1
|
Castillo-Ordoñez WO, Cajas-Salazar N, Velasco-Reyes MA. Genetic and epigenetic targets of natural dietary compounds as anti-Alzheimer's agents. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:846-854. [PMID: 37843220 PMCID: PMC10664119 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia that principally affects older adults. Pathogenic factors, such as oxidative stress, an increase in acetylcholinesterase activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, genotoxicity, and neuroinflammation are present in this syndrome, which leads to neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease are considered late-onset diseases caused by the complex combination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. There are two main types of Alzheimer's disease, known as familial Alzheimer's disease (onset < 65 years) and late-onset or sporadic Alzheimer's disease (onset ≥ 65 years). Patients with familial Alzheimer's disease inherit the disease due to rare mutations on the amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 and 2 (PSEN1 and PSEN2) genes in an autosomal-dominantly fashion with closely 100% penetrance. In contrast, a different picture seems to emerge for sporadic Alzheimer's disease, which exhibits numerous non-Mendelian anomalies suggesting an epigenetic component in its etiology. Importantly, the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms driving Alzheimer's disease are interfaced with epigenetic dysregulation. However, the dynamic nature of epigenetics seems to open up new avenues and hope in regenerative neurogenesis to improve brain repair in Alzheimer's disease or following injury or stroke in humans. In recent years, there has been an increase in interest in using natural products for the treatment of neurodegenerative illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease. Through epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, histone modification, and chromatin conformation regulation, natural compounds appear to exert neuroprotective effects. While we do not purport to cover every in this work, we do attempt to illustrate how various phytochemical compounds regulate the epigenetic effects of a few Alzheimer's disease-related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willian Orlando Castillo-Ordoñez
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales-Exactas y de la Educación, Departamento de Biología. Universidad del Cauca, Popayán-Cauca, Colombia
- Departamento de Estudios Psicológicos, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - Nohelia Cajas-Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales-Exactas y de la Educación, Departamento de Biología. Universidad del Cauca, Popayán-Cauca, Colombia
| | - Mayra Alejandra Velasco-Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales-Exactas y de la Educación, Departamento de Biología. Universidad del Cauca, Popayán-Cauca, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Forgham H, Liu L, Zhu J, Javed I, Cai W, Qiao R, Davis TP. Vector enabled CRISPR gene editing - A revolutionary strategy for targeting the diversity of brain pathologies. Coord Chem Rev 2023; 487:215172. [PMID: 37305445 PMCID: PMC10249757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Brain pathologies are considered one of the greatest contributors of death and disability worldwide. Neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease is the second leading cause of death in adults, whilst brain cancers including glioblastoma multiforme in adults, and pediatric-type high-grade gliomas in children remain largely untreatable. A further compounding issue for patients with brain pathologies is that of long-term neuropsychiatric sequela - as a symptom or arising from high dose therapeutic intervention. The major challenge to effective, low dose treatment is finding therapeutics that successfully cross the blood-brain barrier and target aberrant cellular processes, while having minimum effect on essential cellular processes, and healthy bystander cells. Following over 30 years of research, CRISPR technology has emerged as a biomedical tour de force with the potential to revolutionise the treatment of both neurological and cancer related brain pathologies. The aim of this review is to take stock of the progress made in CRISPR technology in relation to treating brain pathologies. Specifically, we will describe studies which look beyond design, synthesis, and theoretical application; and focus instead on in vivo studies with translation potential. Along with discussing the latest breakthrough techniques being applied within the CRISPR field, we aim to provide a prospective on the knowledge gaps that exist and challenges that still lay ahead for CRISPR technology prior to successful application in the brain disease treatment field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Forgham
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Liwei Liu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jiayuan Zhu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ibrahim Javed
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ruirui Qiao
