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Najer A, Kim J, Saunders C, Che J, Baum J, Stevens MM. Enhanced Antimalarial and Antisequestration Activity of Methoxybenzenesulfonate-Modified Biopolymers and Nanoparticles for Tackling Severe Malaria. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:732-745. [PMID: 38271991 PMCID: PMC10862538 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Severe malaria is a life-threatening condition that is associated with a high mortality. Severe Plasmodium falciparum infections are mediated primarily by high parasitemia and binding of infected red blood cells (iRBCs) to the blood vessel endothelial layer, a process known as sequestration. Here, we show that including the 5-amino-2-methoxybenzenesulfonate (AMBS) chemical modification in soluble biopolymers (polyglutamic acid and heparin) and poly(acrylic acid)-exposing nanoparticles serves as a universal tool to introduce a potent parasite invasion inhibitory function in these materials. Importantly, the modification did not add or eliminated (for heparin) undesired anticoagulation activity. The materials protected RBCs from invasion by various parasite strains, employing both major entry pathways. Two further P. falciparum strains, which either expose ligands for chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) or intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) on iRBCs, were tested in antisequestration assays due to their relevance in placental and cerebral malaria, respectively. Antisequestration activity was found to be more efficacious with nanoparticles vs gold-standard soluble biopolymers (CSA and heparin) against both strains, when tested on receptor-coated dishes. The nanoparticles also efficiently inhibited and reversed the sequestration of iRBCs on endothelial cells. First, the materials described herein have the potential to reduce the parasite burden by acting at the key multiplication stage of reinvasion. Second, the antisequestration ability could help remove iRBCs from the blood vessel endothelium, which could otherwise cause vessel obstruction, which in turn can lead to multiple organ failure in severe malaria infections. This approach represents a further step toward creation of adjunctive therapies for this devastating condition to reduce morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Najer
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Junyoung Kim
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Catherine Saunders
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Junyi Che
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Jake Baum
- Department
of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Department of Engineering Science,
and Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
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2
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Costanzo H, Gooch J, Tungsirisurp S, Frascione N. The Development and Characterisation of ssDNA Aptamers via a Modified Cell-SELEX Methodology for the Detection of Human Red Blood Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1814. [PMID: 38339091 PMCID: PMC10855528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood is one of the most commonly found biological fluids at crime scenes, with the detection and identification of blood holding a high degree of evidential value. It can provide not only information about the nature of the crime but can also lead to identification via DNA profiling. Presumptive tests for blood are usually sensitive but not specific, so small amounts of the substrate can be detected, but false-positive results are often encountered, which can be misleading. Novel methods for the detection of red blood cells based on aptamer-target interactions may be able to overcome these issues. Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences capable of undergoing selective antigen association due to three-dimensional structure formation. The use of aptamers as a target-specific moiety poses several advantages and has the potential to replace antibodies within immunoassays. Aptamers are cheaper to produce, display no batch-to-batch variation and can allow for a wide range of chemical modifications. They can help limit cross-reactivity, which is a hindrance to current forensic testing methods. Within this study, a modified Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) process was used to generate aptamers against whole red blood cells. Obtained aptamer pools were analysed via massively parallel sequencing to identify viable sequences that demonstrate a high affinity for the target. Using bioinformatics platforms, aptamer candidates were identified via their enrichment profiles. Binding characterisation was also conducted on two selected aptamer candidates via fluorescent microscopy and qPCR to visualise and quantify aptamer binding. The potential for these aptamers is broad as they can be utilised within a range of bioassays for not only forensic applications but also other analytical science and medical applications. Potential future work includes the incorporation of developed aptamers into a biosensing platform that can be used at crime scenes for the real-time detection of human blood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nunzianda Frascione
- Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (H.C.); (J.G.); (S.T.)
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3
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Kizilkurtlu AA, Demirbas E, Agel HE. Electrochemical aptasensors for pathogenic detection toward point-of-care diagnostics. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:1460-1479. [PMID: 37277950 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A biosensor system refers to a biomedical device, which detects biological, chemical, or biochemical components by converting those signals to an electrical signal by utilizing and uniting physical or chemical transducer with biorecognition elements. An electrochemical biosensor is generally based on the reaction of either production or consumption of electrons under a three-electrode system. Biosensor systems are exploited in a wide range of areas, such as medicine, agriculture, husbandry, food, industry, environment protection, quality control, waste disposal, and the military. Pathogenic infections are the third leading cause of death worldwide after cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective diagnostic tools to control food, water, and soil contamination result in protecting human life and health. Aptamers are peptide or oligonucleotide-based molecules that show very high affinity to their targets that are produced from large pools of random amino acid or oligonucleotide sequences. Generally, aptamers have been utilized for fundamental sciences and clinical implementations for their target-specific affinity and have been intensely exploited for different kinds of biosensor applications for approximately 30 years. The convergence of aptamers with biosensor systems enabled the construction of voltammetric, amperometric, and impedimetric biosensors for the detection of specific pathogens. In this review, electrochemical aptamer biosensors were evaluated by discussing the definition, types, and production techniques of aptamers, the advantages of aptamers as a biological recognition element against their alternatives, and a wide range of aptasensor examples from literature in the detection of specific pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erhan Demirbas
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hatice Esra Agel
- BioNano Functional Materials Technologies Research Group TÜBİTAK - Marmara Research Center, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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4
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Wang L, Wang Y, Hu M, Xi S, Liu R, Cheng M, Dong Y. Potential Universal Engineering Component: Tetracycline Response Nanoswitch Based on Triple Helix-Graphene Oxide. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2119. [PMID: 36557420 PMCID: PMC9784820 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The overuse of antibiotics can lead to the emergence of drug resistance, preventing many common diseases from being effectively treated. Therefore, based on the special composite platform of P1/graphene oxide (GO) and DNA triple helix, a programmable DNA nanoswitch for the quantitative detection of tetracycline (TC) was designed. The introduction of GO as a quenching agent can effectively reduce the background fluorescence; stabilizing the trigger strand with a triplex structure minimizes errors. It is worth mentioning that the designed model has been verified and analyzed by both computer simulation and biological experiments. NUPACK predicts the combined mode and yield of each strand, while visual DSD flexibly predicts the changes in components over time during the reaction. The feasibility analysis preliminarily confirmed the realizability of the designed model, and the optimal reaction conditions were obtained through optimization, which laid the foundation for the subsequent quantitative detection of TC, while the selective experiments in different systems fully demonstrated that the model had excellent specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhui Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Computer Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Mengyang Hu
- College of Computer Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Sunfan Xi
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Rong Liu
- College of Computer Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Meng Cheng
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Yafei Dong
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- College of Computer Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
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5
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Selection of an Aptamer against the Enzyme 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate Reductoisomerase from Plasmodium falciparum. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112515. [PMID: 36432706 PMCID: PMC9695703 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The methyl erythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis is essential for malaria parasites and also for several human pathogenic bacteria, thus representing an interesting target for future antimalarials and antibiotics and for diagnostic strategies. We have developed a DNA aptamer (D10) against Plasmodium falciparum 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR), the second enzyme of this metabolic route. D10 binds in vitro to recombinant DXR from P. falciparum and Escherichia coli, showing at 10 µM a ca. 50% inhibition of the bacterial enzyme. In silico docking analysis indicates that D10 associates with DXR in solvent-exposed regions outside the active center pocket. According to fluorescence confocal microscopy data, this aptamer specifically targets in P. falciparum in vitro cultures the apicoplast organelle where the MEP pathway is localized and is, therefore, a highly specific marker of red blood cells parasitized by Plasmodium vs. naïve erythrocytes. D10 is also selective for the detection of MEP+ bacteria (e.g., E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) vs. those lacking DXR (e.g., Enterococcus faecalis). Based on these results, we discuss the potential of DNA aptamers in the development of ligands that can outcompete the performance of the well-established antibody technology for future therapeutic and diagnostic approaches.
