1
|
Wang Y, Zhong S, Niu Z, Dai Y, Li J. Synthesis and up-to-date applications of 2D microporous g-C 3N 4 nanomaterials for sustainable development. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10883-10911. [PMID: 37622731 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03550f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, with the development of industrial technology and the increase of people's environmental awareness, the research on sustainable materials and their applications has become a hot topic. Among two-dimensional (2D) materials that have been selected for sustainable research, graphitic phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has become a hot research topic because of its many outstanding advantages such as simple preparation, good electrochemical properties, excellent photochemical properties, and better thermal stability. Nevertheless, the inherent limitations of g-C3N4 due to its relatively poor specific surface area, rapid charge recombination, limited light absorption range, and inferior dispersion in aqueous and organic media have limited its practical application. In the review, we summarize and analyze the unique structure of the 2D microporous nanomaterial g-C3N4, its synthesis method, chemical modification method, and the latest application examples in various fields in recent years, highlighting its advantages and shortcomings, with a view to providing ideas for overcoming the difficulties in its application. Furthermore, the pressing challenges faced by g-C3N4 are briefly discussed, as well as an outlook on the application prospects of g-C3N4 materials. It is expected that the review in this paper will provide more theoretical strategies for the future practical application of g-C3N4-based materials, as well as contributing to nanomaterials in sustainable applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Suyue Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenhua Niu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Yangyang Dai
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abunahla HN, Zafar H, Anjum DH, Alazzam A, Mohammad B. Enhanced Graphene Oxide Electrical Properties for Thin-Film Electronics Using an Active/Shrinkable Substrate. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:1671-1676. [PMID: 36643533 PMCID: PMC9835776 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The advances in material science along with the development of fabrication techniques have enabled the realization of thin-film-based electronics on active substrates. This has substantially enhanced and supported the deployment of electronic devices in several emerging applications with flexible functionality. In this work, we report a novel fabrication of graphene oxide (GO)-based memristor devices on an active/shrinkable substrate. The standard lithography process is used to fabricate planar Au-rGO-Au devices on a polymer substrate that has the ability to shrink at a certain temperature (i.e., 170 °C). Upon heating, the devices are shrunk to 50% of their original size. A detailed electrical characterization has been carried out to study the switching behavior of the fabricated devices before and after shrinking. The results prove that upon shrinking, the device preserves its switching ability with enhanced electrical parameters (i.e., switching voltage). Also, material characterization performed for the deposited GO on the active substrate shows improved properties of the GO film due to the enhanced arrangement of GO flakes after shrinking. The novel approach proposed in this work provides new insights into and offers the ability to scale thin-film electronics postfabrication and thus overcome some of the device scaling challenges due to manufacturing limitations. It also unfolds a new path for the realization of GO-based electronic devices with improved electrical properties, which is a crucial aspect of the development of highly flexible and lightweight green electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba N. Abunahla
- System
on Chip Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, Department of Physics, System on Chip Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Humaira Zafar
- System
on Chip Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, Department of Physics, System on Chip Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dalaver H. Anjum
- System
on Chip Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, Department of Physics, System on Chip Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anas Alazzam
- System
on Chip Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, Department of Physics, System on Chip Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Baker Mohammad
- System
on Chip Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, Department of Physics, System on Chip Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghaffar Rana A, Zahid Hussain M, Hammond N, Vlad Luca S, Fischer RA, Minceva M. Synthesis of Highly Active Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride using Acid‐Functionalized Precursors for Efficient Adsorption and Photodegradation of Endocrine‐Disrupting Compounds. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adeem Ghaffar Rana
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2 Freising 85354 Germany
- Department of Chemical, Polymer, and Composite Materials Engineering University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Lahore 39161 Pakistan
| | - Mian Zahid Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Technical University of Munich Garching 85748 Germany
| | - Nikki Hammond
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2 Freising 85354 Germany
| | - Simon Vlad Luca
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2 Freising 85354 Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Technical University of Munich Garching 85748 Germany
| | - Mirjana Minceva
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2 Freising 85354 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li X, Wu Q, Hussain M, Chen L, Huang Q, Huang W, Tao T. Sodium alkoxide-mediated g-C 3N 4 immobilized on a composite nanofibrous membrane for preferable photocatalytic activity. RSC Adv 2022; 12:15378-15384. [PMID: 35693247 PMCID: PMC9121215 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02441a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
g-C3N4 is a classic photocatalyst not only owing to the metal-free semiconducting electronic structure but also tunable multifunctional properties. However, strategies for chemical exfoliation of g-C3N4 based on organic bases have been rarely reported. A family of sodium alkoxide-mediated g-C3N4 has been prepared via a simple synthesis. The degradation rate of bulk g-C3N4 is 39.8% when irradiation lasts 140 minutes. However, the degradation rate of g-C3N4-MeONa, g-C3N4-EtONa, and g-C3N4- t BuONa is 55.1%, 68.6%, and 79.1%, respectively, under the same conditions. Furthermore, g-C3N4- t BuONa has been immobilized on flexible electrospun PAN nanofibers to prepare floating photocatalysts. SEM analysis shows that the paper-based photocatalyst PAN/g-C3N4- t BuONa becomes a nanofiber membrane (A4 size, 210 mm × 297 mm). The nanofiber is approximately 350 nm in diameter. Interestingly, once synthesized, the g-C3N4- t BuONa particles move into the spinning solution, where the nanofiber wraps around them to form a monodisperse structure that resembles beads, or knots of 1-2 μm, on a string. The degradation efficiency of 10 mg L-1 MB solution can reach 100% for 2 hours until the solution becomes colorless. In addition, the photocatalytic mechanism studies have been validated. Different from H2SO4 or HNO3, this work has proposed a facile strategy for designing preferable floating photocatalysts using sodium alkoxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST) Nanjing 210044 P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 P. R. China
