1
|
Cifuente JO, Colleoni C, Kalscheuer R, Guerin ME. Architecture, Function, Regulation, and Evolution of α-Glucans Metabolic Enzymes in Prokaryotes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4863-4934. [PMID: 38606812 PMCID: PMC11046441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria have acquired sophisticated mechanisms for assembling and disassembling polysaccharides of different chemistry. α-d-Glucose homopolysaccharides, so-called α-glucans, are the most widespread polymers in nature being key components of microorganisms. Glycogen functions as an intracellular energy storage while some bacteria also produce extracellular assorted α-glucans. The classical bacterial glycogen metabolic pathway comprises the action of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and glycogen synthase, whereas extracellular α-glucans are mostly related to peripheral enzymes dependent on sucrose. An alternative pathway of glycogen biosynthesis, operating via a maltose 1-phosphate polymerizing enzyme, displays an essential wiring with the trehalose metabolism to interconvert disaccharides into polysaccharides. Furthermore, some bacteria show a connection of intracellular glycogen metabolism with the genesis of extracellular capsular α-glucans, revealing a relationship between the storage and structural function of these compounds. Altogether, the current picture shows that bacteria have evolved an intricate α-glucan metabolism that ultimately relies on the evolution of a specific enzymatic machinery. The structural landscape of these enzymes exposes a limited number of core catalytic folds handling many different chemical reactions. In this Review, we present a rationale to explain how the chemical diversity of α-glucans emerged from these systems, highlighting the underlying structural evolution of the enzymes driving α-glucan bacterial metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier O. Cifuente
- Instituto
Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of
the Basque Country, E-48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Christophe Colleoni
- University
of Lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF -Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale
et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rainer Kalscheuer
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcelo E. Guerin
- Structural
Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), Spanish
National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona Science Park, c/Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Tower R, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dirr L, Cleeves S, Ramón Roth I, Li L, Fiebig T, Ve T, Häussler S, Braun A, von Itzstein M, Führing JI. Tetramerization is essential for the enzymatic function of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factor UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. mBio 2024; 15:e0211423. [PMID: 38470050 PMCID: PMC11005391 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02114-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria such as the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which causes life-threatening infections especially in immunocompromised individuals and cystic fibrosis patients, pose an increasing threat to public health. In the search for new treatment options, P. aeruginosa uridine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase (PaUGP) has been proposed as a novel drug target because it is required for the biosynthesis of important virulence factors and linked to pathogenicity in animal models. Here, we show that UGP-deficient P. aeruginosa exhibits severely reduced virulence against human lung tissue and cells, emphasizing the enzyme's suitability as a drug target. To establish a basis for the development of selective PaUGP inhibitors, we solved the product-bound crystal structure of tetrameric PaUGP and conducted a comprehensive structure-function analysis, identifying key residues at two different molecular interfaces that are essential for tetramer integrity and catalytic activity and demonstrating that tetramerization is pivotal for PaUGP function. Importantly, we show that part of the PaUGP oligomerization interface is uniquely conserved across bacterial UGPs but does not exist in the human enzyme, therefore representing an allosteric site that may be targeted to selectively inhibit bacterial UGPs.IMPORTANCEInfections with the opportunistic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa are becoming increasingly difficult to treat due to multidrug resistance. Here, we show that the enzyme uridine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP) is involved in P. aeruginosa virulence toward human lung tissue and cells, making it a potential target for the development of new antibacterial drugs. Our exploration of P. aeruginosa (Pa)UGP structure-function relationships reveals that the activity of PaUGP depends on the formation of a tetrameric enzyme complex. We found that a molecular interface involved in tetramer formation is conserved in all bacterial UGPs but not in the human enzyme, and therefore hypothesize that it provides an ideal point of attack to selectively inhibit bacterial UGPs and exploit them as drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Dirr
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sven Cleeves
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Ramón Roth
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Linghui Li
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Timm Fiebig
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Ve
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susanne Häussler
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark von Itzstein
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jana I. Führing
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kundu S, Jaiswal M, Babu Mullapudi V, Guo J, Kamat M, Basso KB, Guo Z. Investigation of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-Plasma Membrane Interaction in Live Cells and the Influence of GPI Glycan Structure on the Interaction. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303047. [PMID: 37966101 PMCID: PMC10922586 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) need to interact with other components in the cell membrane to transduce transmembrane signals. A bifunctional GPI probe was employed for photoaffinity-based proximity labelling and identification of GPI-interacting proteins in the cell membrane. This probe contained the entire core structure of GPIs and was functionalized with photoreactive diazirine and clickable alkyne to facilitate its crosslinking with proteins and attachment of an affinity tag. It was disclosed that this probe was more selective than our previously reported probe containing only a part structure of the GPI core for cell membrane incorporation and an improved probe for studying GPI-cell membrane interaction. Eighty-eight unique membrane proteins, many of which are related to GPIs/GPI-anchored proteins, were identified utilizing this probe. The proteomics dataset is a valuable resource for further analyses and data mining to find new GPI-related proteins and signalling pathways. A comparison of these results with those of our previous probe provided direct evidence for the profound impact of GPI glycan structure on its interaction with the cell membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Mohit Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Jiatong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Manasi Kamat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kari B Basso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- UF Health Cancer Centre, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Han X, D'Angelo C, Otamendi A, Cifuente JO, de Astigarraga E, Ochoa-Lizarralde B, Grininger M, Routier FH, Guerin ME, Fuehring J, Etxebeste O, Connell SR. CryoEM analysis of the essential native UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase from Aspergillus nidulans reveals key conformations for activity regulation and function. mBio 2023; 14:e0041423. [PMID: 37409813 PMCID: PMC10470519 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00414-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis is one of the most serious clinical invasive fungal infections, resulting in a high case fatality rate among immunocompromised patients. The disease is caused by saprophytic molds in the genus Aspergillus, including Aspergillus fumigatus, the most significant pathogenic species. The fungal cell wall, an essential structure mainly composed of glucan, chitin, galactomannan, and galactosaminogalactan, represents an important target for the development of antifungal drugs. UDP (uridine diphosphate)-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP) is