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6
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Chen J, Zhou J, Peng Y, Xie Y, Xiao Y. Aptamers: A prospective tool for infectious diseases diagnosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24725. [PMID: 36245423 PMCID: PMC9701868 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that people's health is seriously threatened by various pathogens (such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Treponema pallidum, Novel coronavirus, HIV, Mucor, etc.), which leads to heavy socioeconomic burdens. Therefore, early and accurate pathogen diagnosis is essential for timely and effective therapies. Up to now, diagnosing human contagious diseases at molecule and nano levels is remarkably difficult owing to insufficient valid probes when it comes to determining the biological markers of pathogens. Aptamers are a set of high‐specificity and high‐sensitivity plastic oligonucleotides screened in vitro via the selective expansion of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). With the advent of aptamer‐based technologies, their merits have aroused mounting academic interest. In recent years, as new detection and treatment tools, nucleic acid aptamers have been extensively utilized in the field of biomedicine, such as pathogen detection, new drug development, clinical diagnosis, nanotechnology, etc. However, the traditional SELEX method is cumbersome and has a long screening cycle, and it takes several months to screen out aptamers with high specificity. With the persistent development of SELEX‐based aptamer screening technologies, the application scenarios of aptamers have become more and more extensive. The present research briefly reviews the research progress of nucleic acid aptamers in the field of biomedicine, especially in the diagnosis of contagious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jiahuan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yunchi Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yafeng Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yongjian Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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7
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Lim H, Chang J, Kim KI, Moon Y, Lee S, Lee B, Lee JH, Lee J. On-chip selection of adenosine aptamer using graphene oxide-coated magnetic nanoparticles. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:044102. [PMID: 35909647 PMCID: PMC9337878 DOI: 10.1063/5.0095419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) is a method that is generally used for developing aptamers, which have arisen the promising alternatives for antibodies. However, conventional SELEX methods have limitations, such as a limited selection of target molecules, time-consuming and complex fabrication processes, and labor-intensive processes, which result in low selection yields. Here, we used (i) graphene oxide (GO)-coated magnetic nanoparticles in the selection process for separation and label-free detection and (ii) a multilayered microfluidic device manufactured using a three-dimensionally printed mold that is equipped with automated control valves to achieve precise fluid flows. The developed on-chip aptamer selection device and GO-coated magnetic nanoparticles were used to screen aptamer candidates for adenosine in eight cycles of the selection process within approximately 2 h for each cycle. Based on results from isothermal titration calorimetry, an aptamer with a dissociation constant of 18.6 ± 1.5 μM was selected. Therefore, the on-chip platform based on GO-coated magnetic nanoparticles provides a novel label-free screening technology for biosensors and micro/nanobiotechnology for achieving high-quality aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junhyuck Chang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-il Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkwang Moon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Saebom Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungsang Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Heon Lee
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:, Tel.: +82-31-290-7404 and , Tel.: +82-31-299-4845
| | - Jinkee Lee
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:, Tel.: +82-31-290-7404 and , Tel.: +82-31-299-4845
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8
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Hoetzel J, Suess B. Structural changes in aptamers are essential for synthetic riboswitch engineering. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167631. [PMID: 35595164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic riboswitches are powerful tools in synthetic biology in which sensing and execution are consolidated in a single RNA molecule. By using SELEX to select aptamers in vitro, synthetic riboswitches can in theory be engineered against any ligand of choice. Surprisingly, very few in vitro selected aptamers have been used for the engineering of synthetic riboswitches. In-depth studies of these aptamers suggest that the key characteristics of such regulatory active RNAs are their structural switching abilities and their binding dynamics. Conventional SELEX approaches seem to be inadequate to select for these characteristics, which may explain the lack of in vitro selected aptamers suited for engineering of synthetic riboswitches. In this review, we explore the functional principles of synthetic riboswitches, identify key characteristics of regulatory active in vitro selected aptamers and integrate these findings in context with available in vitro selection methods. Based on these insights, we propose to use a combination of capture-SELEX and subsequent functional screening for a more successful in vitro selection of aptamers that can be applied for the engineering of synthetic riboswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Hoetzel
- Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 10, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. https://www.twitter.com/J_Hoetzel
| | - Beatrix Suess
- Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 10, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany; Center for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany.
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Cha H, Fallahi H, Dai Y, Yuan D, An H, Nguyen NT, Zhang J. Multiphysics microfluidics for cell manipulation and separation: a review. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:423-444. [PMID: 35048916 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00869b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiphysics microfluidics, which combines multiple functional physical processes in a microfluidics platform, is an emerging research area that has attracted increasing interest for diverse biomedical applications. Multiphysics microfluidics is expected to overcome the limitations of individual physical phenomena through combining their advantages. Furthermore, multiphysics microfluidics is superior for cell manipulation due to its high precision, better sensitivity, real-time tunability, and multi-target sorting capabilities. These exciting features motivate us to review this state-of-the-art field and reassess the feasibility of coupling multiple physical processes. To confine the scope of this paper, we mainly focus on five common forces in microfluidics: inertial lift, elastic, dielectrophoresis (DEP), magnetophoresis (MP), and acoustic forces. This review first explains the working mechanisms of single physical phenomena. Next, we classify multiphysics techniques in terms of cascaded connections and physical coupling, and we elaborate on combinations of designs and working mechanisms in systems reported in the literature to date. Finally, we discuss the possibility of combining multiple physical processes and associated design schemes and propose several promising future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Cha
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Hedieh Fallahi
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Yuchen Dai
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Dan Yuan
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Hongjie An
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
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10
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Molecular mechanisms of hematological and biochemical alterations in malaria: A review. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2021; 247:111446. [PMID: 34953384 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2021.111446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a dangerous disease that contributes to millions of hospital visits and hundreds of thousands of deaths, especially in children residing in sub-Saharan Africa. Although several interventions such as vector control, case detection, and treatment are already in place, there is no substantive reduction in the disease burden. Several studies in the past have reported the emergence of resistant strains of malaria parasites (MPs) and mosquitoes, and poor adherence and inaccessibility to effective antimalarial drugs as the major factors for this persistent menace of malaria infections. Moreover, victory against MP infections for many years has been hampered by an incomplete understanding of the complex nature of malaria pathogenesis. Very recent studies have identified different complex interactions and hematological alterations induced by malaria parasites. However, no studies have hybridized these alterations for a better understanding of Malaria pathogenesis. Hence, this review thoroughly discusses the molecular mechanisms of all reported hematological and biochemical alterations induced by MPs infections. Specifically, the mechanisms in which MP-infection induces anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, dyslipidemia, hypoglycemia, oxidative stress, and liver and kidney malfunctions were presented. The study also discussed how MPs evade the host's immune response and suggested strategies to limit evasion of the host's immune response to combat malaria and its complications.
