1
|
Ruijmbeek CW, Housley F, Idrees H, Housley MP, Pestel J, Keller L, Lai JK, van der Linde HC, Willemsen R, Piesker J, Al-Hassnan ZN, Almesned A, Dalinghaus M, van den Bersselaar LM, van Slegtenhorst MA, Tessadori F, Bakkers J, van Ham TJ, Stainier DY, Verhagen JM, Reischauer S. Biallelic variants in FLII cause pediatric cardiomyopathy by disrupting cardiomyocyte cell adhesion and myofibril organization. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168247. [PMID: 37561591 PMCID: PMC10544232 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cardiomyopathy (CM) represents a group of rare, severe disorders that affect the myocardium. To date, the etiology and mechanisms underlying pediatric CM are incompletely understood, hampering accurate diagnosis and individualized therapy development. Here, we identified biallelic variants in the highly conserved flightless-I (FLII) gene in 3 families with idiopathic, early-onset dilated CM. We demonstrated that patient-specific FLII variants, when brought into the zebrafish genome using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, resulted in the manifestation of key aspects of morphological and functional abnormalities of the heart, as observed in our patients. Importantly, using these genetic animal models, complemented with in-depth loss-of-function studies, we provided insights into the function of Flii during ventricular chamber morphogenesis in vivo, including myofibril organization and cardiomyocyte cell adhesion, as well as trabeculation. In addition, we identified Flii function to be important for the regulation of Notch and Hippo signaling, crucial pathways associated with cardiac morphogenesis and function. Taken together, our data provide experimental evidence for a role for FLII in the pathogenesis of pediatric CM and report biallelic variants as a genetic cause of pediatric CM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudine W.B. Ruijmbeek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Filomena Housley
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hafiza Idrees
- Medical Clinic I (Cardiology/Angiology) and Campus Kerckhoff, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen/Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Michael P. Housley
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jenny Pestel
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Leonie Keller
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jason K.H. Lai
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Herma C. van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rob Willemsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Janett Piesker
- Scientific Service Group Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Zuhair N. Al-Hassnan
- Department of Medical Genetics, and
- Cardiovascular Genetics Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Michiel Dalinghaus
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisa M. van den Bersselaar
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjon A. van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Federico Tessadori
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J. van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Didier Y.R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen/Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), RheinMain partner site, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Judith M.A. Verhagen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Medical Clinic I (Cardiology/Angiology) and Campus Kerckhoff, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen/Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), RheinMain partner site, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Deng R, Medico-Salsench E, Nikoncuk A, Ramakrishnan R, Lanko K, Kühn NA, van der Linde HC, Lor-Zade S, Albuainain F, Shi Y, Yousefi S, Capo I, van den Herik EM, van Slegtenhorst M, van Minkelen R, Geeven G, Mulder MT, Ruijter GJG, Lütjohann D, Jacobs EH, Houlden H, Pagnamenta AT, Metcalfe K, Jackson A, Banka S, De Simone L, Schwaede A, Kuntz N, Palculict TB, Abbas S, Umair M, AlMuhaizea M, Colak D, AlQudairy H, Alsagob M, Pereira C, Trunzo R, Karageorgou V, Bertoli-Avella AM, Bauer P, Bouman A, Hoefsloot LH, van Ham TJ, Issa M, Zaki MS, Gleeson JG, Willemsen R, Kaya N, Arold ST, Maroofian R, Sanderson LE, Barakat TS. AMFR dysfunction causes autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia in human that is amenable to statin treatment in a preclinical model. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 146:353-368. [PMID: 37119330 PMCID: PMC10328903 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are rare, inherited neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental disorders that mainly present with lower limb spasticity and muscle weakness due to motor neuron dysfunction. Whole genome sequencing identified bi-allelic truncating variants in AMFR, encoding a RING-H2 finger E3 ubiquitin ligase anchored at the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in two previously genetically unexplained HSP-affected siblings. Subsequently, international collaboration recognized additional HSP-affected individuals with similar bi-allelic truncating AMFR variants, resulting in a cohort of 20 individuals from 8 unrelated, consanguineous families. Variants segregated with a phenotype of mainly pure but also complex HSP consisting of global developmental delay, mild intellectual disability, motor dysfunction, and progressive spasticity. Patient-derived fibroblasts, neural stem cells (NSCs), and in vivo zebrafish modeling were used to investigate pathomechanisms, including initial preclinical therapy assessment. The absence of AMFR disturbs lipid homeostasis, causing lipid droplet accumulation in NSCs and patient-derived fibroblasts which is rescued upon AMFR re-expression. Electron microscopy indicates ER morphology alterations in the absence of AMFR. Similar findings are seen in amfra-/- zebrafish larvae, in addition to altered touch-evoked escape response and defects in motor neuron branching, phenocopying the HSP observed in patients. Interestingly, administration of FDA-approved statins improves touch-evoked escape response and motor neuron branching defects in amfra-/- zebrafish larvae, suggesting potential therapeutic implications. Our genetic and functional studies identify bi-allelic truncating variants in AMFR as a cause of a novel autosomal recessive HSP by altering lipid metabolism, which may potentially be therapeutically modulated using precision medicine with statins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Deng
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Whole Genome Sequencing Implementation and Research Task Force, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Medico-Salsench
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Nikoncuk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reshmi Ramakrishnan
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Kristina Lanko
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolas A. Kühn
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herma C. van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Lor-Zade
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fatimah Albuainain
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yuwei Shi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Soheil Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Whole Genome Sequencing Implementation and Research Task Force, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Capo
- Department for Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Marjon van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rick van Minkelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Geeven
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Whole Genome Sequencing Implementation and Research Task Force, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique T. Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - George J. G. Ruijter
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Edwin H. Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alistair T. Pagnamenta
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kay Metcalfe
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Adam Jackson
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Lenika De Simone
- Division of Neurology, Division of Genetics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Abigail Schwaede
- Division of Neurology, Division of Genetics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Nancy Kuntz
- Division of Neurology, Division of Genetics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Safdar Abbas
- Department of Biological Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed AlMuhaizea
- Neuroscience Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), MBC: 76, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Dilek Colak
- Molecular Oncology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), MBC: 03, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan AlQudairy
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomics Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC: 26, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysoon Alsagob
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomics Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC: 26, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
- Applied Genomics Technologies Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Arjan Bouman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lies H. Hoefsloot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Whole Genome Sequencing Implementation and Research Task Force, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J. van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Whole Genome Sequencing Implementation and Research Task Force, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mahmoud Issa
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha S. Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Joseph G. Gleeson
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, USA
| | - Rob Willemsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Namik Kaya
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomics Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC: 26, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefan T. Arold
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Leslie E. Sanderson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tahsin Stefan Barakat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Whole Genome Sequencing Implementation and Research Task Force, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Discovery Unit, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Smits DJ, Schot R, Krusy N, Wiegmann K, Utermöhlen O, Mulder MT, den Hoedt S, Yoon G, Deshwar AR, Kresge C, Pletcher B, van Mook M, Ferreira MS, Poot RA, Slotman JA, Kremers GJ, Ahmad A, Albash B, Bastaki L, Marafi D, Dekker J, van Ham TJ, Nguyen L, Mancini GMS. SMPD4 regulates mitotic nuclear envelope dynamics and its loss causes microcephaly and diabetes. Brain 2023:7024918. [PMID: 36732302 PMCID: PMC10393401 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biallelic loss of function (LoF) variants in SMPD4 cause a rare and severe neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive congenital microcephaly and early death. SMPD4 encodes a sphingomyelinase that hydrolyzes sphingomyelin into ceramide at neutral pH and can thereby affect membrane lipid homeostasis. SMPD4 localizes to the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope (NE), and interacts with nuclear pore complexes (NPC). We refine the clinical phenotype of LoF SMPD4 variants by describing five individuals from three unrelated families with longitudinal data due to prolonged survival. All individuals surviving beyond infancy developed insulin-dependent diabetes, besides presenting with a severe neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) and microcephaly, making diabetes one of the most frequent age-dependent non-cerebral abnormalities. We studied the function of SMPD4 at the cellular and organ levels. Knock-down of SMPD4 in human neural stem cells, causes reduced proliferation rates and prolonged mitosis. Moreover, SMPD4 depletion results in abnormal NE breakdown and reassembly during mitosis and decreased post-mitotic NPC insertion. Fibroblasts from affected individuals show deficient SMPD4-specific neutral sphingomyelinase activity, without changing (sub)cellular lipidome fractions, which suggests a local function of SMPD4 on the NE. In embryonic mouse brain, knockdown of Smpd4 impairs cortical progenitor proliferation and induces premature differentiation by altering the balance between neurogenic and proliferative progenitor cell divisions. We hypothesize that, in individuals with SMPD4-related disease, NE bending, which is needed to insert NPCs in the nuclear envelope, is impaired in the absence of SMPD4, and interferes with cerebral corticogenesis and survival of pancreatic beta cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daphne J Smits
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Schot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Krusy
- GIGA-Stem Cells/Neurosciences, University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Katja Wiegmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Colgne, Germany
| | - Olaf Utermöhlen
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Colgne, Germany
| | - Monique T Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra den Hoedt
- Department of Internal Medicine, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Grace Yoon
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ashish R Deshwar
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Beth Pletcher
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Maura van Mook
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Serio Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond A Poot
- Department of Cell biology, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Center, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Kremers
- Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Center, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abeer Ahmad
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Adan Hospital, Hadiya 52700, Kuwait
| | - Buthaina Albash
- Kuwait Medical Genetics Centre, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait
| | - Laila Bastaki
- Kuwait Medical Genetics Centre, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait
| | - Dana Marafi