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Watamura N, Sato K, Shiihashi G, Iwasaki A, Kamano N, Takahashi M, Sekiguchi M, Mihira N, Fujioka R, Nagata K, Hashimoto S, Saito T, Ohshima T, Saido TC, Sasaguri H. An isogenic panel of App knock-in mouse models: Profiling β-secretase inhibition and endosomal abnormalities. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm6155. [PMID: 35675411 PMCID: PMC9177067 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm6155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We previously developed single App knock-in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that harbor the Swedish and Beyreuther/Iberian mutations with or without the Arctic mutation (AppNL-G-F and AppNL-F mice). We have now generated App knock-in mice devoid of the Swedish mutations (AppG-F mice) and evaluated its characteristics. Amyloid β peptide (Aβ) pathology was exhibited by AppG-F mice from 6 to 8 months of age and was accompanied by neuroinflammation. Aβ-secretase inhibitor, verubecestat, attenuated Aβ production in AppG-F mice, but not in AppNL-G-F mice, indicating that the AppG-F mice are more suitable for preclinical studies of β-secretase inhibition given that most patients with AD do not carry the Swedish mutations. Comparison of isogenic App knock-in lines revealed that multiple factors, including elevated C-terminal fragment β (CTF-β) and humanization of Aβ might influence endosomal alterations in vivo. Thus, experimental comparisons between different isogenic App, knock-in mouse lines will provide previously unidentified insights into our understanding of the etiology of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Watamura
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kaori Sato
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Laboratory for Molecular Brain Science, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Gen Shiihashi
- Neurological Institute, Shonan Keiiku Hospital, 4360 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0816, Japan
| | - Ayami Iwasaki
- Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Naoko Kamano
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mika Takahashi
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Misaki Sekiguchi
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naomi Mihira
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ryo Fujioka
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nagata
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shoko Hashimoto
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohshima
- Laboratory for Molecular Brain Science, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Takaomi C. Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sasaguri
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mouse models of Alzheimer's disease for preclinical research. Neurochem Int 2022; 158:105361. [PMID: 35618239 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Most mouse models for preclinical research into Alzheimer's disease (AD) rely on the overexpression paradigm, in which familial AD (FAD)-related genes linked to amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin-1 (PSEN1) are overexpressed. Such mice have been used for over two decades as the first-generation transgenic lines for AD, with animals exhibiting AD pathologies along with additional phenotypes, leading to the serious artifacts. To overcome the intrinsic drawbacks of the overexpression paradigm, we previously developed second-generation mouse models that incorporate humanized amyloid β (Aβ) sequences and several FAD-related mutations on the mouse endogenous App gene. Such models show AD pathologies in an age-dependent manner. In addition, our group recently generated additional lines of mice harboring multiple mutations without gene overexpression; these third-generation models exhibit an accelerated AD pathology compared to earlier generations. In this review, we describe the development and future prospects of AD mouse models in terms of their scientific properties and therapeutic perspectives in the context of the preclinical study of AD.
Collapse
|
5
|
Lai X, Hu J, Liu H, Lan L, Long Y, Gao X, Deng J. A short peptide from sAPPα binding to BACE1-APP action site rescues Alzheimer-like pathology. Neurosci Lett 2021; 770:136397. [PMID: 34915100 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) is the driven force of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and reducing Aβ production could be a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. sAPPα appears to have the ability to specifically inhibit β-cleavage of APP without inhibiting BACE1 completely, direct administration of sAPPα may not be clinically applicable due to the low permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of a short peptide generated from sAPPα, which could specifically bind to BACE1 at the BACE1-APP action site. We found that this peptide significantly reduced Aβ production both in vivo and in vitro, thus further attenuated Aβ deposition, Tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation et al. and rescued behavioral deficits. Therefore, this short peptide may hold promise for the treatment of AD due to its neuroprotective effects, low molecular weight to cross BBB, and less safety concerns. The anti-neurodegenerative capacity of sAPPα may not result solely from direct inhibition of BACE1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lai
- Department of General Medicine and Center of Health Management Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of General Medicine and Center of Health Management Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of General Medicine and Center of Health Management Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Ling Lan
- Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of General Medicine and Center of Health Management Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of General Medicine and Center of Health Management Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Juan Deng