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Brilhante-da-Silva N, do Nascimento Martinez L, de Oliveira Sousa RM, dos Santos Pereira S, Teles CBG. Innovations in Plasmodium spp . diagnosis on diverse detection platforms. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:505. [PMID: 34881167 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, 229 million cases of malaria were recorded worldwide. For epidemiologic surveillance and proper treatment of persons infected with Plasmodium spp., rapid detection of infections by Plasmodium spp. is critical. Thus, Plasmodium spp. diagnosis is one of the indispensable measures for malaria control. Although microscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis, it has restrictions related mainly to the lack of qualified human resources, which is a problem in many regions. Thus, this review presents major innovations in diagnostic methods as alternatives to or complementary to microscopy. Detection platforms in lateral flow systems, electrochemical immunosensors, molecular biology and, more recently, those integrated with smartphones, are highlighted, among others. The advanced improvement of these tests aims to provide techniques that are sensitive and specific, but also quick, easy to handle and free from the laboratory environment. In this way, the tracking of malaria cases can become increasingly effective and contribute to controlling the disease.
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Thorne N, Flores-Olazo L, Egoávil-Espejo R, Vela EA, Noel J, Valdivia-Silva J, van Noort D. Systematic Review: Microfluidics and Plasmodium. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12101245. [PMID: 34683295 PMCID: PMC8538353 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Malaria affects 228 million people worldwide each year, causing severe disease and worsening the conditions of already vulnerable populations. In this review, we explore how malaria has been detected in the past and how it can be detected in the future. Our primary focus is on finding new directions for low-cost diagnostic methods that unspecialized personnel can apply in situ. Through this review, we show that microfluidic devices can help pre-concentrate samples of blood infected with malaria to facilitate the diagnosis. Importantly, these devices can be made cheaply and be readily deployed in remote locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Thorne
- Centro de Investigación en Bioingeniería, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia (UTEC), 15063 Lima, Peru; (L.F.-O.); (R.E.-E.); (E.A.V.); (J.N.); (J.V.-S.)
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (D.v.N.)
| | - Luis Flores-Olazo
- Centro de Investigación en Bioingeniería, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia (UTEC), 15063 Lima, Peru; (L.F.-O.); (R.E.-E.); (E.A.V.); (J.N.); (J.V.-S.)
| | - Rocío Egoávil-Espejo
- Centro de Investigación en Bioingeniería, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia (UTEC), 15063 Lima, Peru; (L.F.-O.); (R.E.-E.); (E.A.V.); (J.N.); (J.V.-S.)
| | - Emir A. Vela
- Centro de Investigación en Bioingeniería, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia (UTEC), 15063 Lima, Peru; (L.F.-O.); (R.E.-E.); (E.A.V.); (J.N.); (J.V.-S.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia (UTEC), 15063 Lima, Peru
| | - Julien Noel
- Centro de Investigación en Bioingeniería, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia (UTEC), 15063 Lima, Peru; (L.F.-O.); (R.E.-E.); (E.A.V.); (J.N.); (J.V.-S.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia (UTEC), 15063 Lima, Peru
| | - Julio Valdivia-Silva
- Centro de Investigación en Bioingeniería, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia (UTEC), 15063 Lima, Peru; (L.F.-O.); (R.E.-E.); (E.A.V.); (J.N.); (J.V.-S.)
| | - Danny van Noort
- Centro de Investigación en Bioingeniería, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia (UTEC), 15063 Lima, Peru; (L.F.-O.); (R.E.-E.); (E.A.V.); (J.N.); (J.V.-S.)
- Biotechnology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (D.v.N.)
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13
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Liu Y, Wang N, Chan CW, Lu A, Yu Y, Zhang G, Ren K. The Application of Microfluidic Technologies in Aptamer Selection. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:730035. [PMID: 34604229 PMCID: PMC8484746 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.730035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are sequences of single-strand oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA) with potential binding capability to specific target molecules, which are increasingly used as agents for analysis, diagnosis, and medical treatment. Aptamers are generated by a selection method named systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). Numerous SELEX methods have been developed for aptamer selections. However, the conventional SELEX methods still suffer from high labor intensity, low operation efficiency, and low success rate. Thus, the applications of aptamer with desired properties are limited. With their advantages of low cost, high speed, and upgraded extent of automation, microfluidic technologies have become promising tools for rapid and high throughput aptamer selection. This paper reviews current progresses of such microfluidic systems for aptamer selection. Comparisons of selection performances with discussions on principles, structure, operations, as well as advantages and limitations of various microfluidic-based aptamer selection methods are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Nijia Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Chiu-Wing Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Kangning Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR China
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14
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Navien TN, Yeoh TS, Anna A, Tang TH, Citartan M. Aptamers isolated against mosquito-borne pathogens. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:131. [PMID: 34240263 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases are a major threat to public health. The shortcomings of diagnostic tools, especially those that are antibody-based, have been blamed in part for the rising annual morbidity and mortality caused by these diseases. Antibodies harbor a number of disadvantages that can be clearly addressed by aptamers as the more promising molecular recognition elements. Aptamers are defined as single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides generated by SELEX that exhibit high binding affinity and specificity against a wide variety of target molecules based on their unique structural conformations. A number of aptamers were developed against mosquito-borne pathogens such as Dengue virus, Zika virus, Chikungunya virus, Plasmodium parasite, Francisella tularensis, Japanese encephalitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Rift Valley fever virus and Yellow fever virus. Intrigued by these achievements, we carry out a comprehensive overview of the aptamers developed against these mosquito-borne infectious agents. Characteristics of the aptamers and their roles in diagnostic, therapeutic as well as other applications are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tholasi Nadhan Navien
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Tzi Shien Yeoh
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Andrew Anna
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Thean-Hock Tang
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Marimuthu Citartan
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
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15
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Kalyan S, Torabi C, Khoo H, Sung HW, Choi SE, Wang W, Treutler B, Kim D, Hur SC. Inertial Microfluidics Enabling Clinical Research. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:257. [PMID: 33802356 PMCID: PMC7999476 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fast and accurate interrogation of complex samples containing diseased cells or pathogens is important to make informed decisions on clinical and public health issues. Inertial microfluidics has been increasingly employed for such investigations to isolate target bioparticles from liquid samples with size and/or deformability-based manipulation. This phenomenon is especially useful for the clinic, owing to its rapid, label-free nature of target enrichment that enables further downstream assays. Inertial microfluidics leverages the principle of inertial focusing, which relies on the balance of inertial and viscous forces on particles to align them into size-dependent laminar streamlines. Several distinct microfluidic channel geometries (e.g., straight, curved, spiral, contraction-expansion array) have been optimized to achieve inertial focusing for a variety of purposes, including particle purification and enrichment, solution exchange, and particle alignment for on-chip assays. In this review, we will discuss how inertial microfluidics technology has contributed to improving accuracy of various assays to provide clinically relevant information. This comprehensive review expands upon studies examining both endogenous and exogenous targets from real-world samples, highlights notable hybrid devices with dual functions, and comments on the evolving outlook of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivathsan Kalyan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.K.); (C.T.); (H.K.); (S.-E.C.)
