 90 min, 0.074 °C/min; CAI: 110 min, 0.066 °C/min). In Experiment 2, sperm motility, kinetic parameters and acrosome damage for both types of doses were evaluated at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h of refrigeration. Also, morphology, pH, and osmolality were assessed at 0 and 72 h. Values for all these did not differ between CAI- and PCAI-doses. In conclusion, PCAI-doses took less time than CAI-doses to reach the desired temperature, but sperm quality was similar for CAI- and PCAI-doses during storage. Nevertheless, the different cooling curves should be taken into consideration for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Luongo
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary School, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), Spain
| | - G Garrappa
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary School, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), Spain; Institute of Animal Research of the Semi-Arid Chaco (IIACS), Agricultural Research Center (CIAP), National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - P J Llamas-López
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary School, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), Spain
| | - E Rodríguez-Tobón
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary School, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), Spain
| | - R López-Úbeda
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary School, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - S Abril-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary School, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), Spain
| | - F A García-Vázquez
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary School, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.
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9
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Xue J, Kannan P, Kumosani TA, Al-Malki AL, Kannan K. Resin-based dental sealants as a source of human exposure to bisphenol analogues, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, and its derivatives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 162:35-40. [PMID: 29276977 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although studies have examined leaching of bisphenol A (BPA) from dental sealants into saliva, occurrence of BPA, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), and their derivatives in dental sealants themselves has not been investigated. In this study, concentrations of eight bisphenol analogues (BPs), BADGE and its derivatives (BADGEs), including BADGE‧H2O, BADGE‧HCl, BADGE‧2H2O, BADGE‧2HCl, and BADGE‧H2O‧HCl, were determined in 70 dental sealants collected from the U.S. market. Of the 70 dental sealants analyzed, 65 contained at least one of the target chemicals measured. BADGE‧2H2O was the most abundant compound, found at concentrations of up to 1780µg/g. The geometric mean (GM) concentration of total BADGEs was 47.8µg/g, which was two to three orders of magnitude higher than that of total BPs (GM: 539ng/g). BPA was found in 46% of the sealants and BADGEs was found in 87% of the sealants analyzed. Majority of the dental sealants analyzed in this study were manufactured in the United States and Korea; no significant differences were observed in the concentrations of BPs and BADGEs between the two countries. An exposure assessment was made based on the concentrations of BPs and BADGEs measured in sealants and their application rates in dentistry. The worst-case exposure scenario with the highest measured concentration of total BPs and BADGEs and application on 8 teeth at 8mg each yielded an estimated daily intake (EDI) of 1670 and 5850ng/kg·bw/day for adults and children, respectively. Although the EDI is below the specific migration limit set by the European Food Safety Authority, dental sealants are a source of exposure to BPs and BADGEs, especially in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchuan Xue
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Pranav Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Taha A Kumosani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, and Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman L Al-Malki
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, and Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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10
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Nerin C, Canellas E, Vera P, Garcia-Calvo E, Luque-Garcia JL, Cámara C, Ausejo R, Miguel J, Mendoza N. A common surfactant used in food packaging found to be toxic for reproduction in mammals. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 113:115-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Amann RP, Saacke RG, Barbato GF, Waberski D. Measuring Male-to-Male Differences in Fertility or Effects of Semen Treatments. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2018; 6:255-286. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-030117-014829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rupert P. Amann
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Richard G. Saacke
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Guy F. Barbato
- Biology Program, Stockton University, Galloway, New Jersey 08205, USA
| | - Dagmar Waberski
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine of Clinics/Clinic for Pigs and Small Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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12
