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Fang Z, Wu X, Xiao L, Wang C, Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Jablonska PA, La Rosa A, Dempke WCM, Furqan M, Fan H. Somatic KMT2D loss-of-function mutations in lung squamous cell carcinoma: a single-center cohort study. J Thorac Dis 2024; 16:3338-3349. [PMID: 38883659 PMCID: PMC11170359 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-24-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Background The significant progress has been made in targeted therapy for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in the past decade. Only few targeted therapeutics have yet been approved for the treatment of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Several higher frequency of gene alterations are identified as potentially actionable in LUSC. Our work aimed to explore the complex interplay of multiple genetic alterations and pathways contributing to the pathogenesis of LUSC, with a very low frequency of a single driver molecular alterations to develop more effective therapeutic strategies in the future. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) data (approximately 600 genes) of 335 patients initially diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at our institution between January 2019 and March 2023 and explored the somatic genome alteration difference between LUSC and LUAD. Results We analyzed that the presence of loss-of-function (LoF) mutations (nonsense, frameshift, and splice-site variants) in histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D) was much more prevalent in LUSC (11/53, 20.8%) than in LUAD (6/282, 2.1%). Moreover, our data indicated TP53 co-mutated with KMT2D LoF in 90.9% (10/11) LUSC and 33.3% (2/6) LUAD. Notably, the mutation allele fraction (MAF) of KMT2D was very similar to that of TP53 in the co-mutated cases. Genomic profiling of driver gene mutations of NSCLC showed that 81.8% (9/11) of the patients with LUSC with KMT2D LoF mutations had PIK3CA amplification and/or FGFR1 amplification. Conclusions Our results prompted that somatic LoF mutations of KMT2D occur frequently in LUSC, but are less frequent in LUAD and therefore may potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of LUSC. Concurrent TP53 mutations, FGFR1 amplification, and PIK3CA amplification are very common in LUSC cases with KMT2D LoF mutations. It needs more deeper investigation on the interplay of the genes and pathways and uses larger cohorts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekui Fang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiping Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- Mygene Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Multiplex PCR & Tumor Diagnostics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Mygene Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Multiplex PCR & Tumor Diagnostics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingchao Zhang
- Mygene Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Multiplex PCR & Tumor Diagnostics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Paola Anna Jablonska
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alonso La Rosa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Wolfram C M Dempke
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Muhammad Furqan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Huizhen Fan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Lu M, Chen Y, Zhang X, Zhang P. Role of AT-rich interaction domain 1A in gastric cancer immunotherapy: Preclinical and clinical perspectives. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 28:e18063. [PMID: 38041544 PMCID: PMC10902580 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) using monoclonal antibodies has brought about a profound transformation in the clinical outcomes for patients grappling with advanced gastric cancer (GC). Nonetheless, despite these achievements, the quest for effective functional biomarkers for ICI therapy remains constrained. Recent research endeavours have shed light on the critical involvement of modified epigenetic regulators in the pathogenesis of gastric tumorigenesis, thus providing a glimpse into potential biomarkers. Among these regulatory factors, AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A), a pivotal constituent of the switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex, has emerged as a promising candidate. Investigations have unveiled the pivotal role of ARID1A in bridging the gap between genome instability and the reconfiguration of the tumour immune microenvironment, culminating in an enhanced response to ICI within the landscape of gastric cancer treatment. This all-encompassing review aims to dissect the potential of ARID1A as a valuable biomarker for immunotherapeutic approaches in gastric cancer, drawing from insights garnered from both preclinical experimentation and clinical observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Youzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Qiaoyun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Mengyao Lu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, the Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zhang G, Wang Z, Song P, Zhan X. DNA and histone modifications as potent diagnostic and therapeutic targets to advance non-small cell lung cancer management from the perspective of 3P medicine. EPMA J 2022; 13:649-669. [PMID: 36505890 PMCID: PMC9727004 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-022-00300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer has a very high mortality in females and males. Most (~ 85%) of lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). When lung cancer is diagnosed, most of them have either local or distant metastasis, with a poor prognosis. In order to achieve better outcomes, it is imperative to identify the molecular signature based on genetic and epigenetic variations for different NSCLC subgroups. We hypothesize that DNA and histone modifications play significant roles in the framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM; 3P medicine). Epigenetics has a significant impact on tumorigenicity, tumor heterogeneity, and tumor resistance to chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. An increasing interest is that epigenomic regulation is recognized as a potential treatment option for NSCLC. Most attention has been paid to the epigenetic alteration patterns of DNA and histones. This article aims to review the roles DNA and histone modifications play in tumorigenesis, early detection and diagnosis, and advancements and therapies of NSCLC, and also explore the connection between DNA and histone modifications and PPPM, which may provide an important contribution to improve the prognosis of NSCLC. We found that the success of targeting DNA and histone modifications is limited in the clinic, and how to combine the therapies to improve patient outcomes is necessary in further studies, especially for predictive diagnostics, targeted prevention, and personalization of medical services in the 3P medicine approach. It is concluded that DNA and histone modifications are potent diagnostic and therapeutic targets to advance non-small cell lung cancer management from the perspective of 3P medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Shandong 250117 Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengdan Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Shandong 250117 Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pingping Song
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Shandong 250117 Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Shandong 250117 Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People’s Republic of China
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Feoli A, Viviano M, Cipriano A, Milite C, Castellano S, Sbardella G. Lysine methyltransferase inhibitors: where we are now. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:359-406. [PMID: 35441141 PMCID: PMC8985178 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00196e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein lysine methyltransferases constitute a large family of epigenetic writers that catalyse the transfer of a methyl group from the cofactor S-adenosyl-l-methionine to histone- and non-histone-specific substrates. Alterations in the expression and activity of these proteins have been linked to the genesis and progress of several diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and growing defects, hence they represent interesting targets for new therapeutic approaches. Over the past two decades, the identification of modulators of lysine methyltransferases has increased tremendously, clarifying the role of these proteins in different physio-pathological states. The aim of this review is to furnish an updated outlook about the protein lysine methyltransferases disclosed modulators, reporting their potency, their mechanism of action and their eventual use in clinical and preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Feoli
