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Mayes HS, Navarro M, Satchell LP, Tipton MJ, Ando S, Costello JT. The effects of manipulating the visual environment on thermal perception: A structured narrative review. J Therm Biol 2023; 112:103488. [PMID: 36796929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
When exposed to ambient temperatures that cause thermal discomfort, a human's behavioral responses are more effective than autonomic ones at compensating for thermal imbalance. These behavioral thermal responses are typically directed by an individual's perception of the thermal environment. Perception of the environment is a holistic amalgamation of human senses, and in some circumstances, humans prioritize visual information. Existing research has considered this in the specific case of thermal perception, and this review investigates the state of the literature examining this effect. We identify the frameworks, research rationales, and potential mechanisms that underpin the evidence base in this area. Our review identified 31 experiments, comprising 1392 participants that met the inclusion criteria. Methodological heterogeneity was observed in the assessment of thermal perception, and a variety of methods were employed to manipulate the visual environment. However, the majority of the included experiments (80%) reported a difference in thermal perception after the visual environment was manipulated. There was limited research exploring any effects on physiological variables (e.g. skin and core temperature). This review has wide-ranging implications for the broad discipline of (thermo)physiology, psychology, psychophysiology, neuroscience, ergonomics, and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry S Mayes
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, England, UK
| | - Martina Navarro
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, England, UK
| | - Liam P Satchell
- Department of Psychology, University of Winchester, Winchester, UK
| | - Michael J Tipton
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, England, UK
| | - Soichi Ando
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joseph T Costello
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, England, UK.
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Monson TA. Patterns and magnitudes of craniofacial covariation in extant cercopithecids. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:3068-3084. [PMID: 32220100 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The cranium contains almost all of the vertebrate sensory organs and plays an essential role in vertebrate evolution. Research on the primate cranium has revealed that it is both highly integrated and modular, but studies have historically focused on covariance between the neurocranium and facial skeleton rather than on bones specific to special senses such as vision. The goal of this work is to investigate patterns and magnitudes of craniofacial covariation in extant cercopithecids with particular attention to the orbits. This study takes a quantitative approach using data collected from 38 homologous cranial landmarks across 11 genera of cercopithecid monkeys (Cercopithecidae, N = 291). These data demonstrate that both patterns and magnitudes of craniofacial covariation differ across Cercopithecidae at subfamily, tribe, and genus levels, with the strongest integration in the papionins (and specifically Papio) and significantly weaker covariation in the colobines, particularly Presbytis. Orbital height does not covary with other measurements of the cranium to the same degree as other cranial traits in Cercopithecidae and is highly constrained across the family. This study has important implications for our understanding of the evolution and development of morphological diversity in the cercopithecid cranium and evolution of the primate eye. This study also highlights the potential error of broad assumptions about generalizing patterns and magnitudes of modularity and integration across primates. Additionally, these findings reiterate the importance of trait selection for interpreting fossil taxonomy, as craniofacial covariation may impact phenotypes commonly used to differentiate fossil primate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesla A Monson
- Department of Anthropology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
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Liu BY, Cao G, Dong Z, Chen W, Xu JK, Guo T. The application of 3D-printed titanium mesh in maxillary tumor patients undergoing total maxillectomy. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:125. [PMID: 31728639 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical outcomes of reconstruction of maxillary class III defect using 3D-printed titanium mesh. METHODS Twelve patients with maxillary class III defect from April 2015 to December 2016 were retrospectively studied. A 3D individualized maxillary stereo model based on mirror images of the unaffected maxilla was obtained to fabricate an anatomically adapted titanium mesh using computer-assisted design and manufacture. The individual titanium mesh was inserted into the maxillary class III defect after total maxillectomy. The incidence of postoperative complications was evaluated. The postoperative orbital volume and protrusion degree of eye were measured. RESULTS All patients were satisfied with their postoperative facial symmetry, without developing diplopia or endophthalmos. The postoperative orbital volumes were 26.41 ± 0.52 mL on the affected side and 26.55 ± 0.45 mL on the unaffected side. The postoperative protrusion degrees of affected and unaffected eyes were 16.21 ± 0.48 and 16.82 ± 0.79 mm, respectively. Titanium mesh exposure was observed in 2 patients and mild limitation of mouth opening was observed in 4 patients who underwent postoperative radiotherapy. CONCLUSION Reconstruction of maxillary class III defect with 3D-printed titanium mesh can achieve successful clinical outcomes, which recovered orbital volume and protrusion degree of eye. Twelve patients with maxillary class III defect were satisfied with their postoperative facial symmetry, without developing diplopia or endophthalmos. We investigated that reconstruction of maxillary class III defect with 3D-printed titanium mesh can achieve successful clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Yao Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Gang Cao