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Lopez Rodriguez A, Van Soom A, Arsenakis I, Maes D. Boar management and semen handling factors affect the quality of boar extended semen. Porcine Health Manag 2017; 3:15. [PMID: 28770098 PMCID: PMC5525438 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-017-0062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) is the preferred method for reproduction in the majority of the intensive pig production systems Worldwide. To this end, fresh extended ready-to-use semen doses are either purchased from AI-centres or produced by boars kept on-farm. For profitable semen production, it is necessary to obtain a maximum amount of high quality semen from each boar. This paper reviews current knowledge on factors that may affect semen quality by influencing the boar or the semen during processing. Genetic markers could be used for early detection of boars with the highest fertility potential. Genetic selection for fast growth might jeopardize semen quality. Early detection of boars no longer fit for semen production might be possible by ultrasonography of the testes. Seasonal variation in sperm quality could be associated with changes in photoperiod and heat stress during summer. Comfortable housing, with appropiate bedding material to avoid locomotion problems is essential. In some areas, cooling systems may be necessary to avoid heat stress. The sperm quality can be manipulated by feeding strategies aiming, for instance, to increase sperm resistance to oxidative stress and extend storage duration. High collection frequency will negatively influence sperm quality. Also, if collection is not hygienically performed it will result in bacterial contamination of the semen doses. The concern over bacterial contamination has risen not only because of its negative effect on semen quality but also due to the detection of antimicrobial resistance in isolates from extended semen. Moreover, bacterial and viral pathogens must be monitored because they affect semen production and quality and constitute a risk of herd infection. During processing, boar sperm are submitted to many stress factors that can cause oxidative stress and capacitation-like changes potentially reducing their fertility potential. Dilution rate or dilution temperature affects the quality of the semen doses. Some packaging might preserve semen better than others and some plastic components might be toxic for sperm. Standard operation procedures and quality assurance systems in AI centres are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Lopez Rodriguez
- Department of Reproduction Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Reproduction Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ioannis Arsenakis
- Department of Reproduction Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Maes
- Department of Reproduction Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Yousefzadeh S, Ahmadi E, Gholami M, Ghaffari HR, Azari A, Ansari M, Miri M, Sharafi K, Rezaei S. A comparative study of anaerobic fixed film baffled reactor and up-flow anaerobic fixed film fixed bed reactor for biological removal of diethyl phthalate from wastewater: a performance, kinetic, biogas, and metabolic pathway study. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:139. [PMID: 28580013 PMCID: PMC5452402 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalic acid esters, including diethyl phthalate (DEP), which are considered as top-priority and hazardous pollutants, have received significant attention over the last decades. It is vital for industries to select the best treatment technology, especially when the DEP concentration in wastewater is high. Meanwhile, anaerobic biofilm-based reactors are considered as a promising option. Therefore, in the present study, for the biological removal of DEP from synthetic wastewater, two different anaerobic biofilm-based reactors, including anaerobic fixed film baffled reactor (AnFFBR) and up-flow anaerobic fixed film fixed bed reactor (UAnFFFBR), were compared from kinetic and performance standpoints. As in the previous studies, only the kinetic coefficients have been calculated and the relationship between kinetic coefficients and their interpretation has not been evaluated, the other aim of the present study was to fill this research gap. RESULTS In optimum conditions, 90.31 and 86.91% of COD as well as 91.11 and 88.72% of DEP removal were achieved for the AnFFBR and UAnFFFBR, respectively. According to kinetic coefficients (except biomass yield), the AnFFBR had better performance as it provided a more favorable condition for microbial growth. The Grau model was selected as the best mathematical model for designing and predicting the bioreactors' performance due to its high coefficients of determination (0.97 < R2). With regard to the insignificant variations of the calculated Grau kinetic coefficients (KG) when the organic loading rate (with constant HRT) increased, it can be concluded that both of the bioreactors can tolerate high organic loading rate and their performance is not affected by the applied DEP concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Both the bioreactors were capable of treating low-to-high strength DEP wastewater; however, according to the experimental results and obtained kinetic coefficients, the AnFFBR indicated higher performance. Although the AnFFBR can be considered as a safer treatment option than the UAnFFFBR due to its lower DEP concentrations in sludge, the UAnFFFBR had lower VSS/TSS ratio and sludge yield, which could make it more practical for digestion. Finally, both the bioreactors showed considerable methane yield; however, compared to the UAnFFFBR, the AnFFBR had more potential for bioenergy production. Although both the selected bioreactors achieved nearly 90% of DEP removal, they can only be considered as pre-treatment methods according to the standard regulations and should be coupled with further technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Yousefzadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Aradan School of Public Health and Paramedical, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ahmadi
