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Saponaro M. Adding a transcription-coupled repair pathway. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:670-671. [PMID: 38600233 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01399-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Saponaro
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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2
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Mackay HL, Stone HR, Ellis K, Ronson GE, Walker AK, Starowicz K, Garvin AJ, van Eijk P, Vaitsiankova A, Vijayendran S, Beesley JF, Petermann E, Brown EJ, Densham RM, Reed SH, Dobbs F, Saponaro M, Morris JR. USP50 suppresses alternative RecQ helicase use and deleterious DNA2 activity during replication. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.10.574674. [PMID: 38260523 PMCID: PMC10802463 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.574674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian DNA replication employs several RecQ DNA helicases to orchestrate the faithful duplication of genetic information. Helicase function is often coupled to the activity of specific nucleases, but how helicase and nuclease activities are co-directed is unclear. Here we identify the inactive ubiquitin-specific protease, USP50, as a ubiquitin-binding and chromatin-associated protein required for ongoing replication, fork restart, telomere maintenance and cellular survival during replicative stress. USP50 supports WRN:FEN1 at stalled replication forks, suppresses MUS81-dependent fork collapse and restricts double-strand DNA breaks at GC-rich sequences. Surprisingly we find that cells depleted for USP50 and recovering from a replication block exhibit increased DNA2 and RECQL4 foci and that the defects in ongoing replication, poor fork restart and increased fork collapse seen in these cells are mediated by DNA2, RECQL4 and RECQL5. These data define a novel ubiquitin-dependent pathway that promotes the balance of helicase: nuclease use at ongoing and stalled replication forks.
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Wang J, Muste Sadurni M, Saponaro M. RNAPII response to transcription-blocking DNA lesions in mammalian cells. FEBS J 2023; 290:4382-4394. [PMID: 35731652 PMCID: PMC10952651 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
RNA polymerase II moves along genes to decode genetic information stored in the mammalian genome into messenger RNA and different forms of non-coding RNA. However, the transcription process is frequently challenged by DNA lesions caused by exogenous and endogenous insults, among which helix-distorting DNA lesions and double-stranded DNA breaks are particularly harmful for cell survival. In response to such DNA damage, RNA polymerase II transcription is regulated both locally and globally by multi-layer mechanisms, whereas transcription-blocking lesions are repaired before transcription can recover. Failure in DNA damage repair will cause genome instability and cell death. Although recent studies have expanded our understanding of RNA polymerase II regulation confronting DNA lesions, it is still not always clear what the direct contribution of RNA polymerase II is in the DNA damage repair processes. In this review, we focus on how RNA polymerase II and transcription are both repressed by transcription stalling lesions such as DNA-adducts and double strand breaks, as well as how they are actively regulated to support the cellular response to DNA damage and favour the repair of lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Wang
- Transcription Associated Genome Instability Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of BirminghamUK
| | - Martina Muste Sadurni
- Transcription Associated Genome Instability Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of BirminghamUK
| | - Marco Saponaro
- Transcription Associated Genome Instability Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of BirminghamUK
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4
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Scaramuzza S, Jones RM, Sadurni MM, Reynolds-Winczura A, Poovathumkadavil D, Farrell A, Natsume T, Rojas P, Cuesta CF, Kanemaki MT, Saponaro M, Gambus A. TRAIP resolves DNA replication-transcription conflicts during the S-phase of unperturbed cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5071. [PMID: 37604812 PMCID: PMC10442450 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40695-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell division is the basis for the propagation of life and requires accurate duplication of all genetic information. DNA damage created during replication (replication stress) is a major cause of cancer, premature aging and a spectrum of other human disorders. Over the years, TRAIP E3 ubiquitin ligase has been shown to play a role in various cellular processes that govern genome integrity and faultless segregation. TRAIP