| | - Corinna Torabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.K.); (C.T.); (H.K.); (S.-E.C.)
| | - Harrison Khoo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.K.); (C.T.); (H.K.); (S.-E.C.)
| | - Hyun Woo Sung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
| | - Sung-Eun Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.K.); (C.T.); (H.K.); (S.-E.C.)
| | - Wenzhao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (W.W.); (B.T.)
| | - Benjamin Treutler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (W.W.); (B.T.)
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin-si 17508, Korea
| | - Soojung Claire Hur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.K.); (C.T.); (H.K.); (S.-E.C.)
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, 401 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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16
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Hosseini SMH, Bassami MR, Haghparast A, Sankian M, Hashemi Tabar G. Identification of Aptamers that Specifically Bind to A 1 Antigen by Performing Cell-on Human Erythrocytes. Galen Med J 2020; 9:e1657. [PMID: 34466563 PMCID: PMC8343710 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The apply of aptamers as a new generation's way to probe diagnostic for the detection of target molecules has gained ground. Aptamers can be used as alternatives to diagnostic antibodies for detection of blood groups due to their unique features. This study was aimed to produce DNA diagnostic aptamer detecting the antigen of A1 blood group using the Cell-Selex method. Materials and Methods DNA aptamer was isolated against A1 RBC antigen after ten stages of Cell-Selex and amplification by an asymmetric polymerase chain reaction. The progress of the stages of selection was evaluated using flow cytometry analysis, which the DNA aptamer isolated from the tenth cycle with an affinity of 70% fluorescent intensity, was selected from four positive colonies followed by determination of the sequences and secondary structures. Results The aptameric sequence obtained from C4 cloning was calculated with the highest binding affinity to A1 antigen having an apparent dissociation constant (Kd value) of at least 29.5 ± 4.3 Pmol, which was introduced as the selected aptamer-based on ΔG obtained from a colony of C4 equal to -13.13. Conclusion The aptamer obtained from using Cell-Selex method could be used as an example for the development of diagnostic tools such as biosensors for detecting A1 blood group antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Hasan Hosseini
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Bassami
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Haghparast
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sankian
- Immunology Research Center, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hashemi Tabar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Correspondence to: Gholamreza Hashemi Tabar, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Telephone Number: + 985118763851 Email Address:
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17
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Oteng EK, Gu W, McKeague M. High-efficiency enrichment enables identification of aptamers to circulating Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9706. [PMID: 32546848 PMCID: PMC7298056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum is the causative agent of the deadliest human malaria. New molecules are needed that can specifically bind to erythrocytes that are infected with P. falciparum for diagnostic purposes, to disrupt host-parasite interactions, or to deliver chemotherapeutics. Aptamer technology has the potential to revolutionize biological diagnostics and therapeutics; however, broad adoption is hindered by the high failure rate of the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). Here we performed parallel SELEX experiments to compare the impact of two different methods for single-strand recovery on the efficiency of aptamer enrichment. Our experimental results and analysis of SELEX publications spanning 13 years implicate the alkaline denaturation step as a significant cause for inefficient aptamer selection. Thus, we applied an exonuclease single-strand recovery step in our SELEX to direct aptamers to the surface of erythrocytes infected with P. falciparum. The selected aptamers bind with high affinity (low nanomolar Kd values) and selectivity to exposed surface proteins of both laboratory parasite strains as well isolates from patients in Asia and Africa with clinical malaria. The results obtained in this study potentially open new approaches to malaria diagnosis and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene K Oteng
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, 20852, USA.
| | - Wenjuan Gu
- Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Maureen McKeague
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Prom. Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
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18
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Aptamers as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic tool and their potential use in parasitology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 40:148-165. [PMID: 32463617 PMCID: PMC7449109 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Los aptámeros son secuencias de ADN o ARN de cadena sencilla que adoptan la forma de estructuras tridimensionales únicas, lo cual les permite reconocer un blanco específico con gran afinidad. Sus usos potenciales abarcan, entre otros, el diagnóstico de enfermedades, el desarrollo de nuevos agentes terapéuticos, la detección de riesgos alimentarios, la producción de biosensores, la detección de toxinas, el transporte de fármacos en el organismo y la señalización de nanopartículas. El pegaptanib es el único aptámero aprobado para uso comercial por la Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Otros aptámeros para el tratamiento de enfermedades están en la fase clínica de desarrollo. En parasitología, se destacan los estudios que se vienen realizando en Leishmania spp., con la obtención de aptámeros que reconocen la proteína de unión a poliA (LiPABP) y que pueden tener potencial utilidad en la investigación, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la leishmaniasis. En cuanto a la malaria, se han obtenido aptámeros que permiten identificar eritrocitos infectados e inhiben la formación de rosetas, y otros que prometen ser alternativas para el diagnóstico al detectar de forma específica la proteína lactato deshidrogenasa (PfLDH). Para Cryptosporidium parvuum se han seleccionado aptámeros que detectan ooquistes a partir de alimentos o aguas contaminadas. Para Entamoeba histolytica se han aislado dos aptámeros llamados C4 y C5, que inhiben la proliferación in vitro de los trofozoítos y tienen potencial terapéutico. Los aptámeros contra Trypanosoma cruzi inhiben la invasión de células LLC-MK2 (de riñón de mono) en un 50 a 70 % y aquellos contra T. brucei transportan moléculas tóxicas al lisosoma parasitario como una novedosa estrategia terapéutica. Los datos recopilados en esta revisión destacan los aptámeros como una alternativa para la investigación, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento contra parásitos de interés nacional.
