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Pofelski A, Liu C, Reisbick S, Han MG, Zhu Y. Vanadium Dioxide Metal Insulator Transition Characterization with In-situ Radio Frequency Excitation Using Ultrafast Transmission Electron Microscopy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1687. [PMID: 37613833 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Pofelski
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - C Liu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - S Reisbick
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - M G Han
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Y Zhu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
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2
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Gavhane D, Sontakke AD, van Huis MA. Thermolysis-Driven Growth of Vanadium Oxide Nanostructures Revealed by In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy: Implications for Battery Applications. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:7280-7289. [PMID: 37205293 PMCID: PMC10186331 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the growth modes of 2D transition-metal oxides through direct observation is of vital importance to tailor these materials to desired structures. Here, we demonstrate thermolysis-driven growth of 2D V2O5 nanostructures via in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Various growth stages in the formation of 2D V2O5 nanostructures through thermal decomposition of a single solid-state NH4VO3 precursor are unveiled during the in situ TEM heating. Growth of orthorhombic V2O5 2D nanosheets and 1D nanobelts is observed in real time. The associated temperature ranges in thermolysis-driven growth of V2O5 nanostructures are optimized through in situ and ex situ heating. Also, the phase transformation of V2O5 to VO2 was revealed in real time by in situ TEM heating. The in situ thermolysis results were reproduced using ex situ heating, which offers opportunities for upscaling the growth of vanadium oxide-based materials. Our findings offer effective, general, and simple pathways to produce versatile 2D V2O5 nanostructures for a range of battery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dnyaneshwar
S. Gavhane
- Soft
Condensed Matter and Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Atul D. Sontakke
- Condensed
Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn A. van Huis
- Soft
Condensed Matter and Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
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3
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Ashida Y, Ishibe T, Yang J, Naruse N, Nakamura Y. Quantitative spatial mapping of distorted state phases during the metal-insulator phase transition for nanoscale VO 2 engineering. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 24:1-9. [PMID: 36583095 PMCID: PMC9793943 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2150525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium dioxide (VO2) material, known for changing physical properties due to metal-insulator transition (MIT) near room temperature, has been reported to undergo a phase change depending on the strain. This fact can be a significant problem for nanoscale devices in VO2, where the strain field covers a large area fraction, spatially non-uniform, and the amount of strain can vary during the MIT process. Direct measurement of the strain field distribution during MIT is expected to establish a methodology for material phase identification. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of geometric phase analysis (GPA), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques, and transmission electron diffraction (TED). The GPA images show that the nanoregions of interest are under tensile strain conditions of less than 0.4% as well as a compressive strain of about 0.7% (Rutile phase VO2[100] direction), indicating that the origin of the newly emerged TED spots in MIT contains a triclinic phase. This study provides a substantial understanding of the strain-temperature phase diagram and strain engineering strategies for effective phase management of nanoscale VO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Ashida
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ishibe
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobuyasu Naruse
- Department of Fundamental Bioscience, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakamura
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
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Computer vision AC-STEM automated image analysis for 2D nanopore applications. Ultramicroscopy 2021; 231:113249. [PMID: 33902953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has led to important discoveries in atomic imaging and as an atom-by-atom fabrication tool. Using electron beams, atomic structures can be patterned, annealed and crystallized, and nanopores can be drilled in thin membranes. We review current progress in TEM analysis and implement a computer vision nanopore-detection algorithm that achieves a 96% pixelwise precision in TEM images of nanopores in 2D membranes (WS2), and discuss parameter optimization including a variation on the traditional grid search and gradient ascent. Such nanopores have applications in ion detection, water filtration, and DNA sequencing, where ionic conductance through the pore should be concordant with its TEM-measured size. Standard computer vision methods have their advantages as they are intuitive and do not require extensive training data. For completeness, we briefly comment on related machine learning for 2D materials analysis and discuss relevant progress in these fields. Image analysis alongside TEM allows correlated fabrication and analysis done simultaneously in situ to engineer devices at the atomic scale.
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Abstract
Abstract
Deep learning is transforming most areas of science and technology, including electron microscopy. This review paper offers a practical perspective aimed at developers with limited familiarity. For context, we review popular applications of deep learning in electron microscopy. Following, we discuss hardware and software needed to get started with deep learning and interface with electron microscopes. We then review neural network components, popular architectures, and their optimization. Finally, we discuss future directions of deep learning in electron microscopy.