is essential for cell viability, and mutations in TRAIP ubiquitin ligase activity lead to primordial dwarfism in patients. Here, we have determined the mechanism of inhibition of cell proliferation in TRAIP-depleted cells. We have taken advantage of the auxin induced degron system to rapidly degrade TRAIP within cells and to dissect the importance of various functions of TRAIP in different stages of the cell cycle. We conclude that upon rapid TRAIP degradation, specifically in S-phase, cells cease to proliferate, arrest in G2 stage of the cell cycle and undergo senescence. Our findings reveal that TRAIP works in S-phase to prevent DNA damage at transcription start sites, caused by replication-transcription conflicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Scaramuzza
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Cancer Research UK - Manchester Institute, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Rebecca M Jones
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martina Muste Sadurni
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alicja Reynolds-Winczura
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Divyasree Poovathumkadavil
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Abigail Farrell
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Toyoaki Natsume
- Department of Chromosome Science, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Research Center for Genome & Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Patricia Rojas
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cyntia Fernandez Cuesta
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Masato T Kanemaki
- Department of Chromosome Science, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Marco Saponaro
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Agnieszka Gambus
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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5
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Hosni S, Kilian V, Klümper N, Saponaro M, Ellinger J, Corvino D, Gabbia D, Bald T, De Martin S, Hölzel M, Ritter M, Eckstein M, Alajati A. Pre-adipocyte-driven NRG1 promotes resistance to FGFR3 inhibition in urothelial carcinoma. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)01219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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6
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Bayley R, Borel V, Moss RJ, Sweatman E, Ruis P, Ormrod A, Goula A, Mottram RMA, Stanage T, Hewitt G, Saponaro M, Stewart GS, Boulton SJ, Higgs MR. H3K4 methylation by SETD1A/BOD1L facilitates RIF1-dependent NHEJ. Mol Cell 2022; 82:1924-1939.e10. [PMID: 35439434 PMCID: PMC9616806 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The 53BP1-RIF1-shieldin pathway maintains genome stability by suppressing nucleolytic degradation of DNA ends at double-strand breaks (DSBs). Although RIF1 interacts with damaged chromatin via phospho-53BP1 and facilitates recruitment of the shieldin complex to DSBs, it is unclear whether other regulatory cues contribute to this response. Here, we implicate methylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 by SETD1A-BOD1L in the recruitment of RIF1 to DSBs. Compromising SETD1A or BOD1L expression or deregulating H3K4 methylation allows uncontrolled resection of DNA ends, impairs end-joining of dysfunctional telomeres, and abrogates class switch recombination. Moreover, defects in RIF1 localization to DSBs are evident in patient cells bearing loss-of-function mutations in SETD1A. Loss of SETD1A-dependent RIF1 recruitment in BRCA1-deficient cells restores homologous recombination and leads to resistance to poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibition, reinforcing the clinical relevance of these observations. Mechanistically, RIF1 binds directly to methylated H3K4, facilitating its recruitment to, or stabilization at, DSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bayley
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Valerie Borel
- DSB Repair Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, UK
| | - Rhiannon J Moss
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ellie Sweatman
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Philip Ruis
- DSB Repair Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, UK
| | - Alice Ormrod
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Amalia Goula
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rachel M A Mottram
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tyler Stanage
- DSB Repair Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, UK
| | - Graeme Hewitt
- DSB Repair Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, UK
| | - Marco Saponaro
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Grant S Stewart
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Simon J Boulton
- DSB Repair Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, UK.