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 I-84084 Fisciano SA Italy +39-089-96-9602 +39-089-96-9770
| | - Monica Viviano
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 I-84084 Fisciano SA Italy +39-089-96-9602 +39-089-96-9770
| | - Alessandra Cipriano
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 I-84084 Fisciano SA Italy +39-089-96-9602 +39-089-96-9770
| | - Ciro Milite
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 I-84084 Fisciano SA Italy +39-089-96-9602 +39-089-96-9770
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 I-84084 Fisciano SA Italy +39-089-96-9602 +39-089-96-9770
| | - Gianluca Sbardella
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 I-84084 Fisciano SA Italy +39-089-96-9602 +39-089-96-9770
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The MLL3/4 H3K4 methyltransferase complex in establishing an active enhancer landscape. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1041-1054. [PMID: 34156443 PMCID: PMC8286814 DOI: 10.1042/bst20191164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Enhancers are cis-regulatory elements that play essential roles in tissue-specific gene expression during development. Enhancer function in the expression of developmental genes requires precise regulation, while deregulation of enhancer function could be the main cause of tissue-specific cancer development. MLL3/KMT2C and MLL4/KMT2D are two paralogous histone modifiers that belong to the SET1/MLL (also named COMPASS) family of lysine methyltransferases and play critical roles in enhancer-regulated gene activation. Importantly, large-scale DNA sequencing studies have revealed that they are amongst the most frequently mutated genes associated with human cancers. MLL3 and MLL4 form identical multi-protein complexes for modifying mono-methylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) at enhancers, which together with the p300/CBP-mediated H3K27 acetylation can generate an active enhancer landscape for long-range target gene activation. Recent studies have provided a better understanding of the possible mechanisms underlying the roles of MLL3/MLL4 complexes in enhancer regulation. Moreover, accumulating studies offer new insights into our knowledge of the potential role of MLL3/MLL4 in cancer development. In this review, we summarize recent evidence on the molecular mechanisms of MLL3/MLL4 in the regulation of active enhancer landscape and long-range gene expression, and discuss their clinical implications in human cancers.
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6
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Sadeghi L, Wright AP. Migration and Adhesion of B-Lymphocytes to Specific Microenvironments in Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Interplay between Signaling Pathways and the Epigenetic Landscape. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126247. [PMID: 34200679 PMCID: PMC8228059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte migration to and sequestration in specific microenvironments plays a crucial role in their differentiation and survival. Lymphocyte trafficking and homing are tightly regulated by signaling pathways and is mediated by cytokines, chemokines, cytokine/chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules. The production of cytokines and chemokines is largely controlled by transcription factors in the context of a specific epigenetic landscape. These regulatory factors are strongly interconnected, and they influence the gene expression pattern in lymphocytes, promoting processes such as cell survival. The epigenetic status of the genome plays a key role in regulating gene expression during many key biological processes, and it is becoming more evident that dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms contributes to cancer initiation, progression and drug resistance. Here, we review the signaling pathways that regulate lymphoma cell migration and adhesion with a focus on Mantle cell lymphoma and highlight the fundamental role of epigenetic mechanisms in integrating signals at the level of gene expression throughout the genome.
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7
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Lee JE, Kim MY. Cancer epigenetics: Past, present and future. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:4-14. [PMID: 33798724 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer was thought to be caused solely by genetic mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. In the last 35 years, however, epigenetic changes have been increasingly recognized as another primary driver of carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Epigenetic deregulation in cancer often includes mutations and/or aberrant expression of chromatin-modifying enzymes, their associated proteins, and even non-coding RNAs, which can alter chromatin structure and dynamics. This leads to changes in gene expression that ultimately contribute to the emergence and evolution of cancer cells. Studies of the deregulation of chromatin modifiers in cancer cells have reshaped the way we approach cancer and guided the development of novel anticancer therapeutics that target epigenetic factors. There remain, however, a number of unanswered questions in this field that are the focus of present research. Areas of particular interest include the actions of emerging classes of epigenetic regulators of carcinogenesis and the tumor microenvironment, as well as epigenetic tumor heterogeneity. In this review, we discuss past findings on epigenetic mechanisms of cancer, current trends in the field of cancer epigenetics, and the directions of future research that may lead to the identification of new prognostic markers for cancer and the development of more effective anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Eun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Cancer Metastasis Control Center, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Fagan RJ, Dingwall AK. COMPASS Ascending: Emerging clues regarding the roles of MLL3/KMT2C and MLL2/KMT2D proteins in cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 458:56-65. [PMID: 31128216 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The KMT2 (lysine methyltransferase) family of histone modifying proteins play essential roles in regulating developmental pathways, and mutations in the genes encoding these proteins have been strongly linked to many blood and solid tumor cancers. The KMT2A-D proteins are histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferases embedded in large COMPASS-like complexes important for RNA Polymerase II-dependent transcription. KMT2 mutations were initially associated with pediatric Mixed Lineage Leukemias (MLL) and found to be the result of rearrangements of the MLL1/KMT2A gene at 11q23. Over the past several years, large-scale tumor DNA sequencing studies have revealed the potential involvement of other KMT2 family genes, including heterozygous somatic mutations in the paralogous MLL3/KMT2C and MLL2(4)/KMT2D genes that are now among the most frequently associated with human cancer. Recent studies have provided a better understanding of the potential roles of disrupted KMT2C and KMT2D family proteins in cell growth aberrancy. These findings, together with an examination of cancer genomics databases provide new insights into the contribution of KMT2C/D proteins in epigenetic gene regulation and links to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Fagan
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60521, USA
| | - Andrew K Dingwall
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60521, USA; Department of Cancer Biology and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60521, USA.