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19
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Hochstetter A. Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies for the Single Cell Level: Separation, Analysis, and Diagnostics. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E468. [PMID: 32365567 PMCID: PMC7281269 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last three decades, microfluidics and its applications have been on an exponential rise, including approaches to isolate rare cells and diagnose diseases on the single-cell level. The techniques mentioned herein have already had significant impacts in our lives, from in-the-field diagnosis of disease and parasitic infections, through home fertility tests, to uncovering the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and their host cells. This review gives an overview of the field in general and the most notable developments of the last five years, in three parts: 1. What can we detect? 2. Which detection technologies are used in which setting? 3. How do these techniques work? Finally, this review discusses potentials, shortfalls, and an outlook on future developments, especially in respect to the funding landscape and the field-application of these chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Hochstetter
- Experimentalphysik, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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20
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Krampa FD, Aniweh Y, Kanyong P, Awandare GA. Recent Advances in the Development of Biosensors for Malaria Diagnosis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E799. [PMID: 32024098 PMCID: PMC7038750 DOI: 10.3390/s20030799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact of malaria on global health has continually prompted the need to develop more effective diagnostic strategies that could overcome deficiencies in accurate and early detection. In this review, we examine the various biosensor-based methods for malaria diagnostic biomarkers, namely; Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP-2), parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH), aldolase, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and the biocrystal hemozoin. The models that demonstrate a potential for field application have been discussed, looking at the fabrication and analytical performance characteristics, including (but not exclusively limited to): response time, sensitivity, detection limit, linear range, and storage stability, which are first summarized in a tabular form and then described in detail. The conclusion summarizes the state-of-the-art technologies applied in the field, the current challenges and the emerging prospects for malaria biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis D. Krampa
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana; (Y.A.); (P.K.); (G.A.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 54, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yaw Aniweh
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana; (Y.A.); (P.K.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Prosper Kanyong
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana; (Y.A.); (P.K.); (G.A.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Gordon A. Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana; (Y.A.); (P.K.); (G.A.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 54, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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21
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Mamet N, Amir Y, Lavi E, Bassali L, Harari G, Rusinek I, Skalka N, Debby E, Greenberg M, Zamir A, Paz A, Reiss N, Loewenthal G, Avivi I, Shimoni A, Neev G, Abu-Horowitz A, Bachelet I. Discovery of tumoricidal DNA oligonucleotides by response-directed in vitro evolution. Commun Biol 2020; 3:29. [PMID: 31941992 PMCID: PMC6962221 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery is challenged by ineffectiveness of drugs against variable and evolving diseases, and adverse effects due to poor selectivity. We describe a robust platform which potentially addresses these limitations. The platform enables rapid discovery of DNA oligonucleotides evolved in vitro for exerting specific and selective biological responses in target cells. The process operates without a priori target knowledge (mutations, biomarkers, etc). We report the discovery of oligonucleotides with direct, selective cytotoxicity towards cell lines, as well as patient-derived solid and hematological tumors. A specific oligonucleotide termed E8, induced selective apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Polyethylene glycol-modified E8 exhibited favorable biodistribution in animals, persisting in tumors up to 48-hours after injection. E8 inhibited tumors by 50% within 10 days of treatment in patient-derived xenograft mice, and was effective in ex vivo organ cultures from chemotherapy-resistant TNBC patients. These findings highlight a drug discovery model which is target-tailored and on-demand. Noam Mamet et al. describe a platform for rapid de novo discovery of DNA oligonucleotides that directly and selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells. They report target-tailored discovery of tumoricidal oligonucleotides against tumor cell lines as well as patient-derived tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Mamet
- Augmanity, Rehovot, Israel.,Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yaniv Amir
- Aummune, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Erez Lavi
- Aummune, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Nir Skalka
- Aummune, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elinor Debby
- Aummune, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Anastasia Paz
- Aummune, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Neria Reiss
- Aummune, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Irit Avivi
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avichai Shimoni
- BMT Department, Division of Hematology, Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Guy Neev
- Aummune, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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22
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23
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Linzke M, Yan SLR, Tárnok A, Ulrich H, Groves MR, Wrenger C. Live and Let Dye: Visualizing the Cellular Compartments of the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Cytometry A 2019; 97:694-705. [PMID: 31738009 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Malaria remains one of the deadliest diseases worldwide and it is caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium spp. Parasite visualization is an important tool for the correct detection of malarial cases but also to understand its biology. Advances in visualization techniques promote new insights into the complex life cycle and biology of Plasmodium parasites. Live cell imaging by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry are the foundation of the visualization technique for malaria research. In this review, we present an overview of possibilities in live cell imaging of the malaria parasite. We discuss some of the state-of-the-art techniques to visualize organelles and processes of the parasite and discuss limitation and advantages of each technique. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Linzke
- Unit for Drug Discovery, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 1374, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Sun Liu Rei Yan
- Unit for Drug Discovery, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 1374, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Attila Tárnok
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University Leipzig, D-04107, Härtelstraße 16-18, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Matthew R Groves
- Structural Biology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, 9713AV, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten Wrenger
- Unit for Drug Discovery, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 1374, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
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24
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Wei Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, Dong Y. An Enzyme- and Label-Free Fluorescence Aptasensor for Detection of Thrombin Based on Graphene Oxide and G-Quadruplex. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E4424. [PMID: 31614837 PMCID: PMC6832557 DOI: 10.3390/s19204424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme- and label-free aptamer-based assay is described for the determination of thrombin. A DNA strand (S) consisting of two parts was designed, where the first (Sa) is the thrombin-binding aptamer and the second (Se) is a G-quadruplex. In the absence of thrombin, Sa is readily adsorbed by graphene oxide (GO), which has a preference for ss-DNA rather than for ds-DNA. Upon the addition of the N-methyl-mesoporphyrin IX (NMM), its fluorescence (with excitation/emission at 399/610 nm) is quenched by GO. In contrast, in the presence of thrombin, the aptamer will bind thrombin, and thus, be separated from GO. As a result, fluorescence will be enhanced. The increase is linear in the 0.37 µM to 50 µM thrombin concentration range, and the detection limit is 0.37 nM. The method is highly selective over other proteins, cost-effective, and simple. In our perception, it represents a universal detection scheme that may be applied to other targets according to the proper choice of the aptamer sequence and formation of a suitable aptamer-target pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi´an 710119, China.
| | - Luhui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi´an 710119, China.
| | - Yingying Zhang
- School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi´an 710119, China.
| | - Yafei Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi´an 710119, China.
- School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi´an 710119, China.