| | - Martin R Higgs
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Abstract
Transcription and replication are the two most essential processes that a cell does with its DNA: they allow cells to express the genomic content that is required for their functions and to create a perfect copy of this genomic information to pass on to the daughter cells. Nevertheless, these two processes are in a constant ambivalent relationship. When transcription and replication occupy the same regions, there is the possibility of conflicts between transcription and replication as transcription can impair DNA replication progression leading to increased DNA damage. Nevertheless, DNA replication origins are preferentially located in open chromatin next to actively transcribed regions, meaning that the possibility of conflicts is potentially an accepted incident for cells. Data in the literature point both towards the existence or not of coordination between these two processes to avoid the danger of collisions. Several reviews have been published on transcription-replication conflicts, but we focus here on the most recent findings that relate to how these two processes are coordinated in eukaryotes, considering advantages and disadvantages from coordination, how likely conflicts are at any given time, and which are their potential hotspots in the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Saponaro
- Transcription Associated Genome Instability Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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De S, Edwards DM, Dwivedi V, Wang J, Varsally W, Dixon HL, Singh AK, Owuamalam PO, Wright MT, Summers RP, Hossain MN, Price EM, Wojewodzic MW, Falciani F, Hodges NJ, Saponaro M, Tanaka K, Azzalin CM, Baumann P, Hebenstreit D, Brogna S. Genome-wide chromosomal association of Upf1 is linked to Pol II transcription in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 50:350-367. [PMID: 34928380 PMCID: PMC8754637 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the RNA helicase Upf1 has hitherto been examined mostly in relation to its cytoplasmic role in nonsense mediated mRNA decay (NMD), here we report high-throughput ChIP data indicating genome-wide association of Upf1 with active genes in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This association is RNase sensitive, correlates with Pol II transcription and mRNA expression levels. Changes in Pol II occupancy were detected in a Upf1 deficient (upf1Δ) strain, prevalently at genes showing a high Upf1 relative to Pol II association in wild-type. Additionally, an increased Ser2 Pol II signal was detected at all highly transcribed genes examined by ChIP-qPCR. Furthermore, upf1Δ cells are hypersensitive to the transcription elongation inhibitor 6-azauracil. A significant proportion of the genes associated with Upf1 in wild-type conditions are also mis-regulated in upf1Δ. These data envisage that by operating on the nascent transcript, Upf1 might influence Pol II phosphorylation and transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip De
- School of Biosciences and Birmingham Centre of Genome Biology (BCGB), University of Birmingham, UK.,Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Center for Biologics and Evaluation Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - David M Edwards
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Vibha Dwivedi
- School of Biosciences and Birmingham Centre of Genome Biology (BCGB), University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Jianming Wang
- School of Biosciences and Birmingham Centre of Genome Biology (BCGB), University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Wazeer Varsally
- School of Biosciences and Birmingham Centre of Genome Biology (BCGB), University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Hannah L Dixon
- School of Biosciences and Birmingham Centre of Genome Biology (BCGB), University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Anand K Singh
- School of Biosciences and Birmingham Centre of Genome Biology (BCGB), University of Birmingham, UK.,Interdisciplinary School of Life Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Precious O Owuamalam
- School of Biosciences and Birmingham Centre of Genome Biology (BCGB), University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Matthew T Wright
- School of Biosciences and Birmingham Centre of Genome Biology (BCGB), University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Reece P Summers
- School of Biosciences and Birmingham Centre of Genome Biology (BCGB), University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Md Nazmul Hossain
- School of Biosciences and Birmingham Centre of Genome Biology (BCGB), University of Birmingham, UK.,Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Emily M Price
- School of Biosciences and Birmingham Centre of Genome Biology (BCGB), University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Marcin W Wojewodzic
- School of Biosciences and Birmingham Centre of Genome Biology (BCGB), University of Birmingham, UK.,Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway & Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway & Environmental Genomics, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Francesco Falciani
- School of Biosciences and Birmingham Centre of Genome Biology (BCGB), University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Nikolas J Hodges
- School of Biosciences and Birmingham Centre of Genome Biology (BCGB), University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Marco Saponaro
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Kayoko Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, UK
| | - Claus M Azzalin
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Saverio Brogna
- School of Biosciences and Birmingham Centre of Genome Biology (BCGB), University of Birmingham, UK
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9
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Wang J, Saponaro M. Protocol for analysis of G2/M DNA synthesis in human cells. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100570. [PMID: 34136835 PMCID: PMC8178111 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
G2/M DNA synthesis (G-MiDS) can be observed in one in five G2/M cells in unperturbed conditions by immunofluorescence microscopy. However, little is known of the genomic sites undergoing G-MiDS. Here, we describe a protocol which allows enriching for G2/M cells and investigating the sites of G-MiDS using BrdU-seq. This method can also be used to study the role of DNA replication or transcription-associated factors in affecting G-MiDS levels in different cell lines. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wang et al. (2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Wang
- Transcription Associated Genome Instability Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Marco Saponaro
- Transcription Associated Genome Instability Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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10