| | - Qin Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST) Nanjing 210044 P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 P. R. China
| | - Mushraf Hussain
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST) Nanjing 210044 P. R. China
- Reading Academy, NUIST-UoR International Research Institute Nanjing 210044 P. R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 P. R. China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Tao Tao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST) Nanjing 210044 P. R. China
- Reading Academy, NUIST-UoR International Research Institute Nanjing 210044 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shittu FB, Iqbal A, Ahmad MN, Yusop MR, Ibrahim MNM, Sabar S, Wilson LD, Yanto DHY. Insight into the photodegradation mechanism of bisphenol-A by oxygen doped mesoporous carbon nitride under visible light irradiation and DFT calculations. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10409-10423. [PMID: 35424996 PMCID: PMC8984687 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00995a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen doped mesoporous carbon nitride (O-MCN) was successfully synthesized through one-step thermal polymerization of urea and glucose utilizing nanodisc silica (NDS) from rice husk ash as a hard template. The CO2 gas, NH3 and water vapor produced during the thermal process reshaped the morphology and textural properties of the of O-MCN compared to pristine mesoporous carbon nitride (MCN). Highest bisphenol A (BPA) removal achieved under visible light irradiation was 97%, with 60% mineralization ([BPA] = 10 mg L-1: catalyst dosage = 40 mg L-1; pH = 10; 180 min). In addition to mesoporosity, the sub-gap impurity states created from the oxygen doping reduced recombination rate of photogenerated carriers. Holes (h+) and superoxide (O2˙-) were identified as the predominant active species responsible for the photodegradation process. The photodegradation route was proposed based on the intermediates detected by LC-time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (LC/TOF-MS). The Density of States (DOS) showed that oxygen doping resulted in a higher photoactivity due to the stronger localization and delocalization of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). The adsorption pathway of the BPA on the O-MCN and MCN was successfully predicted using the DFT calculations, namely molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), global and local descriptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Bukola Shittu
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Minden 11800 Penang Malaysia
- The Federal Polytechnic Offa P.M.B 420 Offa Kwara State Nigeria
| | - Anwar Iqbal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Minden 11800 Penang Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad
- Experimental and Theoretical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia Bandar Indera Mahkota 25200 Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Rahimi Yusop
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi Malaysia
| | | | - Sumiyyah Sabar
- Chemical Sciences Programme, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia Minden 11800 Penang Malaysia
| | - Lee D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan 110 Science Place, Room 165 Thorvaldson Building Saskatoon SK S7N 5C9 Canada
| | - Dede Heri Yuli Yanto
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lv Y, Li Q, Shi J, Qin Z, Lei Q, Zhao B, Zhu L, Pan K. Graphene-Based Moisture Actuator with Oriented Microstructures Prepared by One-Step Laser Reduction for Accurately Controllable Responsive Direction and Position. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:12434-12441. [PMID: 35254054 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Actuators with fast and precise controllable responses are highly in demand for implementing agilely accurate mechanical movements in smart robots, intelligent sensors, biomimetic devices, and so on. Here, we report a graphene-based moisture actuator with accurately controllable direction and position responses achieved by a fast, controlled, and even programmable one-step laser reduction method. The laser reduction-induced oriented microstructures help to precisely guide the direction and location of the moisture response in graphene-based Janus films. The excellent moisture-mechanical response behaviors in these novel moisture actuators originate from the Janus structures and the periodic microstructures of a line-scanned layer. Our customized complex intelligent devices such as drums, bands, and three-dimensional wave humidity drives can highly match and verify the finite element simulations, which will inspire the creation of further smart robot designs for accurate deformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qicong Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, and Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiaxin Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qianjin Lei
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, and Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Biao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linli Zhu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, and Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kai Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qin L, Feng Z, Zhang Q, Mao H, Cheng F, Shi S. Enhanced Hydroxylation of Benzene to Phenol with Hydrogen Peroxide over g-C 3N 4 Quantum Dots-Modified Fe-SBA-15 Catalysts: Synergistic Effect Among Fe Species, g-C 3N 4 QDs, and Porous Structure. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Qin
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province 213001, P. R China
| | - Zhengyu Feng
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province 213164, P. R China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province 213164, P. R China
| | - Huihui Mao
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province 213164, P. R China
| | - Fei Cheng
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province 213164, P. R China
| | - Shaoming Shi
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province 213164, P. R China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kashyap T, Boruah PJ, Bailung H, Sanyal D, Choudhury B. Simultaneous layer exfoliation and defect activation in g-C 3N 4 nanosheets with air-water interfacial plasma: spectroscopic defect probing with tailored optical properties. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:3260-3271. [PMID: 36133658 PMCID: PMC9416856 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00098e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Defect-activated ultrathin graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C3N4) show an enhanced visible light absorption, better charge-separation, and facile charge transport properties. These are requisites for the designing of an active photocatalyst. Conventional methods used for layer exfoliation and defect activation require strong acids, reducing agents, or ultrasonic treatment for a sufficiently long duration. Furthermore, single-step approaches for layer exfoliation and defect incorporation have hardly been reported. Herein, we have shown atmospheric plasma enabled fabrication of g-C3N4 nanosheets. This approach is simple, low-cost, less time-consuming, and a green approach to exfoliate layers and activate multiple defects concurrently. The protocol involves plasma discharging at an air-water interface at 5 kV for 30-150 min. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals a layer thickness of 96.27 nm in bulk g-C3N4. The thickness becomes 3.78 nm after 150 min of plasma treatment. The exfoliated layers emerge with nitrogen-vacancy sites and self-incorporated defects as probed by positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The defect activated layers show visible light absorption extended up to 600 nm. It is demonstrated that a non-uniform change in the band gap with the plasma treatment time results from quantum confinement in thin layers and Urbach tailing due to defects acting in opposition. Further, steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy shows the contribution of multiple defect sites for a prolonged lifetime of photoinduced carriers. These defect-activated ultrathin nanosheets of CN serve as an active photocatalyst in the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under white LED illumination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trishamoni Kashyap