- Kuwait Medical Genetics Centre, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait.,Section of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Adan Hospital, Hadiya 52700, Kuwait.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Jordy Dekker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- GIGA-Stem Cells/Neurosciences, University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Smits DJ, Dekker J, Schot R, Tabarki B, Alhashem A, Demmers JAA, Dekkers DHW, Romito A, van der Spek PJ, van Ham TJ, Bertoli-Avella AM, Mancini GMS. CLEC16A interacts with retromer and TRIM27, and its loss impairs endosomal trafficking and neurodevelopment. Hum Genet 2023; 142:379-397. [PMID: 36538041 PMCID: PMC9950183 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CLEC16A is a membrane-associated C-type lectin protein that functions as a E3-ubiquitin ligase. CLEC16A regulates autophagy and mitophagy, and reportedly localizes to late endosomes. GWAS studies have associated CLEC16A SNPs to various auto-immune and neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis and Parkinson disease. Studies in mouse models imply a role for CLEC16A in neurodegeneration. We identified bi-allelic CLEC16A truncating variants in siblings from unrelated families presenting with a severe neurodevelopmental disorder including microcephaly, brain atrophy, corpus callosum dysgenesis, and growth retardation. To understand the function of CLEC16A in neurodevelopment we used in vitro models and zebrafish embryos. We observed CLEC16A localization to early endosomes in HEK293T cells. Mass spectrometry of human CLEC16A showed interaction with endosomal retromer complex subunits and the endosomal ubiquitin ligase TRIM27. Expression of the human variant leading to C-terminal truncated CLEC16A, abolishes both its endosomal localization and interaction with TRIM27, suggesting a loss-of-function effect. CLEC16A knockdown increased TRIM27 adhesion to early endosomes and abnormal accumulation of endosomal F-actin, a sign of disrupted vesicle sorting. Mutagenesis of clec16a by CRISPR-Cas9 in zebrafish embryos resulted in accumulated acidic/phagolysosome compartments, in neurons and microglia, and dysregulated mitophagy. The autophagocytic phenotype was rescued by wild-type human CLEC16A but not the C-terminal truncated CLEC16A. Our results demonstrate that CLEC16A closely interacts with retromer components and regulates endosomal fate by fine-tuning levels of TRIM27 and polymerized F-actin on the endosome surface. Dysregulation of CLEC16A-mediated endosomal sorting is associated with neurodegeneration, but it also causes accumulation of autophagosomes and unhealthy mitochondria during brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daphne J Smits
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jordy Dekker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Rachel Schot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brahim Tabarki
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, 12233, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alhashem
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, 12233, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeroen A A Demmers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Proteomics Center, ErasmusMC University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dick H W Dekkers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Proteomics Center, ErasmusMC University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Peter J van der Spek
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Bioinformatics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, ErasmusMC University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Eikenboom EL, Moen S, van Leeuwen L, Geurts-Giele WR, Tops CM, van Ham TJ, Dinjens WN, Dubbink HJ, Spaander MC, Wagner A. Unexplained mismatch repair deficiency: Case closed. HGG Adv 2022; 4:100167. [PMID: 36624813 PMCID: PMC9823207 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2022.100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify Lynch syndrome (LS) carriers, DNA mismatch repair (MMR) immunohistochemistry (IHC) is performed on colorectal cancers (CRCs). Upon subsequent LS diagnostics, MMR deficiency (MMRd) sometimes remains unexplained (UMMRd). Recently, the importance of complete LS diagnostics to explain UMMRd, involving MMR methylation, germline, and somatic analyses, was stressed. To explore why some MMRd CRCs remain unsolved, we performed a systematic review of the literature and mapped patients with UMMRd diagnosed in our center. A systematic literature search was performed in Ovid Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar for articles on UMMRd CRCs after complete LS diagnostics published until December 15, 2021. Additionally, UMMRd CRCs diagnosed in our center since 1993 were mapped. Of 754 identified articles, 17 were included, covering 74 patients with UMMRd. Five CRCs were microsatellite stable. Upon complete diagnostics, 39 patients had single somatic MMR hits, and six an MMR germline variant of unknown significance (VUS). Ten had somatic pathogenic variants (PVs) in POLD1, MLH3, MSH3, and APC. The remaining 14 patients were the only identifiable cases in the literature without a plausible identified cause of the UMMRd. Of those, nine were suspected to have LS. In our center, complete LS diagnostics in approximately 5,000 CRCs left seven MMRd CRCs unexplained. All had a somatic MMR hit or MMR germline VUS, indicative of a missed second MMR hit. In vitually all patients with UMMRd, complete LS diagnostics suggest MMR gene involvement. Optimizing detection of currently undetectable PVs and VUS interpretation might explain all UMMRd CRCs, considering UMMRd a case closed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellis L. Eikenboom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah Moen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lotte van Leeuwen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willemina R.R. Geurts-Giele
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carli M.J. Tops
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J. van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Winand N.M. Dinjens
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus J. Dubbink
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manon C.W. Spaander
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anja Wagner
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Douben HCW, Nellist M, van Unen L, Elfferich P, Kasteleijn E, Hoogeveen-Westerveld M, Louwen J, van Veghel-Plandsoen M, de Valk W, Saris JJ, Hendriks F, Korpershoek E, Hoefsloot LH, van Vliet M, van Bever Y, van de Laar I, Aten E, Lachmeijer AMA, Taal W, van den Bersselaar L, Schuurmans J, Oostenbrink R, van Minkelen R, van Ierland Y, van Ham TJ. High-yield identification of pathogenic NF1 variants by skin fibroblast transcriptome screening after apparently normal diagnostic DNA testing. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:2130-2140. [PMID: 36251260 PMCID: PMC10099955 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is caused by inactivating mutations in NF1. Due to the size, complexity, and high mutation rate at the NF1 locus, the identification of causative variants can be challenging. To obtain a molecular diagnosis in 15 individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for NF1, we performed transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) on RNA obtained from cultured skin fibroblasts. In each case, routine molecular DNA diagnostics had failed to identify a disease-causing variant in NF1. A pathogenic variant or abnormal mRNA splicing was identified in 13 cases: 6 deep intronic variants and 2 transposon insertions causing noncanonical splicing, 3 postzygotic changes, 1 branch point mutation and, in 1 case, abnormal splicing for which the responsible DNA change remains to be identified. These findings helped resolve the molecular findings for an additional 17 individuals in multiple families with NF1, demonstrating the utility of skin-fibroblast-based transcriptome analysis for molecular diagnostics. RNA-seq improves mutation detection in NF1 and provides a powerful complementary approach to DNA-based methods. Importantly, our approach is applicable to other genetic disorders, particularly those caused by a wide variety of variants in a limited number of genes and specifically for individuals in whom routine molecular DNA diagnostics did not identify the causative variant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannie C W Douben
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Nellist
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leontine van Unen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Elfferich
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esmee Kasteleijn
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jesse Louwen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Walter de Valk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Saris
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Hendriks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Korpershoek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lies H Hoefsloot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margreethe van Vliet
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande van Bever
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid van de Laar
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emmelien Aten
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Augusta M A Lachmeijer
- Department of Genetics, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Walter Taal
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa van den Bersselaar
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juliette Schuurmans
- Department of Genetics, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Oostenbrink
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of General Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rick van Minkelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Ierland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou Z, Hollink IHIM, Bouman A, Lourens MS, Brooimans RA, van Ham TJ, Fraaij PLA, van Rossum AMC, Zijtregtop EAM, Dik WA, Dalm VASH, van Hagen PM, Ijspeert H, Vermont CL. Three patients with defects in interferon gamma receptor signaling: A challenging diagnosis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13768. [PMID: 35470942 PMCID: PMC9321145 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Zhou
- Laboratory Medical ImmunologyDepartment of ImmunologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of Clinical ImmunologyDepartment of Internal MedicineErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Erasmus MCAcademic Center for Rare Immunological Diseases (RIDC)University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Iris H. I. M. Hollink
- Erasmus MCAcademic Center for Rare Immunological Diseases (RIDC)University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical GeneticsErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Arjan Bouman
- Erasmus MCAcademic Center for Rare Immunological Diseases (RIDC)University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical GeneticsErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mirthe S. Lourens
- Laboratory Medical ImmunologyDepartment of ImmunologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Erasmus MCAcademic Center for Rare Immunological Diseases (RIDC)University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rik A. Brooimans
- Laboratory Medical ImmunologyDepartment of ImmunologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Erasmus MCAcademic Center for Rare Immunological Diseases (RIDC)University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J. van Ham
- Department of Clinical GeneticsErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Pieter L. A. Fraaij
- Erasmus MCAcademic Center for Rare Immunological Diseases (RIDC)University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease and ImmunologyDepartment of PediatricsErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center Rotterdam‐Sophia Children’s HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M. C. van Rossum
- Erasmus MCAcademic Center for Rare Immunological Diseases (RIDC)University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease and ImmunologyDepartment of PediatricsErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center Rotterdam‐Sophia Children’s HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eline A. M. Zijtregtop
- Division of Pediatric Hemato‐oncologyDepartment of PediatricsErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center Rotterdam‐Sophia Children’s HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Willem A. Dik
- Laboratory Medical ImmunologyDepartment of ImmunologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Erasmus MCAcademic Center for Rare Immunological Diseases (RIDC)University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Virgil A. S. H. Dalm
- Laboratory Medical ImmunologyDepartment of ImmunologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of Clinical ImmunologyDepartment of Internal MedicineErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Erasmus MCAcademic Center for Rare Immunological Diseases (RIDC)University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - P. Martin van Hagen
- Laboratory Medical ImmunologyDepartment of ImmunologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of Clinical ImmunologyDepartment of Internal MedicineErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Erasmus MCAcademic Center for Rare Immunological Diseases (RIDC)University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Hanna Ijspeert
- Laboratory Medical ImmunologyDepartment of ImmunologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Erasmus MCAcademic Center for Rare Immunological Diseases (RIDC)University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Clementien L. Vermont
- Erasmus MCAcademic Center for Rare Immunological Diseases (RIDC)University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease and ImmunologyDepartment of PediatricsErasmus MCUniversity Medical Center Rotterdam‐Sophia Children’s HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Berdowski WM, van der Linde HC, Breur M, Oosterhof N, Beerepoot S, Sanderson L, Wijnands LI, de Jong P, Tsai-Meu-Chong E, de Valk W, de Witte M, van IJcken WFJ, Demmers J, van der Knaap MS, Bugiani M, Wolf NI, van Ham TJ. Dominant-acting CSF1R variants cause microglial depletion and altered astrocytic phenotype in zebrafish and adult-onset leukodystrophy. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:211-239. [PMID: 35713703 PMCID: PMC9288387 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages of the brain, including microglia, are implicated in the pathogenesis of various CNS disorders and are possible therapeutic targets by their chemical depletion or replenishment by hematopoietic stem cell therapy. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of microglial function and the consequences of microglial depletion in the human brain is lacking. In human disease, heterozygous variants in CSF1R, encoding the Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor, can lead to adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) possibly caused by microglial depletion. Here, we investigate the effects of ALSP-causing CSF1R variants on microglia and explore the consequences of microglial depletion in the brain. In intermediate- and late-stage ALSP post-mortem brain, we establish that there is an overall loss of homeostatic microglia and that this is predominantly seen in the white matter. By introducing ALSP-causing missense variants into the zebrafish genomic csf1ra locus, we show that these variants act dominant negatively on the number of microglia in vertebrate brain development. Transcriptomics and proteomics on relatively spared ALSP brain tissue validated a downregulation of microglia-associated genes and revealed elevated astrocytic proteins, possibly suggesting involvement of astrocytes in early pathogenesis. Indeed, neuropathological analysis and in vivo imaging of csf1r zebrafish models showed an astrocytic phenotype associated with enhanced, possibly compensatory, endocytosis. Together, our findings indicate that microglial depletion in zebrafish and human disease, likely as a consequence of dominant-acting pathogenic CSF1R variants, correlates with altered astrocytes. These findings underscore the unique opportunity CSF1R variants provide to gain insight into the roles of microglia in the human brain, and the need to further investigate how microglia, astrocytes, and their interactions contribute to white matter homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woutje M. Berdowski
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herma C. van der Linde
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Breur
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Department of Pathology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Oosterhof
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shanice Beerepoot
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leslie Sanderson
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieve I. Wijnands