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Saponaro M, D’Ambrosio M, Schmidt A, Klümper N, Hölzel M, Ritter M, Alimonti A, Alajati A. CDCP1 overexpression is associated with a specific immune-infiltrate driving prostate cancer progression. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)00803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Wang J, Rojas P, Mao J, Mustè Sadurnì M, Garnier O, Xiao S, Higgs MR, Garcia P, Saponaro M. Persistence of RNA transcription during DNA replication delays duplication of transcription start sites until G2/M. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108759. [PMID: 33596418 PMCID: PMC7900609 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As transcription and replication use DNA as substrate, conflicts between transcription and replication can occur, leading to genome instability with direct consequences for human health. To determine how the two processes are coordinated throughout S phase, we characterize both processes together at high resolution. We find that transcription occurs during DNA replication, with transcription start sites (TSSs) not fully replicated along with surrounding regions and remaining under-replicated until late in the cell cycle. TSSs undergo completion of DNA replication specifically when cells enter mitosis, when RNA polymerase II is removed. Intriguingly, G2/M DNA synthesis occurs at high frequency in unperturbed cell culture, but it is not associated with increased DNA damage and is fundamentally separated from mitotic DNA synthesis. TSSs duplicated in G2/M are characterized by a series of specific features, including high levels of antisense transcription, making them difficult to duplicate during S phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Wang
- Transcription Associated Genome Instability Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Patricia Rojas
- Transcription Associated Genome Instability Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jingwen Mao
- Transcription Associated Genome Instability Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Martina Mustè Sadurnì
- Transcription Associated Genome Instability Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Olivia Garnier
- Transcription Associated Genome Instability Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Songshu Xiao
- Transcription Associated Genome Instability Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Martin R Higgs
- Lysine Methylation and DNA Damage Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paloma Garcia
- Stem Cells and Genome Stability Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Marco Saponaro
- Transcription Associated Genome Instability Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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12
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Bowry A, Piberger AL, Rojas P, Saponaro M, Petermann E. BET Inhibition Induces HEXIM1- and RAD51-Dependent Conflicts between Transcription and Replication. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2061-2069.e4. [PMID: 30463005 PMCID: PMC6280123 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BET bromodomain proteins are required for oncogenic transcription activities, and BET inhibitors have been rapidly advanced into clinical trials. Understanding the effects of BET inhibition on processes such as DNA replication will be important for future clinical applications. Here, we show that BET inhibition, and specifically inhibition of BRD4, causes replication stress through a rapid overall increase in RNA synthesis. We provide evidence that BET inhibition acts by releasing P-TEFb from its inhibitor HEXIM1, promoting interference between transcription and replication. Unusually, these transcription-replication conflicts do not activate the ATM/ATR-dependent DNA damage response but recruit the homologous recombination factor RAD51. Both HEXIM1 and RAD51 promote BET inhibitor-induced fork slowing but also prevent a DNA damage response. Our data suggest that BET inhibitors slow replication through concerted action of transcription and recombination machineries and shed light on the importance of replication stress in the action of this class of experimental cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Bowry
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ann Liza Piberger
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Patricia Rojas
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Marco Saponaro
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Eva Petermann
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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13
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Williamson L, Saponaro M, Boeing S, East P, Mitter R, Kantidakis T, Kelly GP, Lobley A, Walker J, Spencer-Dene B, Howell M, Stewart A, Svejstrup JQ. UV Irradiation Induces a Non-coding RNA that Functionally Opposes the Protein Encoded by the Same Gene. Cell 2017; 168:843-855.e13. [PMID: 28215706 PMCID: PMC5332558 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The transcription-related DNA damage response was analyzed on a genome-wide scale with great spatial and temporal resolution. Upon UV irradiation, a slowdown of transcript elongation and restriction of gene activity to the promoter-proximal ∼25 kb is observed. This is associated with a shift from expression of long mRNAs to shorter isoforms, incorporating alternative last exons (ALEs) that are more proximal to the transcription start site. Notably, this includes a shift from a protein-coding ASCC3 mRNA to a shorter ALE isoform of which the RNA, rather than an encoded protein, is critical for the eventual recovery of transcription. The non-coding ASCC3 isoform counteracts the function of the protein-coding isoform, indicating crosstalk between them. Thus, the ASCC3 gene expresses both coding and non-coding transcript isoforms with opposite effects on transcription recovery after UV-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Williamson
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Marco Saponaro
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK; Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stefan Boeing
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK; Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Philip East
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Richard Mitter
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Theodoros Kantidakis
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Gavin P Kelly
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Anna Lobley
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jane Walker
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Bradley Spencer-Dene
- Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michael Howell
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Aengus Stewart
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jesper Q Svejstrup
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK.