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9
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Vrecko S, Guenat D, Mercier-Letondal P, Faucheu H, Dosset M, Royer B, Galaine J, Boidot R, Kim S, Jary M, Adotévi O, Borg C, Godet Y. Personalized identification of tumor-associated immunogenic neoepitopes in hepatocellular carcinoma in complete remission after sorafenib treatment. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35394-35407. [PMID: 30459932 PMCID: PMC6226040 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib, a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, is the current standard systemic treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Sorafenib has anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative properties and is also known to favor anti-tumor T cell responses by reducing the population of immunosuppressive cells such as Treg and MDSC. Anti-tumor immune responses, especially mediated by CD4+ T-cells, are critical for tumor cells eradication and therapies modulating those responses are appealing in a growing number of cancers. Here, we report and investigate the case of a patient diagnosed with an advanced HCC treated by sorafenib who experienced a complete histological response. We aimed to identify immunogenic peptides derived from tumor mutated proteins that stimulated CD4+ T cells responses thus favoring the exceptional recovery process of this patient. Tumor neoantigens were identified using whole exome sequencing of normal and tumor tissue and peptide MHC binding prediction algorithms. Among 442 tumor-specific somatic variants, 50 missense mutations and 20 neoepitopes predicted to bind MHC-II were identified. Candidate neoepitopes immunogenicity was assessed by IFN-γ ELISpot after culture of patient's PBMCs in presence of synthetic neopeptides. CD4+ memory T cell responses were detected against a mutated IL-1βS230F peptide and two additional neoepitopes from HELZ2V241M and MLL2A4458V suggesting that efficient anti-tumor immune response occurred in this patient. These results showed that T cells can recognize neoantigens and may lead to the cancer elimination after immunomodulation in the tumor-microenvironment induced by sorafenib. This observation indicates that other immunotherapies in combination with sorafenib could potentially increase the response rate in HCC at advanced stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindy Vrecko
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon F-25000, France
| | - David Guenat
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon F-25000, France
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, Besançon F-25000, France
- University Hospital of Besançon, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Besançon F-25000, France
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Patricia Mercier-Letondal
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon F-25000, France
| | - Hugues Faucheu
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon F-25000, France
- University Hospital of Besançon, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Besançon F-25000, France
| | - Magalie Dosset
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon F-25000, France
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, Besançon F-25000, France
| | - Bernard Royer
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon F-25000, France
- University Hospital of Besançon, Department of Pharmacology, Besançon F-25000, France
| | - Jeanne Galaine
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon F-25000, France
| | - Romain Boidot
- Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumours, Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR123, Dijon F-21000, France
| | - Stefano Kim
- University Hospital of Besançon, Department of Medical Oncology, Besançon F-25000, France
| | - Marine Jary
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon F-25000, France
- University Hospital of Besançon, Department of Medical Oncology, Besançon F-25000, France
| | - Olivier Adotévi
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon F-25000, France
- University Hospital of Besançon, Department of Medical Oncology, Besançon F-25000, France
| | - Christophe Borg
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon F-25000, France
- University Hospital of Besançon, Department of Medical Oncology, Besançon F-25000, France
| | - Yann Godet
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon F-25000, France
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Chen Y, Liu X, Li Y, Quan C, Zheng L, Huang K. Lung Cancer Therapy Targeting Histone Methylation: Opportunities and Challenges. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:211-223. [PMID: 30002791 PMCID: PMC6039709 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies. In spite of the progress made in past decades, further studies to improve current therapy for lung cancer are required. Dynamically controlled by methyltransferases and demethylases, methylation of lysine and arginine residues on histone proteins regulates chromatin organization and thereby gene transcription. Aberrant alterations of histone methylation have been demonstrated to be associated with the progress of multiple cancers including lung cancer. Inhibitors of methyltransferases and demethylases have exhibited anti-tumor activities in lung cancer, and multiple lead candidates are under clinical trials. Here, we summarize how histone methylation functions in lung cancer, highlighting most recent progresses in small molecular inhibitors for lung cancer treatment.
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Key Words
- ALK, anaplastic lymphoma kinase
- DUSP3, dual-specificity phosphatase 3
- EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- Elk1, ETS-domain containing protein
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- Histone demethylase
- Histone demethylation
- Histone methylation
- Histone methyltransferase
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- Inhibitors
- KDMs, lysine demethylases
- KLF2, Kruppel-like factor 2
- KMTs, lysine methyltransferases
- LSDs, lysine specific demethylases
- Lung cancer
- MEP50, methylosome protein 50
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- PAD4, peptidylarginine deiminase 4
- PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- PDX, patient-derived xenografts
- PRC2, polycomb repressive complex 2
- PRMTs, protein arginine methyltrasferases
- PTMs, posttranslational modifications
- SAH, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
- SAM, S-adenosyl-L-methionine
- SCLC, small cell lung cancer
- TIMP3, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xinran Liu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yangkai Li
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chuntao Quan
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Hui X, Hu Y, Sun MA, Shu X, Han R, Ge Q, Wang Y. EBT: a statistic test identifying moderate size of significant features with balanced power and precision for genome-wide rate comparisons. Bioinformatics 2018; 33:2631-2641. [PMID: 28472273 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation In genome-wide rate comparison studies, there is a big challenge for effective identification of an appropriate number of significant features objectively, since traditional statistical comparisons without multi-testing correction can generate a large number of false positives while multi-testing correction tremendously decreases the statistic power. Results In this study, we proposed a new exact test based on the translation of rate comparison to two binomial distributions. With modeling and real datasets, the exact binomial test (EBT) showed an advantage in balancing the statistical precision and power, by providing an appropriate size of significant features for further studies. Both correlation analysis and bootstrapping tests demonstrated that EBT is as robust as the typical rate-comparison methods, e.g. χ 2 test, Fisher's exact test and Binomial test. Performance comparison among machine learning models with features identified by different statistical tests further demonstrated the advantage of EBT. The new test was also applied to analyze the genome-wide somatic gene mutation rate difference between lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), two main lung cancer subtypes and a list of new markers were identified that could be lineage-specifically associated with carcinogenesis of LUAD and LUSC, respectively. Interestingly, three cilia genes were found selectively with high mutation rates in LUSC, possibly implying the importance of cilia dysfunction in the carcinogenesis. Availability and implementation An R package implementing EBT could be downloaded from the website freely: http://www.szu-bioinf.org/EBT . Contact wangyj@szu.edu.cn. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Hui