a central enzyme in the metabolism of carbohydrates that catalyzes the biosynthesis of UDP-glucose, a key precursor of fungal cell wall polysaccharides. Here, we demonstrate that the function of UGP is vital for Aspergillus nidulans (AnUGP). To understand the molecular basis of AnUGP function, we describe a cryoEM structure (global resolution of 3.5 Å for the locally refined subunit and 4 Å for the octameric complex) of a native AnUGP. The structure reveals an octameric architecture with each subunit comprising an N-terminal α-helical domain, a central catalytic glycosyltransferase A-like (GT-A-like) domain, and a C-terminal (CT) left-handed β-helix oligomerization domain. AnUGP displays unprecedented conformational variability between the CT oligomerization domain and the central GT-A-like catalytic domain. In combination with activity measurements and bioinformatics analysis, we unveil the molecular mechanism of substrate recognition and specificity for AnUGP. Altogether, our study not only contributes to understanding the molecular mechanism of catalysis/regulation of an important class of enzymes but also provides the genetic, biochemical, and structural groundwork for the future exploitation of UGP as a potential antifungal target. IMPORTANCE Fungi cause diverse diseases in humans, ranging from allergic syndromes to life-threatening invasive diseases, together affecting more than a billion people worldwide. Increasing drug resistance in Aspergillus species represents an emerging global health threat, making the design of antifungals with novel mechanisms of action a worldwide priority. The cryoEM structure of UDP (uridine diphosphate)-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP) from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans reveals an octameric architecture displaying unprecedented conformational variability between the C-terminal oligomerization domain and the central glycosyltransferase A-like catalytic domain in the individual protomers. While the active site and oligomerization interfaces are more highly conserved, these dynamic interfaces include motifs restricted to specific clades of filamentous fungi. Functional study of these motifs could lead to the definition of new targets for antifungals inhibiting UGP activity and, thus, the architecture of the cell wall of filamentous fungal pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Structural Biology of Cellular Machines Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Cecilia D'Angelo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ainara Otamendi
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Javier O. Cifuente
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Elisa de Astigarraga
- Structural Biology of Cellular Machines Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Borja Ochoa-Lizarralde
- Structural Biology of Cellular Machines Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Martin Grininger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Marcelo E. Guerin
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jana Fuehring
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Oier Etxebeste
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Sean R. Connell
- Structural Biology of Cellular Machines Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Decker D, Aubert J, Wilczynska M, Kleczkowski LA. Exploring Redox Modulation of Plant UDP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108914. [PMID: 37240260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucose (UDPG) pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) catalyzes a reversible reaction, producing UDPG, which serves as an essential precursor for hundreds of glycosyltransferases in all organisms. In this study, activities of purified UGPases from sugarcane and barley were found to be reversibly redox modulated in vitro through oxidation by hydrogen peroxide or oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and through reduction by dithiothreitol or glutathione. Generally, while oxidative treatment decreased UGPase activity, a subsequent reduction restored the activity. The oxidized enzyme had increased Km values with substrates, especially pyrophosphate. The increased Km values were also observed, regardless of redox status, for UGPase cysteine mutants (Cys102Ser and Cys99Ser for sugarcane and barley UGPases, respectively). However, activities and substrate affinities (Kms) of sugarcane Cys102Ser mutant, but not barley Cys99Ser, were still prone to redox modulation. The data suggest that plant UGPase is subject to redox control primarily via changes in the redox status of a single cysteine. Other cysteines may also, to some extent, contribute to UGPase redox status, as seen for sugarcane enzymes. The results are discussed with respect to earlier reported details of redox modulation of eukaryotic UGPases and regarding the structure/function properties of these proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Decker
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Juliette Aubert
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Leszek A Kleczkowski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Byrne CJ, Kelly AK, Keogh K, Kenny DA. Enhancing early life nutrition alters the hepatic transcriptome of Angus × Holstein-Friesian heifer calves. Animal 2022; 16:100577. [PMID: 35810502 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life nutrition has a major influence on subsequent lifetime performance in cattle. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of plane of nutrition from 3 to 21 weeks of age on the liver transcriptome. Holstein-Friesian × Angus heifer calves with a mean (±SD) age and BW of 19 (±5) days and 51.2 (±7.8) kg, respectively, were assigned to either a high-energy diet to support a mean average daily gain (ADG) of 1.2 kg/day (HI; n = 15) or a moderate diet (MOD; n = 15) to support a mean ADG of 0.5 kg/day. At 145 ± 3 days of age, all calves were euthanised, liver tissue samples collected and flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen. Following RNA sequence analysis, the total number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (at false discovery rate (FDR) > 0.05) was 537; 308 upregulated and 229 downregulated in HI compared to MOD. The number of DEGs mapped to IPA (at FDR > 0.05) was 460; 264 upregulated and 196 downregulated. There was greater expression of genes associated with cellular development and metabolism in heifers on the HI compared to the MOD diet. The genes (fold change) of the somatotrophic axis; IGF1 (3.7), IGFALS (2.6) and GHR (1.5) were upregulated in the HI compared to MOD diet. The cytokine receptor genes, IL17RB (1.7) and IL20RA (3.3), were upregulated in the HI heifers, which were detected in a network interacting with metabolically regulated genes. The potential enhanced cell-to-cell communication evident from DEGs would increase the calves' ability to combat health challenges. The findings of this study indicate that enhancing the early life plane of nutrition in heifer calves results in the upregulation of genes that are associated with increased metabolic activity and thus metabolic capacity. Moreover, the interaction between metabolic and immune communication genes indicates that enhanced nutrition has the potential to improve the immune response in the liver which will play a central role in ensuring optimal lifetime performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Byrne
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath C15 PW93, Ireland
| | - A K Kelly
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 F6X4, Ireland
| | - K Keogh
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath C15 PW93, Ireland
| | - D A Kenny
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath C15 PW93, Ireland; School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 F6X4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zimmer BM, Barycki JJ, Simpson MA. Mechanisms of coordinating hyaluronan and glycosaminoglycan production by nucleotide sugars. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C1201-C1213. [PMID: 35442826 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00130.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan is a versatile macromolecule capable of an exceptional range of functions from cushioning and hydration to dynamic signaling in development and disease. Because of its critical roles, hyaluronan production is regulated at multiple levels including epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-translational control of the three hyaluronan synthase (HAS) enzymes. Precursor availability can dictate the rate and amount of hyaluronan synthesized and shed by the cells producing it. However, the nucleotide-activated sugar substrates for hyaluronan synthesis by HAS also participate in exquisitely fine tuned cross talking pathways that intersect with central carbohydrate metabolism. Multiple UDP-sugars have alternative metabolic fates and exhibit coordinated and reciprocal allosteric control of enzymes within their biosynthetic pathways to preserve appropriate precursor ratios for accurate partitioning among downstream products, while also sensing and maintaining energy homeostasis. Since the dysregulation of nucleotide sugar and hyaluronan synthesis is associated with multiple pathologies, these pathways offer opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Recent structures of several key rate-limiting enzymes in the UDP-sugar synthesis pathways have offered new insights to the overall regulation of hyaluronan production by precursor fate decisions. The details of UDP-sugar control and the structural basis for underlying mechanisms are discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenna M Zimmer