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14
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Godin-Heymann N, Brabetz S, Murillo MM, Saponaro M, Santos CR, Lobley A, East P, Chakravarty P, Matthews N, Kelly G, Jordan S, Castellano E, Downward J. Tumour-suppression function of KLF12 through regulation of anoikis. Oncogene 2016; 35:3324-34. [PMID: 26455320 PMCID: PMC4929484 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Suppression of detachment-induced cell death, known as anoikis, is an essential step for cancer metastasis to occur. We report here that expression of KLF12, a member of the Kruppel-like family of transcription factors, is downregulated in lung cancer cell lines that have been selected to grow in the absence of cell adhesion. Knockdown of KLF12 in parental cells results in decreased apoptosis following cell detachment from matrix. KLF12 regulates anoikis by promoting the cell cycle transition through S phase and therefore cell proliferation. Reduced expression levels of KLF12 results in increased ability of lung cancer cells to form tumours in vivo and is associated with poorer survival in lung cancer patients. We therefore identify KLF12 as a novel metastasis-suppressor gene whose loss of function is associated with anoikis resistance through control of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Godin-Heymann
- Signal Transduction, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK
| | - S Brabetz
- Signal Transduction, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK
| | - M M Murillo
- Signal Transduction, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - M Saponaro
- Mechanisms of Gene Transcription Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - C R Santos
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK
| | - A Lobley
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK
| | - P East
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK
| | - P Chakravarty
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK
| | - N Matthews
- Advanced Sequencing Facility, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK
| | - G Kelly
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK
| | - S Jordan
- Signal Transduction, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK
| | - E Castellano
- Signal Transduction, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK
| | - J Downward
- Signal Transduction, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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15
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Kantidakis T, Saponaro M, Mitter R, Horswell S, Kranz A, Boeing S, Aygün O, Kelly GP, Matthews N, Stewart A, Stewart AF, Svejstrup JQ. Mutation of cancer driver MLL2 results in transcription stress and genome instability. Genes Dev 2016; 30:408-20. [PMID: 26883360 PMCID: PMC4762426 DOI: 10.1101/gad.275453.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genome instability is a recurring feature of tumorigenesis. Mutation in MLL2, encoding a histone methyltransferase, is a driver in numerous different cancer types, but the mechanism is unclear. Here, we present evidence that MLL2 mutation results in genome instability. Mouse cells in which MLL2 gene deletion can be induced display elevated levels of sister chromatid exchange, gross chromosomal aberrations, 53BP1 foci, and micronuclei. Human MLL2 knockout cells are characterized by genome instability as well. Interestingly, MLL2 interacts with RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and RECQL5, and, although MLL2 mutated cells have normal overall H3K4me levels in genes, nucleosomes in the immediate vicinity of RNAPII are hypomethylated. Importantly, MLL2 mutated cells display signs of substantial transcription stress, and the most affected genes overlap with early replicating fragile sites, show elevated levels of γH2AX, and suffer frequent mutation. The requirement for MLL2 in the maintenance of genome stability in genes helps explain its widespread role in cancer and points to transcription stress as a strong driver in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Kantidakis
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, The Francis Crick Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Saponaro
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, The Francis Crick Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Mitter
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Group, The Francis Crick Institute, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Horswell
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Group, The Francis Crick Institute, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Kranz
- Biotechnologisches Zentrum, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Boeing
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, The Francis Crick Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, United Kingdom
| | - Ozan Aygün
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, The Francis Crick Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin P Kelly
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Group, The Francis Crick Institute, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | - Nik Matthews
- Advanced Sequencing Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | - Aengus Stewart
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Group, The Francis Crick Institute, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | - A Francis Stewart