- Department of General Medicine and Center of Health Management Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shah H, Patel A, Parikh V, Nagani A, Bhimani B, Shah U, Bambharoliya T. The β-Secretase Enzyme BACE1: A Biochemical Enigma for Alzheimer's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2021; 19:184-194. [PMID: 32452328 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200526144141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Beta site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is a rational target in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) drug development due to its role in amyloidogenic cleavage of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) in generating Amyloid β (Aβ). This β-secretase cleaves not only Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and its homologues, but also small series of substrates including neuregulin and β subunit of voltage-gated sodium channel that play a very important role in the development and normal function of the brain. Moreover, BACE1 is modulated at the post-translational level by several factors that are associated with both physiological and pathological functions. Since the discovery of BACE1 over a decade ago, medicinal chemistry and pharmacokinetics of BACE1 small molecule inhibitors have proven challenging for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirak Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India
| | - Ashish Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat 388421, India
| | - Vruti Parikh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India
| | - Afzal Nagani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India
| | - Bhargav Bhimani
- Piramal Discovery Solution, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Ahmedabad 382213, India
| | - Umang Shah
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat 388421, India
| | - Tushar Bambharoliya
- Pharmaceutical Polymer Technology, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mathie A, Veale EL, Golluscio A, Holden RG, Walsh Y. Pharmacological Approaches to Studying Potassium Channels. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 267:83-111. [PMID: 34195873 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we consider the pharmacology of potassium channels from the perspective of these channels as therapeutic targets. Firstly, we describe the three main families of potassium channels in humans and disease states where they are implicated. Secondly, we describe the existing therapeutic agents which act on potassium channels and outline why these channels represent an under-exploited therapeutic target with potential for future drug development. Thirdly, we consider the evidence desired in order to embark on a drug discovery programme targeting a particular potassium channel. We have chosen two "case studies": activators of the two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channel TREK-2 (K2P10.1), for the treatment of pain and inhibitors of the voltage-gated potassium channel KV1.3, for use in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. We describe the evidence base to suggest why these are viable therapeutic targets. Finally, we detail the main technical approaches available to characterise the pharmacology of potassium channels and identify novel regulatory compounds. We draw particular attention to the Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay initiative (CiPA, https://cipaproject.org ) project for cardiac safety, as an example of what might be both desirable and possible in the future, for ion channel regulator discovery projects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Mathie
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Kent, UK. .,Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Greenwich, London, UK. .,School of Engineering, Arts, Science and Technology, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK.
| | - Emma L Veale
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Kent, UK.,Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Alessia Golluscio
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Kent, UK.,Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Robyn G Holden
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Kent, UK.,Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Yvonne Walsh
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Kent, UK.,Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang X, Li G, Guo J, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Zhu Y, Cheng J, Yu L, Ji Y, Tao J. Kv1.3 Channel as a Key Therapeutic Target for Neuroinflammatory Diseases: State of the Art and Beyond. Front Neurosci 2020; 13:1393. [PMID: 31992966 PMCID: PMC6971160 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains a challenge for the effective treatment of neuroinflammatory disease, including multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke, epilepsy, and Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. The voltage-gated potassium Kv1.3 channel is of interest, which is considered as a novel therapeutic target for treating neuroinflammatory disorders due to its crucial role in subsets of T lymphocytes as well as microglial cells. Toxic animals, such as sea anemones, scorpions, spiders, snakes, and cone snails, can produce a variety of toxins that act on the Kv1.3 channel. The Stichodactyla helianthus K+ channel blocking toxin (ShK) from the sea anemone S. helianthus is proved as a classical blocker of Kv1.3. One of the synthetic analogs ShK-186, being developed as a therapeutic for autoimmune diseases, has successfully completed first-in-man Phase 1 trials. In addition to addressing the recent progress on the studies underlying the pharmacological characterizations of ShK on MS, the review will also explore the possibility for clinical treatment of ShK-like Kv1.3 blocking polypeptides on other neuroinflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Neurology and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Institute of Biomembrane and Biopharmaceutics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyi Li
- Department of Neurology and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingkang Guo
- Institute of Biomembrane and Biopharmaceutics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Institute of Biomembrane and Biopharmaceutics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzhang Zhang