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Joseph J Barycki
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Melanie A Simpson
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lai WC, Hsu HC, Cheng CW, Wang SH, Li WC, Hsieh PS, Tseng TL, Lin TH, Shieh JC. Filament Negative Regulator CDC4 Suppresses Glycogen Phosphorylase Encoded GPH1 that Impacts the Cell Wall-Associated Features in Candida albicans. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030233. [PMID: 35330235 PMCID: PMC8949380 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified Candida albicans GPH1 (orf19.7021) whose protein product was associated with C. albicans Cdc4. The GPH1 gene is a putative glycogen phosphorylase because its Saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog participates in glycogen catabolism, which involves the synthesis of β-glucan of the fungal cell wall. We made a strain whose CaCDC4 expression is repressed, and GPH1 is constitutively expressed. We established a GPH1 null mutant strain and used it to conduct the in vitro virulence assays that detect cell wall function. The in vitro virulence assay is centered on biofilm formation in which analytic procedures are implemented to evaluate cell surface hydrophobicity; competence, either in stress resistance, germ tube formation, or fibronection association; and the XTT-based adhesion and biofilm formation. We showed that the constitutively expressed GPH1 partially suppresses filamentation when the CaCDC4 expression is repressed. The C. albicans Gph1 protein is reduced in the presence of CaCdc4 in comparison with the absence of CaCdc4. Compared with the wild-type strain, the gph1Δ/gph1Δ mutant displayed a reduction in the capability to form germ tubes and the cell surface hydrophobicity but an increase in binding with fibronectin. Compared with the wild-type strain, the gph1Δ/gph1Δ mutant showed a rise in adhesion, the initial stage of biofilm formation, but displayed a similar capacity to form a mature biofilm. There was no major impact on the gph1Δ/gph1Δ mutant regarding the conditions of cell wall damaging and TOR pathway-associated nutrient depletion. We conclude that GPH1, adversely regulated by the filament suppressor CDC4, contributes to cell wall function in C. albicans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chung Lai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (H.-C.H.); (W.C.L.); (P.-S.H.); (T.-L.T.); (T.-H.L.)
| | - Hsiao-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (H.-C.H.); (W.C.L.); (P.-S.H.); (T.-L.T.); (T.-H.L.)
| | - Chun-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Shao-Hung Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan;
| | - Wan Chen Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (H.-C.H.); (W.C.L.); (P.-S.H.); (T.-L.T.); (T.-H.L.)
| | - Po-Szu Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (H.-C.H.); (W.C.L.); (P.-S.H.); (T.-L.T.); (T.-H.L.)
| | - Tzu-Ling Tseng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (H.-C.H.); (W.C.L.); (P.-S.H.); (T.-L.T.); (T.-H.L.)
| | - Ting-Hui Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (H.-C.H.); (W.C.L.); (P.-S.H.); (T.-L.T.); (T.-H.L.)
| | - Jia-Ching Shieh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (H.-C.H.); (W.C.L.); (P.-S.H.); (T.-L.T.); (T.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
- Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-424-730-022 (ext. 11806); Fax: +886-424-757-412
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mao W, Lazar N, van Tilbeurgh H, Loiseau PM, Pomel S. Minor Impact of A258D Mutation on Biochemical and Enzymatic Properties of Leishmania infantum GDP-Mannose Pyrophosphorylase. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020231. [PMID: 35208687 PMCID: PMC8877407 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Leishmaniasis, a vector-borne disease caused by the protozoan parasite from the genus Leishmania, is endemic to tropical and subtropical areas. Few treatments are available against leishmaniasis, with all presenting issues of toxicity, resistance, and/or cost. In this context, the development of new antileishmanial drugs is urgently needed. GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GDP-MP), an enzyme involved in the mannosylation pathway, has been described to constitute an attractive therapeutic target for the development of specific antileishmanial agents. Methods: In this work, we produced, purified, and analyzed the enzymatic properties of the recombinant L. infantum GDP-MP (LiGDP-MP), a single leishmanial GDP-MP that presents mutation of an aspartate instead of an alanine at position 258, which is also the single residue difference with the homolog in L. donovani: LdGDP-MP. Results: The purified LiGDP-MP displayed high substrate and cofactor specificities, a sequential random mechanism of reaction, and the following kinetic constants: Vm at 0.6 µM·min−1, Km from 15–18 µM, kcat from 12.5–13 min−1, and kcat/Km at around 0.8 min−1µM−1. Conclusions: These results show that LiGDP-MP has similar biochemical and enzymatic properties to LdGDP-MP. Further studies are needed to determine the advantage for L. infantum of the A258D residue change in GDP-MP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mao
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (W.M.); (P.M.L.)
| | - Noureddine Lazar
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (N.L.); (H.v.T.)
| | - Herman van Tilbeurgh
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (N.L.); (H.v.T.)
| | - Philippe M. Loiseau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (W.M.); (P.M.L.)
| | - Sébastien Pomel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (W.M.); (P.M.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim S, Wolfe A, Kim SE. Targeting cancer's sweet spot: UGP2 as a therapeutic vulnerability. Mol Cell Oncol 2021; 8:1990676. [PMID: 35419477 PMCID: PMC8997258 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2021.1990676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms governing metabolic reprogramming that underlie potential vulnerabilities in cancer cells is key to developing novel therapeutic strategies. The catalytic enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 (UGP2) drives the production of UDP-glucose. Our recent work demonstrated the crucial role of UGP2 in cancer growth and its regulation of cellular metabolic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunghoon Kim
- Department of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew Wolfe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2, a regulator of glycogen synthesis and glycosylation, is critical for pancreatic cancer growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2103592118. [PMID: 34330832 PMCID: PMC8346792 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103592118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 (UGP2), the enzyme that synthesizes uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose, rests at the convergence of multiple metabolic pathways, however, the role of UGP2 in tumor maintenance and cancer metabolism remains unclear. Here, we identify an important role for UGP2 in the maintenance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) growth in both in vitro and in vivo tumor models. We found that transcription of UGP2 is directly regulated by the Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP)-TEA domain transcription factor (TEAD) complex, identifying UGP2 as a bona fide YAP target gene. Loss of UGP2 leads to decreased intracellular glycogen levels and defects in N-glycosylation targets that are important for the survival of PDACs, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). These critical roles of UGP2 in cancer maintenance, metabolism, and protein glycosylation may offer insights into therapeutic options for otherwise intractable PDACs.