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25
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Kaur H, Shorie M. Nanomaterial based aptasensors for clinical and environmental diagnostic applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:2123-2138. [PMID: 36131986 PMCID: PMC9418768 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00153k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have been exploited extensively to fabricate various biosensors for clinical diagnostics and food & environmental monitoring. These materials in conjugation with highly specific aptamers (next-gen antibody mimics) have enhanced the selectivity, sensitivity and rapidness of the developed aptasensors for numerous targets ranging from small molecules such as heavy metal ions to complex matrices containing large entities like cells. In this review, we highlight the recent advancements in nanomaterial based aptasensors from the past five years also including the basics of conventionally used detection methodologies that paved the way for futuristic sensing techniques. The aptasensors have been categorised based upon these detection techniques and their modifications viz., colorimetric, fluorometric, Raman spectroscopy, electro-chemiluminescence, voltammetric, impedimetric and mechanical force-based sensing of a multitude of targets are discussed in detail. The bio-interaction of these numerous nanomaterials with the aptameric component and that of the complete aptasensor with the target have been studied in great depth. This review thus acts as a compendium for nanomaterial based aptasensors and their applications in the field of clinical and environmental diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmanjit Kaur
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology Mohali 160062 India
| | - Munish Shorie
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology Mohali 160062 India
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Chuan D, Jin T, Fan R, Zhou L, Guo G. Chitosan for gene delivery: Methods for improvement and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 268:25-38. [PMID: 30933750 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising strategy for treating challenging diseases. The successful delivery of genes is a critical step for gene therapy. However, concerns about immunogenicity and toxicity are the main obstacles against the widespread use of effective viral systems. Therefore, nonviral vectors are regarded as good alternatives to viral vectors. Chitosan is a natural cationic polysaccharide that could be used to create nonviral gene delivery vectors. Various methods have been developed to improve the properties of chitosan related to gene delivery. This review introduces the features of chitosan in gene delivery, summarizes current progress toward methods promoting the properties of chitosan related to gene delivery, and presents different applications of chitosan in gene delivery vectors. Finally, future prospects of gene vectors based on chitosan are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Rangrang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Gang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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Liu N, Petchakup C, Tay HM, Li KHH, Hou HW. Spiral Inertial Microfluidics for Cell Separation and Biomedical Applications. Bioanalysis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6229-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Advances on Aptamers against Protozoan Parasites. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9120584. [PMID: 30487456 PMCID: PMC6316487 DOI: 10.3390/genes9120584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences with a unique three-dimensional structure that allows them to recognize a particular target with high affinity. Although their specific recognition activity could make them similar to monoclonal antibodies, their ability to bind to a large range of non-immunogenic targets greatly expands their potential as tools for diagnosis, therapeutic agents, detection of food risks, biosensors, detection of toxins, drug carriers, and nanoparticle markers, among others. One aptamer named Pegaptanib is currently used for treating macular degeneration associated with age, and many other aptamers are in different clinical stages of development of evaluation for various human diseases. In the area of parasitology, research on aptamers has been growing rapidly in the past few years. Here we describe the development of aptamers raised against the main protozoan parasites that affect hundreds of millions of people in underdeveloped and developing countries, remaining a major health concern worldwide, i.e. Trypanosoma spp., Plasmodium spp., Leishmania spp., Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium parvuum. The latest progress made in this area confirmed that DNA and RNA aptamers represent attractive alternative molecules in the search for new tools to detect and treat these parasitic infections that affect human health worldwide.
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Nys G, Fillet M. Microfluidics contribution to pharmaceutical sciences: From drug discovery to post marketing product management. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:348-362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Pham NM, Karlen W, Beck HP, Delamarche E. Malaria and the 'last' parasite: how can technology help? Malar J 2018; 17:260. [PMID: 29996831 PMCID: PMC6042346 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria, together with HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and hepatitis are the four most deadly infectious diseases globally. Progress in eliminating malaria has saved millions of lives, but also creates new challenges in detecting the 'last parasite'. Effective and accurate detection of malaria infections, both in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals are needed. In this review, the current progress in developing new diagnostic tools to fight malaria is presented. An ideal rapid test for malaria elimination is envisioned with examples to demonstrate how innovative technologies can assist the global defeat against this disease. Diagnostic gaps where technology can bring an impact to the elimination campaign for malaria are identified. Finally, how a combination of microfluidic-based technologies and smartphone-based read-outs could potentially represent the next generation of rapid diagnostic tests is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Minh Pham
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Lengghalde 5, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Karlen
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Lengghalde 5, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Beck
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Petersgraben 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland.
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Mazaafrianto DN, Maeki M, Ishida A, Tani H, Tokeshi M. Recent Microdevice-Based Aptamer Sensors. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E202. [PMID: 30424135 PMCID: PMC6187364 DOI: 10.3390/mi9050202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) method was developed, aptamers have made significant contributions as bio-recognition sensors. Microdevice systems allow for low reagent consumption, high-throughput of samples, and disposability. Due to these advantages, there has been an increasing demand to develop microfluidic-based aptasensors for analytical technique applications. This review introduces the principal concepts of aptasensors and then presents some advanced applications of microdevice-based aptasensors on several platforms. Highly sensitive detection techniques, such as electrochemical and optical detection, have been integrated into lab-on-a-chip devices and researchers have moved towards the goal of establishing point-of-care diagnoses for target analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donny Nugraha Mazaafrianto
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Masatoshi Maeki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Ishida
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Tani
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Manabu Tokeshi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
- ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
- Innovative Research Center for Preventive Medical Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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Targeting the polyadenylation factor EhCFIm25 with RNA aptamers controls survival in Entamoeba histolytica. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5720. [PMID: 29632392 PMCID: PMC5890266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23997-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA 3'-end polyadenylation is an important regulator of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. In our search for new ways of treating parasitic infectious diseases, we looked at whether or not alterations in polyadenylation might control the survival of Entamoeba histolytica (the agent of amoebiasis in humans). We used molecular biology and computational tools to characterize the mRNA cleavage factor EhCFIm25, which is essential for polyadenylation in E. histolytica. By using a strategy based on the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, we identified single-stranded RNA aptamers that target EhCFIm25. The results of RNA-protein binding assays showed that EhCFIm25 binds to the GUUG motif in vitro, which differs from the UGUA motif bound by the homologous human protein. Accordingly, docking experiments and molecular dynamic simulations confirmed that interaction with GUUG stabilizes EhCFIm25. Incubating E. histolytica trophozoites with selected aptamers inhibited parasite proliferation and rapidly led to cell death. Overall, our data indicate that targeting EhCFIm25 is an effective way of limiting the growth of E. histolytica in vitro. The present study is the first to have highlighted the potential value of RNA aptamers for controlling this human pathogen.