- Materials and Energy Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Paschim Boragaon, Vigyan Path Guwahati-35 India
- Department of Physics, Cotton University Panbazar Guwahati-01 India
| | - Palash J Boruah
- Basic and Applied Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Paschim Boragaon, Vigyan Path Guwahati-35 India
| | - Heremba Bailung
- Basic and Applied Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Paschim Boragaon, Vigyan Path Guwahati-35 India
| | - Dirtha Sanyal
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre HBNI, 1/AF Bidhannagar Kolkata-700064 India
| | - Biswajit Choudhury
- Materials and Energy Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Paschim Boragaon, Vigyan Path Guwahati-35 India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Majdoub M, Anfar Z, Amedlous A. Emerging Chemical Functionalization of g-C 3N 4: Covalent/Noncovalent Modifications and Applications. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12390-12469. [PMID: 33052050 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atomically 2D thin-layered structures, such as graphene nanosheets, graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C3N4), hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides are emerging as fascinating materials for a good array of domains owing to their rare physicochemical characteristics. In particular, graphitic carbon nitride has turned into a hot subject in the scientific community due to numerous qualities such as simple preparation, electrochemical properties, high adsorption capacity, good photochemical properties, thermal stability, and acid-alkali chemical resistance, etc. Basically, g-C3N4 is considered as a polymeric material consisting of N and C atoms forming a tri-s-triazine network connected by planar amino groups. In comparison with most C-based materials, g-C3N4 possesses electron-rich characteristics, basic moieties, and hydrogen-bonding groups owing to the presence of hydrogen and nitrogen atoms; therefore, it is taken into account as an interesting nominee to further complement carbon in applications of functional materials. Nevertheless, g-C3N4 has some intrinsic limitations and drawbacks mainly related to a relatively poor specific surface area, rapid charge recombination, a limited light absorption range, and a poor dispersibility in both aqueous and organic mediums. To overcome these shortcomings, numerous chemical modification approaches have been conducted with the aim of expanding the range of application of g-C3N4 and enhancing its properties. In the current review, the comprehensive survey is conducted on g-C3N4 chemical functionalization strategies including covalent and noncovalent approaches. Covalent approaches consist of establishing covalent linkage between the g-C3N4 structure and the chemical modifier such as oxidation/carboxylation, amidation, polymer grafting, etc., whereas the noncovalent approaches mainly consist of physical bonding and intermolecular interaction such as van der Waals interactions, electrostatic interactions, π-π interactions, and so on. Furthermore, the preparation, characterization, and diverse applications of functionalized g-C3N4 in various domains are described and recapped. We believe that this work will inspire scientists and readers to conduct research with the aim of exploring other functionalization strategies for this material in numerous applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Majdoub
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis & Valorization of Natural Resources, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Zakaria Anfar
- Laboratory of Materials & Environment, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco
- Institute of Materials Science of Mulhouse, Haute Alsace University, Mulhouse 68100, France
- Strasbourg University, Strasbourg 67081, France
| | - Abdallah Amedlous
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis & Valorization of Natural Resources, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mondal K, Maitra T, Srivastava AK, Pawar G, McMurtrey MD, Sharma A. 110th Anniversary: Particle Size Effect on Enhanced Graphitization and Electrical Conductivity of Suspended Gold/Carbon Composite Nanofibers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Mondal
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Tanmoy Maitra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh India
- FT Technologies, Sunbury House, Brookland Close, Sunbury-on-Thames TW16 7DX, U.K
| | - Alok Kumar Srivastava
- Defence Materials and Stores R & D Establishment (DRDO), GT Road, Kanpur 208013, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Gorakh Pawar
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Michael D. McMurtrey
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Darkwah WK, Sandrine MKC, Adormaa BB, Teye GK, Puplampu JB. Solar light harvest: modified d-block metals in photocatalysis. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy02435b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
With solar light, modified d-block metal photocatalysts are useful in areas where electricity is insufficient, with its chemical stability during the photocatalytic process, and its low-cost and nontoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Williams Kweku Darkwah
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes
- Ministry of Education
- Environmental Engineering Department
- College of Environment
- Hohai University
| | - Masso Kody Christelle Sandrine
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes
- Ministry of Education
- Environmental Engineering Department
- College of Environment
- Hohai University
| | - Buanya Beryl Adormaa
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes
- Ministry of Education
- Environmental Engineering Department
- College of Environment
- Hohai University
| | - Godfred Kwesi Teye
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes
- Ministry of Education
- Environmental Engineering Department
- College of Environment
- Hohai University
| | - Joshua Buer Puplampu
- Department of Biochemistry
- School of Biological Sciences
- University of Cape Coast
- Cape Coast
- Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hsieh YL, Su WH, Huang CC, Su CY. Solution-processed black phosphorus nanoflakes for integrating nonvolatile resistive random access memory and the mechanism unveiled. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:445702. [PMID: 31349243 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab3606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated the integration of black phosphorus (BP) nanoflakes in a resistive random access memory (RRAM) with a facile and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible process. The solution-processed BP nanoflakes embedded in polystyrene (PS) as an active layer were sandwiched between aluminum electrodes (Al/BP:PS/Al). The device shows a figure of merit with typical bipolar behavior and forming-free characteristics as well as excellent memory performances such as nonvolatile, low operation voltage (1.75 V) and high ON/OFF ratio (>102) as well as the long retention time (>1500 s). The improved device performances were attributed to the formation of effective trap sites from the hybrid structure of the active layer (BP:PS), especially the BP nanoflakes and the partly oxidized species (P x O y ). Moreover, the extrinsic aluminum oxide layer was observed after the device operation. The mechanism of switching behavior was further unveiled through the carrier transport models, which confirms the conductive mechanisms of space-charge-limited current and Ohmic conductance at high resistance state (HRS) and low resistance state, respectively. Additionally, in the high electric field at HRS, the transfer curve was well fitted with the Poole-Frenkel emission model, which could be attributed to the formation of the aluminum oxide layer. Accordingly, both the trapping/de-trapping of carriers and the formation/rupture of conductive filaments were introduced as transport mechanisms in our devices. Although the partial P x O y species on BP were inevitable during the liquid phase exfoliation process, which was regarded as the disadvantages for various applications, it turns to a key point for improving performances in memory devices. The proposed approach to integrating BP nanoflakes in the active layer of the RRAM device could pave the way for next-generation memory devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Hsieh
- Dep. of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Tao-Yuan 32001, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Palladium Nanoparticles/Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets-Carbon Nanotubes as a Catalytic Amplification Platform for the Selective Determination of 17α-ethinylestradiol in Feedstuffs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14162. [PMID: 31578339 PMCID: PMC6775042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A new kind of nanocomposite, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-carbon nanotubes (CNTs), has been synthesized via solid grinding, and followed by thermal polymerization process of melamine and CNTs. Pd nanoparticles were loaded on the as-prepared nanocomposite by the self-assembly method. The Pd/g-C3N4-CNTs nanocomposite exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and compared with other detection methods of EE2, such as HPLC, this detection platform does not need the samples for further purification processing. And this detection platform was compared with HPLC, there is no significant difference between two methods, and the accuracy and precision of the determination of EE2 in feedstuff sample by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) to a satisfactory level. Thus, the Pd/g-C3N4-CNTs nanocomposite can be used as a signal amplification platform for the detection of EE2 in feedstuffs samples. Under the optimum condition, the current response increased linearly with EE2 concentration from 2.0 × 10−6 ~ 1.5 × 10−4 M with a detection limit of 5.0 × 10−7 M (S/N = 3) by DPV. The Pd/g-C3N4-CNTs showed good reproducibility and excellent anti-interference ability that the relative standard deviation was 3.3% (n = 5). This strategy may find widespread and promising applications in other sensing systems involving EE2.
Collapse
|
14
|
Cruz D, Garcia Cerrillo J, Kumru B, Li N, Dario Perea J, Schmidt BVKJ, Lauermann I, Brabec CJ, Antonietti M. Influence of Thiazole-Modified Carbon Nitride Nanosheets with Feasible Electronic Properties on Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12322-12328. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cruz
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jose Garcia Cerrillo
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Baris Kumru
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jose Dario Perea
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Photovoltaic Research Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Iver Lauermann
- Kompetenzzentrum Dünnschicht- und Nanotechnologie für Photovoltaik Berlin (PVcomB), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Schwarzschildstraße 3, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph J. Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI-ErN), Immerwahrstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Selective and high-sensitive label-free detection of ascorbic acid by carbon nitride quantum dots with intense fluorescence from lone pair states. Talanta 2019; 196:530-536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
16
|
Volokh M, Peng G, Barrio J, Shalom M. Carbon Nitride Materials for Water Splitting Photoelectrochemical Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6138-6151. [PMID: 30020555 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride materials (CNs) have emerged as suitable photocatalysts and heterogeneous catalysts for various reactions thanks to their tunable band gap, suitable energy-band position, high stability under harsh chemical conditions, and low cost. However, the utilization of CN in photoelectrochemical (PEC) and photoelectronic devices is still at an early stage owing to the difficulties in depositing high-quality and homogenous CN layer on substrates, its wide band gap, poor charge-separation efficiency, and low electronic conductivity. In this Minireview, we discuss the synthetic pathways for the preparation of various structures of CN on substrates and their underlying photophysical properties and current photoelectrochemical performance. The main challenges for CN incorporation into PEC cell are described, together with possible routes to overcome the standing limitations toward the integration of CN materials in PEC and other photoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Volokh
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Guiming Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Jesús Barrio
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Menny Shalom
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Volokh M, Peng G, Barrio J, Shalom M. Kohlenstoffnitridmaterialien für photochemische Zellen zur Wasserspaltung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Volokh
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and TechnologyBen-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Guiming Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and TechnologyBen-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Jesús Barrio
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and TechnologyBen-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Menny Shalom
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and TechnologyBen-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang Q, Yu H, Barbiero M, Wang B, Gu M. Artificial neural networks enabled by nanophotonics. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:42. [PMID: 31098012 PMCID: PMC6504946 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The growing demands of brain science and artificial intelligence create an urgent need for the development of artificial neural networks (ANNs) that can mimic the structural, functional and biological features of human neural networks. Nanophotonics, which is the study of the behaviour of light and the light-matter interaction at the nanometre scale, has unveiled new phenomena and led to new applications beyond the diffraction limit of light. These emerging nanophotonic devices have enabled scientists to develop paradigm shifts of research into ANNs. In the present review, we summarise the recent progress in nanophotonics for emulating the structural, functional and biological features of ANNs, directly or indirectly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Zhang