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu S, Zhong H, Wang Q, Liu C, Li T, Peng Z, Li Y, Zhang H, Liao J, Huang Y, Wang Z. Global Analysis of UDP Glucose Pyrophosphorylase (UDPGP) Gene Family in Plants: Conserved Evolution Involved in Cell Death. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:681719. [PMID: 34177996 PMCID: PMC8222925 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.681719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase (UDPGP) family genes have been reported to play essential roles in cell death or individual survival. However, a systematic analysis on UDPGP gene family has not been performed yet. In this study, a total of 454 UDPGP proteins from 76 different species were analyzed. The analyses of the phylogenetic tree and orthogroups divided UDPGPs into three clades, including UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase (UAP), UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP, containing UGP-A and UGP-B), and UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USP). The evolutionary history of the UDPGPs indicated that the members of UAP, USP, and UGP-B were relatively conserved while varied in UGP-A. Homologous sequences of UGP-B and USP were found only in plants. The expression profile of UDPGP genes in Oryza sativa was mainly motivated under jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), cadmium, and cold treatments, indicating that UDPGPs may play an important role in plant development and environment endurance. The key amino acids regulating the activity of UDPGPs were analyzed, and almost all of them were located in the NB-loop, SB-loop, or conserved motifs. Analysis of the natural variants of UDPGPs in rice revealed that only a few missense mutants existed in coding sequences (CDSs), and most of the resulting variations were located in the non-motif sites, indicating the conserved structure and function of UDPGPs in the evolution. Furthermore, alternative splicing may play a key role in regulating the activity of UDPGPs. The spatial structure prediction, enzymatic analysis, and transgenic verification of UAP isoforms illustrated that the loss of N- and C-terminal sequences did not affect the overall 3D structures, but the N- and C-terminal sequences are important for UAP genes to maintain their enzymatic activity. These results revealed a conserved UDPGP gene family and provided valuable information for further deep functional investigation of the UDPGP gene family in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Hua Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Caixiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Li
- Youth League Committee, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhaohua Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Yangsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianglin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingjin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhaohai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The Trypanosome UDP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase Is Imported by Piggybacking into Glycosomes, Where Unconventional Sugar Nucleotide Synthesis Takes Place. mBio 2021; 12:e0037521. [PMID: 34044588 PMCID: PMC8262884 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00375-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosomes are peroxisome-related organelles of trypanosomatid parasites containing metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and biosynthesis of sugar nucleotides, usually present in the cytosol of other eukaryotes. UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP), the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the sugar nucleotide UDP-glucose, is localized in the cytosol and glycosomes of the bloodstream and procyclic trypanosomes, despite the absence of any known peroxisome-targeting signal (PTS1 and PTS2). The questions that we address here are (i) is the unusual glycosomal biosynthetic pathway of sugar nucleotides functional and (ii) how is the PTS-free UGP imported into glycosomes? We showed that UGP is imported into glycosomes by piggybacking on the glycosomal PTS1-containing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and identified the domains involved in the UGP/PEPCK interaction. Proximity ligation assays revealed that this interaction occurs in 3 to 10% of glycosomes, suggesting that these correspond to organelles competent for protein import. We also showed that UGP is essential for the growth of trypanosomes and that both the glycosomal and cytosolic metabolic pathways involving UGP are functional, since the lethality of the knockdown UGP mutant cell line (RNAiUGP, where RNAi indicates RNA interference) was rescued by expressing a recoded UGP (rUGP) in the organelle (RNAiUGP/EXPrUGP-GPDH, where GPDH is glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase). Our conclusion was supported by targeted metabolomic analyses (ion chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry [IC-HRMS]) showing that UDP-glucose is no longer detectable in the RNAiUGP mutant, while it is still produced in cells expressing UGP exclusively in the cytosol (PEPCK null mutant) or glycosomes (RNAiUGP/EXPrUGP-GPDH). Trypanosomatids are the only known organisms to have selected functional peroxisomal (glycosomal) sugar nucleotide biosynthetic pathways in addition to the canonical cytosolic ones.