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick de Jong
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Tsai-Meu-Chong
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Walter de Valk
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Moniek de Witte
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Hematology Department, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F. J. van IJcken
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XCenter for Biomics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Demmers
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XProteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjo S. van der Knaap
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Department of Pathology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole I. Wolf
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J. van Ham
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Timmerman R, Zuiderwijk-Sick EA, Oosterhof N, 't Jong AEJ, Veth J, Burm SM, van Ham TJ, Bajramovic JJ. Transcriptome analysis reveals the contribution of oligodendrocyte and radial glia-derived cues for maintenance of microglia identity. Glia 2021; 70:728-747. [PMID: 34961968 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are increasingly being recognized as druggable targets in neurodegenerative disorders, and good in vitro models are crucial to address cell biological questions. Major challenges are to recapitulate the complex microglial morphology and their in vivo transcriptome. We have therefore exposed primary microglia from adult rhesus macaques to a variety of different culture conditions including exposure to soluble factors as M-CSF, IL-34, and TGF-β as well as serum replacement approaches, and compared their morphologies and transcriptomes to those of mature, homeostatic in vivo microglia. This enabled us to develop a new, partially serum-free, monoculture protocol, that yields high numbers of ramified cells. We also demonstrate that exposure of adult microglia to M-CSF or IL-34 induces similar transcriptomes, and that exposure to TGF-β has much less pronounced effects than it does on rodent microglia. However, regardless of culture conditions, the transcriptomes of in vitro and in vivo microglia remained substantially different. Analysis of differentially expressed genes inspired us to perform 3D-spherical coculture experiments of microglia with oligodendrocytes and radial glia. In such spheres, microglia signature genes were strongly induced, even in the absence of neurons and astrocytes. These data reveal a novel role for oligodendrocyte and radial glia-derived cues in the maintenance of microglial identity, providing new anchor points to study microglia in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raissa Timmerman
- Alternatives Unit, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nynke Oosterhof
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke E J 't Jong
- Alternatives Unit, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Veth
- Alternatives Unit, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia M Burm
- Alternatives Unit, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey J Bajramovic
- Alternatives Unit, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Riemslagh FW, Verhagen RFM, van der Toorn EC, Smits DJ, Quint WH, van der Linde HC, van Ham TJ, Willemsen R. Reduction of oxidative stress suppresses poly-GR-mediated toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:272601. [PMID: 34693978 PMCID: PMC8649169 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hexanucleotide (G4C2)-repeat expansion in the C9ORF72 gene is the most common pathogenic cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This repeat expansion can be translated into dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs), and distribution of the poly-GR DPR correlates with neurodegeneration in postmortem C9FTD/ALS brains. Here, we assessed poly-GR toxicity in zebrafish embryos, using an annexin A5-based fluorescent transgenic line (secA5) that allows for detection and quantification of apoptosis in vivo. Microinjection of RNA encoding poly-GR into fertilized oocytes evoked apoptosis in the brain and abnormal motor neuron morphology in the trunk of 1-4-days postfertilization embryos. Poly-GR can be specifically detected in protein homogenates from injected zebrafish and in the frontal cortexes of C9FTD/ALS cases. Poly-GR expression further elevated MitoSOX levels in zebrafish embryos, indicating oxidative stress. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species using Trolox showed full suppression of poly-GR toxicity. Our study indicates that poly-GR can exert its toxicity via oxidative stress. This zebrafish model can be used to find suppressors of poly-GR toxicity and identify its molecular targets underlying neurodegeneration observed in C9FTD/ALS. Summary: Toxicity of C9ALS/FTD poly-GR in zebrafish embryos is suppressed by Trolox, and poly-GR can be detected and quantified in zebrafish model protein homogenates, and in the frontal cortex of C9FTD/ALS cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fréderike W Riemslagh
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob F M Verhagen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esmay C van der Toorn
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne J Smits
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H Quint
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herma C van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Willemsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yousefi S, Deng R, Lanko K, Salsench EM, Nikoncuk A, van der Linde HC, Perenthaler E, van Ham TJ, Mulugeta E, Barakat TS. Comprehensive multi-omics integration identifies differentially active enhancers during human brain development with clinical relevance. Genome Med 2021; 13:162. [PMID: 34663447 PMCID: PMC8524963 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00980-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-coding regulatory elements (NCREs), such as enhancers, play a crucial role in gene regulation, and genetic aberrations in NCREs can lead to human disease, including brain disorders. The human brain is a complex organ that is susceptible to numerous disorders; many of these are caused by genetic changes, but a multitude remain currently unexplained. Understanding NCREs acting during brain development has the potential to shed light on previously unrecognized genetic causes of human brain disease. Despite immense community-wide efforts to understand the role of the non-coding genome and NCREs, annotating functional NCREs remains challenging. METHODS Here we performed an integrative computational analysis of virtually all currently available epigenome data sets related to human fetal brain. RESULTS Our in-depth analysis unravels 39,709 differentially active enhancers (DAEs) that show dynamic epigenomic rearrangement during early stages of human brain development, indicating likely biological function. Many of these DAEs are linked to clinically relevant genes, and functional validation of selected DAEs in cell models and zebrafish confirms their role in gene regulation. Compared to enhancers without dynamic epigenomic rearrangement, DAEs are subjected to higher sequence constraints in humans, have distinct sequence characteristics and are bound by a distinct transcription factor landscape. DAEs are enriched for GWAS loci for brain-related traits and for genetic variation found in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism. CONCLUSION This compendium of high-confidence enhancers will assist in deciphering the mechanism behind developmental genetics of human brain and will be relevant to uncover missing heritability in human genetic brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruizhi Deng
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina Lanko
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Medico Salsench
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Nikoncuk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herma C. van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Perenthaler
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J. van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eskeatnaf Mulugeta
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tahsin Stefan Barakat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sanderson LE, Lanko K, Alsagob M, Almass R, Al-Ahmadi N, Najafi M, Al-Muhaizea MA, Alzaidan H, AlDhalaan H, Perenthaler E, van der Linde HC, Nikoncuk A, Kühn NA, Antony D, Owaidah TM, Raskin S, Vieira LGDR, Mombach R, Ahangari N, Silveira TRD, Ameziane N, Rolfs A, Alharbi A, Sabbagh RM, AlAhmadi K, Alawam B, Ghebeh H, AlHargan A, Albader AA, Binhumaid FS, Goljan E, Monies D, Mustafa OM, Aldosary M, AlBakheet A, Alyounes B, Almutairi F, Al-Odaib A, Aksoy DB, Basak AN, Palvadeau R, Trabzuni D, Rosenfeld JA, Karimiani EG, Meyer BF, Karakas B, Al-Mohanna F, Arold ST, Colak D, Maroofian R, Houlden H, Bertoli-Avella AM, Schmidts M, Barakat TS, van Ham TJ, Kaya N. Bi-allelic variants in HOPS complex subunit VPS41 cause cerebellar ataxia and abnormal membrane trafficking. Brain 2021; 144:769-780. [PMID: 33764426 PMCID: PMC8041041 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking is a complex, essential process in eukaryotic cells responsible for protein transport and processing. Deficiencies in vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) proteins, key regulators of trafficking, cause abnormal intracellular segregation of macromolecules and organelles and are linked to human disease. VPS proteins function as part of complexes such as the homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) tethering complex, composed of VPS11, VPS16, VPS18, VPS33A, VPS39 and VPS41. The HOPS-specific subunit VPS41 has been reported to promote viability of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease but to date has not been linked to human disease. Here, we describe five unrelated families with nine affected individuals, all carrying homozygous variants in VPS41 that we show impact protein function. All affected individuals presented with a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder consisting of cognitive impairment, cerebellar atrophy/hypoplasia, motor dysfunction with ataxia and dystonia, and nystagmus. Zebrafish disease modelling supports the involvement of VPS41 dysfunction in the disorder, indicating lysosomal dysregulation throughout the brain and providing support for cerebellar and microglial abnormalities when vps41 was mutated. This provides the first example of human disease linked to the HOPS-specific subunit VPS41 and suggests the importance of HOPS complex activity for cerebellar function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie E Sanderson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina Lanko
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maysoon Alsagob
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,KACST-BWH/Harvard Centre of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Almass
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Al-Ahmadi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biology, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Najafi
- Genome Research Division, Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | | | - Hamad Alzaidan
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham AlDhalaan
- Department of Neurosciences, KFSHRC, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Elena Perenthaler
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herma C van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Nikoncuk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolas A Kühn
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dinu Antony
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Tarek Mustafa Owaidah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KFSHRC, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salmo Raskin
- Positivo University Medical School, Curitiba, Parana, 81280-330, Brazil
| | | | - Romulo Mombach
- Núcleo de Assistência Integral ao Paciente Especial, Prefeitura de Joinvile, Joinvile, Santa Catarina, 89202-450, Brazil
| | - Najmeh Ahangari
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 9177899191, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Arndt Rolfs
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock.,Medical University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock
| | - Aljohara Alharbi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KFSHRC, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghda M Sabbagh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KFSHRC, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid AlAhmadi
- Department of Neurosciences, KFSHRC, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayer Alawam
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem Ghebeh
- Stem Cell and Tissue Re-engineering Program, KFSHRC, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aljouhra AlHargan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anoud A Albader
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal S Binhumaid
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ewa Goljan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dorota Monies
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M Mustafa
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazhor Aldosary
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Albandary AlBakheet
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Banan Alyounes
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Faten Almutairi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Al-Odaib
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Durdane Bekar Aksoy
- Gaziosmanpasa University, School of Medicine, Neurology Dept. Tokat, 8FJH+CW Tokat, Merkez/Tokat, Turkey
| | - A Nazli Basak
- Koc University, School of Medicine, Suna and Inan Kirac Foundation, NDAL- KUTTAM, Davutpasa cad. No.4, 34010, Zeytinburnu, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Robin Palvadeau
- Koc University, School of Medicine, Suna and Inan Kirac Foundation, NDAL- KUTTAM, Davutpasa cad. No.4, 34010, Zeytinburnu, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Daniah Trabzuni
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.,Innovative Medical Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, 9G58 + 69 Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran
| | - Brian F Meyer
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, 11211, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bedri Karakas
- Department of Molecular Oncology, KFSHRC, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Futwan Al-Mohanna
- Department of Cell Biology, KFSHRC, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefan T Arold
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Dilek Colak
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, KFSHRC, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Miriam Schmidts