- Institute of Biomembrane and Biopharmaceutics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yudan Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiwei Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Neurology and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghua Ji
- Institute of Biomembrane and Biopharmaceutics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China,Xinhua Translational Institute for Cancer Pain, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Department of Neurology and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Putuo Clinical Medical School, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bagyinszky E, Kang MJ, Van Giau V, Shim K, Pyun JM, Suh J, An SSA, Kim S. Novel amyloid precursor protein mutation, Val669Leu ("Seoul APP"), in a Korean patient with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 84:236.e1-236.e7. [PMID: 31623876 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel mutation in APP gene, Val669Leu ("Seoul APP"), was reported in a Korean female patient with Alzheimer's disease. She developed cognitive decline at 56 years of age, and her memory declined rapidly over one-year period from her 1st visit to the hospital. Her Mini-Mental State Examination scores dropped from 25/30 to 13/30. Two years later, she developed parkinsonian features, myoclonic jerk, and generalized seizure. As the disease progressed, aggravated diffuse brain atrophy and small-vessel ischemic lesion was also observed, and she became mute and vegetative in 4 years from the symptom onset. Magnetic resonance imaging showed mild medial temporal lobe and hippocampal atrophy, and 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography showed bilateral temporoparietal hypometabolism. Plasma amyloid oligomer analysis revealed highly elevated Aβ oligomers levels in the proband patient. Family history revealed positive without biochemical confirmation because family members testified similar type of cognitive decline from the proband's mother and one of her aunt/uncle. Her half-siblings did not present any signs of memory impairment. Sanger sequencing of the proband patient revealed a novel mutation in APP gene, Val669Leu, but mutation was not found in her unaffected half-sisters. A designed algorithm by Guerreiro et al. on early-onset Alzheimer's disease-associated mutations suggested the mutation as possibly pathogenic mutation. On the other hand, PolyPhen2 and SIFT tools suggested as otherwise. Since the mutation was located nearby the β-secretase cleavage site of APP, right next to the Swedish APP (Lys,Met670/671Asn,Leu) mutation, it was named as "Seoul APP" mutation. 3D modeling revealed that this mutation could result in significant changes in loop orientation of APP and also its intramolecular interactions. Hence, a novel APP Val669Leu mutation could alter the binding interactions between APP and β-secretase, which may influence the Aβ40 and Aβ42 generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bagyinszky
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Kang
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Vo Van Giau
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - KyuHwan Shim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Pyun
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewon Suh
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rahman S, Datta M, Kim J, Jan AT. CRISPR/Cas: An intriguing genomic editing tool with prospects in treating neurodegenerative diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 96:22-31. [PMID: 31102655 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas genome editing tool has led to a revolution in biological research. Its ability to target multiple genomic loci simultaneously allows its application in gene function and genomic manipulation studies. Its involvement in the sequence specific gene editing in different backgrounds has changed the scenario of treating genetic diseases. By unravelling the mysteries behind complex neuronal circuits, it not only paved way in understanding the pathogenesis of the disease but helped in the development of large animal models of different neuronal diseases; thereby opened the gateways of successfully treating different neuronal diseases. This review explored the possibility of using of CRISPR/Cas in engineering DNA at the embryonic stage, as well as during the functioning of different cell types in the brain, to delineate implications related to the use of this super-specialized genome editing tool to overcome various neurodegenerative diseases that arise as a result of genetic mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safikur Rahman
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Manali Datta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, 303007, India
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hategan A, Masliah E, Nath A. HIV and Alzheimer's disease: complex interactions of HIV-Tat with amyloid β peptide and Tau protein. J Neurovirol 2019; 25:648-660. [PMID: 31016584 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-019-00736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the HIV-Tat protein may be continually produced despite adequate antiretroviral therapy. As the HIV-infected population is aging, it is becoming increasingly important to understand how HIV-Tat may interact with proteins such as amyloid β and Tau which accumulate in the aging brain and eventually result in Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we examine the in vivo data from HIV-infected patients and animal models and the in vitro experiments that show how protein complexes between HIV-Tat and amyloid β occur through novel protein-protein interactions and how HIV-Tat may influence the pathways for amyloid β production, degradation, phagocytosis, and transport. HIV-Tat may also induce Tau phosphorylation through a cascade of cellular processes that lead to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, another hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. We also identify gaps in knowledge and future directions for research. Available evidence suggests that HIV-Tat may accelerate Alzheimer-like pathology in patients with HIV infection which cannot be impacted by current antiretroviral therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Hategan