Collapse
|
14
|
Rivera AD, Chacon-De-La-Rocha I, Pieropan F, Papanikolau M, Azim K, Butt AM. Keeping the ageing brain wired: a role for purine signalling in regulating cellular metabolism in oligodendrocyte progenitors. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:775-783. [PMID: 33712969 PMCID: PMC8076121 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02544-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
White matter (WM) is a highly prominent feature in the human cerebrum and is comprised of bundles of myelinated axons that form the connectome of the brain. Myelin is formed by oligodendrocytes and is essential for rapid neuronal electrical communication that underlies the massive computing power of the human brain. Oligodendrocytes are generated throughout life by oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which are identified by expression of the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan NG2 (Cspg4), and are often termed NG2-glia. Adult NG2+ OPCs are slowly proliferating cells that have the stem cell-like property of self-renewal and differentiation into a pool of 'late OPCs' or 'differentiation committed' OPCs(COPs) identified by specific expression of the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR17, which are capable of differentiation into myelinating oligodendrocytes. In the adult brain, these reservoirs of OPCs and COPs ensure rapid myelination of new neuronal connections formed in response to neuronal signalling, which underpins learning and cognitive function. However, there is an age-related decline in myelination that is associated with a loss of neuronal function and cognitive decline. The underlying causes of myelin loss in ageing are manifold, but a key factor is the decay in OPC 'stemness' and a decline in their replenishment of COPs, which results in the ultimate failure of myelin regeneration. These changes in ageing OPCs are underpinned by dysregulation of neuronal signalling and OPC metabolic function. Here, we highlight the role of purine signalling in regulating OPC self-renewal and the potential importance of GPR17 and the P2X7 receptor subtype in age-related changes in OPC metabolism. Moreover, age is the main factor in the failure of myelination in chronic multiple sclerosis and myelin loss in Alzheimer's disease, hence understanding the importance of purine signalling in OPC regeneration and myelination is critical for developing new strategies for promoting repair in age-dependent neuropathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D Rivera
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Pieropan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Maria Papanikolau
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Kasum Azim
- Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arthur M Butt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mikkola S. Nucleotide Sugars in Chemistry and Biology. Molecules 2020; 25:E5755. [PMID: 33291296 PMCID: PMC7729866 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide sugars have essential roles in every living creature. They are the building blocks of the biosynthesis of carbohydrates and their conjugates. They are involved in processes that are targets for drug development, and their analogs are potential inhibitors of these processes. Drug development requires efficient methods for the synthesis of oligosaccharides and nucleotide sugar building blocks as well as of modified structures as potential inhibitors. It requires also understanding the details of biological and chemical processes as well as the reactivity and reactions under different conditions. This article addresses all these issues by giving a broad overview on nucleotide sugars in biological and chemical reactions. As the background for the topic, glycosylation reactions in mammalian and bacterial cells are briefly discussed. In the following sections, structures and biosynthetic routes for nucleotide sugars, as well as the mechanisms of action of nucleotide sugar-utilizing enzymes, are discussed. Chemical topics include the reactivity and chemical synthesis methods. Finally, the enzymatic in vitro synthesis of nucleotide sugars and the utilization of enzyme cascades in the synthesis of nucleotide sugars and oligosaccharides are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satu Mikkola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Deng S, Yao C, Zhang X, Jia Z, Shan C, Luo X, Lin L. Involvement of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase from Verticillium dahliae in cell morphogenesis, stress responses, and host infection. Fungal Biol 2020; 124:648-660. [PMID: 32540188 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP, EC 2.7.7.9) is an essential enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other fungi, the UGP gene is indispensable for normal cell development, polysaccharide synthesis, and stress response. However, the function of the UGP homolog in plant pathogenic fungi has been rarely explored during pathogenesis. In this study, we characterize a UGP homolog named VdUGP from Verticillium dahliae, a soil-borne fungus that causes plant vascular wilt. In comparison with wild-type strain V07DF2 and complementation strains, the VdUGP knocked down mutant 24C9 exhibited sensitivity to sodium dodecyl sulfate (perturbing membrane integrity) and high sodium chloride concentration (high osmotic pressure stress). More than 25 % of the conidia of the mutant developed into short and swollen hypha and formed hyperbranching and compact colonies. The mutant exhibited decreased virulence on cotton and tobacco seedlings. Further investigation determined that the germination of the mutant spores was significantly delayed compared with the wild-type strain on the host roots. RNA-seq analysis revealed that a considerable number of genes encoding secreted proteins and carbohydrate-active enzymes were significantly downregulated in the mutant at an early stage of infection compared with those of the wild-type strain. RNA-seq data indicated that mutation affected many Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways both in the pathogen and in the inoculated plants at the infection stage. These alterations of the mutant in cultural phenotypes, virulence, and gene expression profiles clearly indicated that VdUGP played important roles in fungal cell morphogenesis, stress responses, and host infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Deng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling street NO.50, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Chuanfei Yao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling street NO.50, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling street NO.50, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Zhaozhao Jia
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling street NO.50, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Chenyang Shan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling street NO.50, Nanjing, 210014, China; Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Luo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling street NO.50, Nanjing, 210014, China; Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Ling Lin
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling street NO.50, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Durrant C, Fuehring JI, Willemetz A, Chrétien D, Sala G, Ghidoni R, Katz A, Rötig A, Thelestam M, Ermonval M, Moore SEH. Defects in Galactose Metabolism and Glycoconjugate Biosynthesis in a UDP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase-Deficient Cell Line Are Reversed by Adding Galactose to the Growth Medium. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062028. [PMID: 32188137 PMCID: PMC7139386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) is synthesized by UGP2-encoded UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (UGP) and is required for glycoconjugate biosynthesis and galactose metabolism because it is a uridyl donor for galactose-1-P (Gal1P) uridyltransferase. Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts harboring a hypomrphic UGP(G116D) variant display reduced UDP-Glc levels and cannot grow if galactose is the sole carbon source. Here, these cells were cultivated with glucose in either the absence or presence of galactose in order to investigate glycoconjugate biosynthesis and galactose metabolism. The UGP-deficient cells display < 5% control levels of UDP-Glc/UDP-Gal and > 100-fold reduction of [6-3H]galactose incorporation into UDP-[6-3H]galactose, as well as multiple deficits in glycoconjugate biosynthesis. Cultivation of these cells in the presence of galactose leads to partial restoration of UDP-Glc levels, galactose metabolism and glycoconjugate biosynthesis. The Vmax for recombinant human UGP(G116D) with Glc1P is 2000-fold less than that of the wild-type protein, and UGP(G116D) displayed a mildly elevated Km for Glc1P, but no activity of the mutant enzyme towards Gal1P was detectable. To conclude, although the mechanism behind UDP-Glc/Gal production in the UGP-deficient cells remains to be determined, the capacity of this cell line to change its glycosylation status as a function of extracellular galactose makes it a useful, reversible model with which to study different aspects of galactose metabolism and glycoconjugate biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Durrant
- INSERM U1149, Université de Paris, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, France; (C.D.); (A.W.)
| | - Jana I. Fuehring
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Alexandra Willemetz
- INSERM U1149, Université de Paris, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, France; (C.D.); (A.W.)