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jin-Ke Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ting Guo
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Majid A, Roberts SG, Cilissen L, Emmorey K, Nicodemus B, O'Grady L, Woll B, LeLan B, de Sousa H, Cansler BL, Shayan S, de Vos C, Senft G, Enfield NJ, Razak RA, Fedden S, Tufvesson S, Dingemanse M, Ozturk O, Brown P, Hill C, Le Guen O, Hirtzel V, van Gijn R, Sicoli MA, Levinson SC. Differential coding of perception in the world's languages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:11369-11376. [PMID: 30397135 PMCID: PMC6233065 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720419115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Is there a universal hierarchy of the senses, such that some senses (e.g., vision) are more accessible to consciousness and linguistic description than others (e.g., smell)? The long-standing presumption in Western thought has been that vision and audition are more objective than the other senses, serving as the basis of knowledge and understanding, whereas touch, taste, and smell are crude and of little value. This predicts that humans ought to be better at communicating about sight and hearing than the other senses, and decades of work based on English and related languages certainly suggests this is true. However, how well does this reflect the diversity of languages and communities worldwide? To test whether there is a universal hierarchy of the senses, stimuli from the five basic senses were used to elicit descriptions in 20 diverse languages, including 3 unrelated sign languages. We found that languages differ fundamentally in which sensory domains they linguistically code systematically, and how they do so. The tendency for better coding in some domains can be explained in part by cultural preoccupations. Although languages seem free to elaborate specific sensory domains, some general tendencies emerge: for example, with some exceptions, smell is poorly coded. The surprise is that, despite the gradual phylogenetic accumulation of the senses, and the imbalances in the neural tissue dedicated to them, no single hierarchy of the senses imposes itself upon language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asifa Majid
- Language & Cognition Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, 6525 HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Seán G Roberts
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom
| | - Ludy Cilissen
- Language & Cognition Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Emmorey
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182
| | - Brenda Nicodemus
- Department of Interpretation & Translation, Gallaudet University, Washington, DC 20002
| | - Lucinda O'Grady
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182
| | - Bencie Woll
- Deafness Cognition and Language Research Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara LeLan
- English Studies, Université Paris IV-Sorbonne, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hilário de Sousa
- Language & Cognition Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brian L Cansler
- Department of Linguistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
| | - Shakila Shayan
- Education & Pedagogy, Utrecht University, 3512 JE Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Connie de Vos
- Language & Cognition Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, 6525 HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gunter Senft
- Language & Cognition Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N J Enfield
- Department of Linguistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rogayah A Razak
- Centre for Rehabilitation and Specials Needs, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sebastian Fedden
- Institute of General and Applied Linguistics and Phonetics, Université Paris 3 (Sorbonne-Nouvelle), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvia Tufvesson
- Language & Cognition Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Dingemanse
- Language & Cognition Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ozge Ozturk
- Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - Penelope Brown
- Language & Cognition Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Clair Hill
- Language & Cognition Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Linguistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Centre for Languages and Literature, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Olivier Le Guen
- Linguistics Department, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, 14000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vincent Hirtzel
- Laboratory of Ethnology and Comparative Sociology, CNRS/Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France
| | - Rik van Gijn
- Center for Linguistics, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark A Sicoli
- Department of Anthropology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