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yueming Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ming-An Sun
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Xingsheng Shu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Rongfei Han
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qinggang Ge
- Department of Critical Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yejun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
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12
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Yang X, Zhuo M, Ye X, Bai H, Wang Z, Sun Y, Zhao J, An T, Duan J, Wu M, Wang J. Quantification of mutant alleles in circulating tumor DNA can predict survival in lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20810-24. [PMID: 26989078 PMCID: PMC4991494 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to investigate the feasibility of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) for the quantitative and dynamic detection of EGFR mutations and next generation sequencing (NGS) for screening EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) resistance-relevant mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from advanced lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) patients. Results Detection limit of EGFR mutation in ctDNA by ddPCR was 0.04%. Taking the EGFR mutation in tumor tissue as the golden standard, the concordance of EGFR mutations detected in ctDNA was 74% (54/73). Patients with EGFR mutation in ctDNA (n = 54) superior progression-free survival (PFS, median, 12.6 vs. 6.7 months, P < 0.001) and overall survival (OS, median, 35.6 vs. 23.8 months, P = 0.028) compared to those with EGFR wild type in ctDNA (n = 19). Patients with high EGFR-mutated abundance in ctDNA (> 5.15%) showed better PFS compared to those with low EGFR mutated abundance (≤ 5.15%) (PFS, median, 15.4 vs. 11.1 months, P = 0.021). NGS results showed that 66.6% (8/12) total mutational copy number were elevated and 76.5% (26/34) mutual mutation frequency increased after disease progression. Methods Seventy-three advanced ADC patients with tumor tissues carrying EGFR mutations and their matched pre- and post-EGFR-TKIs plasma samples were enrolled in this study. Absolute quantities of plasma EGFR mutant and wild-type alleles were measured by ddPCR. Multi-genes testing was performed using NGS in 12 patients. Conclusions Dynamic and quantitative analysis of EGFR mutation in ctDNA could guide personalized therapy for advanced ADC. NGS shows good performance in multiple genes testing especially novel and uncommon genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Minglei Zhuo
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Asia and Emerging Markets Innovative Medicine of AstraZeneca R & D, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Asia and Emerging Markets Innovative Medicine of AstraZeneca R & D, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong An
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jianchun Duan
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Meina Wu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
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13
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Basturk O, Berger MF, Yamaguchi H, Adsay V, Askan G, Bhanot UK, Zehir A, Carneiro F, Hong SM, Zamboni G, Dikoglu E, Jobanputra V, Wrzeszczynski KO, Balci S, Allen P, Ikari N, Takeuchi S, Akagawa H, Kanno A, Shimosegawa T, Morikawa T, Motoi F, Unno M, Higuchi R, Yamamoto M, Shimizu K, Furukawa T, Klimstra DS. Pancreatic intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm is genetically distinct from intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and ductal adenocarcinoma. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:1760-1772. [PMID: 28776573 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm is a relatively recently described member of the pancreatic intraductal neoplasm family. The more common member of this family, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, often carries genetic alterations typical of pancreatic infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma (KRAS, TP53, and CDKN2A) but additionally has mutations in GNAS and RNF43 genes. However, the genetic characteristics of intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm have not been well characterized. Twenty-two intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms were analyzed by either targeted next-generation sequencing, which enabled the identification of sequence mutations, copy number alterations, and selected structural rearrangements involving all targeted (≥300) genes, or whole-exome sequencing. Three of these intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms were also subjected to whole-genome sequencing. All intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms revealed the characteristic histologic (cellular intraductal nodules of back-to-back tubular glands lined by predominantly cuboidal cells with atypical nuclei and no obvious intracellular mucin) and immunohistochemical (immunolabeled with MUC1 and MUC6 but were negative for MUC2 and MUC5AC) features. By genomic analyses, there was loss of CDKN2A in 5/20 (25%) of these cases. However, the majority of the previously reported intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm-related alterations were absent. Moreover, in contrast to most ductal neoplasms of the pancreas, MAP-kinase pathway was not involved. In fact, 2/22 (9%) of intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms did not reveal any mutations in the tested genes. However, certain chromatin remodeling genes (MLL1, MLL2, MLL3, BAP1, PBRM1, EED, and ATRX) were found to be mutated in 7/22 (32%) of intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms and 27% harbored phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway (PIK3CA, PIK3CB, INPP4A, and PTEN) mutations. In addition, 4/18 (18%) of intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms had FGFR2 fusions (FGFR2-CEP55, FGFR2-SASS6, DISP1-FGFR2, FGFR2-TXLNA, and FGFR2-VCL) and 1/18 (5.5%) had STRN-ALK fusion. Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm is a distinct clinicopathologic entity in the pancreas. Although its intraductal nature and some clinicopathologic features resemble those of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, our results suggest that intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm has distinguishing genetic characteristics. Some of these mutated genes are potentially targetable. Future functional studies will be needed to determine the consequences of these gene alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olca Basturk
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael F Berger
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Volkan Adsay
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gokce Askan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Umesh K Bhanot
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ahmet Zehir
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fatima Carneiro
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João/Faculty of Medicine of Porto University and Institute for Research and Innovation in Health/Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Giuseppe Zamboni
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Ospedale S.C.-Don Calabria-Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Esra Dikoglu
- New York Genome Center, Molecular Diagnostics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vaidehi Jobanputra
- New York Genome Center, Molecular Diagnostics, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, Colombia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Serdar Balci
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter Allen
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Naoki Ikari
- Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Takeuchi
- Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Akagawa
- Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kanno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tooru Shimosegawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takanori Morikawa
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Motoi
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryota Higuchi
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Furukawa
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David S Klimstra