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mitra Gholami
- Occupational Health Research Center (OHRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Ghaffari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ali Azari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ansari
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Miri
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Kiomars Sharafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soheila Rezaei
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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Chen J, Xiao Y, Gai Z, Li R, Zhu Z, Bai C, Tanguay RL, Xu X, Huang C, Dong Q. Reproductive toxicity of low level bisphenol A exposures in a two-generation zebrafish assay: Evidence of male-specific effects. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 169:204-14. [PMID: 26562050 PMCID: PMC6689195 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a high-volume chemical used to make polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins, is a ubiquitous contaminant in environment and human body. To investigate the reproductive effects of long-term exposure to low concentrations of BPA, a two-generation study was conducted using the aquatic model species of zebrafish. Our findings revealed that exposure to 1nM (0.228μg/L) BPA for continuous two generations resulted in female-biased sex ratio in both F1 and F2 adult population, decreased sperm density, and decreased sperm quality as measured by motility, velocity, ATP content and lipid peroxidation in F1 and F2 males. Females were less sensitive to BPA exposures than males as no adverse effects were found in female gonads or gametes. Delayed hatching at 48hpf and increased malformation and mortality were found in the offspring from BPA exposed F2, but not F1 parents. Most importantly, the adverse effect on larval development and survival from BPA exposed F2 parents was paternal-specific, resulting mainly from BPA exposed males. Subsequent transcription analysis of F2 male gonads revealed dysregulated mitochondrial biogenesis and significant activation of non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity and Wnt/Calcium signaling pathways. Gene expression analysis of larvae from BPA exposed F2 parents showed significant reduced expression of DNA methyltransferases such as dnmt1, dnmt3, and dnmt5. In conclusion, low level BPA exposures for continuous two generations not only affects sex ratio and sperm quantity/quality in F1 and F2 adults, reproductive success in offspring from F2 parents, but also perturbs various molecular pathways potentially contributing to these BPA induced male-specific reproductive defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangfei Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yanyan Xiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zengxin Gai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Rong Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zixu Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chenglian Bai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory and the Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State, University, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Xiaojiang Xu
- Integrated Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Changjiang Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Qiaoxiang Dong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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15
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Canellas E, Vera P, Nerín C. Atmospheric pressure gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry as a tool for identification of volatile migrants from autoadhesive labels used for direct food contact. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:1181-1190. [PMID: 25395134 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA) are used to manufacture labels that are applied directly on the food. These adhesives could contain not only intentionally added compounds (IAS) to the adhesive formula but also non-intentionally added substances (NIAS), due to the impurities from the raw materials used, decomposition of the initial components or from chemical interactions between them. These compounds could migrate to the food and contaminate it. In this study, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS/Q) and atmospheric pressure gas chromatography coupled to a quadrupole hyphenated to a time of flight mass spectrometer (APGC-MS/Q-TOF) have been used for identification of unknown compounds and NIAS coming from a PSA. Seven compounds were identified by GC-MS/Q, and other eight compounds remained initially unknown. The structure of these eight new compounds was elucidated by working with the spectra obtained by APGC-MS/Q-TOF. Finally, two different migration studies were carried out. The first one with Tenax as solid food simulant in contact with the paper label containing the adhesive and the second one with isooctane filled in a natural pork intestine where the label containing the adhesive was applied on the external side. The results are shown and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Canellas
- GUIA Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Zaragoza, I3A, María de Luna, 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain; Samtack Adhesivos Industriales, C/Cerámica, no3, Pol. Ind. Magarola Sud, 08292, Esparreguera, Barcelona, Spain
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