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10; Room 7C-103, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Division of Neuroscience, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, 7201 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Avindra Nath
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10; Room 7C-103, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gong Z, Huang J, Xu B, Ou Z, Zhang L, Lin X, Ye X, Kong X, Long D, Sun X, He X, Xu L, Li Q, Xuan A. Urolithin A attenuates memory impairment and neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:62. [PMID: 30871577 PMCID: PMC6417212 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an abnormal accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neuroinflammation, and impaired neurogenesis. Urolithin A (UA), a gut-microbial metabolite of ellagic acid, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects in the brain. However, it is unknown whether UA exerts its properties of anti-inflammation and neuronal protection in the APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) mouse model of AD. Methods Morris water maze was used to detect the cognitive function. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to detect neuronal apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry analyzed the response of glia, Aβ deposition, and neurogenesis. The expression of inflammatory mediators were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The modulating effects of UA on cell signaling pathways were assayed by Western blotting. Results We demonstrated that UA ameliorated cognitive impairment, prevented neuronal apoptosis, and enhanced neurogenesis in APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, UA attenuated Aβ deposition and peri-plaque microgliosis and astrocytosis in the cortex and hippocampus. We also found that UA affected critical cell signaling pathways, specifically by enhancing cerebral AMPK activation, decreasing the activation of P65NF-κB and P38MAPK, and suppressing Bace1 and APP degradation. Conclusions Our results indicated that UA imparted cognitive protection by protecting neurons from death and triggering neurogenesis via anti-inflammatory signaling in APP/PS1 mice, suggesting that UA might be a promising therapeutic drug to treat AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Gong
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Jingyi Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Biao Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Zhenri Ou
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xiaohong Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xiujuan Ye
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xuejian Kong
- Department of Neurology of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511518, China
| | - Dahong Long
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xiangdong Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xiaosong He
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Aiguo Xuan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of age-dependent dementia, is one of the most significant healthcare problems worldwide. Aggravating this situation, drugs that are currently US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for AD treatment do not prevent or delay disease progression. Therefore, developing effective therapies for AD patients is of critical urgency. Human genetic and clinical studies over the past three decades have indicated that abnormal generation or accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides is a likely culprit in AD pathogenesis. Aβ is generated from amyloid precursor protein (APP) via proteolytic cleavage by β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) (memapsin 2, β-secretase, Asp 2 protease) and γ-secretase. Mice deficient in BACE1 show abrogated production of Aβ. Therefore, pharmacological inhibition of BACE1 is being intensively pursued as a therapeutic approach to treat AD patients. Recent setbacks in clinical trials with BACE1 inhibitors have highlighted the critical importance of understanding how to properly inhibit BACE1 to treat AD patients. This review summarizes the recent studies on the role of BACE1 in synaptic functions as well as our views on BACE1 inhibition as an effective AD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brati Das
- Department of Neuroscience, Room E4032, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030-3401, USA
| | - Riqiang Yan
- Department of Neuroscience, Room E4032, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030-3401, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao X, Wang X, Su G, Sun Q, Fu J, Zhang H, Teng J. The effect of early growth response 1 on levels of Amyloid-β 40 peptide in U87MG cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3514-3519. [PMID: 30548663 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A recent study has shown that early growth response 1 (EGR1) plays a critical role in the β-amyloid cascade and tau hypotheses. In addition, evidence has suggested that EGR1 can regulate levels of amyloid-beta peptides, key molecules in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether EGR1 is a deleterious or protective factor in the AD is still controversial. In this present study, we constructed an overexpression plasmid, CMV-EGFP-EGR1-Kanamycin, and transfected it into U87MG cells to investigate the effects of EGR1 expression on amyloid-β (1-40) peptide (Aβ40) levels. U87MG cells transfected by CMV-EGFP-EGR1-Kanamycin and CMV-EGFP-Kanamycin were assigned, respectively, to experimental and control groups. Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe transfection efficiencies of the plasmids after 6 hours. EGR1 messenger RNA levels were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Aβ40 secretion was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of the amyloid precursor protein, beta-secretase enzyme, and presenilin 1 proteins were analyzed by Western blot analysis. The results showed that EGR1 overexpression increased Aβ40 secretion in vitro, possibly through increasing BACE1 expression. Based on these results, EGR1 might be a promising therapeutic target for the AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang Su