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Lau KW, Seng C, Lim TKH, Tan DSW. Expanded molecular interrogation for potential actionable targets in non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:372. [PMID: 29057232 PMCID: PMC5635263 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.08.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The advent of targeted therapies has established new standards of care for defined molecular subsets of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Not only has this led to significant changes in the routine clinical management of lung cancer e.g., multiplexed genomic testing, but it has provided important principles and benchmarks for determining "actionability". At present, the clinical paradigms are most evolved for EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements, where multiple randomized phase III trials have determined optimal treatment strategies in both treatment naïve and resistant settings. However, this may not always be feasible with low prevalence alterations e.g., ROS1 and BRAF mutations. Another emerging observation is that not all targets are equally "actionable", necessitating a rigorous preclinical, clinical and translational framework to prosecute new targets and drug candidates. In this review, we will cover the role of targeted therapies for NSCLC harbouring BRAF, MET, HER2 and RET alterations, all of which have shown promise in non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (ns-NSCLC). We further review some early epigenetic targets in NSCLC, an area of emerging interest. With increased molecular segmentation of lung cancer, we discuss the upcoming challenges in drug development and implementation of precision oncology approaches, especially in light of the complex and rapidly evolving therapeutic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Weng Lau
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ASTAR, Singapore
| | - Claudia Seng
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tony K H Lim
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Daniel S W Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, ASTAR, Singapore
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15
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Zhang W, Sun J, Luo J. High Expression of Rab-like 3 (Rabl3) is Associated with Poor Survival of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via Repression of MAPK8/9/10-Mediated Autophagy. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:1582-8. [PMID: 27164297 PMCID: PMC4918526 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rab-like 3 (Rabl3) is a member of the Rab subfamily of small GTPases which are involved in controlling proliferation and vesicular trafficking. Recent studies suggest that Rab proteins might play a critical role in regulating cancer cell survival, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Material/Methods We performed a bioinformatics analysis to examine the correlation between the expression level of Rabl3 and survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in three independent cohorts containing 484 patients. The function of Rabl3 was examined in NSCLC cell line A549 in vitro. Following Rabl3 knockdown, cells were stained with propidium iodine (PI) and Annexin V, followed by flow cytometry analysis (FACS) for cell death and autophagy induction. The activity of the MAPK signaling pathway was assessed by Western blotting of different MAPK phosphorylations, and modulated with different chemical inhibitors. Results High expression of Rabl3 was significantly correlated with poor survival in all three independent NSCLC cohorts. In line with this result, Rabl3 was frequently overexpressed in lung cancer cell lines as compared with normal lung fibroblast cell lines. Knockdown of Rabl3 in lung cancer cells significantly enhanced cell death accompanied with autophagy induction, as evidenced by an increased level of autophagy marker LC3-II. Interestingly, Rabl3 knockdown was associated with enhanced activation of MAPK8/9/10 but not MAPK11/12/13/14. Treatment of MAPK8/9/10-specific inhibitor SP600125, but not MAPK11/12/13/14-specific inhibitor SB203580, largely abolished Rabl3 knockdown-induced LC3-I/LC3-II conversion and autophagic cell death. Conclusions Together, these results suggest that high expression of Rabl3 might inhibit cell death in NSCLCs via repression of MAPK8/9/10-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Respiration, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Junming Luo
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
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16
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Jeon MJ, Chun SM, Kim D, Kwon H, Jang EK, Kim TY, Kim WB, Shong YK, Jang SJ, Song DE, Kim WG. Genomic Alterations of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Detected by Targeted Massive Parallel Sequencing in a BRAF(V600E) Mutation-Prevalent Area. Thyroid 2016; 26:683-90. [PMID: 26980298 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), the most aggressive type of thyroid cancer, has no effective therapy. Due to its dismal prognosis, it is vital to understand the genetic alterations of ATC and identify effective molecular targets. Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed to investigate the mutational profile of ATC using a massive parallel sequencing approach. METHODS DNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival samples of 11 ATCs and normal matched pairs were used. A total of 48 genetic alterations were identified by targeted exome sequencing. These alterations were validated by mass spectrometric genotyping and direct Sanger sequencing. RESULTS The most commonly mutated gene was BRAF, identified in 10 samples (91%), all showing the V600E point mutation. A KRAS point mutation was observed in the one sample (9%) without the BRAF(V600E) mutation. All 11 ATCs harbored BRAF or RAS mutations, reflecting the possibility that differentiated thyroid carcinomas progress to ATCs after the accumulation of mutations. A loss of function mutation of TP53 was observed in eight samples (73%), a PIK3CA mutation was observed in two samples (18%), and a frameshift mutation of PTEN was observed in one sample (9%). Twenty-eight novel mutated genes were found that had not previously been associated with ATC. Of these, loss of function mutations of NF2, KMT2D, and PKHD1 were repeatedly seen in three samples (27%), two samples (18%), and two samples (18%), respectively. Using direct Sanger sequencing, two samples (18%) were also found with a RASAL1 mutation. KMT2D and RASAL1 mutations were significantly associated with shorter ATC patient survival. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive analysis of ATCs using targeted massive parallel sequencing identified several novel mutations in ATCs, such as loss of function mutations of NF2 or KMT2D. Future studies are needed to confirm the role of these novel mutations as independent drivers of ATC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Jeon
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Min Chun
- 2 Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Deokhoon Kim
- 3 Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Science , Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyemi Kwon
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Jang
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Yong Kim
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Bae Kim
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kee Shong
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Jin Jang
- 2 Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Eun Song
- 2 Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Gu Kim
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
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17
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Kantidakis T, Saponaro M, Mitter R, Horswell S, Kranz A, Boeing S, Aygün O, Kelly GP, Matthews N, Stewart A, Stewart AF, Svejstrup JQ. Mutation of cancer driver MLL2 results in transcription stress and genome instability. Genes Dev 2016; 30:408-20. [PMID: 26883360 PMCID: PMC4762426 DOI: 10.1101/gad.275453.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genome instability is a recurring feature of tumorigenesis. Mutation in MLL2, encoding a histone methyltransferase, is a driver in numerous different cancer types, but the mechanism is unclear. Here, we present evidence that MLL2 mutation results in genome instability. Mouse cells in which MLL2 gene deletion can be induced display elevated levels of sister chromatid exchange, gross chromosomal aberrations, 53BP1 foci, and micronuclei. Human MLL2 knockout cells are characterized by genome instability as well. Interestingly, MLL2 interacts with RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and RECQL5, and, although MLL2 mutated cells have normal overall H3K4me levels in genes, nucleosomes in the immediate vicinity of RNAPII are hypomethylated. Importantly, MLL2 mutated cells display signs of substantial transcription stress, and the most affected genes overlap with early replicating fragile sites, show elevated levels of γH2AX, and suffer frequent mutation. The requirement for MLL2 in the maintenance of genome stability in genes helps explain its widespread role in cancer and points to transcription stress as a strong driver in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Kantidakis