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Nanoscale-femtosecond dielectric response of Mott insulators captured by two-color near-field ultrafast electron microscopy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5770. [PMID: 33188192 PMCID: PMC7666229 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing and controlling the out-of-equilibrium state of nanostructured Mott insulators hold great promises for emerging quantum technologies while providing an exciting playground for investigating fundamental physics of strongly-correlated systems. Here, we use two-color near-field ultrafast electron microscopy to photo-induce the insulator-to-metal transition in a single VO2 nanowire and probe the ensuing electronic dynamics with combined nanometer-femtosecond resolution (10−21 m ∙ s). We take advantage of a femtosecond temporal gating of the electron pulse mediated by an infrared laser pulse, and exploit the sensitivity of inelastic electron-light scattering to changes in the material dielectric function. By spatially mapping the near-field dynamics of an individual nanowire of VO2, we observe that ultrafast photo-doping drives the system into a metallic state on a timescale of ~150 fs without yet perturbing the crystalline lattice. Due to the high versatility and sensitivity of the electron probe, our method would allow capturing the electronic dynamics of a wide range of nanoscale materials with ultimate spatiotemporal resolution. The fs control of an insulator-to-metal transition down to a few nanometers and its real-time/real space observation remain a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate a method based on ultrafast electron microscopy to provide a nm/fs resolved view of the electronic dynamics in a single VO2 nanowire.
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Investigation of Statistical Metal-Insulator Transition Properties of Electronic Domains in Spatially Confined VO2 Nanostructure. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10080631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Functional oxides with strongly correlated electron systems, such as vanadium dioxide, manganite, and so on, show a metal-insulator transition and an insulator-metal transition (MIT and IMT) with a change in conductivity of several orders of magnitude. Since the discovery of phase separation during transition processes, many researchers have been trying to capture a nanoscale electronic domain and investigate its exotic properties. To understand the exotic properties of the nanoscale electronic domain, we studied the MIT and IMT properties for the VO2 electronic domains confined into a 20 nm length scale. The confined domains in VO2 exhibited an intrinsic first-order MIT and IMT with an unusually steep single-step change in the temperature dependent resistivity (R-T) curve. The investigation of the temperature-sweep-rate dependent MIT and IMT properties revealed the statistical transition behavior among the domains. These results are the first demonstration approaching the transition dynamics: the competition between the phase-transition kinetics and experimental temperature-sweep-rate in a nano scale. We proposed a statistical transition model to describe the correlation between the domain behavior and the observable R-T curve, which connect the progression of the MIT and IMT from the macroscopic to microscopic viewpoints.
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Chen L, Liu J, Jiang C, Zhao K, Chen H, Shi X, Chen L, Sun C, Zhang S, Wang Y, Zhang Z. Nanoscale Behavior and Manipulation of the Phase Transition in Single-Crystal Cu 2 Se. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804919. [PMID: 30422346 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phase transition is a fundamental physical phenomenon that has been widely studied both theoretically and experimentally. According to the Landau theory, the coexistence of high- and low-temperature phases is thermodynamically impossible during a second-order phase transition in a bulk single crystal. Here, the coexistence of two (α and β) phases in wedge-shaped nanosized single-crystal Cu2 Se over a large temperature range are demonstrated. By considering the surface free-energy difference between the two phases and the shape effect, a thermodynamic model is established, which explicitly explains their coexistence. Intriguingly, it is found that with a precise control of the heating temperature, the phase boundary can be manipulated at atomic level. These discoveries extend the understanding of phase transitions to the nanoscale and shed light on rational manipulation of phase transitions in nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Center of Electron Microscopy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Center of Electron Microscopy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Chao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Center of Electron Microscopy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Kunpeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Hongyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Xun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Lidong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Chenghua Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia
| | - Shengbai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Center of Electron Microscopy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Center of Electron Microscopy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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Madsen J, Liu P, Kling J, Wagner JB, Hansen TW, Winther O, Schiøtz J. A Deep Learning Approach to Identify Local Structures in Atomic-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Images. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201800037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Madsen
- Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Design; Department of Physics; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Pei Liu
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Jens Kling
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Jakob Birkedal Wagner
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Thomas Willum Hansen
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Ole Winther
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Jakob Schiøtz
- Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Design; Department of Physics; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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Jiang C, Chen L, Ji S, Liu J, Zhang Z, Jin P, Wang Y, Zhang Z. Atomic scale observation of a defect-mediated first-order phase transition in VO 2(A). NANOSCALE 2017; 9:9834-9840. [PMID: 28513694 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01513e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of first-order structural transformations has attracted extensive attention due to their significant scientific and industrial importance. However, it remains challenging to exactly determine the nucleation sites at the very beginning of the transformation. Here, we report the atomic scale real-time observation of a unique defect-mediated reversible phase transition between the low temperature phase (LTP) and the high temperature phase (HTP) of VO2(A). In situ Cs-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images clearly indicate that both phase transitions (from the HTP to the LTP and from the LTP to the HTP) start at the defect sites in parent phases. Intriguingly, the structure of the defects within the LTP is demonstrated to be the HTP of VO2 (A), and the defect in the HTP of VO2(A) is determined to be the LTP structure of VO2(A). These findings are expected to broaden our current understanding of the first-order phase transition and shed light on controlling materials' structure-property phase transition by "engineering" defects in applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jiang
- Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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11
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Dahal K, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Mishra IK, Ren Z. V–VO2core–shell structure for potential thermal switching. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05766k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in thermal conductivity is achieved by increasing electronic thermal conductivityviamodulation doping, resulting from solid–solid phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshab Dahal
- Department of Physics and TcSUH
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Physics and TcSUH
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Yumei Wang
- Department of Physics and TcSUH
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics
| | | | - Zhifeng Ren
- Department of Physics and TcSUH
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
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Liu M, Sternbach AJ, Basov DN. Nanoscale electrodynamics of strongly correlated quantum materials. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:014501. [PMID: 27811387 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/80/1/014501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electronic, magnetic, and structural phase inhomogeneities are ubiquitous in strongly correlated quantum materials. The characteristic length scales of the phase inhomogeneities can range from atomic to mesoscopic, depending on their microscopic origins as well as various sample dependent factors. Therefore, progress with the understanding of correlated phenomena critically depends on the experimental techniques suitable to provide appropriate spatial resolution. This requirement is difficult to meet for some of the most informative methods in condensed matter physics, including infrared and optical spectroscopy. Yet, recent developments in near-field optics and imaging enabled a detailed characterization of the electromagnetic response with a spatial resolution down to 10 nm. Thus it is now feasible to exploit at the nanoscale well-established capabilities of optical methods for characterization of electronic processes and lattice dynamics in diverse classes of correlated quantum systems. This review offers a concise description of the state-of-the-art near-field techniques applied to prototypical correlated quantum materials. We also discuss complementary microscopic and spectroscopic methods which reveal important mesoscopic dynamics of quantum materials at different energy scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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Wu BH, Xu XF, Wang CR. Active gratings tuned by thermoplasmonics-induced phase transition in vanadium dioxide thin films. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:5768-5771. [PMID: 27973497 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.005768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We propose and investigate an active grating of gold metallic structure on vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin film illuminated by an intense light. Nonuniform phase transition in VO2 film is expected due to the thermoplasmonics effect where the plasmonic-induced light absorption features an enhanced local heat generation at nanometer-scale. The spatial profiles of the electric field, the heat generation, and the temperature distribution, as well as the temperature-dependent dielectric parameters in VO2 film, are solved numerically in a self-consistent manner. Our results show that the evolution of the metallic and semiconducting phases of VO2 changes the effective dielectric environment of the grating and modifies its optical response in a controlled way. The interplay of the thermoplasmonics effect and the phase transition processes can thus provide another degree of freedom in designing optical modulators or switches which are remotely tunable via incident light.
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Xu T, Sun L. Dynamic In-Situ Experimentation on Nanomaterials at the Atomic Scale. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:3247-3262. [PMID: 25703228 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201403236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
With the development of in situ techniques inside transmission electron microscopes (TEMs), external fields and probes can be applied to the specimen. This development transforms the TEM specimen chamber into a nanolab, in which reactions, structures, and properties can be activated or altered at the nanoscale, and all processes can be simultaneously recorded in real time with atomic resolution. Consequently, the capabilities of TEM are extended beyond static structural characterization to the dynamic observation of the changes in specimen structures or properties in response to environmental stimuli. This extension introduces new possibilities for understanding the relationships between structures, unique properties, and functions of nanomaterials at the atomic scale. Based on the idea of setting up a nanolab inside a TEM, tactics for design of in situ experiments inside the machine, as well as corresponding examples in nanomaterial research, including in situ growth, nanofabrication with atomic precision, in situ property characterization, and nanodevice construction are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Litao Sun
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
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