- Laboratory of Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Haoyi Yu
- Laboratory of Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Martina Barbiero
- Laboratory of Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Baokai Wang
- Laboratory of Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Min Gu
- Laboratory of Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lin Y, Shen R, Liu N, Yi H, Dai H, Lin J. A highly sensitive peptide-based biosensor using NiCo2O4 nanosheets and g-C3N4 nanocomposite to construct amplified strategy for trypsin detection. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1035:175-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
20
|
Bushmeleva AS, Tafeenko VA, Zakharov VN, Lobova AA, Aslanov LA. Ammonium cyamelurates: synthesis and crystalline structures. Struct Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-018-1187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
21
|
Liu LJ, Wang X, Liu JB, Liu CF, Li X, Liu FS, Wu FM, Wang S, Zhang GY. Ultra-fast charging–discharging planar on-chip micro-supercapacitors based on reduced graphene oxide films by modified liquid–air interface self-assembly. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-018-1243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
22
|
Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Liu S, Zhang Y. Molecular engineering of polymeric carbon nitride: advancing applications from photocatalysis to biosensing and more. Chem Soc Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00840f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Different designs and constructions of molecular structures of carbon nitride for emerging applications, such as biosensing, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
| | - Yuye Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
| | - Yanfei Shen
- Medical School
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu X, Zhang J, Di J, Long Y, Li W, Tu Y. Graphene-like carbon nitride nanosheet as a novel sensing platform for electrochemical determination of tryptophan. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 505:964-972. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
24
|
Reduced graphene oxide-supported Cu nanoparticles for the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to aldehyde with molecular oxygen. CATAL COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
25
|
Cheng H, Huang Y, Shi G, Jiang L, Qu L. Graphene-Based Functional Architectures: Sheets Regulation and Macrostructure Construction toward Actuators and Power Generators. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:1663-1671. [PMID: 28657710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, with large delocalized π electron cloud on a two-dimensional (2D) atom-thin plane, possesses excellent carrier mobility, large surface area, high light transparency, high mechanical strength, and superior flexibility. However, the lack of intrinsic band gap, poor dispersibility, and weak reactivity of graphene hinder its application scope. Heteroatom-doping regulation and surface modification of graphene can effectively reconstruct the sp2 bonded carbon atoms and tailor the surface chemistry and interfacial interaction, while microstructure mediation on graphene can induce the special chemical and physical properties because of the quantum confinement, edge effect, and unusual mass transport process. Based on these regulations on graphene, series of methods and techniques are developed to couple the promising characters of graphene into the macroscopic architectures for potential and practical applications. In this Account, we present our effort on graphene regulation from chemical modification to microstructure control, from the morphology-designed macroassemblies to their applications in functional systems excluding the energy-storage devices. We first introduce the chemically regulative graphene with incorporated heteroatoms into the honeycomb lattice, which could open the intrinsic band gap and provide many active sites. Then the surface modification of graphene with functional components will improve dispersibility, prevent aggregation, and introduce new functions. On the other hand, microstructure mediation on graphene sheets (e.g., 0D quantum dots, 1D nanoribbons, and 2D nanomeshes) is demonstrated to induce special chemical and physical properties. Benefiting from the effective regulation on graphene sheets, diverse methods including dimension-confined strategy, filtration assembly, and hydrothermal treatment have been developed to assemble individual graphene sheets to macroscopic graphene fibers, films, and frameworks. These rationally regulated graphene sheets and well-constructed assemblies present promising applications in energy-conversion materials and device systems focusing on actuators that can convert different energy forms (e.g., electric, chemical, photonic, thermal, etc.) to mechanical actuation and electrical generators that can directly transform environmental energy to electric power. These results reveal that graphene sheets with surface chemistry and microstructure regulations as well as their rationally designed assemblies provide a promising and abundant platform for development of diverse functional devices. We hope that this Account will promote further efforts toward fundamental research on graphene regulation and the wide applications of advanced designed assemblies in new types of energy-conversion materials/devices and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huhu Cheng
- Key
Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry
of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yaxin Huang
- Key
Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry
of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Gaoquan Shi
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Lan Jiang
- Key
Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry
of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
- Laser
Micro-/Nano-Fabrication Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Liangti Qu
- Key
Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry
of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu Y, Jiang J, Sun Y, Wu S, Cao Y, Gong W, Zou J. NiO and Co3O4 co-doped g-C3N4 nanocomposites with excellent photoelectrochemical properties under visible light for detection of tetrabromobisphenol-A. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04822j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A NiO/Co3O4/g-C3N4 nanocomposite was prepared by one step thermal decomposition and it exhibited excellent photoelectrochemical activity for sensing TBBP-A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- School of Environmental Ecology and Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
| | - Jizhou Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- School of Environmental Ecology and Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
| | - Yanjuan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- School of Environmental Ecology and Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
| | - Shengli Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- School of Environmental Ecology and Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