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, The Francis Crick Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Saponaro
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, The Francis Crick Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Mitter
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Group, The Francis Crick Institute, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Horswell
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Group, The Francis Crick Institute, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Kranz
- Biotechnologisches Zentrum, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Boeing
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, The Francis Crick Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, United Kingdom
| | - Ozan Aygün
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, The Francis Crick Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin P Kelly
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Group, The Francis Crick Institute, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | - Nik Matthews
- Advanced Sequencing Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | - Aengus Stewart
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Group, The Francis Crick Institute, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | - A Francis Stewart
- Biotechnologisches Zentrum, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jesper Q Svejstrup
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, The Francis Crick Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, United Kingdom
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18
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Klonowska K, Czubak K, Wojciechowska M, Handschuh L, Zmienko A, Figlerowicz M, Dams-Kozlowska H, Kozlowski P. Oncogenomic portals for the visualization and analysis of genome-wide cancer data. Oncotarget 2016; 7:176-92. [PMID: 26484415 PMCID: PMC4807991 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatically acquired genomic alterations that drive oncogenic cellular processes are of great scientific and clinical interest. Since the initiation of large-scale cancer genomic projects (e.g., the Cancer Genome Project, The Cancer Genome Atlas, and the International Cancer Genome Consortium cancer genome projects), a number of web-based portals have been created to facilitate access to multidimensional oncogenomic data and assist with the interpretation of the data. The portals provide the visualization of small-size mutations, copy number variations, methylation, and gene/protein expression data that can be correlated with the available clinical, epidemiological, and molecular features. Additionally, the portals enable to analyze the gathered data with the use of various user-friendly statistical tools. Herein, we present a highly illustrated review of seven portals, i.e., Tumorscape, UCSC Cancer Genomics Browser, ICGC Data Portal, COSMIC, cBioPortal, IntOGen, and BioProfiling.de. All of the selected portals are user-friendly and can be exploited by scientists from different cancer-associated fields, including those without bioinformatics background. It is expected that the use of the portals will contribute to a better understanding of cancer molecular etiology and will ultimately accelerate the translation of genomic knowledge into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Klonowska
- European Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karol Czubak
- European Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marzena Wojciechowska
- European Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Luiza Handschuh
- European Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zmienko
- European Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Institute of Computing Sciences, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Figlerowicz
- European Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Institute of Computing Sciences, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Dams-Kozlowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Kozlowski
- European Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Abstract
Approximately 50% of all congenital anomalies cannot be linked to any specific genetic etiology, but in recent years cost effective high throughput sequencing has emerged as an efficient strategy for identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with disease. However, in many cases there is not enough evidence to determine if these SNPs underlie disease. To bridge this gap in our understanding advances in functional analyses are warranted. Several preclinical model systems are currently being utilized to provide such evidence, including the advantageous zebrafish embryo. While every system exhibits disadvantages and caveats, a new era of multidisciplinary research has evolved, which uses a broad spectrum of functional analysis tools. This approach will make it possible to identify potential therapeutic targets for both common and rare human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita M Quintana
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso TX 79934
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Verigos J, Magklara A. Revealing the Complexity of Breast Cancer by Next Generation Sequencing. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:2183-200. [PMID: 26561834 PMCID: PMC4695885 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7040885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years the increasing usage of "-omic" platforms, supported by next-generation sequencing, in the analysis of breast cancer samples has tremendously advanced our understanding of the disease. New driver and passenger mutations, rare chromosomal rearrangements and other genomic aberrations identified by whole genome and exome sequencing are providing missing pieces of the genomic architecture of breast cancer. High resolution maps of breast cancer methylomes and sequencing of the miRNA microworld are beginning to paint the epigenomic landscape of the disease. Transcriptomic profiling is giving us a glimpse into the gene regulatory networks that govern the fate of the breast cancer cell. At the same time, integrative analysis of sequencing data confirms an extensive intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity and plasticity in breast cancer arguing for a new approach to the problem. In this review, we report on the latest findings on the molecular characterization of breast cancer using NGS technologies, and we discuss their potential implications for the improvement of existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Verigos
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
- Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology,Foundation for Research & Technology-Hellas, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - Angeliki Magklara
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
- Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology,Foundation for Research & Technology-Hellas, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
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21
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Rapamycin inhibited the function of lung CSCs via SOX2. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:4929-37. [PMID: 26526583 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is the source of occurrence, aggravation, and recurrence of lung cancer. Accordingly, targeting killing the lung CSCs has been suggested to be an effective approach for lung cancer treatment. In this study, we showed that rapamycin inhibited the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal transduction in A549 cells and improved the sensitivity to cisplatin (DDP). The mechanisms involve inhibition of the SOX2 expression, cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, and sphere formation. Interestingly, knocked down SOX2 was a similar effect with rapamycin in A549 sphere. Furthermore, we showed that ectopic expression of Sox2 in A549 cells was sufficient to render them more resistant to rapamycin treatment in vitro. These data suggested that rapamycin inhibited the function of lung CSCs via SOX2. It will be of great interest to further explore the therapeutic strategies of lung cancer.