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Zhou Z, Liu M, Jiang J. The potential of aptamers for cancer research. Anal Biochem 2018; 549:91-95. [PMID: 29548926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are promising alternatives to antibodies and can be used as high affinity agents for the cancer detection and the targeted drug transportation. In this manuscript, we highlight the advantages of aptamers, such as high affinities, specificity and excellent chemical stabilities, which are likely to benefit for the diagnosis of cancer in its early stages and then achieve molecular-level treatment. Also, we discuss the challenges and problems in the current application of aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Mingying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jiahuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Delley CL, Liu L, Sarhan MF, Abate AR. Combined aptamer and transcriptome sequencing of single cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2919. [PMID: 29440771 PMCID: PMC5811598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptome and proteome encode distinct information that is important for characterizing heterogeneous biological systems. We demonstrate a method to simultaneously characterize the transcriptomes and proteomes of single cells at high throughput using aptamer probes and droplet-based single cell sequencing. With our method, we differentiate distinct cell types based on aptamer surface binding and gene expression patterns. Aptamers provide advantages over antibodies for single cell protein characterization, including rapid, in vitro, and high-purity generation via SELEX, and the ability to amplify and detect them with PCR and sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille L Delley
- Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94158, California, USA
| | - Leqian Liu
- Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94158, California, USA
| | - Maen F Sarhan
- Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94158, California, USA
| | - Adam R Abate
- Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94158, California, USA. .,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94158, California, USA. .,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, 94158, California, USA.
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35
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Liu M, Yu X, Chen Z, Yang T, Yang D, Liu Q, Du K, Li B, Wang Z, Li S, Deng Y, He N. Aptamer selection and applications for breast cancer diagnostics and therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:81. [PMID: 29132385 PMCID: PMC5683342 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0311-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are short non-coding, single-stranded oligonucleotides (RNA or DNA) developed through Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment (SELEX) in vitro. Similar to antibodies, aptamers can bind to specific targets with high affinity, and are considered promising therapeutic agents as they have several advantages over antibodies, including high specificity, stability, and non-immunogenicity. Furthermore, aptamers can be produced at a low cost and easily modified, and are, therefore, called "chemical antibodies". In the past years, a variety of aptamers specifically bound to both breast cancer biomarkers and cells had been selected. Besides, taking advantage of nanomaterials, there were a number of aptamer-nanomaterial conjugates been developed and widely investigated for diagnostics and targeted therapy of breast cancer. In this short review, we first present a systematical review of various aptamer selection methods. Then, various aptamer-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of breast cancer were provided. Finally, the current problems, challenges, and future perspectives in the field were thoroughly discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/chemistry
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Aptamers, Nucleotide/chemical synthesis
- Aptamers, Nucleotide/pharmacokinetics
- Aptamers, Nucleotide/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Doxorubicin/chemistry
- Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/genetics
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/metabolism
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Ligands
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Nanotubes
- Protein Binding
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- SELEX Aptamer Technique
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaocheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Economical Forest Cultivation and Utilization of 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center in Hunan Province, Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dandan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189 People’s Republic of China
| | - Keke Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhifei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189 People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Li
- Economical Forest Cultivation and Utilization of 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center in Hunan Province, Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 People’s Republic of China
- Economical Forest Cultivation and Utilization of 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center in Hunan Province, Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007 People’s Republic of China
| | - Nongyue He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 People’s Republic of China
- Economical Forest Cultivation and Utilization of 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center in Hunan Province, Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007 People’s Republic of China
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Olsen TR, Tapia-Alveal C, Yang KA, Zhang X, Pereira LJ, Farmakidis N, Pei R, Stojanovic MN, Lin Q. INTEGRATED MICROFLUIDIC SELEX USING FREE SOLUTION ELECTROKINETICS. JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017; 164:B3122-B3129. [PMID: 29170564 PMCID: PMC5697788 DOI: 10.1149/2.0191705jes] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) offers a powerful method to isolate affinity oligonucleotides known as aptamers, which can then be used in a wide range of applications from drug delivery to biosensing. However, conventional SELEX methods rely on labor intensive and time consuming benchtop operations. A simplified microfluidic approach is presented which allows integration of the affinity selection and amplification stages of SELEX for the isolation of target-binding oligonucleotides by combining bead-based biochemical reactions with free solution electrokinetic oligonucleotide transfer. Free solution electrokinetics allows coupling of affinity selection and amplification for closed loop oligonucleotide enrichment without the need for offline processes, flow handling components or gel components, while bead based selection and amplification allow efficient manipulation of reagents and reaction products thereby realizing on-chip loop closure and integration of the entire SELEX process. Thus the approach is capable of multi-round enrichment of oligonucleotides using simple transfer processes while maintaining a high level of device integration, as demonstrated by the isolation of an aptamer pool against a protein target (IgA) with significantly higher binding affinity than the starting library in approximately 4 hours of processing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Olsen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kyung-Ae Yang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Renjun Pei
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Olsen T, Zhu J, Kim J, Pei R, Stojanovic MN, Lin Q. An Integrated Microfluidic SELEX Approach Using Combined Electrokinetic and Hydrodynamic Manipulation. SLAS Technol 2017; 22:63-72. [PMID: 27418370 PMCID: PMC5417355 DOI: 10.1177/2211068216659255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a microfluidic approach for the integration of the process of aptamer selection via systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). The approach employs bead-based biochemical reactions in which affinity-selected target-binding oligonucleotides are electrokinetically transferred for amplification, while the amplification product is transferred back for affinity selection via pressure-driven fluid flow. The hybrid approach simplifies the device design and operation procedures by reduced pressure-driven flow control requirements and avoids the potentially deleterious exposure of targets to electric fields prior to and during affinity selection. In addition, bead-based reactions are used to achieve the on-chip coupling of affinity selection and amplification of target-binding oligonucleotides, thereby realizing on-chip loop closure and integration of the entire SELEX process without requiring offline procedures. The microfluidic approach is thus capable of closed-loop, multiround aptamer enrichment as demonstrated by selection of DNA aptamers against the protein immunoglobulin E with high affinity ( KD = 12 nM) in a rapid manner (4 rounds in approximately 10 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Olsen
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Zhu
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinho Kim
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renjun Pei
- 2 Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Qiao Lin
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Cascading and Parallelising Curvilinear Inertial Focusing Systems for High Volume, Wide Size Distribution, Separation and Concentration of Particles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36386. [PMID: 27808244 PMCID: PMC5093461 DOI: 10.1038/srep36386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inertial focusing is a microfluidic based separation and concentration technology that has expanded rapidly in the last few years. Throughput is high compared to other microfluidic approaches although sample volumes have typically remained in the millilitre range. Here we present a strategy for achieving rapid high volume processing with stacked and cascaded inertial focusing systems, allowing for separation and concentration of particles with a large size range, demonstrated here from 30 μm–300 μm. The system is based on curved channels, in a novel toroidal configuration and a stack of 20 devices has been shown to operate at 1 L/min. Recirculation allows for efficient removal of large particles whereas a cascading strategy enables sequential removal of particles down to a final stage where the target particle size can be concentrated. The demonstration of curved stacked channels operating in a cascaded manner allows for high throughput applications, potentially replacing filtration in applications such as environmental monitoring, industrial cleaning processes, biomedical and bioprocessing and many more.