| | - Yuan Cao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- School of Environmental Ecology and Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
| | - Wanyun Gong
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- School of Environmental Ecology and Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
| | - Jing Zou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- School of Environmental Ecology and Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fageria P, Uppala S, Nazir R, Gangopadhyay S, Chang CH, Basu M, Pande S. Synthesis of Monometallic (Au and Pd) and Bimetallic (AuPd) Nanoparticles Using Carbon Nitride (C 3N 4) Quantum Dots via the Photochemical Route for Nitrophenol Reduction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:10054-10064. [PMID: 27610832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the synthesis of monometallic (Au and Pd) and bimetallic (AuPd) nanoparticles (NPs) using graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) quantum dots (QDs) and photochemical routes. Eliminating the necessity of any extra stabilizer or reducing agent, the photochemical reactions have been carried out using a UV light source of 365 nm where C3N4 QD itself functions as a suitable stabilizer as well as a reducing agent. The g-C3N4 QDs are excited upon irradiation with UV light and produce photogenerated electrons, which further facilitate the reduction of metal ions. The successful formation of Au, Pd, and AuPd alloy nanoparticles is evidenced by UV-vis, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photon spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy techniques. The morphology and distribution of metal nanoparticles over the C3N4 QD surface has been systematically investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and SAED analysis. To explore the catalytic activity of the as-prepared samples, the reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol with excellent performance is also investigated. It is noteworthy that the synthesis of both monometallic and bimetallic NPs can be accomplished by using a very small amount of g-C3N4, which can be used as a promising photoreducing material as well as a stabilizer for the synthesis of various metal nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chien-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , 701, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rong M, Cai Z, Xie L, Lin C, Song X, Luo F, Wang Y, Chen X. Study on the Ultrahigh Quantum Yield of Fluorescent P,O-g-C3 N4 Nanodots and its Application in Cell Imaging. Chemistry 2016; 22:9387-95. [PMID: 27249019 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride nanodots (g-C3 N4 nanodots), as a new kind of heavy-metal-free quantum dots, have attracted considerable attention because of their unique physical and chemical properties. Although various methods to obtain g-C3 N4 nanodots have been reported, it is still a challenge to synthesize g-C3 N4 nanodots with ultrahigh fluorescence quantum yield (QY). In this study, highly fluorescent phosphorus/oxygen-doped graphitic carbon nitride (P,O-g-C3 N4 ) nanodots were prepared by chemical oxidation and hydrothermal etching of bulk P-g-C3 N4 derived from the pyrolysis of phytic acid and melamine. The as-prepared P,O-g-C3 N4 nanodots showed strong blue fluorescence and a relatively high QY of up to 90.2 %, which can be ascribed to intrinsic phosphorus/oxygen-containing groups, and surface-oxidation-related fluorescence enhancement. In addition, the P,O-g-C3 N4 nanodots were explored for cell imaging with excellent stability and biocompatibility, which suggest that they have great potential in biological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingcong Rong
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiong Cai
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Chunshui Lin
- School of Physics and Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Xinhong Song
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Feng Luo
- Fujian Research Institute of Metric Science, Fuzhou, 350003, P.R. China
| | - Yiru Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ong WJ, Tan LL, Ng YH, Yong ST, Chai SP. Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4)-Based Photocatalysts for Artificial Photosynthesis and Environmental Remediation: Are We a Step Closer To Achieving Sustainability? Chem Rev 2016; 116:7159-329. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4328] [Impact Index Per Article: 541.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wee-Jun Ong
- Multidisciplinary
Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline,
School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lling-Lling Tan
- Multidisciplinary
Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline,
School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yun Hau Ng
- Particles
and Catalysis Research Group (PARTCAT), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Siek-Ting Yong
- Multidisciplinary
Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline,
School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siang-Piao Chai
- Multidisciplinary
Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline,
School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hou Y, Wen Z, Cui S, Feng X, Chen J. Strongly Coupled Ternary Hybrid Aerogels of N-deficient Porous Graphitic-C3N4 Nanosheets/N-Doped Graphene/NiFe-Layered Double Hydroxide for Solar-Driven Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:2268-77. [PMID: 26963768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Developing photoanodes with efficient sunlight harvesting, excellent charge separation and transfer, and fast surface reaction kinetics remains a key challenge in photoelectrochemical water splitting devices. Here we report a new strongly coupled ternary hybrid aerogel that is designed and constructed by in situ assembly of N-deficient porous carbon nitride nanosheets and NiFe-layered double hydroxide into a 3D N-doped graphene framework architecture using a facile hydrothermal method. Such a 3D hierarchical structure combines several advantageous features, including effective light-trapping, multidimensional electron transport pathways, short charge transport time and distance, strong coupling effect, and improved surface reaction kinetics. Benefiting from the desirable nanostructure, the ternary hybrid aerogels exhibited remarkable photoelectrochemical performance for water oxidation. Results included a record-high photocurrent density that reached 162.3 μA cm(-2) at 1.4 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode with a maximum incident photon-to-current efficiency of 2.5% at 350 nm under AM 1.5G irradiation, and remarkable photostability. The work represents a significant step toward the development of novel 3D aerogel-based photoanodes for solar water splitting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Zhenhai Wen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Shumao Cui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Junhong Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yagati AK, Pyun JC, Min J, Cho S. Label-free and direct detection of C-reactive protein using reduced graphene oxide-nanoparticle hybrid impedimetric sensor. Bioelectrochemistry 2016; 107:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
32
|
Bu X, Bu Y, Yang S, Sun F, Tian L, Peng Z, He P, Sun J, Huang T, Wang X, Ding G, Yang J, Xie X. Graphitic carbon nitride nanoribbon for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H2 production. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23218c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical scissors provide a new vision to manufacture unique carbon nitride nanostructures with improved photocatalytic performance.