- Department of Neurology, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jitong Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huili Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junfang Teng
- Department of Neurology, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ou Z, Kong X, Sun X, He X, Zhang L, Gong Z, Huang J, Xu B, Long D, Li J, Li Q, Xu L, Xuan A. Metformin treatment prevents amyloid plaque deposition and memory impairment in APP/PS1 mice. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:351-363. [PMID: 29253574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer'sdisease(AD) is characterized by deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ)plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, andneuronal loss, accompaniedbyneuroinflammation. Neuroinflammatoryprocesses are thought to contribute toAD pathophysiology. Metformin has been reported to have anti-inflammatory efficacy. However, whether metformin is responsible for the anti-neuroinflammationand neuroprotection on APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) mice remains unclear. Here we showed that metformin attenuated spatial memory deficit, neuron loss in the hippocampus and enhanced neurogenesis in APP/PS1 mice. In addition, metformin administration decreased amyloid-β (Aβ)plaque load and chronic inflammation (activated microglia and astrocytes as well as pro-inflammatory mediators) in the hippocampus and cortex. Further study demonstrated that treatment with metformin enhanced cerebral AMPK activation. Meanwhile, metformin notably suppressed the activation of P65 NF-κB, mTOR and S6K, reduced Bace1 protein expression. Our data suggest that metformin can exert functional recovery of memory deficits and neuroprotective effect on APP/PS1 mice via triggering neurogenesis and anti-inflammation mediated by regulating AMPK/mTOR/S6K/Bace1 and AMPK/P65 NF-κB signaling pathways in the hippocampus, which may contribute to improvement in neurological deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenri Ou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xuejian Kong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xiangdong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xiaosong He
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Zhuo Gong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jingyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Biao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Dahong Long
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Aiguo Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hou H, Habib A, Zi D, Tian K, Tian J, Giunta B, Sawmiller D, Tan J. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 (LRP1) C4408R Mutant Promotes Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) α-Cleavage in Vitro. Neuromolecular Med 2017; 19:300-308. [PMID: 28612181 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-017-8446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) plays conflicting roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, clearing β-amyloid (Aβ) from the brain while also enhancing APP endocytosis and resultant amyloidogenic processing. We have recently discovered that co-expression of mutant LRP1 C-terminal domain (LRP1-CT C4408R) with Swedish mutant amyloid precursor protein (APPswe) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells decreases Aβ production, while also increasing sAPPα and APP α-C-terminal fragment (α-CTF), compared with CHO cells expressing APPswe alone. Surprisingly, the location of this mutation on LRP1 corresponded with the α-secretase cleavage site of APP. Further experimentation confirmed that in CHO cells expressing APPswe or wild-type APP (APPwt), co-expression of LRP1-CT C4408R decreases Aβ and increases sAPPα and α-CTF compared with co-expression of wild-type LRP1-CT. In addition, LRP1-CT C4408R enhanced the unglycosylated form of LRP1-CT and reduced APP endocytosis as determined by flow cytometry. This finding identifies a point mutation in LRP1 which slows LRP1-CT-mediated APP endocytosis and amyloidogenic processing, while enhancing APP α-secretase cleavage, thus demonstrating a potential novel target for slowing AD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huayan Hou
- Rashid Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Silver Child Development Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Ahsan Habib
- Rashid Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Silver Child Development Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Dan Zi
- Rashid Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Silver Child Development Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 55004, China
| | - Kathy Tian
- Rashid Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Silver Child Development Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Jun Tian
- Rashid Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Silver Child Development Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Brian Giunta
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Darrell Sawmiller
- Rashid Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Silver Child Development Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA.