- Genome Research Division, Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Tahsin Stefan Barakat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Namik Kaya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, 11211, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Microglia are highly dynamic cells crucial for developing and maintaining lifelong brain function and health through their many interactions with essentially all cellular components of the central nervous system. The frequent connection of microglia to leukodystrophies, genetic disorders of the white matter, has highlighted their involvement in the maintenance of white matter integrity. However, the mechanisms that underlie their putative roles in these processes remain largely uncharacterized. Microglia have also been gaining attention as possible therapeutic targets for many neurological conditions, increasing the demand to understand their broad spectrum of functions and the impact of their dysregulation. In this Review, we compare the pathological features of two groups of genetic leukodystrophies: those in which microglial dysfunction holds a central role, termed 'microgliopathies', and those in which lysosomal or peroxisomal defects are considered to be the primary driver. The latter are suspected to have notable microglia involvement, as some affected individuals benefit from microglia-replenishing therapy. Based on overlapping pathology, we discuss multiple ways through which aberrant microglia could lead to white matter defects and brain dysfunction. We propose that the study of leukodystrophies, and their extensively multicellular pathology, will benefit from complementing analyses of human patient material with the examination of cellular dynamics in vivo using animal models, such as zebrafish. Together, this will yield important insight into the cell biological mechanisms of microglial impact in the central nervous system, particularly in the development and maintenance of myelin, that will facilitate the development of new, and refinement of existing, therapeutic options for a range of brain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tjakko J. van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Perni M, van der Goot A, Limbocker R, van Ham TJ, Aprile FA, Xu CK, Flagmeier P, Thijssen K, Sormanni P, Fusco G, Chen SW, Challa PK, Kirkegaard JB, Laine RF, Ma KY, Müller MBD, Sinnige T, Kumita JR, Cohen SIA, Seinstra R, Kaminski Schierle GS, Kaminski CF, Barbut D, De Simone A, Knowles TPJ, Zasloff M, Nollen EAA, Vendruscolo M, Dobson CM. Comparative Studies in the A30P and A53T α-Synuclein C. elegans Strains to Investigate the Molecular Origins of Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:552549. [PMID: 33829010 PMCID: PMC8019828 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.552549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of α-synuclein is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and a variety of related neurological disorders. A number of mutations in this protein, including A30P and A53T, are associated with familial forms of the disease. Patients carrying the A30P mutation typically exhibit a similar age of onset and symptoms as sporadic PD, while those carrying the A53T mutation generally have an earlier age of onset and an accelerated progression. We report two C. elegans models of PD (PDA30P and PDA53T), which express these mutational variants in the muscle cells, and probed their behavior relative to animals expressing the wild-type protein (PDWT). PDA30P worms showed a reduced speed of movement and an increased paralysis rate, control worms, but no change in the frequency of body bends. By contrast, in PDA53T worms both speed and frequency of body bends were significantly decreased, and paralysis rate was increased. α-Synuclein was also observed to be less well localized into aggregates in PDA30P worms compared to PDA53T and PDWT worms, and amyloid-like features were evident later in the life of the animals, despite comparable levels of expression of α-synuclein. Furthermore, squalamine, a natural product currently in clinical trials for treating symptomatic aspects of PD, was found to reduce significantly the aggregation of α-synuclein and its associated toxicity in PDA53T and PDWT worms, but had less marked effects in PDA30P. In addition, using an antibody that targets the N-terminal region of α-synuclein, we observed a suppression of toxicity in PDA30P, PDA53T and PDWT worms. These results illustrate the use of these two C. elegans models in fundamental and applied PD research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Perni
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Annemieke van der Goot
- University Medical Centre Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ryan Limbocker
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Tjakko J. van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Francesco A. Aprile
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine K. Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Flagmeier
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Thijssen
- University Medical Centre Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Pietro Sormanni
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Giuliana Fusco
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Serene W. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pavan K. Challa
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julius B. Kirkegaard
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Romain F. Laine
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology (LMCB) University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kai Yu Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,University Medical Centre Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Martin B. D. Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,University Medical Centre Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tessa Sinnige
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Janet R. Kumita
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel I. A. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Renée Seinstra
- University Medical Centre Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Clemens F. Kaminski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Denise Barbut
- MedStar-Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alfonso De Simone
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Zasloff
- MedStar-Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ellen A. A. Nollen
- University Medical Centre Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Ellen A. A. Nollen
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Michele Vendruscolo
| | - Christopher M. Dobson
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Van Dyck A, Bollaerts I, Beckers A, Vanhunsel S, Glorian N, van Houcke J, van Ham TJ, De Groef L, Andries L, Moons L. Müller glia-myeloid cell crosstalk accelerates optic nerve regeneration in the adult zebrafish. Glia 2021; 69:1444-1463. [PMID: 33502042 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by progressive neuronal loss, eventually lead to functional impairment in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Importantly, these deteriorations are irreversible, due to the very limited regenerative potential of these CNS neurons. Stimulating and redirecting neuroinflammation was recently put forward as an important approach to induce axonal regeneration, but it remains elusive how inflammatory processes and CNS repair are intertwined. To gain more insight into these interactions, we investigated how immunomodulation affects the regenerative outcome after optic nerve crush (ONC) in the spontaneously regenerating zebrafish. First, inducing intraocular inflammation using zymosan resulted in an acute inflammatory response, characterized by an increased infiltration and proliferation of innate blood-borne immune cells, reactivation of Müller glia, and altered retinal cytokine expression. Strikingly, inflammatory stimulation also accelerated axonal regrowth after optic nerve injury. Second, we demonstrated that acute depletion of both microglia and macrophages in the retina, using pharmacological treatments with both the CSF1R inhibitor PLX3397 and clodronate liposomes, compromised optic nerve regeneration. Moreover, we observed that csf1ra/b double mutant fish, lacking microglia in both retina and brain, displayed accelerated RGC axonal regrowth after ONC, which was accompanied with unusual Müller glia proliferative gliosis. Altogether, our results highlight the importance of altered glial cell interactions in the axonal regeneration process after ONC in adult zebrafish. Unraveling the relative contribution of the different cell types, as well as the signaling pathways involved, may pinpoint new targets to stimulate repair in the vertebrate CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Van Dyck
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Bollaerts
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Beckers
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Vanhunsel
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nynke Glorian
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jessie van Houcke
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lies De Groef
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien Andries
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Moons
- Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cunha MI, Su M, Cantuti-Castelvetri L, Müller SA, Schifferer M, Djannatian M, Alexopoulos I, van der Meer F, Winkler A, van Ham TJ, Schmid B, Lichtenthaler SF, Stadelmann C, Simons M. Pro-inflammatory activation following demyelination is required for myelin clearance and oligodendrogenesis. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133824. [PMID: 32078678 PMCID: PMC7201919 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Remyelination requires innate immune system function, but how exactly microglia and macrophages clear myelin debris after injury and tailor a specific regenerative response is unclear. Here, we asked whether pro-inflammatory microglial/macrophage activation is required for this process. We established a novel toxin-based spinal cord model of de- and remyelination in zebrafish and showed that pro-inflammatory NF-κB–dependent activation in phagocytes occurs rapidly after myelin injury. We found that the pro-inflammatory response depends on myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88). MyD88-deficient mice and zebrafish were not only impaired in the degradation of myelin debris, but also in initiating the generation of new oligodendrocytes for myelin repair. We identified reduced generation of TNF-α in lesions of MyD88-deficient animals, a pro-inflammatory molecule that was able to induce the generation of new premyelinating oligodendrocytes. Our study shows that pro-inflammatory phagocytic signaling is required for myelin debris degradation, for inflammation resolution, and for initiating the generation of new oligodendrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Inês Cunha
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany.,Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Minhui Su
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Ludovico Cantuti-Castelvetri
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Martina Schifferer
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Minou Djannatian
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Ioannis Alexopoulos
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska van der Meer
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne Winkler
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bettina Schmid
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kuil LE, Oosterhof N, Ferrero G, Mikulášová T, Hason M, Dekker J, Rovira M, van der Linde HC, van Strien PM, de Pater E, Schaaf G, Bindels EM, Wittamer V, van Ham TJ. Zebrafish macrophage developmental arrest underlies depletion of microglia and reveals Csf1r-independent metaphocytes. eLife 2020; 9:53403. [PMID: 32367800 PMCID: PMC7237208 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages derive from multiple sources of hematopoietic progenitors. Most macrophages require colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), but some macrophages persist in the absence of CSF1R. Here, we analyzed mpeg1:GFP–expressing macrophages in csf1r-deficient zebrafish and report that embryonic macrophages emerge followed by their developmental arrest. In larvae, mpeg1+ cell numbers then increased showing two distinct types in the skin: branched, putative Langerhans cells, and amoeboid cells. In contrast, although numbers also increased in csf1r-mutants, exclusively amoeboid mpeg1+ cells were present, which we showed by genetic lineage tracing to have a non-hematopoietic origin. They expressed macrophage-associated genes, but also showed decreased phagocytic gene expression and increased epithelial-associated gene expression, characteristic of metaphocytes, recently discovered ectoderm-derived cells. We further demonstrated that juvenile csf1r-deficient zebrafish exhibit systemic macrophage depletion. Thus, csf1r deficiency disrupts embryonic to adult macrophage development. Zebrafish deficient for csf1r are viable and permit analyzing the consequences of macrophage loss throughout life. Immune cells called macrophages are found in all organs in the body. These cells are highly effective at eating and digesting large particles including dead cells and debris, and microorganisms such as bacteria. Macrophages are also instrumental in shaping developing organs and repairing tissues during life. Macrophages were, until recently, thought to be constantly replenished from cells circulating in the bloodstream. However, it turns out that separate populations of macrophages become established in most tissues during embryonic development and are maintained throughout life without further input. Previous studies of zebrafish, rodents and humans have shown that, when a gene called CSF1R is non-functional, macrophages are absent from many organs including the brain. However, some tissue-specific macrophages still persist, and it was not clear why these cells do not rely on the CSF1R gene while others do. Kuil et al. set out to decipher the precise requirement for the CSF1R gene in macrophage development in living zebrafish. The experiments used zebrafish that make a green fluorescent protein in their macrophages. As these fish are transparent, this meant that Kuil et al. could observe the cells within the living fish and isolate them to determine which genes are switched on and off. This approach revealed that zebrafish with a mutated version of the CSF1R gene make macrophages as embryos but that these cells then fail to multiply and migrate into the developing organs. This results in fewer macrophages in the zebrafish’s tissues, and an absence of these cells in the brain. Kuil et al. went on to show that new macrophages did emerge in zebrafish that were about two to three weeks old. However, unexpectedly, these new cells were not regular macrophages. Instead, they were a new recently identified cell-type called metaphocytes, which share similarities with macrophages but have a completely different origin, move faster and do not eat particles. Zebrafish lacking the CSF1R gene thus lose nearly all their macrophages but retain metaphocytes. These macrophage-free mutant zebrafish constitute an unprecedented tool for further studies looking to discriminate the different roles of macrophages and metaphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Kuil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nynke Oosterhof
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Giuliano Ferrero
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tereza Mikulášová
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hason
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jordy Dekker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mireia Rovira
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Herma C van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Emma de Pater
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerben Schaaf
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik Mj Bindels
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Valerie Wittamer