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Chen S, Shao C, Xu M, Ji J, Xie Y, Lei Y, Wang X. Macrophage infiltration promotes invasiveness of breast cancer cells via activating long non-coding RNA UCA1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:9052-9061. [PMID: 26464647 PMCID: PMC4583879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is now considerable evidence supporting the view that macrophage infiltration is playing a critical role in the proliferation and progression of breast cancer but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. To this end, using long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression profiling, we examined changes in lncRNA expression in breast cancer cells treated with conditioned medium (CM) from cultured human THP-1 macrophages. We found that treatment with macrophage CM induced the expression of numerous lncRNAs, including urothelial cancer associated 1 (UCA1). Knockdown of UCA1 using shRNA inhibited AKT phosphorylation and abolished invasiveness of tumor cells induced by macrophage CM. Consistent with these results; we further showed that UCA1 level was significantly enhanced in human primary breast tumors and correlated with advanced clinical stage, supporting its role in promoting carcinogenesis and progression of breast cancer. Together, these results suggest that macrophage could promote invasiveness of breast cancer cells by enhancing expression of lncRNA UCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzheng Chen
- Lishui Central Hospital & Zhejiang University Lishui HospitalLishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuxiao Shao
- Lishui Central Hospital & Zhejiang University Lishui HospitalLishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Xu
- Lishui Central Hospital & Zhejiang University Lishui HospitalLishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiansong Ji
- Lishui Central Hospital & Zhejiang University Lishui HospitalLishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanru Xie
- Lishui Central Hospital & Zhejiang University Lishui HospitalLishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongliang Lei
- Lishui Center for Disease Control and PreventionLishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Lishui Center for Disease Control and PreventionLishui, Zhejiang, China
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23
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Wang H, Cui K, Xu K, Xu S. Association between plasma homocysteine and progression of early nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:11174-11180. [PMID: 26379920 PMCID: PMC4565303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is now growing evidence supporting the association between renal insufficiency and accumulation of plasma homocysteine (Hcy). However, the role of Hcy in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetic patients is not clearly elucidated. To this end, we performed a prospective observational study in 208 patients and 49 controls. We show that baseline level of Hcy is significantly enhanced in patients with DN and is associated with the severity of the disease. Focusing on patients at early DN stage (n = 157), after four-year follow-up, we find that increase in plasma Hcy level correlates with greater renal failure characterized by faster decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Using a multivariate linear regression model, we show that plasma Hcy remains significantly associated with eGFR decline after controlling for other progression promoters. Our results support that plasma Hcy is an independent risk factor as well as an early predictor for DN progression in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xinxiang Central HospitalHenan, China
| | - Kai Cui
- Department of General Tumor Surgery, Xinxiang Central HospitalHenan, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Xinxiang Central HospitalHenan, China
| | - Shixin Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Xinxiang Central HospitalHenan, China
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24
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Chen SS, Song J, Tu XY, Zhao JH, Ye XQ. The association between MMP-12 82 A/G polymorphism and susceptibility to various malignant tumors: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:10845-10854. [PMID: 26379878 PMCID: PMC4565261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases responsible for degrading essentially all components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Accumulating evidence suggests that MMPs might play a critical role in growth, invasion, and metastasis of malignant tumors. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of MMP-12, MMP-12 82 A/G (rs2276109), has been recognized to play a critical role in regulating the expression of MMP-12, however, its correlation with tumor susceptibility remains controversial. To address this issue, we performed meta-analysis to investigate the association MMP-12 82 A/G polymorphism and susceptibility of nine malignant tumors from 11 studies, including 6153 cancer patients and 6838 controls. Two reviewers independently screened studies for eligibility and extracted data for included studies. While overall no evident association between MMP-12 82 A/G and tumor susceptibility was observed, subgroup analysis revealed a specific role of G allele in increasing the susceptibility for epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) using the allele model (fixed effects OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.46-4.10, P = 0.001) and the dominant model (fixed effects OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.49-4.24, P = 0.001). We thus suggest that G allele of MMP-12 82 A/G polymorphism is a genetic risk factor for EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Song Chen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Tu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ji-Hua Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiao-Qun Ye
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang 330006, China
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25
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Lee JJ, Sholl LM, Lindeman NI, Granter SR, Laga AC, Shivdasani P, Chin G, Luke JJ, Ott PA, Hodi FS, Mihm MC, Lin JY, Werchniak AE, Haynes HA, Bailey N, Liu R, Murphy GF, Lian CG. Targeted next-generation sequencing reveals high frequency of mutations in epigenetic regulators across treatment-naïve patient melanomas. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:59. [PMID: 26221190 PMCID: PMC4517542 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent developments in genomic sequencing have advanced our understanding of the mutations underlying human malignancy. Melanoma is a prototype of an aggressive, genetically heterogeneous cancer notorious for its biologic plasticity and predilection towards developing resistance to targeted therapies. Evidence is rapidly accumulating that dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation/demethylation, histone modification, non-coding RNAs) may play a central role in the pathogenesis of melanoma. Therefore, we sought to characterize the frequency and nature of mutations in epigenetic regulators in clinical, treatment-naïve, patient melanoma specimens obtained from one academic institution. RESULTS Targeted next-generation sequencing for 275 known and investigative cancer genes (of which 41 genes, or 14.9 %, encoded an epigenetic regulator) of 38 treatment-naïve patient melanoma samples revealed that 22.3 % (165 of 740) of all non-silent mutations affected an epigenetic regulator. The most frequently mutated genes were BRAF, MECOM, NRAS, TP53, MLL2, and CDKN2A. Of the 40 most commonly mutated genes, 12 (30.0 %) encoded epigenetic regulators, including genes encoding enzymes involved in histone modification (MECOM, MLL2, SETD2), chromatin remodeling (ARID1B, ARID2), and DNA methylation and demethylation (TET2, IDH1). Among the 38 patient melanoma samples, 35 (92.1 %) harbored at least one mutation in an epigenetic regulator. The genes with the highest number of total UVB-signature mutations encoded epigenetic regulators, including MLL2 (100 %, 16 of 16) and MECOM (82.6 %, 19 of 23). Moreover, on average, epigenetic genes harbored a significantly greater number of UVB-signature mutations per gene than non-epigenetic genes (3.7 versus 2.4, respectively; p = 0.01). Bioinformatics analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) melanoma mutation dataset also revealed a frequency of mutations in the 41 epigenetic genes comparable to that found within our cohort of patient melanoma samples. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified a high prevalence of somatic mutations in genes encoding epigenetic regulators, including those involved in DNA demethylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and microRNA processing. Moreover, UVB-signature mutations were found more commonly among epigenetic genes than in non-epigenetic genes. Taken together, these findings further implicate epigenetic mechanisms, particularly those involving the chromatin-remodeling enzyme MECOM/EVI1 and histone-modifying enzyme MLL2, in the pathobiology of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Lee
- />Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, EBRC Suite 401, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Lynette M. Sholl
- />Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, EBRC Suite 401, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Neal I. Lindeman
- />Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, EBRC Suite 401, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Scott R. Granter
- />Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, EBRC Suite 401, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Alvaro C. Laga
- />Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, EBRC Suite 401, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Priyanka Shivdasani
- />Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, EBRC Suite 401, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Gary Chin