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Yan S, Zhang J, Yuan D, Li W. Hybrid microfluidics combined with active and passive approaches for continuous cell separation. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:238-249. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yan
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Dan Yuan
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
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Ospina-Villa JD, Zamorano-Carrillo A, Castañón-Sánchez CA, Ramírez-Moreno E, Marchat LA. Aptamers as a promising approach for the control of parasitic diseases. Braz J Infect Dis 2016; 20:610-618. [PMID: 27755981 PMCID: PMC9427573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are short single-stranded RNA or DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of binding various biological targets with high affinity and specificity. Their identification initially relies on a molecular process named SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) that has been later modified in order to improve aptamer sensitivity, minimize duration and cost of the assay, as well as increase target types. Several biochemical modifications can help to enhance aptamer stability without affecting significantly target interaction. As a result, aptamers have generated a large interest as promising tools to compete with monoclonal antibodies for detection and inhibition of specific markers of human diseases. One aptamer-based drug is currently authorized and several others are being clinically evaluated. Despite advances in the knowledge of parasite biology and host–parasite interactions from “omics” data, protozoan parasites still affect millions of people around the world and there is an urgent need for drug target discovery and novel therapeutic concepts. In this context, aptamers represent promising tools for pathogen identification and control. Recent studies have reported the identification of “aptasensors” for parasite diagnosis, and “intramers” targeting intracellular proteins. Here we discuss various strategies that have been employed for intracellular expression of aptamers and expansion of their possible application, and propose that they may be suitable for the clinical use of aptamers in parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan David Ospina-Villa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos A Castañón-Sánchez
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca, Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Esther Ramírez-Moreno
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Laurence A Marchat
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
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42
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Kim J, Olsen TR, Zhu J, Hilton JP, Yang KA, Pei R, Stojanovic MN, Lin Q. Integrated Microfluidic Isolation of Aptamers Using Electrophoretic Oligonucleotide Manipulation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26139. [PMID: 27217242 PMCID: PMC4877600 DOI: 10.1038/srep26139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a microfluidic approach to integrated isolation of DNA aptamers via systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). The approach employs a microbead-based protocol for the processes of affinity selection and amplification of target-binding oligonucleotides, and an electrophoretic DNA manipulation scheme for the coupling of these processes, which are required to occur in different buffers. This achieves the full microfluidic integration of SELEX, thereby enabling highly efficient isolation of aptamers in drastically reduced times and with minimized consumption of biological material. The approach as such also offers broad target applicability by allowing selection of aptamers with respect to targets that are either surface-immobilized or solution-borne, potentially allowing aptamers to be developed as readily available affinity reagents for a wide range of targets. We demonstrate the utility of this approach on two different procedures, respectively for isolating aptamers against a surface-immobilized protein (immunoglobulin E) and a solution-phase small molecule (bisboronic acid in the presence of glucose). In both cases aptamer candidates were isolated in three rounds of SELEX within a total process time of approximately 10 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Timothy R. Olsen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - John P. Hilton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kyung-Ae Yang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Renjun Pei
- Division of Nanobiomedicine, Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Milan N. Stojanovic
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Heiat M, Najafi A, Ranjbar R, Latifi AM, Rasaee MJ. Computational approach to analyze isolated ssDNA aptamers against angiotensin II. J Biotechnol 2016; 230:34-9. [PMID: 27188956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are oligonucleotides with highly structured molecules that can bind to their targets through specific 3-D conformation. Commonly, not all the nucleotides such as primer binding fixed region and some other sequences are vital for aptamers folding and interaction. Elimination of unnecessary regions needs trustworthy prediction tools to reduce experimental efforts and errors. Here we introduced a manipulated in-silico approach to predict the 3-D structure of aptamers and their target interactions. To design an approach for computational analysis of isolated ssDNA aptamers (FLC112, FLC125 and their truncated core region including CRC112 and CRC125), their secondary and tertiary structures were modeled by Mfold and RNA composer respectively. Output PDB files were modified from RNA to DNA in the discovery studio visualizer software. Using ZDOCK server, the aptamer-target interactions were predicted. Finally, the interaction scores were compared with the experimental results. In-silico interaction scores and the experimental outcomes were in the same descending arrangement of FLC112>CRC125>CRC112>FLC125 with similar intensity. The consistent results of innovative in-silico method with experimental outputs, affirmed that the present method may be a reliable approach. Also, it showed that the exact in-silico predictions can be utilized as a credible reference to find aptameric fragments binding potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Heiat
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Najafi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Latifi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Rasaee
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Reece A, Xia B, Jiang Z, Noren B, McBride R, Oakey J. Microfluidic techniques for high throughput single cell analysis. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 40:90-96. [PMID: 27032065 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The microfabrication of microfluidic control systems and the development of increasingly sensitive molecular amplification tools have enabled the miniaturization of single cells analytical platforms. Only recently has the throughput of these platforms increased to a level at which populations can be screened at the single cell level. Techniques based upon both active and passive manipulation are now capable of discriminating between single cell phenotypes for sorting, diagnostic or prognostic applications in a variety of clinical scenarios. The introduction of multiphase microfluidics enables the segmentation of single cells into biochemically discrete picoliter environments. The combination of these techniques are enabling a class of single cell analytical platforms within great potential for data driven biomedicine, genomics and transcriptomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Reece
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, 1000 East University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82070, United States
| | - Bingzhao Xia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, 1000 East University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82070, United States
| | - Zhongliang Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, 1000 East University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82070, United States
| | - Benjamin Noren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, 1000 East University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82070, United States
| | - Ralph McBride
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, 1000 East University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82070, United States
| | - John Oakey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, 1000 East University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82070, United States.
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Zhang J, Yan S, Yuan D, Alici G, Nguyen NT, Ebrahimi Warkiani M, Li W. Fundamentals and applications of inertial microfluidics: a review. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:10-34. [PMID: 26584257 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01159k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, inertial microfluidics has attracted significant attention and a wide variety of channel designs that focus, concentrate and separate particles and fluids have been demonstrated. In contrast to conventional microfluidic technologies, where fluid inertia is negligible and flow remains almost within the Stokes flow region with very low Reynolds number (Re ≪ 1), inertial microfluidics works in the intermediate Reynolds number range (~1 < Re < ~100) between Stokes and turbulent regimes. In this intermediate range, both inertia and fluid viscosity are finite and bring about several intriguing effects that form the basis of inertial microfluidics including (i) inertial migration and (ii) secondary flow. Due to the superior features of high-throughput, simplicity, precise manipulation and low cost, inertial microfluidics is a very promising candidate for cellular sample processing, especially for samples with low abundant targets. In this review, we first discuss the fundamental kinematics of particles in microchannels to familiarise readers with the mechanisms and underlying physics in inertial microfluidic systems. We then present a comprehensive review of recent developments and key applications of inertial microfluidic systems according to their microchannel structures. Finally, we discuss the perspective of employing fluid inertia in microfluidics for particle manipulation. Due to the superior benefits of inertial microfluidics, this promising technology will still be an attractive topic in the near future, with more novel designs and further applications in biology, medicine and industry on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Sheng Yan
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Dan Yuan
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Gursel Alici
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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