| | - Dominique Chrétien
- UMR1163, Université Paris Decartes, Sorbonnes Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015 Paris, France; (D.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Giusy Sala
- “Aldo Ravelli” Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy; (G.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Riccardo Ghidoni
- “Aldo Ravelli” Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy; (G.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Abram Katz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Agnès Rötig
- UMR1163, Université Paris Decartes, Sorbonnes Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015 Paris, France; (D.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Monica Thelestam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Myriam Ermonval
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Stuart E. H. Moore
- INSERM U1149, Université de Paris, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, France; (C.D.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Perenthaler E, Nikoncuk A, Yousefi S, Berdowski WM, Alsagob M, Capo I, van der Linde HC, van den Berg P, Jacobs EH, Putar D, Ghazvini M, Aronica E, van IJcken WFJ, de Valk WG, Medici-van den Herik E, van Slegtenhorst M, Brick L, Kozenko M, Kohler JN, Bernstein JA, Monaghan KG, Begtrup A, Torene R, Al Futaisi A, Al Murshedi F, Mani R, Al Azri F, Kamsteeg EJ, Mojarrad M, Eslahi A, Khazaei Z, Darmiyan FM, Doosti M, Karimiani EG, Vandrovcova J, Zafar F, Rana N, Kandaswamy KK, Hertecant J, Bauer P, AlMuhaizea MA, Salih MA, Aldosary M, Almass R, Al-Quait L, Qubbaj W, Coskun S, Alahmadi KO, Hamad MHA, Alwadaee S, Awartani K, Dababo AM, Almohanna F, Colak D, Dehghani M, Mehrjardi MYV, Gunel M, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Passi GR, Cheema HA, Efthymiou S, Houlden H, Bertoli-Avella AM, Brooks AS, Retterer K, Maroofian R, Kaya N, van Ham TJ, Barakat TS. Loss of UGP2 in brain leads to a severe epileptic encephalopathy, emphasizing that bi-allelic isoform-specific start-loss mutations of essential genes can cause genetic diseases. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 139:415-442. [PMID: 31820119 PMCID: PMC7035241 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a group of devastating genetic disorders, resulting in early-onset, therapy-resistant seizures and developmental delay. Here we report on 22 individuals from 15 families presenting with a severe form of intractable epilepsy, severe developmental delay, progressive microcephaly, visual disturbance and similar minor dysmorphisms. Whole exome sequencing identified a recurrent, homozygous variant (chr2:64083454A > G) in the essential UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP2) gene in all probands. This rare variant results in a tolerable Met12Val missense change of the longer UGP2 protein isoform but causes a disruption of the start codon of the shorter isoform, which is predominant in brain. We show that the absence of the shorter isoform leads to a reduction of functional UGP2 enzyme in neural stem cells, leading to altered glycogen metabolism, upregulated unfolded protein response and premature neuronal differentiation, as modeled during pluripotent stem cell differentiation in vitro. In contrast, the complete lack of all UGP2 isoforms leads to differentiation defects in multiple lineages in human cells. Reduced expression of Ugp2a/Ugp2b in vivo in zebrafish mimics visual disturbance and mutant animals show a behavioral phenotype. Our study identifies a recurrent start codon mutation in UGP2 as a cause of a novel autosomal recessive DEE syndrome. Importantly, it also shows that isoform-specific start-loss mutations causing expression loss of a tissue-relevant isoform of an essential protein can cause a genetic disease, even when an organism-wide protein absence is incompatible with life. We provide additional examples where a similar disease mechanism applies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Perenthaler
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Nikoncuk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Soheil Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Woutje M Berdowski
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maysoon Alsagob
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ivan Capo
- Department for Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Herma C van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul van den Berg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin H Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Darija Putar
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mehrnaz Ghazvini
- iPS Cell Core Facility, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F J van IJcken
- Center for Biomics, Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Walter G de Valk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marjon van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lauren Brick
- Division of Genetics, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4J9, Canada
| | - Mariya Kozenko
- Division of Genetics, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4J9, Canada
| | - Jennefer N Kohler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amna Al Futaisi
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Fathiya Al Murshedi
- Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Renjith Mani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Faisal Al Azri
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Erik-Jan Kamsteeg
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Genetic Center of Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atieh Eslahi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Doosti
- Department Medical Genetics, Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
- Innovative Medical Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jana Vandrovcova
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Faisal Zafar
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Nuzhat Rana
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | | | - Jozef Hertecant
- Department of Pediatrics, Tawam Hospital, and College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | | | - Mohammed A AlMuhaizea
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa A Salih
- Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazhor Aldosary
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Almass
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Al-Quait
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Qubbaj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Serdar Coskun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled O Alahmadi
- Radiology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muddathir H A Hamad
- Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Alwadaee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Awartani
- Obstetrics/Gynecology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas M Dababo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Futwan Almohanna
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dilek Colak
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammadreza Dehghani
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Murat Gunel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Program On Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A Gulhan Ercan-Sencicek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Program On Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, NY, USA
| | - Gouri Rao Passi
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology Clinic, Choithram Hospital and Research Centre, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Huma Arshad Cheema
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Department, Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Alice S Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Namik Kaya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tahsin Stefan Barakat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Discovery of Novel Inhibitors Targeting Multi-UDP-hexose Pyrophosphorylases as Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030645. [PMID: 32028604 PMCID: PMC7038226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To minimize treatment toxicities, recent anti-cancer research efforts have switched from broad-based chemotherapy to targeted therapy, and emerging data show that altered cellular metabolism in cancerous cells can be exploited as new venues for targeted intervention. In this study, we focused on, among the altered metabolic processes in cancerous cells, altered glycosylation due to its documented roles in cancer tumorigenesis, metastasis and drug resistance. We hypothesize that the enzymes required for the biosynthesis of UDP-hexoses, glycosyl donors for glycan synthesis, could serve as therapeutic targets for cancers. Through structure-based virtual screening and kinetic assay, we identified a drug-like chemical fragment, GAL-012, that inhibit a small family of UDP-hexose pyrophosphorylases-galactose pyro-phosphorylase (GALT), UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP2) and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase (AGX1/UAP1) with an IC50 of 30 µM. The computational docking studies supported the interaction of GAL-012 to the binding sites of GALT at Trp190 and Ser192, UGP2 at Gly116 and Lys127, and AGX1/UAP1 at Asn327 and Lys407, respectively. One of GAL-012 derivatives GAL-012-2 also demonstrated the inhibitory activity against GALT and UGP2. Moreover, we showed that GAL-012 suppressed the growth of PC3 cells in a dose-dependent manner with an EC50 of 75 µM with no effects on normal skin fibroblasts at 200 µM. Western blot analysis revealed reduced expression of pAKT (Ser473), pAKT (Thr308) by 77% and 72%, respectively in the treated cells. siRNA experiments against the respective genes encoding the pyrophosphorylases were also performed and the results further validated the proposed roles in cancer growth inhibition. Finally, synergistic relationships between GAL-012 and tunicamycin, as well as bortezomib (BTZ) in killing cultured cancer cells were observed, respectively. With its unique scaffold and relatively small size, GAL-012 serves as a promising early chemotype for optimization to become a safe, effective, multi-target anti-cancer drug candidate which could be used alone or in combination with known therapeutics.