- Biotechnologisches Zentrum, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jesper Q Svejstrup
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, The Francis Crick Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, United Kingdom
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16
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Saponaro M, Kantidakis T, Mitter R, Kelly GP, Heron M, Williams H, Söding J, Stewart A, Svejstrup JQ. RECQL5 controls transcript elongation and suppresses genome instability associated with transcription stress. Cell 2014; 157:1037-49. [PMID: 24836610 PMCID: PMC4032574 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
RECQL5 is the sole member of the RECQ family of helicases associated with RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). We now show that RECQL5 is a general elongation factor that is important for preserving genome stability during transcription. Depletion or overexpression of RECQL5 results in corresponding shifts in the genome-wide RNAPII density profile. Elongation is particularly affected, with RECQL5 depletion causing a striking increase in the average rate, concurrent with increased stalling, pausing, arrest, and/or backtracking (transcription stress). RECQL5 therefore controls the movement of RNAPII across genes. Loss of RECQL5 also results in the loss or gain of genomic regions, with the breakpoints of lost regions located in genes and common fragile sites. The chromosomal breakpoints overlap with areas of elevated transcription stress, suggesting that RECQL5 suppresses such stress and its detrimental effects, and thereby prevents genome instability in the transcribed region of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Saponaro
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, South Mimms, EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Theodoros Kantidakis
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, South Mimms, EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Richard Mitter
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Group, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Gavin P Kelly
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Group, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Mark Heron
- Gene Center and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah Williams
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, South Mimms, EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Johannes Söding
- Gene Center and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Aengus Stewart
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Group, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Jesper Q Svejstrup
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, South Mimms, EN6 3LD, UK.
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17
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Alzu A, Bermejo R, Begnis M, Lucca C, Piccini D, Carotenuto W, Saponaro M, Brambati A, Cocito A, Foiani M, Liberi G. Senataxin associates with replication forks to protect fork integrity across RNA-polymerase-II-transcribed genes. Cell 2013; 151:835-846. [PMID: 23141540 PMCID: PMC3494831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transcription hinders replication fork progression and stability. The ATR checkpoint and specialized DNA helicases assist DNA synthesis across transcription units to protect genome integrity. Combining genomic and genetic approaches together with the analysis of replication intermediates, we searched for factors coordinating replication with transcription. We show that the Sen1/Senataxin DNA/RNA helicase associates with forks, promoting their progression across RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)-transcribed genes. sen1 mutants accumulate aberrant DNA structures and DNA-RNA hybrids while forks clash head-on with RNAPII transcription units. These replication defects correlate with hyperrecombination and checkpoint activation in sen1 mutants. The Sen1 function at the forks is separable from its role in RNA processing. Our data, besides unmasking a key role for Senataxin in coordinating replication with transcription, provide a framework for understanding the pathological mechanisms caused by Senataxin deficiencies and leading to the severe neurodegenerative diseases ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Alzu
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) Foundation, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Bermejo
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) Foundation, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Begnis
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) Foundation, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Lucca
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) Foundation, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Piccini
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) Foundation, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Walter Carotenuto
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) Foundation, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Saponaro
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) Foundation, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Brambati