Collapse
|
33
|
Zou LR, Huang GF, Li DF, Liu JH, Pan AL, Huang WQ. A facile and rapid route for synthesis of g-C3N4 nanosheets with high adsorption capacity and photocatalytic activity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20514c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheet and its nanocomposites have recently attracted increasing interest due to their massive potentials in applications ranging from fluorescence imaging to solar energy conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Rong Zou
- Department of Applied Physics
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Gui-Fang Huang
- Department of Applied Physics
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Dong-Feng Li
- Department of Applied Physics
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Jin-Hua Liu
- Department of Applied Physics
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - An-Lian Pan
- Department of Applied Physics
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Wei-Qing Huang
- Department of Applied Physics
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu J, Wang H, Antonietti M. Graphitic carbon nitride “reloaded”: emerging applications beyond (photo)catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:2308-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00767d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 613] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite being one of the oldest materials described in the chemical literature, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has just recently experienced a renaissance as a highly active photo/electrocatalyst, and the metal-free polymer was also shown to be have diverse applications in various fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Colloid Chemistry
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14424 Potsdam
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- Center for Nano Energy Materials
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14424 Potsdam
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhou Z, Shen Y, Li Y, Liu A, Liu S, Zhang Y. Chemical Cleavage of Layered Carbon Nitride with Enhanced Photoluminescent Performances and Photoconduction. ACS NANO 2015; 9:12480-7. [PMID: 26502265 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and carbon dots (C-dots) have various alluring properties and potential applications, but they are often limited by unsatisfied optical performance such as low quantum yield, ambiguous fluorescence emission mechanism, and narrow emission wavelength. Herein, we report that bulk polymeric carbon nitride could be utilized as a layered precursor to prepare carbon nitride nanostructures such as nanorods, nanoleaves and quantum dots by chemical tailoring. As doped carbon materials, these carbon nitride nanostructures not only intrinsically emitted UV lights but also well inherited the explicit photoluminescence mechanism of the bulk pristine precursor, both of which were rarely reported for GQDs and C-dots. Especially, carbon nitride quantum dots (CNQDs) had a photoluminescence quantum yield (QY) up to 46%, among the highest QY for metal-free quantum dots so far. As examples, the CNQDs were utilized as a photoluminescence probe for rapid detection of Fe(3+) with a detection limit of 1 μM in 2 min and a photoconductor in an all-solid-state device. This work would open up an avenue for doped nanocarbon in developing photoelectrical devices and sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- Medical School, Southeast University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Li
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Anran Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhao F, Zhao Y, Cheng H, Qu L. A Graphene Fibriform Responsor for Sensing Heat, Humidity, and Mechanical Changes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (P.R. China)
| | - Yang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (P.R. China)
| | - Huhu Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (P.R. China)
| | - Liangti Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (P.R. China)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhao F, Zhao Y, Cheng H, Qu L. A Graphene Fibriform Responsor for Sensing Heat, Humidity, and Mechanical Changes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14951-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (P.R. China)
| | - Yang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (P.R. China)
| | - Huhu Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (P.R. China)
| | - Liangti Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (P.R. China)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhao Z, Sun Y, Luo Q, Dong F, Li H, Ho WK. Mass-Controlled Direct Synthesis of Graphene-like Carbon Nitride Nanosheets with Exceptional High Visible Light Activity. Less is Better. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14643. [PMID: 26411534 PMCID: PMC4585959 DOI: 10.1038/srep14643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, it is very surprising to find that the precursors mass, a long overlooked factor for synthesis of 2D g-C3N4, exerts unexpected impact on g-C3N4 fabrication. The nanoarchitecture and photocatalytic capability of g-C3N4 can be well-tailored only by altering the precursors mass. As thiourea mass decreases, thin g-C3N4 nanosheets with higher surface area, elevated conduction band position and enhanced photocatalytic capability was triumphantly achieved. The optimized 2D g-C3N4 (CN-2T) exhibited exceptional high photocatalytic performance with a NO removal ratio of 48.3%, superior to that of BiOBr (21.3%), (BiO)2CO3 (18.6%) and Au/(BiO)2CO3 (33.8%). The excellent activity of CN-2T can be ascribed to the co-contribution of enlarged surface areas, strengthened electron-hole separation efficiency, enhanced electrons reduction capability and prolonged charge carriers lifetime. The DMPO ESR-spin trapping and hole trapping results demonstrate that the superoxide radicals (•O2(-)) and photogenerated holes are the main reactive species, while hydroxyl radicals (•OH) play a minor role in photocatalysis reaction. By monitoring the reaction intermediate and active species, the reaction mechanism for photocatalytic oxidation of NO by g-C3N4 was proposed. This strategy is novel and facile, which could stimulate numerous attentions in development of high-performance g-C3N4 based functional nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaiwang Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Functional Organic Molecules, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Yanjuan Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Functional Organic Molecules, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Functional Organic Molecules, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Fan Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Functional Organic Molecules, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China.,Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Hui Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Functional Organic Molecules, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Wing-Kei Ho
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Centre for Education in Environmental Sustainability, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sun P, Lu N, Li L, Li Y, Wang H, Lv H, Liu Q, Long S, Liu S, Liu M. Thermal crosstalk in 3-dimensional RRAM crossbar array. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13504. [PMID: 26310537 PMCID: PMC4550907 DOI: 10.1038/srep13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