Collapse
|
20
|
Kumpf A, Partzsch A, Pollender A, Bento I, Tischler D. Two Homologous Enzymes of the GalU Family in Rhodococcus opacus 1CP- RoGalU1 and RoGalU2. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225809. [PMID: 31752319 PMCID: PMC6888414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Uridine-5’-diphosphate (UDP)-glucose is reported as one of the most versatile building blocks within the metabolism of pro- and eukaryotes. The activated sugar moiety is formed by the enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (GalU). Two homologous enzymes (designated as RoGalU1 and RoGalU2) are encoded by most Rhodococcus strains, known for their capability to degrade numerous compounds, but also to synthesize natural products such as trehalose comprising biosurfactants. To evaluate their functionality respective genes of a trehalose biosurfactant producing model organism—Rhodococcus opacus 1CP—were cloned and expressed, proteins produced (yield up to 47 mg per L broth) and initially biochemically characterized. In the case of RoGalU2, the Vmax was determined to be 177 U mg−1 (uridine-5’-triphosphate (UTP)) and Km to be 0.51 mM (UTP), respectively. Like other GalUs this enzyme seems to be rather specific for the substrates UTP and glucose 1-phosphate, as it accepts only dTTP and galactose 1-phoshate in addition, but both with solely 2% residual activity. In comparison to other bacterial GalU enzymes the RoGalU2 was found to be somewhat higher in activity (factor 1.8) even at elevated temperatures. However, RoGalU1 was not obtained in an active form thus it remains enigmatic if this enzyme participates in metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antje Kumpf
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (A.P.); (A.P.)
- EMBL Hamburg, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany;
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (D.T.); Tel.: +49-234-32-22082 (A.K.); +49-234-32-22656 (D.T.)
| | - Anett Partzsch
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - André Pollender
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Isabel Bento
- EMBL Hamburg, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Dirk Tischler
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (D.T.); Tel.: +49-234-32-22082 (A.K.); +49-234-32-22656 (D.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gibbs ME, Lountos GT, Gumpena R, Waugh DS. Crystal structure of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase from Yersinia pestis, a potential therapeutic target against plague. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2019; 75:608-615. [PMID: 31475928 PMCID: PMC6718147 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x19011154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of bubonic plague, is one of the most lethal pathogens in recorded human history. Today, the concern is the possible misuse of Y. pestis as an agent in bioweapons and bioterrorism. Current therapies for the treatment of plague include the use of a small number of antibiotics, but clinical cases of antibiotic resistance have been reported in some areas of the world. Therefore, the discovery of new drugs is required to combat potential Y. pestis infection. Here, the crystal structure of the Y. pestis UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP), a metabolic enzyme implicated in the survival of Y. pestis in mouse macrophages, is described at 2.17 Å resolution. The structure provides a foundation that may enable the rational design of inhibitors and open new avenues for the development of antiplague therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E. Gibbs
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - George T. Lountos
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Rajesh Gumpena
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - David S. Waugh
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pomel S, Mao W, Ha-Duong T, Cavé C, Loiseau PM. GDP-Mannose Pyrophosphorylase: A Biologically Validated Target for Drug Development Against Leishmaniasis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:186. [PMID: 31214516 PMCID: PMC6554559 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases that threaten about 350 million people in 98 countries around the world. In order to find new antileishmanial drugs, an original approach consists in reducing the pathogenic effect of the parasite by impairing the glycoconjugate biosynthesis, necessary for parasite recognition and internalization by the macrophage. Some proteins appear to be critical in this way, and one of them, the GDP-Mannose Pyrophosphorylase (GDP-MP), is an attractive target for the design of specific inhibitors as it is essential for Leishmania survival and it presents significant differences with the host counterpart. Two GDP-MP inhibitors, compounds A and B, have been identified in two distinct studies by high throughput screening and by a rational approach based on molecular modeling, respectively. Compound B was found to be the most promising as it exhibited specific competitive inhibition of leishmanial GDP-MP and antileishmanial activities at the micromolar range with interesting selectivity indexes, as opposed to compound A. Therefore, compound B can be used as a pharmacological tool for the development of new specific antileishmanial drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Pomel
- UMR 8076 CNRS BioCIS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Wei Mao
- UMR 8076 CNRS BioCIS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Tâp Ha-Duong
- UMR 8076 CNRS BioCIS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Christian Cavé
- UMR 8076 CNRS BioCIS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Philippe M Loiseau
- UMR 8076 CNRS BioCIS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hu H, Bezabih G, Feng M, Wei Q, Zhang X, Wu F, Meng L, Fang Y, Han B, Ma C, Li J. In-depth Proteome of the Hypopharyngeal Glands of Honeybee Workers Reveals Highly Activated Protein and Energy Metabolism in Priming the Secretion of Royal Jelly. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:606-621. [PMID: 30617159 PMCID: PMC6442370 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.001257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) is a secretion of the hypopharyngeal glands (HGs) of honeybee workers. High royal jelly producing bees (RJBs), a stock of honeybees selected from Italian bees (ITBs), have developed a stronger ability to produce RJ than ITBs. However, the mechanism underpinning the high RJ-producing performance in RJBs is still poorly understood. We have comprehensively characterized and compared the proteome across the life span of worker bees between the ITBs and RJBs. Our data uncover distinct molecular landscapes that regulate the gland ontogeny and activity corresponding with age-specific tasks. Nurse bees (NBs) have a well-developed acini morphology and cytoskeleton of secretory cells in HGs to prime the gland activities of RJ secretion. In RJB NBs, pathways involved in protein synthesis and energy metabolism are functionally induced to cement the enhanced RJ secretion compared with ITBs. In behavior-manipulated RJB NBs, the strongly expressed proteins implicated in protein synthesis and energy metabolism further demonstrate their critical roles in the regulation of RJ secretion. Our findings provide a novel understanding of the mechanism consolidating the high RJ-output in RJBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Hu
- From the ‡ Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Beigou Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Gebreamlak Bezabih
- From the ‡ Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Beigou Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Mao Feng
- From the ‡ Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Beigou Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Qiaohong Wei
- From the ‡ Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Beigou Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- From the ‡ Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Beigou Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Fan Wu
- From the ‡ Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Beigou Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Lifeng Meng
- From the ‡ Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Beigou Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yu Fang
- From the ‡ Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Beigou Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Bin Han
- From the ‡ Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Beigou Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Chuan Ma
- From the ‡ Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Beigou Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jianke Li
- From the ‡ Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Beigou Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Identification of Leishmania major UDP-Sugar Pyrophosphorylase Inhibitors Using Biosensor-Based Small Molecule Fragment Library Screening. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050996. [PMID: 30871023 PMCID: PMC6429087 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that is caused by different species of the protozoan parasite Leishmania, and it currently affects 12 million people worldwide. The antileishmanial therapeutic arsenal remains very limited in number and efficacy, and there is no vaccine for this parasitic disease. One pathway that has been genetically validated as an antileishmanial drug target is the biosynthesis of uridine diphosphate-glucose (UDP-Glc), and its direct derivative UDP-galactose (UDP-Gal). De novo biosynthesis of these two nucleotide sugars is controlled by the specific UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP). Leishmania parasites additionally express a UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USP) responsible for monosaccharides salvage that is able to generate both UDP-Gal and UDP-Glc. The inactivation of the two parasite pyrophosphorylases UGP and USP, results in parasite death. The present study reports on the identification of structurally diverse scaffolds for the development of USP inhibitors by fragment library screening. Based on this screening, we selected a small set of commercially available compounds, and identified molecules that inhibit both Leishmania major USP and UGP, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration in the 100 µM range. The inhibitors were predicted to bind at allosteric regulation sites, which were validated by mutagenesis studies. This study sets the stage for the development of potent USP inhibitors.