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) Foundation, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto di Genetica Molecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Cocito
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) Foundation, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Foiani
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) Foundation, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; DSBB-Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Giordano Liberi
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) Foundation, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto di Genetica Molecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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18
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Abstract
Ubiquitylation is a highly diverse and complex post-translational modification for the regulation of protein function and stability. Studies of ubiquitylation have, however, been hampered by its rapid reversal in cell extracts, for example through the action of de-ubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs). Here we describe a novel ubiquitin-binding protein reagent, MultiDsk, composed of an array of five UBA domains from the yeast ubiquitin-binding protein Dsk2, fused to GST. MultiDsk binds ubiquitylated substrates with unprecedented avidity, and can be used as both an affinity resin to study protein ubiquitylation, and to effectively protect ubiquitylated proteins from the action of DUBs and the proteasome in crude cell extracts. We use the resin to show that the Def1 protein becomes ubiquitylated in response to DNA damage, and to isolate ubiquitylated forms of RNA polymerase II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus D. Wilson
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Saponaro
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias A. Leidl
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Jesper Q. Svejstrup
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
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19
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Saponaro M, Callahan D, Zheng X, Krejci L, Haber JE, Klein HL, Liberi G. Cdk1 targets Srs2 to complete synthesis-dependent strand annealing and to promote recombinational repair. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1000858. [PMID: 20195513 PMCID: PMC2829061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdk1 kinase phosphorylates budding yeast Srs2, a member of UvrD protein family, displays both DNA translocation and DNA unwinding activities in vitro. Srs2 prevents homologous recombination by dismantling Rad51 filaments and is also required for double-strand break (DSB) repair. Here we examine the biological significance of Cdk1-dependent phosphorylation of Srs2, using mutants that constitutively express the phosphorylated or unphosphorylated protein isoforms. We found that Cdk1 targets Srs2 to repair DSB and, in particular, to complete synthesis-dependent strand annealing, likely controlling the disassembly of a D-loop intermediate. Cdk1-dependent phosphorylation controls turnover of Srs2 at the invading strand; and, in absence of this modification, the turnover of Rad51 is not affected. Further analysis of the recombination phenotypes of the srs2 phospho-mutants showed that Srs2 phosphorylation is not required for the removal of toxic Rad51 nucleofilaments, although it is essential for cell survival, when DNA breaks are channeled into homologous recombinational repair. Cdk1-targeted Srs2 displays a PCNA–independent role and appears to have an attenuated ability to inhibit recombination. Finally, the recombination defects of unphosphorylatable Srs2 are primarily due to unscheduled accumulation of the Srs2 protein in a sumoylated form. Thus, the Srs2 anti-recombination function in removing toxic Rad51 filaments is genetically separable from its role in promoting recombinational repair, which depends exclusively on Cdk1-dependent phosphorylation. We suggest that Cdk1 kinase counteracts unscheduled sumoylation of Srs2 and targets Srs2 to dismantle specific DNA structures, such as the D-loops, in a helicase-dependent manner during homologous recombinational repair. Broken DNA molecules can be repaired by copying a homologous DNA sequence located elsewhere in the genome. This process, called homologous recombination, needs to be carefully regulated, because unwanted DNA exchanges can lead to genome rearrangements and cell death. Cdk1 kinase is required for cell cycle progression and phosphorylates DNA repair factors, such as Srs2, a protein that can both translocate on single-stranded DNA and open the two strands of DNA double helix. DNA translocation activity of Srs2 is crucial to prevent unwanted recombination, while DNA unwinding activity might be important to promote recombination. In this study, we used two srs2 mutants that constitutively express the unphosphorylated or Cdk1-dependent phosphorylated Srs2 protein isoforms. We found that Srs2 performs genetically distinct functions in preventing or promoting homologous recombination. Cdk1 targets Srs2 to promote accurate repair of double-stranded DNA breaks, but is not essential for the removal of toxic recombination intermediates assembled at single-stranded DNA breaks. Further, Cdk1 counteracts sumoylation of Srs2, which is responsible for recombination defects due to the lack of Srs2 phosphorylation. In summary, Cdk1-dependent Srs2 phosphorylation prevents its unscheduled sumoylation and targets the helicase to promote accurate homologous recombinational repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Saponaro
- Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, The Italian Foundation for Cancer Research and Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie–University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Devon Callahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Kaplan Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xiuzhong Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Kaplan Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lumir Krejci
- Department of Biology and National Center for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - James E. Haber
- Department of Biology and Rosenstiel Medical Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hannah L. Klein
- Department of Biochemistry and Kaplan Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Giordano Liberi
- Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, The Italian Foundation for Cancer Research and Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie–University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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20
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Madaghiele M, Piccinno A, Saponaro M, Maffezzoli A, Sannino A. Collagen- and gelatine-based films sealing vascular prostheses: evaluation of the degree of crosslinking for optimal blood impermeability. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2009; 20:1979-1989. [PMID: 19449199 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-009-3778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The stiffness as well as the biodegradation rate of collagen and gelatine products can be modulated by performing a number of crosslinking treatments. In many biomedical applications, an optimal degree of crosslinking seems to exist, depending on the mechanical and/or biosynthesis properties of the host site. The aim of this study was to evaluate the optimal degree of crosslinking of collagen and gelatine films, to be used as sealants for vascular prostheses. Various crosslinking treatments, including exposure to aldehydes, dehydrothemal treatment, carbodiimide crosslinking and combinations of them, were performed on collagen and gelatine films, and the resulting increases in stiffness, degree of crosslinking and denaturation temperature were evaluated. Analogue crosslinking treatments were also performed on sealed prostheses, which were then tested for blood leakage. The experimental results showed that a good blood impermeability of both collagen and gelatine films was obtained for crosslinking density of about 1.2-1.3 x 10(-5) mol/cm(3), which could be yielded by a dehydrothermal crosslinking treatment (DHT). In particular, dehydrothermally treated gelatine-coated prostheses were found to perform better than analogue collagen-coated ones. The presence of glycerol in crosslinked collagen films was found to have plasticizing effects, which are likely to facilitate blood impermeability, and to increase the thermal stability of collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Madaghiele
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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Chiolo I, Saponaro M, Baryshnikova A, Kim JH, Seo YS, Liberi G. The human F-Box DNA helicase FBH1 faces Saccharomyces cerevisiae Srs2 and postreplication repair pathway roles. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:7439-50. [PMID: 17724085 PMCID: PMC2169053 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00963-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Srs2 UvrD DNA helicase controls genome integrity by preventing unscheduled recombination events. While Srs2 orthologues have been identified in prokaryotic and lower eukaryotic organisms, human orthologues of Srs2 have not been described so far. We found that the human F-box DNA helicase hFBH1 suppresses specific recombination defects of S. cerevisiae srs2 mutants, consistent with the finding that the helicase domain of hFBH1 is highly conserved with that of Srs2. Surprisingly, hFBH1 in the absence of SRS2 also suppresses the DNA damage sensitivity caused by inactivation of postreplication repair-dependent functions leading to PCNA ubiquitylation. The F-box domain of hFBH1, which is not present in Srs2, is crucial for hFBH1 functions in substituting for Srs2 and postreplication repair factors. Furthermore, our findings indicate that an intact F-box domain, acting as an SCF ubiquitin ligase, is required for the DNA damage-induced degradation of hFBH1 itself. Overall, our findings suggest that the hFBH1 helicase is a functional human orthologue of budding yeast Srs2 that also possesses self-regulation properties necessary to execute its recombination functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Chiolo
- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
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Venitucci C, De Candia G, Doronzo A, Saponaro M. PREVALENZA DI ENTEROBATTERI PRO-DUTTORI DI ESBL ISOLATI PRESSO IL LABORATORIO ANALISI DEL P.O. BISCEGLIE. Microbiol Med 2003. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2003.4276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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