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,WELBIO, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Perenthaler E, Nikoncuk A, Yousefi S, Berdowski WM, Alsagob M, Capo I, van der Linde HC, van den Berg P, Jacobs EH, Putar D, Ghazvini M, Aronica E, van IJcken WFJ, de Valk WG, Medici-van den Herik E, van Slegtenhorst M, Brick L, Kozenko M, Kohler JN, Bernstein JA, Monaghan KG, Begtrup A, Torene R, Al Futaisi A, Al Murshedi F, Mani R, Al Azri F, Kamsteeg EJ, Mojarrad M, Eslahi A, Khazaei Z, Darmiyan FM, Doosti M, Karimiani EG, Vandrovcova J, Zafar F, Rana N, Kandaswamy KK, Hertecant J, Bauer P, AlMuhaizea MA, Salih MA, Aldosary M, Almass R, Al-Quait L, Qubbaj W, Coskun S, Alahmadi KO, Hamad MHA, Alwadaee S, Awartani K, Dababo AM, Almohanna F, Colak D, Dehghani M, Mehrjardi MYV, Gunel M, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Passi GR, Cheema HA, Efthymiou S, Houlden H, Bertoli-Avella AM, Brooks AS, Retterer K, Maroofian R, Kaya N, van Ham TJ, Barakat TS. Loss of UGP2 in brain leads to a severe epileptic encephalopathy, emphasizing that bi-allelic isoform-specific start-loss mutations of essential genes can cause genetic diseases. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 139:415-442. [PMID: 31820119 PMCID: PMC7035241 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a group of devastating genetic disorders, resulting in early-onset, therapy-resistant seizures and developmental delay. Here we report on 22 individuals from 15 families presenting with a severe form of intractable epilepsy, severe developmental delay, progressive microcephaly, visual disturbance and similar minor dysmorphisms. Whole exome sequencing identified a recurrent, homozygous variant (chr2:64083454A > G) in the essential UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP2) gene in all probands. This rare variant results in a tolerable Met12Val missense change of the longer UGP2 protein isoform but causes a disruption of the start codon of the shorter isoform, which is predominant in brain. We show that the absence of the shorter isoform leads to a reduction of functional UGP2 enzyme in neural stem cells, leading to altered glycogen metabolism, upregulated unfolded protein response and premature neuronal differentiation, as modeled during pluripotent stem cell differentiation in vitro. In contrast, the complete lack of all UGP2 isoforms leads to differentiation defects in multiple lineages in human cells. Reduced expression of Ugp2a/Ugp2b in vivo in zebrafish mimics visual disturbance and mutant animals show a behavioral phenotype. Our study identifies a recurrent start codon mutation in UGP2 as a cause of a novel autosomal recessive DEE syndrome. Importantly, it also shows that isoform-specific start-loss mutations causing expression loss of a tissue-relevant isoform of an essential protein can cause a genetic disease, even when an organism-wide protein absence is incompatible with life. We provide additional examples where a similar disease mechanism applies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Perenthaler
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Nikoncuk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Soheil Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Woutje M Berdowski
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maysoon Alsagob
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ivan Capo
- Department for Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Herma C van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul van den Berg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin H Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Darija Putar
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mehrnaz Ghazvini
- iPS Cell Core Facility, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F J van IJcken
- Center for Biomics, Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Walter G de Valk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marjon van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lauren Brick
- Division of Genetics, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4J9, Canada
| | - Mariya Kozenko
- Division of Genetics, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4J9, Canada
| | - Jennefer N Kohler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amna Al Futaisi
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Fathiya Al Murshedi
- Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Renjith Mani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Faisal Al Azri
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Erik-Jan Kamsteeg
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Genetic Center of Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atieh Eslahi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Doosti
- Department Medical Genetics, Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
- Innovative Medical Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jana Vandrovcova
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Faisal Zafar
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Nuzhat Rana
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | | | - Jozef Hertecant
- Department of Pediatrics, Tawam Hospital, and College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | | | - Mohammed A AlMuhaizea
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa A Salih
- Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazhor Aldosary
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Almass
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Al-Quait
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Qubbaj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Serdar Coskun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled O Alahmadi
- Radiology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muddathir H A Hamad
- Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Alwadaee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Awartani
- Obstetrics/Gynecology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas M Dababo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Futwan Almohanna
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dilek Colak
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammadreza Dehghani
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Murat Gunel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Program On Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A Gulhan Ercan-Sencicek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Program On Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, NY, USA
| | - Gouri Rao Passi
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology Clinic, Choithram Hospital and Research Centre, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Huma Arshad Cheema
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Department, Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Alice S Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Namik Kaya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tahsin Stefan Barakat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mazzolini J, Le Clerc S, Morisse G, Coulonges C, Kuil LE, van Ham TJ, Zagury J, Sieger D. Gene expression profiling reveals a conserved microglia signature in larval zebrafish. Glia 2020; 68:298-315. [PMID: 31508850 PMCID: PMC6916425 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the resident macrophages of the brain. Over the past decade, our understanding of the function of these cells has significantly improved. Microglia do not only play important roles in the healthy brain but are involved in almost every brain pathology. Gene expression profiling allowed to distinguish microglia from other macrophages and revealed that the full microglia signature can only be observed in vivo. Thus, animal models are irreplaceable to understand the function of these cells. One of the popular models to study microglia is the zebrafish larva. Due to their optical transparency and genetic accessibility, zebrafish larvae have been employed to understand a variety of microglia functions in the living brain. Here, we performed RNA sequencing of larval zebrafish microglia at different developmental time points: 3, 5, and 7 days post fertilization (dpf). Our analysis reveals that larval zebrafish microglia rapidly acquire the core microglia signature and many typical microglia genes are expressed from 3 dpf onwards. The majority of changes in gene expression happened between 3 and 5 dpf, suggesting that differentiation mainly takes place during these days. Furthermore, we compared the larval microglia transcriptome to published data sets of adult zebrafish microglia, mouse microglia, and human microglia. Larval microglia shared a significant number of expressed genes with their adult counterparts in zebrafish as well as with mouse and human microglia. In conclusion, our results show that larval zebrafish microglia mature rapidly and express the core microglia gene signature that seems to be conserved across species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mazzolini
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Sigrid Le Clerc
- Laboratoire GBCM, EA7528, Conservatoire National des Arts et MétiersHESAM UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Gregoire Morisse
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Cédric Coulonges
- Laboratoire GBCM, EA7528, Conservatoire National des Arts et MétiersHESAM UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Laura E. Kuil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J. van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jean‐François Zagury
- Laboratoire GBCM, EA7528, Conservatoire National des Arts et MétiersHESAM UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Dirk Sieger
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Oosterhof N, Kuil LE, van der Linde HC, Burm SM, Berdowski W, van Ijcken WFJ, van Swieten JC, Hol EM, Verheijen MHG, van Ham TJ. Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor (CSF1R) Regulates Microglia Density and Distribution, but Not Microglia Differentiation In Vivo. Cell Rep 2019; 24:1203-1217.e6. [PMID: 30067976 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are brain-resident macrophages with trophic and phagocytic functions. Dominant loss-of-function mutations in a key microglia regulator, colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), cause adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP), a progressive white matter disorder. Because it remains unclear precisely how CSF1R mutations affect microglia, we generated an allelic series of csf1r mutants in zebrafish to identify csf1r-dependent microglia changes. We found that csf1r mutations led to aberrant microglia density and distribution and regional loss of microglia. The remaining microglia still had a microglia-specific gene expression signature, indicating that they had differentiated normally. Strikingly, we also observed lower microglia numbers and widespread microglia depletion in postmortem brain tissue of ALSP patients. Both in zebrafish and in human disease, local microglia loss also presented in regions without obvious pathology. Together, this implies that CSF1R mainly regulates microglia density and that early loss of microglia may contribute to ALSP pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nynke Oosterhof
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura E Kuil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Herma C van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia M Burm
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Woutje Berdowski
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F J van Ijcken
- Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John C van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroimmunology, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark H G Verheijen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, CNCR, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kuil LE, López Martí A, Carreras Mascaro A, van den Bosch JC, van den Berg P, van der Linde HC, Schoonderwoerd K, Ruijter GJG, van Ham TJ. Hexb enzyme deficiency leads to lysosomal abnormalities in radial glia and microglia in zebrafish brain development. Glia 2019; 67:1705-1718. [PMID: 31140649 PMCID: PMC6772114 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipidoses are severe, mostly infantile lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) caused by defective glycosphingolipid degradation. Two of these sphingolipidoses, Tay Sachs and Sandhoff diseases, are caused by β-Hexosaminidase (HEXB) enzyme deficiency, resulting in ganglioside (GM2) accumulation and neuronal loss. The precise sequence of cellular events preceding, and leading to, neuropathology remains unclear, but likely involves inflammation and lysosomal accumulation of GM2 in multiple cell types. We aimed to determine the consequences of Hexb activity loss for different brain cell types using zebrafish. Hexb deficient zebrafish (hexb-/- ) showed lysosomal abnormalities already early in development both in radial glia, which are the neuronal and glial progenitors, and in microglia. Additionally, at 5 days postfertilization, hexb-/- zebrafish showed reduced locomotor activity. Although specific oligosaccharides accumulate in the adult brain, hexb-/- ) zebrafish are viable and apparently resistant to Hexb deficiency. In all, we identified cellular consequences of loss of Hexb enzyme activity during embryonic brain development, showing early effects on glia, which possibly underlie the behavioral aberrations. Hereby, we identified clues into the contribution of non-neuronal lysosomal abnormalities in LSDs affecting the brain and provide a tool to further study what underlies the relative resistance to Hexb deficiency in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Kuil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anna López Martí
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ana Carreras Mascaro
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen C. van den Bosch
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Paul van den Berg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Herma C. van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Kees Schoonderwoerd
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - George J. G. Ruijter
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J. van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Verhagen JMA, van den Born M, van der Linde HC, G J Nikkels P, Verdijk RM, Kivlen MH, van Unen LMA, Baas AF, Ter Heide H, van Osch-Gevers L, Hoogeveen-Westerveld M, Herkert JC, Bertoli-Avella AM, van Slegtenhorst MA, Wessels MW, Verheijen FW, Hassel D, Hofstra RMW, Hegde RS, van Hasselt PM, van Ham TJ, van de Laar IMBH. Biallelic Variants in ASNA1, Encoding a Cytosolic Targeting Factor of Tail-Anchored Proteins, Cause Rapidly Progressive Pediatric Cardiomyopathy. Circ Genom Precis Med 2019; 12:397-406. [PMID: 31461301 PMCID: PMC7205403 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.119.002507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Pediatric cardiomyopathies are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of heart muscle disorders associated with high morbidity and mortality. Although knowledge of the genetic basis of pediatric cardiomyopathy has improved considerably, the underlying cause remains elusive in a substantial proportion of cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith M A Verhagen
- Department of Clinical Genetics (J.M.A.V., M.v.d.B., H.C.v.d.L., L.M.A.v.U., M.H.-W., M.A.v.S., M.W.W., F.W.V., R.M.W.H., T.J.v.H., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - Myrthe van den Born
- Department of Clinical Genetics (J.M.A.V., M.v.d.B., H.C.v.d.L., L.M.A.v.U., M.H.-W., M.A.v.S., M.W.W., F.W.V., R.M.W.H., T.J.v.H., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - Herma C van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics (J.M.A.V., M.v.d.B., H.C.v.d.L., L.M.A.v.U., M.H.-W., M.A.v.S., M.W.W., F.W.V., R.M.W.H., T.J.v.H., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - Peter G J Nikkels
- Department of Pathology (P.G.J.N.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Rob M Verdijk
- Department of Pathology (R.M.V.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - Maryann H Kivlen
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom (M.H.K., R.S.H.)