| | - Stephen C Levinson
- Language & Cognition Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, 6525 HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Pereira‐Pedro AS, Masters M, Bruner E. Shape analysis of spatial relationships between orbito-ocular and endocranial structures in modern humans and fossil hominids. J Anat 2017; 231:947-960. [PMID: 29027198 PMCID: PMC5696126 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The orbits and eyes of modern humans are situated directly below the frontal lobes and anterior to the temporal lobes. Contiguity between these orbital and cerebral elements could generate spatial constraints, and potentially lead to deformation of the eye and reduced visual acuity during development. In this shape analysis we evaluate whether and to what extent covariation exists between ocular morphology and the size and spatial position of the frontal and temporal areas in adult modern humans. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to investigate patterns of variation among the brain and eyes, while computed tomography (CT) was used to compare cranial morphology in this anatomical region among modern humans, extinct hominids and chimpanzees. Seventeen landmarks and semi-landmarks that capture the outline of the eye, frontal lobe, anterior fossa/orbital roof and the position of the temporal tips were sampled using lateral scout views in two dimensions, after projection of the average grayscale values of each hemisphere, with midsagittal and parasagittal elements overlapped onto the same plane. MRI results demonstrated that eye position in adult humans varies most with regard to its horizontal distance from the temporal lobes and, secondly, in its vertical distance from the frontal lobes. Size was mainly found to covary with the distance between the eye and temporal lobes. Proximity to these cerebral lobes may generate spatial constraints, as some ocular deformation was observed. Considering the CT analysis, modern humans vary most with regard to the orientation of the orbits, while interspecific variation is mainly associated with separation between the orbits and endocranial elements. These findings suggest that size and position of the frontal and temporal lobes can affect eye and orbit morphology, though potential effects on eye shape require further study. In particular, possible effects of these spatial and allometric relationships on the eye and vision should be examined using ontogenetic samples, vision parameters such as refractive error in diopters, and three-dimensional approaches that include measures of extraocular soft tissues within the orbit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emiliano Bruner
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución HumanaBurgosSpain
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Denion E, Hitier M, Levieil E, Mouriaux F. Human rather than ape-like orbital morphology allows much greater lateral visual field expansion with eye abduction. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12437. [PMID: 26190625 PMCID: PMC4507258 DOI: 10.1038/srep12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While convergent, the human orbit differs from that of non-human apes in that its lateral orbital margin is significantly more rearward. This rearward position does not obstruct the additional visual field gained through eye motion. This additional visual field is therefore considered to be wider in humans than in non-human apes. A mathematical model was designed to quantify this difference. The mathematical model is based on published computed tomography data in the human neuro-ocular plane (NOP) and on additional anatomical data from 100 human skulls and 120 non-human ape skulls (30 gibbons; 30 chimpanzees / bonobos; 30 orangutans; 30 gorillas). It is used to calculate temporal visual field eccentricity values in the NOP first in the primary position of gaze then for any eyeball rotation value in abduction up to 45° and any lateral orbital margin position between 85° and 115° relative to the sagittal plane. By varying the lateral orbital margin position, the human orbit can be made "non-human ape-like". In the Pan-like orbit, the orbital margin position (98.7°) was closest to the human orbit (107.1°). This modest 8.4° difference resulted in a large 21.1° difference in maximum lateral visual field eccentricity with eyeball abduction (Pan-like: 115°; human: 136.1°).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Denion
- Inserm, U 1075 COMETE, Avenue de la côte de nacre, Caen, 5 Avenue de la côte de nacre, 14033 Caen cedex 9, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHU de Caen, Avenue de la côte de nacre, 14033 Caen cedex 9, France
- Medical School, Unicaen, pôle des formations des recherches en santé, 2 rue des Rochambelles, CS 14032, 14032 Caen cedex, France
| | - Martin Hitier
- Inserm, U 1075 COMETE, Avenue de la côte de nacre, Caen, 5 Avenue de la côte de nacre, 14033 Caen cedex 9, France
- Medical School, Unicaen, pôle des formations des recherches en santé, 2 rue des Rochambelles, CS 14032, 14032 Caen cedex, France
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery CHU de Caen, Avenue de la côte de nacre, 14033 Caen cedex 9, France
- Anatomy Laboratory, pôle des formations des recherches en santé, 2 rue des Rochambelles, CS 14032, 14032 Caen cedex
| | - Eric Levieil
- Cleverest Code, 24 place Etienne Pernet, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Mouriaux
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHU Pontchaillou, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes Cedex 9, France
- Université de Rennes 1, 2 rue du Thabor CS 46510, 35065 Rennes cedex, France
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