- />Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, EBRC Suite 401, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jason J. Luke
- />Melanoma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215-5450 USA
| | - Patrick A. Ott
- />Melanoma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215-5450 USA
| | - F. Stephen Hodi
- />Melanoma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215-5450 USA
| | - Martin C. Mihm
- />Melanoma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215-5450 USA
| | - Jennifer Y. Lin
- />Melanoma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215-5450 USA
| | - Andrew E. Werchniak
- />Melanoma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215-5450 USA
| | - Harley A. Haynes
- />Melanoma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215-5450 USA
| | - Nancy Bailey
- />Melanoma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215-5450 USA
| | - Robert Liu
- />Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, EBRC Suite 401, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - George F. Murphy
- />Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, EBRC Suite 401, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Christine G. Lian
- />Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, EBRC Suite 401, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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26
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Sun FF, Hu YH, Xiong LP, Tu XY, Zhao JH, Chen SS, Song J, Ye XQ. Enhanced expression of stem cell markers and drug resistance in sphere-forming non-small cell lung cancer cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:6287-6300. [PMID: 26261505 PMCID: PMC4525839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence suggesting that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are playing critical roles in tumor progression, metastasis and drug resistance. However, the role of CSCs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains elusive. In this study, we enriched for stem-like cells from tumor spheres derived from NSCLC cell line A549 cultured in serum-free medium. Our results showed that sphere-derived cells expressed various stem cell markers such as CD44, CD133, Sox2 and Oct4. Compared with the corresponding cells in monolayer cultures, sphere-derived cells showed marked morphologic changes and increased expression of the stem cell markers CD133. Furthermore, we found that sphere-derived cells exhibited increased proliferation, cell-cycle progression as well as drug-resistant properties as compared to A549 adherent cells. Consistently, expression of several drug resistance proteins, including lung resistance-related protein (LRP), glutathion-S-transferase-π (GST-π) and multidrug resistance proteins-1 (MRP1) were all significantly enhanced in sphere-derived cells. These results indicate the enrichment of CSCs in sphere cultures and support their role in regulating drug resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Feng Sun
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, China
| | - Yong-He Hu
- The General Hospital of Chengdu Military RegionChengdu 610083, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lv-Ping Xiong
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Tu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, China
| | - Ji-Hua Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, China
| | - Sheng-Song Chen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, China
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiao-Qun Ye
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, China
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27
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Qiu F, Xiong JP, Deng J, Xiang XJ. TRIM29 functions as an oncogene in gastric cancer and is regulated by miR-185. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:5053-5061. [PMID: 26191199 PMCID: PMC4503071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing 29 (TRIM29) belongs to TRIM family of transcription factors and may function as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor depending on the tumor types. Overexpression of TRIM29 is frequently observed in gastric cancer but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the function of TRIM29 in gastric cancer-derived cell line MGC803. RNAi-mediated silencing of TRIM29 resulted in significantly reduced cell proliferation and colony formation, as well as G1-S cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Interestingly, expression levels of β-catenin, cyclin D1 and c-Myc were all downregulated in TRIM29 knockdown cells, indicating that TRIM29 is involved in regulating the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, based on target prediction and luciferase assay, we identified TRIM29 as a potential target of miR-185, which is frequently downregulated in gastric cancer. Over-expression of miR-185 in MGC803 cells inhibited TRIM29 expression and activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Taken together, our results suggest that TRIM29 functions as an oncogene in gastric cancer and is regulated by miR-185.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qiu
- Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Xiang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Hamamoto R, Saloura V, Nakamura Y. Critical roles of non-histone protein lysine methylation in human tumorigenesis. Nat Rev Cancer 2015; 15:110-24. [PMID: 25614009 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several protein lysine methyltransferases and demethylases have been identified to have critical roles in histone modification. A large body of evidence has indicated that their dysregulation is involved in the development and progression of various diseases, including cancer, and these enzymes are now considered to be potential therapeutic targets. Although most studies have focused on histone methylation, many reports have revealed that these enzymes also regulate the methylation dynamics of non-histone proteins such as p53, RB1 and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), which have important roles in human tumorigenesis. In this Review, we summarize the molecular functions of protein lysine methylation and its involvement in human cancer, with a particular focus on lysine methylation of non-histone proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Hamamoto
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 2115 Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Vassiliki Saloura
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 2115 Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 2115 Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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The cancer COMPASS: navigating the functions of MLL complexes in cancer. Cancer Genet 2015; 208:178-91. [PMID: 25794446 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mixed-lineage leukemia family of histone methyltransferases (MLL1-4, or KMT2A-D) were previously linked to cancer through the founding member, MLL1/KMT2A, which is often involved in translocation-associated gene fusion events in childhood leukemias. However, in recent years, a multitude of tumor exome sequencing studies have revealed that orthologues MLL3/KMT2C and MLL2/KMT2D are mutated in a significant percentage of a large variety of malignancies, particularly solid tumors. These unexpected findings necessitate a deeper inspection into the activities and functional differences between the MLL/KMT2 family members. This review provides an overview of this protein family and its relation to cancers, focusing on the recent links between MLL3/KMT2C and MLL2/4/KMT2D and their potential roles as tumor suppressors in an assortment of cell types.
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30
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Liu X, Wang L, Chen J, Ling Q, Wang H, Li S, Li L, Yang S, Xia M, Jing L. Estrogen receptor β agonist enhances temozolomide sensitivity of glioma cells by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1516-22. [PMID: 25351348 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor among adults. Temozolomide (TMZ) is widely used as the first‑line postsurgical drug for malignant glioma. However, the therapeutic efficacy of TMZ remains ineffective as inherited or acquired drug resistance is frequently observed. Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) has emerged as a tumor suppressor and a key regulator of signal transduction in glioma cells. However, little is known about the role of ERβ in regulating the chemotherapeutic response to TMZ. In the current study, the TMZ‑resistant U138 glioma cells were treated with the novel ERβ agonist liquiritigenin (Liq). It was observed that Liq significantly enhanced ERβ expression and sensitized glioma cells to TMZ‑induced proliferation inhibition. As a potential mechanism, it was noted that Liq treatment significantly inhibited the activity of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which played a protective role against the TMZ‑induced cytotoxicity. In addition, it was demonstrated that ERβ knockdown or activation of the phosphatidylinositol‑4,5‑bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway by insulin‑like growth factor 1 both eradicated the function of Liq. These results suggest that Liq treatment enhances glioma cell susceptibility to TMZ by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. As hyperactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is frequently observed in gliomas, the combined use of ERβ agonists may become a feasible therapy option to overcome chemoresistance to TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Libo Wang
- China‑Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- China‑Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Qi Ling
- Jilin Medical College, Jilin, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Shilin Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Liming Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Mingying Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Ling Jing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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