| | - Leontine M A van Unen
- Department of Clinical Genetics (J.M.A.V., M.v.d.B., H.C.v.d.L., L.M.A.v.U., M.H.-W., M.A.v.S., M.W.W., F.W.V., R.M.W.H., T.J.v.H., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - Annette F Baas
- Department of Genetics (A.F.B.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Henriette Ter Heide
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology (H.t.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Lennie van Osch-Gevers
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology (L.v.O.-G.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - Marianne Hoogeveen-Westerveld
- Department of Clinical Genetics (J.M.A.V., M.v.d.B., H.C.v.d.L., L.M.A.v.U., M.H.-W., M.A.v.S., M.W.W., F.W.V., R.M.W.H., T.J.v.H., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - Johanna C Herkert
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (J.C.H.)
| | | | - Marjon A van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics (J.M.A.V., M.v.d.B., H.C.v.d.L., L.M.A.v.U., M.H.-W., M.A.v.S., M.W.W., F.W.V., R.M.W.H., T.J.v.H., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - Marja W Wessels
- Department of Clinical Genetics (J.M.A.V., M.v.d.B., H.C.v.d.L., L.M.A.v.U., M.H.-W., M.A.v.S., M.W.W., F.W.V., R.M.W.H., T.J.v.H., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - Frans W Verheijen
- Department of Clinical Genetics (J.M.A.V., M.v.d.B., H.C.v.d.L., L.M.A.v.U., M.H.-W., M.A.v.S., M.W.W., F.W.V., R.M.W.H., T.J.v.H., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - David Hassel
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (D.H.)
| | - Robert M W Hofstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics (J.M.A.V., M.v.d.B., H.C.v.d.L., L.M.A.v.U., M.H.-W., M.A.v.S., M.W.W., F.W.V., R.M.W.H., T.J.v.H., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - Ramanujan S Hegde
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom (M.H.K., R.S.H.)
| | - Peter M van Hasselt
- Department of Pediatrics (P.M.v.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics (J.M.A.V., M.v.d.B., H.C.v.d.L., L.M.A.v.U., M.H.-W., M.A.v.S., M.W.W., F.W.V., R.M.W.H., T.J.v.H., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - Ingrid M B H van de Laar
- Department of Clinical Genetics (J.M.A.V., M.v.d.B., H.C.v.d.L., L.M.A.v.U., M.H.-W., M.A.v.S., M.W.W., F.W.V., R.M.W.H., T.J.v.H., I.M.B.H.v.d.L.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hsiao CC, van der Poel M, van Ham TJ, Hamann J. Macrophages Do Not Express the Phagocytic Receptor BAI1/ ADGRB1. Front Immunol 2019; 10:962. [PMID: 31130954 PMCID: PMC6509540 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chih Hsiao
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marlijn van der Poel
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jörg Hamann
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Neuroimmunology, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Oosterhof N, Chang IJ, Karimiani EG, Kuil LE, Jensen DM, Daza R, Young E, Astle L, van der Linde HC, Shivaram GM, Demmers J, Latimer CS, Keene CD, Loter E, Maroofian R, van Ham TJ, Hevner RF, Bennett JT. Homozygous Mutations in CSF1R Cause a Pediatric-Onset Leukoencephalopathy and Can Result in Congenital Absence of Microglia. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:936-947. [PMID: 30982608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are CNS-resident macrophages that scavenge debris and regulate immune responses. Proliferation and development of macrophages, including microglia, requires Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor (CSF1R), a gene previously associated with a dominant adult-onset neurological condition (adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia). Here, we report two unrelated individuals with homozygous CSF1R mutations whose presentation was distinct from ALSP. Post-mortem examination of an individual with a homozygous splice mutation (c.1754-1G>C) demonstrated several structural brain anomalies, including agenesis of corpus callosum. Immunostaining demonstrated almost complete absence of microglia within this brain, suggesting that it developed in the absence of microglia. The second individual had a homozygous missense mutation (c.1929C>A [p.His643Gln]) and presented with developmental delay and epilepsy in childhood. We analyzed a zebrafish model (csf1rDM) lacking Csf1r function and found that their brains also lacked microglia and had reduced levels of CUX1, a neuronal transcription factor. CUX1+ neurons were also reduced in sections of homozygous CSF1R mutant human brain, identifying an evolutionarily conserved role for CSF1R signaling in production or maintenance of CUX1+ neurons. Since a large fraction of CUX1+ neurons project callosal axons, we speculate that microglia deficiency may contribute to agenesis of the corpus callosum via reduction in CUX1+ neurons. Our results suggest that CSF1R is required for human brain development and establish the csf1rDM fish as a model for microgliopathies. In addition, our results exemplify an under-recognized form of phenotypic expansion, in which genes associated with well-recognized, dominant conditions produce different phenotypes when biallelically mutated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nynke Oosterhof
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Irene J Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Laura E Kuil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dana M Jensen
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Ray Daza
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Erica Young
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Lee Astle
- Department of Laboratory and Pathology, Alaska Native Medical Center, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Herma C van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen Demmers
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caitlin S Latimer
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Emily Loter
- Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK; Department of Neuromuscular Disorders and Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Robert F Hevner
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - James T Bennett
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kuil LE, Oosterhof N, Geurts SN, van der Linde HC, Meijering E, van Ham TJ. Reverse genetic screen reveals that Il34 facilitates yolk sac macrophage distribution and seeding of the brain. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.037762. [PMID: 30765415 PMCID: PMC6451432 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.037762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are brain-resident macrophages, which have specialized functions important in brain development and in disease. They colonize the brain in early embryonic stages, but few factors that drive the migration of yolk sac macrophages (YSMs) into the embryonic brain, or regulate their acquisition of specialized properties, are currently known. Here, we present a CRISPR/Cas9-based in vivo reverse genetic screening pipeline to identify new microglia regulators using zebrafish. Zebrafish larvae are particularly suitable due to their external development, transparency and conserved microglia features. We targeted putative microglia regulators, by Cas9/gRNA complex injections, followed by Neutral-Red-based visualization of microglia. Microglia were quantified automatically in 3-day-old larvae using a software tool we called SpotNGlia. We identified that loss of zebrafish colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (Csf1r) ligand, Il34, caused reduced microglia numbers. Previous studies on the role of IL34 in microglia development in vivo were ambiguous. Our data, and a concurrent paper, show that, in zebrafish, il34 is required during the earliest seeding of the brain by microglia. Our data also indicate that Il34 is required for YSM distribution to other organs. Disruption of the other Csf1r ligand, Csf1, did not reduce microglia numbers in mutants, whereas overexpression increased the number of microglia. This shows that Csf1 can influence microglia numbers, but might not be essential for the early seeding of the brain. In all, we identified il34 as a modifier of microglia colonization, by affecting distribution of YSMs to target organs, validating our reverse genetic screening pipeline in zebrafish.This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Kuil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Oosterhof
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Samuël N Geurts
- Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Departments of Medical Informatics and Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Quantitative Imaging, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Herma C van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Meijering
- Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Departments of Medical Informatics and Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tsarouchas TM, Wehner D, Cavone L, Munir T, Keatinge M, Lambertus M, Underhill A, Barrett T, Kassapis E, Ogryzko N, Feng Y, van Ham TJ, Becker T, Becker CG. Dynamic control of proinflammatory cytokines Il-1β and Tnf-α by macrophages in zebrafish spinal cord regeneration. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4670. [PMID: 30405119 PMCID: PMC6220182 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07036-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury leads to a massive response of innate immune cells in non-regenerating mammals, but also in successfully regenerating zebrafish. However, the role of the immune response in successful regeneration is poorly defined. Here we show that inhibiting inflammation reduces and promoting it accelerates axonal regeneration in spinal-lesioned zebrafish larvae. Mutant analyses show that peripheral macrophages, but not neutrophils or microglia, are necessary for repair. Macrophage-less irf8 mutants show prolonged inflammation with elevated levels of Tnf-α and Il-1β. Inhibiting Tnf-α does not rescue axonal growth in irf8 mutants, but impairs it in wildtype animals, indicating a pro-regenerative role of Tnf-α. In contrast, decreasing Il-1β levels or number of Il-1β+ neutrophils rescue functional regeneration in irf8 mutants. However, during early regeneration, interference with Il-1β function impairs regeneration in irf8 and wildtype animals. Hence, inflammation is dynamically controlled by macrophages to promote functional spinal cord regeneration in zebrafish. While proinflammatory signalling is preventive to axon regrowth, activated macrophages can be beneficial, for example by limiting the inflammation. This study uses mutant zebrafish lines that lack macrophages and/or microglia to show that peripheral macrophages are necessary in axon regrowth following complete transection of spinal cord.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Themistoklis M Tsarouchas
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Daniel Wehner
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Technische Universität Dresden, DFG-Center of Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Leonardo Cavone
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Tahimina Munir
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Marcus Keatinge
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Marvin Lambertus
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Underhill
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Thomas Barrett
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Elias Kassapis
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Nikolay Ogryzko
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Yi Feng
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Becker
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
| | - Catherina G Becker
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gui H, Schriemer D, Cheng WW, Chauhan RK, Antiňolo G, Berrios C, Bleda M, Brooks AS, Brouwer RWW, Burns AJ, Cherny SS, Dopazo J, Eggen BJL, Griseri P, Jalloh B, Le TL, Lui VCH, Luzón-Toro B, Matera I, Ngan ESW, Pelet A, Ruiz-Ferrer M, Sham PC, Shepherd IT, So MT, Sribudiani Y, Tang CSM, van den Hout MCGN, van der Linde HC, van Ham TJ, van IJcken WFJ, Verheij JBGM, Amiel J, Borrego S, Ceccherini I, Chakravarti A, Lyonnet S, Tam PKH, Garcia-Barceló MM, Hofstra RMW. Whole exome sequencing coupled with unbiased functional analysis reveals new Hirschsprung disease genes. Genome Biol 2017; 18:48. [PMID: 28274275 PMCID: PMC5343413 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), which is congenital obstruction of the bowel, results from a failure of enteric nervous system (ENS) progenitors to migrate, proliferate, differentiate, or survive within the distal intestine. Previous studies that have searched for genes underlying HSCR have focused on ENS-related pathways and genes not fitting the current knowledge have thus often been ignored. We identify and validate novel HSCR genes using whole exome sequencing (WES), burden tests, in silico prediction, unbiased in vivo analyses of the mutated genes in zebrafish, and expression analyses in zebrafish, mouse, and human. Results We performed de novo mutation (DNM) screening on 24 HSCR trios. We identify 28 DNMs in 21 different genes. Eight of the DNMs we identified occur in RET, the main HSCR gene, and the remaining 20 DNMs reside in genes not reported in the ENS. Knockdown of all 12 genes with missense or loss-of-function DNMs showed that the orthologs of four genes (DENND3, NCLN, NUP98, and TBATA) are indispensable for ENS development in zebrafish, and these results were confirmed by CRISPR knockout. These genes are also expressed in human and mouse gut and/or ENS progenitors. Importantly, the encoded proteins are linked to neuronal processes shared by the central nervous system and the ENS. Conclusions Our data open new fields of investigation into HSCR pathology and provide novel insights into the development of the ENS. Moreover, the study demonstrates that functional analyses of genes carrying DNMs are warranted to delineate the full genetic architecture of rare complex diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1174-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Gui
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Duco Schriemer
- Department of Neuroscience, section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - William W Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rajendra K Chauhan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guillermo Antiňolo
- Department of Genetics, Reproduction and Fetal Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Seville, Spain
| | - Courtney Berrios
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Marta Bleda