High density 3-dimensional (3D) crossbar resistive random access memory (RRAM) is one of the major focus of the new age technologies. To compete with the ultra-high density NAND and NOR memories, understanding of reliability mechanisms and scaling potential of 3D RRAM crossbar array is needed. Thermal crosstalk is one of the most critical effects that should be considered in 3D crossbar array application. The Joule heat generated inside the RRAM device will determine the switching behavior itself, and for dense memory arrays, the temperature surrounding may lead to a consequent resistance degradation of neighboring devices. In this work, thermal crosstalk effect and scaling potential under thermal effect in 3D RRAM crossbar array are systematically investigated. It is revealed that the reset process is dominated by transient thermal effect in 3D RRAM array. More importantly, thermal crosstalk phenomena could deteriorate device retention performance and even lead to data storage state failure from LRS (low resistance state) to HRS (high resistance state) of the disturbed RRAM cell. In addition, the resistance state degradation will be more serious with continuously scaling down the feature size. Possible methods for alleviating thermal crosstalk effect while further advancing the scaling potential are also provided and verified by numerical simulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 China.,Lab of Nanofabrication and Novel Devices Integration Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Nianduan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 China.,Lab of Nanofabrication and Novel Devices Integration Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 China.,Lab of Nanofabrication and Novel Devices Integration Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yingtao Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Key Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071 China
| | - Hangbing Lv
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 China.,Lab of Nanofabrication and Novel Devices Integration Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 China.,Lab of Nanofabrication and Novel Devices Integration Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 China
| | - Shibing Long
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 China.,Lab of Nanofabrication and Novel Devices Integration Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 China
| | - Su Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 China.,Lab of Nanofabrication and Novel Devices Integration Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Review on Physically Flexible Nonvolatile Memory for Internet of Everything Electronics. ELECTRONICS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics4030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
41
|
Lee JH, Park MJ, Yoo SJ, Jang JH, Kim HJ, Nam SW, Yoon CW, Kim JY. A highly active and durable Co-N-C electrocatalyst synthesized using exfoliated graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:10334-10339. [PMID: 25998868 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01584g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Exfoliated graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C3N4-NS) were applied for the first time for the preparation of an electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). A less dense structure with increased surface area was observed for g-C3N4-NS compared to bulk g-C3N4 from detailed analyses including TEM, STEM, AFM with depth profiling, XRD, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The pyrolysis of the prepared g-C3N4-NS with Co and carbon under an inert environment provided an enhanced accessibility to the N functionalities required for efficient interaction of Co and C with N for the formation of Co-N-C networks and produced a hollow and interconnected Co-N-C-NS structure responsible for high durability. The Co-N-C-NS electrocatalyst exhibited superior catalytic activity and durability and further displayed fast and selective four electron transfer kinetics for the ORR, as evidenced by various electrochemical experiments. The hollow, interconnected structure of Co-N-C-NS with increased pyridinic and graphitic N species has been proposed to play a key role in facilitating the desired ORR reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Lee
- Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang L, Zhao F, Han Q, Hu C, Lv L, Chen N, Qu L. Spontaneous formation of Cu2O-g-C3N4 core-shell nanowires for photocurrent and humidity responses. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:9694-9702. [PMID: 25958952 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01521a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of low dimensional g-C3N4 structures in a geometrically well-defined fashion and the complexation of g-C3N4 with other materials are the main approaches to construct fancy structures for special functions. While high temperature was often indispensable for the preparation process, the realization of room temperature assembly of the low dimensional g-C3N4 and the preparation of g-C3N4-based semiconductor composites will provide many additional advantages for new functional materials and applications. Herein, the unique cuprous oxide (Cu2O)-graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C3N4) core-shell nanowires with highly hierarchical sharp edges on the surface have been prepared by a spontaneous reduction and assembly approach based on oxygen-functional g-C3N4 (O-functional g-C3N4) at room temperature. Combined with the hybrid effect of Cu2O with g-C3N4, such hierarchical Cu2O-g-C3N4 core-shell nanowires possess sensitivity to humidity and photocurrent response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Oh J, Yoo RJ, Kim SY, Lee YJ, Kim DW, Park S. Oxidized Carbon Nitrides: Water-Dispersible, Atomically Thin Carbon Nitride-Based Nanodots and Their Performances as Bioimaging Probes. Chemistry 2015; 21:6241-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
44
|
Tong J, Zhang L, Li F, Li M, Cao S. An efficient top-down approach for the fabrication of large-aspect-ratio g-C3N4 nanosheets with enhanced photocatalytic activities. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:23532-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04057d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and high-yield production of g-C3N4 nanosheets with large aspect ratios by a moderate disintegration–exfoliation approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Tong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
- China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
- China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
- China
| | - Mingming Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
- China
| | - Shaokui Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
- China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li HJ, Sun BW, Sui L, Qian DJ, Chen M. Preparation of water-dispersible porous g-C3N4 with improved photocatalytic activity by chemical oxidation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:3309-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05020g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Water-dispersible porous g-C3N4 with improved photocatalytic activity can be prepared by chemical oxidation of bulk g-C3N4 with K2Cr2O7–H2SO4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
| | - Bo-Wen Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
| | - Li Sui
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Dong-Jin Qian
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tong J, Zhang L, Li F, Wang K, Han L, Cao S. Rapid and high-yield production of g-C3N4 nanosheets via chemical exfoliation for photocatalytic H2 evolution. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16988g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and high-yield production of g-C3N4 nanosheets with enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution activity under visible-light irradiation was achieved by adding water into a concentrated H2SO4 suspension of bulk g-C3N4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Tong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
- China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
- China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
- China
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
- China
| | - Lifen Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
- China
| | - Shaokui Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
- China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhao F, Li Z, Wang L, Hu C, Zhang Z, Li C, Qu L. Supramolecular quantum dots as biodegradable nano-probes for upconversion-enabled bioimaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04831a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular quantum dots derived from graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets exhibit unique biodegradable upconversion-enabled bioimaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Life Science
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Chuangang Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Zhipan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Chun Li
- School of Life Science
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
| | - Liangti Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| |
Collapse
|