| | - Jun Tan
- Rashid Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Silver Child Development Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sawmiller D, Li S, Mori T, Habib A, Rongo D, Delic V, Bradshaw PC, Shytle RD, Sanberg C, Bickford P, Tan J. Beneficial effects of a pyrroloquinolinequinone-containing dietary formulation on motor deficiency, cognitive decline and mitochondrial dysfunction in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00279. [PMID: 28413833 PMCID: PMC5384415 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is linked to oxidative stress, altered amyloid precursor protein (APP) proteolysis, tau hyperphosphorylation and the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). A growing body of evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction can be a key promoter of all of these pathologies and predicts that restoration of mitochondrial function might be a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. Therefore, in the present study, we tested the beneficial effect of a nutraceutical formulation Nutrastem II (Nutra II), containing NT020 (a mitochondrial restorative and antioxidant proprietary formulation) and pyrroloquinolinequinone (PQQ, a stimulator of mitochondria biogenesis) in 5XFAD transgenic mice. Animals were fed Nutra II for 12 weeks, starting at 3 months of age, after which behavioral and neuropathological endpoints were determined. The data from behavioral test batteries clearly revealed that dietary supplementation of Nutra II effectively ameliorated the motor deficiency and cognitive impairment of 5XFAD mice. In addition, Nutra II also protected mitochondrial function in 5XFAD mice brain, as evidenced by declined ROS levels and membrane hyperpolarization, together with elevated ATP levels and respiratory states. Interestingly, while Nutra II treatment only slightly reduced soluble Aβ42 levels, this formulation significantly impacted tau metabolism, as shown by reduced total and phosphorylated tau levels of 5XFAD mouse brain. Taken together, these preclinical findings confirm that mitochondrial function may be a key treatment target for AD and that Nutra II should be further investigated as a potential candidate for AD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darrell Sawmiller
- James A. Haley Veteran’s Administration Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Song Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
- Center for Translational Research of Neurology Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Takashi Mori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology, Saitama Medical Center and Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ahsan Habib
- Department of Psychiatry, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - David Rongo
- Department of Psychiatry, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Vedad Delic
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Patrick C. Bradshaw
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - R. Douglas Shytle
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Cyndy Sanberg
- Saneron CCEL Therapeutics, Inc., Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Paula Bickford
- James A. Haley Veteran’s Administration Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Jun Tan
- James A. Haley Veteran’s Administration Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sawmiller D, Habib A, Li S, Darlington D, Hou H, Tian J, Shytle RD, Smith A, Giunta B, Mori T, Tan J. Diosmin reduces cerebral Aβ levels, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment in the 3xTg-AD mice. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 299:98-106. [PMID: 27725131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Naturally-occurring bioactive flavonoids such as diosmin significantly reduces amyloid beta (Aβ) associated pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models. In the present study, oral administration of diosmin reduced cerebral Aβ oligomer levels, tau-hyperphosphorylation and cognitive impairment in the 3xTg-AD mouse model through glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and transient receptor potential canonical 6-related mechanisms. Diosmetin, one major bioactive metabolite of diosmin, increased inhibitory GSK-3β phosphorylation, while selectively reducing γ-secretase activity, Aβ generation, tau hyperphosphorylation and pro-inflammatory activation of microglia in vitro, without altering Notch processing. Therefore, both diosmin and diosmetin could be considered as potential candidates for novel anti-AD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darrell Sawmiller
- Department of Psychiatry, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States; James A. Haley Veteran's Administration Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States.
| | - Ahsan Habib
- Department of Psychiatry, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Song Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States; Center for Translational Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Donna Darlington
- Department of Psychiatry, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Huayan Hou
- Department of Psychiatry, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Psychiatry, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - R Douglas Shytle
- Center for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Adam Smith
- Center for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Brian Giunta
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Takashi Mori
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology, Saitama Medical Center and Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States; James A. Haley Veteran's Administration Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ohno M. Alzheimer's therapy targeting the β-secretase enzyme BACE1: Benefits and potential limitations from the perspective of animal model studies. Brain Res Bull 2016; 126:183-198. [PMID: 27093940 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence points to the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide as the culprit in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). β-Site amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is a protease that is responsible for initiating Aβ production. Although precise mechanisms that trigger Aβ accumulation remain unclear, BACE1 inhibition undoubtedly represents an important intervention that may prevent and/or cure AD. Remarkably, animal model studies with knockouts, virus-delivered small interfering RNAs, immunization and bioavailable small-molecule agents that specifically inhibit BACE1 activity strongly support the idea for the therapeutic BACE1 inhibition. Meanwhile, a growing number of BACE1 substrates besides APP uncover new physiological roles of this protease, raising some concern regarding the safety of BACE1 inhibition. Here, I review recent progress in preclinical studies that have evaluated the efficacies and potential limitations of genetic/pharmacological inhibition of BACE1, with special focus on AD-associated phenotypes including synaptic dysfunction, neuron loss and memory deficits in animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masuo Ohno
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Departments of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|