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Seville, Spain.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alice S Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger W W Brouwer
- Erasmus Center for Biomics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alan J Burns
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Stacey S Cherny
- Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Joaquin Dopazo
- Department of Genetics, Reproduction and Fetal Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Seville, Spain
| | - Bart J L Eggen
- Department of Neuroscience, section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Binta Jalloh
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Thuy-Linh Le
- Laboratory of embryology and genetics of human malformations, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Department of Genetics, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Vincent C H Lui
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Berta Luzón-Toro
- Department of Genetics, Reproduction and Fetal Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Seville, Spain
| | - Ivana Matera
- UOC Genetica Medica, Istituto Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elly S W Ngan
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Anna Pelet
- Laboratory of embryology and genetics of human malformations, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Department of Genetics, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Macarena Ruiz-Ferrer
- Department of Genetics, Reproduction and Fetal Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Seville, Spain
| | - Pak C Sham
- Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | | | - Man-Ting So
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yunia Sribudiani
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Clara S M Tang
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | | | - Herma C van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joke B G M Verheij
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Laboratory of embryology and genetics of human malformations, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Department of Genetics, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Salud Borrego
- Department of Genetics, Reproduction and Fetal Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Seville, Spain
| | | | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Laboratory of embryology and genetics of human malformations, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Department of Genetics, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Paul K H Tam
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Maria-Mercè Garcia-Barceló
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Robert M W Hofstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
In neurodegenerative diseases activation of immune cells is thought to play a major role. Microglia are the main immune cells of the central nervous system. When encountering disease related stimuli microglia adopt an activated phenotype that typically includes a rounded morphology. The exact role of microglia or other potentially infiltrating myeloid cells in different brain diseases is not fully understood. In this chapter we present techniques in zebrafish to induce degeneration of neurons, to activate the microglia, and to study activation phenotypes by immunohistochemistry and in vivo by fluorescence microscopic imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nynke Oosterhof
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Laura E Kuil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Oosterhof N, Holtman IR, Kuil LE, van der Linde HC, Boddeke EWGM, Eggen BJL, van Ham TJ. Identification of a conserved and acute neurodegeneration-specific microglial transcriptome in the zebrafish. Glia 2016; 65:138-149. [PMID: 27757989 PMCID: PMC5215681 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are brain resident macrophages important for brain development, connectivity, homeostasis and disease. However, it is still largely unclear how microglia functions and their identity are regulated at the molecular level. Although recent transcriptomic studies have identified genes specifically expressed in microglia, the function of most of these genes in microglia is still unknown. Here, we performed RNA sequencing on microglia acutely isolated from healthy and neurodegenerative zebrafish brains. We found that a large fraction of the mouse microglial signature is conserved in the zebrafish, corroborating the use of zebrafish to help understand microglial genetics in mammals in addition to studying basic microglia biology. Second, our transcriptome analysis of microglia following neuronal ablation suggested primarily a proliferative response of microglia, which we confirmed by immunohistochemistry and in vivo imaging. Together with the recent improvements in genome editing technology in zebrafish, these data offer opportunities to facilitate functional genetic research on microglia in vivo in the healthy as well as in the diseased brain. GLIA 2016;65:138–149
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nynke Oosterhof
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, CN, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Inge R Holtman
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 971 3, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura E Kuil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, CN, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Herma C van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, CN, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Erik W G M Boddeke
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 971 3, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J L Eggen
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 971 3, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, CN, 3015, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kuipers J, Kalicharan RD, Wolters AHG, van Ham TJ, Giepmans BNG. Large-scale Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (Nanotomy) of Healthy and Injured Zebrafish Brain. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27285162 PMCID: PMC4927742 DOI: 10.3791/53635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale 2D electron microscopy (EM), or nanotomy, is the tissue-wide application of nanoscale resolution electron microscopy. Others and we previously applied large scale EM to human skin pancreatic islets, tissue culture and whole zebrafish larvae1-7. Here we describe a universally applicable method for tissue-scale scanning EM for unbiased detection of sub-cellular and molecular features. Nanotomy was applied to investigate the healthy and a neurodegenerative zebrafish brain. Our method is based on standardized EM sample preparation protocols: Fixation with glutaraldehyde and osmium, followed by epoxy-resin embedding, ultrathin sectioning and mounting of ultrathin-sections on one-hole grids, followed by post staining with uranyl and lead. Large-scale 2D EM mosaic images are acquired using a scanning EM connected to an external large area scan generator using scanning transmission EM (STEM). Large scale EM images are typically ~ 5 - 50 G pixels in size, and best viewed using zoomable HTML files, which can be opened in any web browser, similar to online geographical HTML maps. This method can be applied to (human) tissue, cross sections of whole animals as well as tissue culture1-5. Here, zebrafish brains were analyzed in a non-invasive neuronal ablation model. We visualize within a single dataset tissue, cellular and subcellular changes which can be quantified in various cell types including neurons and microglia, the brain's macrophages. In addition, nanotomy facilitates the correlation of EM with light microscopy (CLEM)8 on the same tissue, as large surface areas previously imaged using fluorescent microscopy, can subsequently be subjected to large area EM, resulting in the nano-anatomy (nanotomy) of tissues. In all, nanotomy allows unbiased detection of features at EM level in a tissue-wide quantifiable manner.
Collapse
|
31
|
Palchaudhuri R, Lambrecht MJ, Botham RC, Partlow KC, van Ham TJ, Putt KS, Nguyen LT, Kim SH, Peterson RT, Fan TM, Hergenrother PJ. A Small Molecule that Induces Intrinsic Pathway Apoptosis with Unparalleled Speed. Cell Rep 2015; 13:2027-36. [PMID: 26655912 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is generally believed to be a process that requires several hours, in contrast to non-programmed forms of cell death that can occur in minutes. Our findings challenge the time-consuming nature of apoptosis as we describe the discovery and characterization of a small molecule, named Raptinal, which initiates intrinsic pathway caspase-dependent apoptosis within minutes in multiple cell lines. Comparison to a mechanistically diverse panel of apoptotic stimuli reveals that Raptinal-induced apoptosis proceeds with unparalleled speed. The rapid phenotype enabled identification of the critical roles of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel function, mitochondrial membrane potential/coupled respiration, and mitochondrial complex I, III, and IV function for apoptosis induction. Use of Raptinal in whole organisms demonstrates its utility for studying apoptosis in vivo for a variety of applications. Overall, rapid inducers of apoptosis are powerful tools that will be used in a variety of settings to generate further insight into the apoptotic machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Palchaudhuri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael J Lambrecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rachel C Botham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kathryn C Partlow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Karson S Putt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Laurie T Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Timothy M Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Paul J Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kuipers J, van Ham TJ, Kalicharan RD, Veenstra-Algra A, Sjollema KA, Dijk F, Schnell U, Giepmans BNG. FLIPPER, a combinatorial probe for correlated live imaging and electron microscopy, allows identification and quantitative analysis of various cells and organelles. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 360:61-70. [PMID: 25786736 PMCID: PMC4379394 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ultrastructural examination of cells and tissues by electron microscopy (EM) yields detailed information on subcellular structures. However, EM is typically restricted to small fields of view at high magnification; this makes quantifying events in multiple large-area sample sections extremely difficult. Even when combining light microscopy (LM) with EM (correlated LM and EM: CLEM) to find areas of interest, the labeling of molecules is still a challenge. We present a new genetically encoded probe for CLEM, named "FLIPPER", which facilitates quantitative analysis of ultrastructural features in cells. FLIPPER consists of a fluorescent protein (cyan, green, orange, or red) for LM visualization, fused to a peroxidase allowing visualization of targets at the EM level. The use of FLIPPER is straightforward and because the module is completely genetically encoded, cells can be optimally prepared for EM examination. We use FLIPPER to quantify cellular morphology at the EM level in cells expressing a normal and disease-causing point-mutant cell-surface protein called EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule). The mutant protein is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and could therefore alter ER function and morphology. To reveal possible ER alterations, cells were co-transfected with color-coded full-length or mutant EpCAM and a FLIPPER targeted to the ER. CLEM examination of the mixed cell population allowed color-based cell identification, followed by an unbiased quantitative analysis of the ER ultrastructure by EM. Thus, FLIPPER combines bright fluorescent proteins optimized for live imaging with high sensitivity for EM labeling, thereby representing a promising tool for CLEM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Kuipers
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J. van Ham
- Present Address: Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruby D. Kalicharan
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Veenstra-Algra
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas A. Sjollema
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Freark Dijk
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Schnell
- Present Address: Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex. USA
| | - Ben N. G. Giepmans
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
van Ham TJ, Brady CA, Kalicharan RD, Oosterhof N, Kuipers J, Veenstra-Algra A, Sjollema KA, Peterson RT, Kampinga HH, Giepmans BNG. Intravital correlated microscopy reveals differential macrophage and microglial dynamics during resolution of neuroinflammation. Dis Model Mech 2015; 7:857-69. [PMID: 24973753 PMCID: PMC4073275 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.014886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many brain diseases involve activation of resident and peripheral immune cells to clear damaged and dying neurons. Which immune cells respond in what way to cues related to brain disease, however, remains poorly understood. To elucidate these in vivo immunological events in response to brain cell death we used genetically targeted cell ablation in zebrafish. Using intravital microscopy and large-scale electron microscopy, we defined the kinetics and nature of immune responses immediately following injury. Initially, clearance of dead cells occurs by mononuclear phagocytes, including resident microglia and macrophages of peripheral origin, whereas amoeboid microglia are exclusively involved at a later stage. Granulocytes, on the other hand, do not migrate towards the injury. Remarkably, following clearance, phagocyte numbers decrease, partly by phagocyte cell death and subsequent engulfment of phagocyte corpses by microglia. Here, we identify differential temporal involvement of microglia and peripheral macrophages in clearance of dead cells in the brain, revealing the chronological sequence of events in neuroinflammatory resolution. Remarkably, recruited phagocytes undergo cell death and are engulfed by microglia. Because adult zebrafish treated at the larval stage lack signs of pathology, it is likely that this mode of resolving immune responses in brain contributes to full tissue recovery. Therefore, these findings suggest that control of such immune cell behavior could benefit recovery from neuronal damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Colleen A Brady