Collapse
|
25
|
Decker D, Kleczkowski LA. UDP-Sugar Producing Pyrophosphorylases: Distinct and Essential Enzymes With Overlapping Substrate Specificities, Providing de novo Precursors for Glycosylation Reactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1822. [PMID: 30662444 PMCID: PMC6329318 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide sugars are the key precursors for all glycosylation reactions and are required both for oligo- and polysaccharides synthesis and protein and lipid glycosylation. Among all nucleotide sugars, UDP-sugars are the most important precursors for biomass production in nature (e.g., synthesis of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectins for cell wall production). Several recent studies have already suggested a potential role for UDP-Glc in plant growth and development, and UDP-Glc has also been suggested as a signaling molecule, in addition to its precursor function. In this review, we will cover primary mechanisms of formation of UDP-sugars, by focusing on UDP-sugar metabolizing pyrophosphorylases. The pyrophosphorylases can be divided into three families: UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (UGPase), UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase), and UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase (UAGPase), which can be distinguished both by their amino acid sequences and by differences in substrate specificity. Substrate specificities of these enzymes are discussed, along with structure-function relationships, based on their crystal structures and homology modeling. Earlier studies with transgenic plants have revealed that each of the pyrophosphorylases is essential for plant survival, and their loss or a decrease in activity results in reproductive impairment. This constitutes a problem when studying exact in vivo roles of the enzymes using classical reverse genetics approaches. Thus, strategies involving the use of specific inhibitors (reverse chemical genetics) are also discussed. Further characterization of the properties/roles of pyrophosphorylases should address fundamental questions dealing with mechanisms and control of carbohydrate synthesis and may allow to identify targets for manipulation of biomass production in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leszek A. Kleczkowski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cotrim CA, Soares JSM, Kobe B, Menossi M. Crystal structure and insights into the oligomeric state of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase from sugarcane. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193667. [PMID: 29494650 PMCID: PMC5832301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) is found in all organisms and catalyses the formation of UDP-glucose. In sugarcane, UDP-glucose is a branch-point in the carbon channelling into other carbohydrates, such as sucrose and cellulose, which are the major factors for sugarcane productivity. In most plants, UGPase has been described to be enzymatically active in the monomeric form, while in human and yeast, homo-octamers represent the active form of the protein. Here, we present the crystal structure of UGPase from sugarcane (ScUGPase-1) at resolution of 2.0 Å. The crystals of ScUGPase-1 reveal the presence of two molecules in the asymmetric unit and the multi-angle light scattering analysis shows that ScUGPase-1 forms a mixture of species ranging from monomers to larger oligomers in solution, suggesting similarities with the orthologs from yeast and human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila A. Cotrim
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Australia Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail: (MM); (CAC)
| | - Jose Sergio M. Soares
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Australia Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marcelo Menossi
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (MM); (CAC)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cramer JT, Führing JI, Baruch P, Brütting C, Knölker HJ, Gerardy-Schahn R, Fedorov R. Decoding Allosteric Networks in Biocatalysts: Rational Approach to Therapies and Biotechnologies. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes T. Cramer
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry/Research Division for Structural Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jana I. Führing
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Petra Baruch
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry/Research Division for Structural Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Brütting
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Knölker
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rita Gerardy-Schahn
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Roman Fedorov
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry/Research Division for Structural Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
McDyre BC, AbdulHameed MDM, Permenter MG, Dennis WE, Baer CE, Koontz JM, Boyle MH, Wallqvist A, Lewis JA, Ippolito DL. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis after Oral Hepatotoxicant Administration in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2018; 46:202-223. [PMID: 29378501 DOI: 10.1177/0192623317747549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has seen an increase in the development and clinical use of biomarkers associated with histological features of liver disease. Here, we conduct a comparative histological and global proteomics analysis to identify coregulated modules of proteins in the progression of hepatic steatosis or fibrosis. We orally administered the reference chemicals bromobenzene (BB) or 4,4'-methylenedianiline (4,4'-MDA) to male Sprague-Dawley rats for either 1 single administration or 5 consecutive daily doses. Livers were preserved for histopathology and global proteomics assessment. Analysis of liver sections confirmed a dose- and time-dependent increase in frequency and severity of histopathological features indicative of lipid accumulation after BB or fibrosis after 4,4'-MDA. BB administration resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the frequency and severity of inflammation and vacuolation. 4,4'-MDA administration resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the frequency and severity of periportal collagen accumulation and inflammation. Pathway analysis identified a time-dependent enrichment of biological processes associated with steatogenic or fibrogenic initiating events, cellular functions, and toxicological states. Differentially expressed protein modules were consistent with the observed histology, placing physiologically linked protein networks into context of the disease process. This study demonstrates the potential for protein modules to provide mechanistic links between initiating events and histopathological outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Claire McDyre
- 1 Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohamed Diwan M AbdulHameed
- 2 Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | | | - William E Dennis
- 4 U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research (USACEHR), Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jason M Koontz
- 4 U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research (USACEHR), Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Anders Wallqvist
- 2 Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - John A Lewis
- 4 U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research (USACEHR), Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Danielle L Ippolito
- 4 U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research (USACEHR), Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|