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ruby D Kalicharan
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Oosterhof
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kuipers
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Veenstra-Algra
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas A Sjollema
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Harm H Kampinga
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben N G Giepmans
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
A major question in research on immune responses in the brain is how the timing and nature of these responses influence physiology, pathogenesis or recovery from pathogenic processes. Proper understanding of the immune regulation of the human brain requires a detailed description of the function and activities of the immune cells in the brain. Zebrafish larvae allow long-term, noninvasive imaging inside the brain at high-spatiotemporal resolution using fluorescent transgenic reporters labeling specific cell populations. Together with recent additional technical advances this allows an unprecedented versatility and scope of future studies. Modeling of human physiology and pathology in zebrafish has already yielded relevant insights into cellular dynamics and function that can be translated to the human clinical situation. For instance, in vivo studies in the zebrafish have provided new insight into immune cell dynamics in granuloma formation in tuberculosis and the mechanisms involving treatment resistance. In this review, we highlight recent findings and novel tools paving the way for basic neuroimmunology research in the zebrafish. GLIA 2015;63:719-735.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nynke Oosterhof
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
van Ham TJ, Kokel D, Peterson RT. Apoptotic cells are cleared by directional migration and elmo1- dependent macrophage engulfment. Curr Biol 2012; 22:830-6. [PMID: 22503503 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic cell death is essential for development and tissue homeostasis. Failure to clear apoptotic cells can ultimately cause inflammation and autoimmunity. Apoptosis has primarily been studied by staining of fixed tissue sections, and a clear understanding of the behavior of apoptotic cells in living tissue has been elusive. Here, we use a newly developed technique to track apoptotic cells in real time as they emerge and are cleared from the zebrafish brain. We find that apoptotic cells are remarkably motile, frequently migrating several cell diameters to the periphery of living tissues. F-actin remodeling occurs in surrounding cells, but also within the apoptotic cells themselves, suggesting a cell-autonomous component of motility. During the first 2 days of development, engulfment is rare, and most apoptotic cells lyse at the brain periphery. By 3 days postfertilization, most cell corpses are rapidly engulfed by macrophages. This engulfment requires the guanine nucleotide exchange factor elmo1. In elmo1-deficient macrophages, engulfment is rare and may occur through macropinocytosis rather than directed engulfment. These findings suggest that clearance of apoptotic cells in living vertebrates is accomplished by the combined actions of apoptotic cell migration and elmo1-dependent macrophage engulfment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tjakko J van Ham
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
van Ham TJ, Holmberg MA, van der Goot AT, Teuling E, Garcia-Arencibia M, Kim HE, Du D, Thijssen KL, Wiersma M, Burggraaff R, van Bergeijk P, van Rheenen J, Jerre van Veluw G, Hofstra RMW, Rubinsztein DC, Nollen EAA. Identification of MOAG-4/SERF as a regulator of age-related proteotoxicity. Cell 2010; 142:601-12. [PMID: 20723760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillar protein aggregates are the major pathological hallmark of several incurable, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. These aggregates typically contain aggregation-prone pathogenic proteins, such as amyloid-beta in Alzheimer's disease and alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease. It is, however, poorly understood how these aggregates are formed during cellular aging. Here we identify an evolutionarily highly conserved modifier of aggregation, MOAG-4, as a positive regulator of aggregate formation in C. elegans models for polyglutamine diseases. Inactivation of MOAG-4 suppresses the formation of compact polyglutamine aggregation intermediates that are required for aggregate formation. The role of MOAG-4 in driving aggregation extends to amyloid-beta and alpha-synuclein and is evolutionarily conserved in its human orthologs SERF1A and SERF2. MOAG-4/SERF appears to act independently from HSF-1-induced molecular chaperones, proteasomal degradation, and autophagy. Our results suggest that MOAG-4/SERF regulates age-related proteotoxicity through a previously unexplored pathway, which will open up new avenues for research on age-related, neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Many debilitating diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, involve apoptosis. Several methods have been developed for visualizing apoptotic cells in vitro or in fixed tissues, but few tools are available for visualizing apoptotic cells in live animals. Here we describe a genetically encoded fluorescent reporter protein that labels apoptotic cells in live zebrafish embryos. During apoptosis, the phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) is exposed on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. The calcium-dependent protein Annexin V (A5) binds PS with high affinity, and biochemically purified, fluorescently labeled A5 probes have been widely used to detect apoptosis in vitro. Here we show that secreted A5 fused to yellow fluorescent protein specifically labels apoptotic cells in living zebrafish. We use this fluorescent probe to characterize patterns of apoptosis in living zebrafish larvae and to visualize neuronal cell death at single-cell resolution in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tjakko J van Ham
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Various age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, polyglutamine expansion diseases and Alzheimer's disease, are associated with the accumulation of misfolded proteins in aggregates in the brain. How and why these proteins form aggregates and cause disease is still poorly understood. Small model organisms—the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster—have been used to model these diseases and high-throughput genetic screens using these models have led to the identification of a large number of genes that modify aggregation and toxicity of the disease proteins. In this review, we revisit these models and provide a comprehensive comparison of the genetic screens performed so far. Our integrative analysis highlights alterations of a wide variety of basic cellular processes. Not all disease proteins are influenced by alterations in the same cellular processes and despite the unifying theme of protein misfolding and aggregation, the pathology of each of the age-related misfolding disorders can be induced or influenced by a disease-protein-specific subset of molecular processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
van Ham TJ, Esposito A, Kumita JR, Hsu STD, Kaminski Schierle GS, Kaminski CF, Dobson CM, Nollen EAA, Bertoncini CW. Towards multiparametric fluorescent imaging of amyloid formation: studies of a YFP model of alpha-synuclein aggregation. J Mol Biol 2009; 395:627-42. [PMID: 19891973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 10/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Misfolding and aggregation of proteins are characteristics of a range of increasingly prevalent neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In Parkinson's disease and several closely related syndromes, the protein alpha-synuclein (AS) aggregates and forms amyloid-like deposits in specific regions of the brain. Fluorescence microscopy using fluorescent proteins, for instance the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), is the method of choice to image molecular events such as protein aggregation in living organisms. The presence of a bulky fluorescent protein tag, however, may potentially affect significantly the properties of the protein of interest; for AS in particular, its relative small size and, as an intrinsically unfolded protein, its lack of defined secondary structure could challenge the usefulness of fluorescent-protein-based derivatives. Here, we subject a YFP fusion of AS to exhaustive studies in vitro designed to determine its potential as a means of probing amyloid formation in vivo. By employing a combination of biophysical and biochemical studies, we demonstrate that the conjugation of YFP does not significantly perturb the structure of AS in solution and find that the AS-YFP protein forms amyloid deposits in vitro that are essentially identical with those observed for wild-type AS, except that they are fluorescent. Of the several fluorescent properties of the YFP chimera that were assayed, we find that fluorescence anisotropy is a particularly useful parameter to follow the aggregation of AS-YFP, because of energy migration Förster resonance energy transfer (emFRET or homoFRET) between closely positioned YFP moieties occurring as a result of the high density of the fluorophore within the amyloid species. Fluorescence anisotropy imaging microscopy further demonstrates the ability of homoFRET to distinguish between soluble, pre-fibrillar aggregates and amyloid fibrils of AS-YFP. Our results validate the use of fluorescent protein chimeras of AS as representative models for studying protein aggregation and offer new opportunities for the investigation of amyloid aggregation in vivo using YFP-tagged proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Roodveldt C, Bertoncini CW, Andersson A, van der Goot AT, Hsu ST, Fernández-Montesinos R, de Jong J, van Ham TJ, Nollen EA, Pozo D, Christodoulou J, Dobson CM. Chaperone proteostasis in Parkinson's disease: stabilization of the Hsp70/alpha-synuclein complex by Hip. EMBO J 2009; 28:3758-70. [PMID: 19875982 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2009.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-dependent protein chaperone heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) displays broad anti-aggregation functions and has a critical function in preventing protein misfolding pathologies. According to in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease (PD), loss of Hsp70 activity is associated with neurodegeneration and the formation of amyloid deposits of alpha-synuclein (alphaSyn), which constitute the intraneuronal inclusions in PD patients known as Lewy bodies. Here, we show that Hsp70 depletion can be a direct result of the presence of aggregation-prone polypeptides. We show a nucleotide-dependent interaction between Hsp70 and alphaSyn, which leads to the aggregation of Hsp70, in the presence of ADP along with alphaSyn. Such a co-aggregation phenomenon can be prevented in vitro by the co-chaperone Hip (ST13), and the hypothesis that it might do so also in vivo is supported by studies of a Caenorhabditis elegans model of alphaSyn aggregation. Our findings indicate that a decreased expression of Hip could facilitate depletion of Hsp70 by amyloidogenic polypeptides, impairing chaperone proteostasis and stimulating neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Roodveldt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
van Ham TJ, Thijssen KL, Breitling R, Hofstra RMW, Plasterk RHA, Nollen EAA. C. elegans model identifies genetic modifiers of alpha-synuclein inclusion formation during aging. PLoS Genet 2008; 4:e1000027. [PMID: 18369446 PMCID: PMC2265412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inclusions in the brain containing α-synuclein are the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease, but how these inclusions are formed and how this links to disease is poorly understood. We have developed a C. elegans model that makes it possible to monitor, in living animals, the formation of α-synuclein inclusions. In worms of old age, inclusions contain aggregated α- synuclein, resembling a critical pathological feature. We used genome-wide RNA interference to identify processes involved in inclusion formation, and identified 80 genes that, when knocked down, resulted in a premature increase in the number of inclusions. Quality control and vesicle-trafficking genes expressed in the ER/Golgi complex and vesicular compartments were overrepresented, indicating a specific role for these processes in α-synuclein inclusion formation. Suppressors include aging-associated genes, such as sir-2.1/SIRT1 and lagr-1/LASS2. Altogether, our data suggest a link between α-synuclein inclusion formation and cellular aging, likely through an endomembrane-related mechanism. The processes and genes identified here present a framework for further study of the disease mechanism and provide candidate susceptibility genes and drug targets for Parkinson's disease and other α-synuclein related disorders. Parkinson's disease is the second most common brain disorder of the elderly. It is thought to be caused by environmental and genetic factors. However, little is known about the genes and processes involved. Pathologically, Parkinson's disease is recognized by inclusions in the brain that contain a disease-specific protein: alpha-synuclein. We created a small animal model (C. elegans) in which we could follow the formation of alpha-synuclein inclusions in living and aging animals. With a genome-wide RNAi screen we identified 80 genes whose expression influences inclusion formation. These genes include evolutionarily conserved regulators of longevity, suggesting a link between inclusion formation and the molecular mechanism of aging. Our results offer a refined understanding of how Parkinson's disease arises during aging and we identify processes and genes that may underlie an increased susceptibility for the disease, which is important for improving diagnostics and developing strategies for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tjakko J. van Ham
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karen L. Thijssen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Breitling
- Groningen Bioinformatics Centre, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M. W. Hofstra
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald H. A. Plasterk
- Hubrecht Laboratory, Netherlands Institute of Developmental Biology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen A. A. Nollen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|