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Stewart RD, Myers KS, Amstadt C, Seib M, McMahon KD, Noguera DR. Refinement of the " Candidatus Accumulibacter" genus based on metagenomic analysis of biological nutrient removal (BNR) pilot-scale plants operated with reduced aeration. mSystems 2024; 9:e0118823. [PMID: 38415636 PMCID: PMC10949500 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01188-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Members of the "Candidatus Accumulibacter" genus are widely studied as key polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) in biological nutrient removal (BNR) facilities performing enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). This diverse lineage includes 18 "Ca. Accumulibacter" species, which have been proposed based on the phylogenetic divergence of the polyphosphate kinase 1 (ppk1) gene and genome-scale comparisons of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). Phylogenetic classification based on the 16S rRNA genetic marker has been difficult to attain because most "Ca. Accumulibacter" MAGs are incomplete and often do not include the rRNA operon. Here, we investigate the "Ca. Accumulibacter" diversity in pilot-scale treatment trains performing BNR under low dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions using genome-resolved metagenomics. Using long-read sequencing, we recovered medium- and high-quality MAGs for 5 of the 18 "Ca. Accumulibacter" species, all with rRNA operons assembled, which allowed a reassessment of the 16S rRNA-based phylogeny of this genus and an analysis of phylogeny based on the 23S rRNA gene. In addition, we recovered a cluster of MAGs that based on 16S rRNA, 23S rRNA, ppk1, and genome-scale phylogenetic analyses do not belong to any of the currently recognized "Ca. Accumulibacter" species for which we propose the new species designation "Ca. Accumulibacter jenkinsii" sp. nov. Relative abundance evaluations of the genus across all pilot plant operations revealed that regardless of the operational mode, "Ca. A. necessarius" and "Ca. A. propinquus" accounted for more than 40% of the "Ca. Accumulibacter" community, whereas the newly proposed "Ca. A. jenkinsii" accounted for about 5% of the "Ca. Accumulibacter" community.IMPORTANCEOne of the main drivers of energy use and operational costs in activated sludge processes is the amount of oxygen provided to enable biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal. Wastewater treatment facilities are increasingly considering reduced aeration to decrease energy consumption, and whereas successful BNR has been demonstrated in systems with minimal aeration, an adequate understanding of the microbial communities that facilitate nutrient removal under these conditions is still lacking. In this study, we used genome-resolved metagenomics to evaluate the diversity of the "Candidatus Accumulibacter" genus in pilot-scale plants operating with minimal aeration. We identified the "Ca. Accumulibacter" species enriched under these conditions, including one novel species for which we propose "Ca. Accumulibacter jenkinsii" sp. nov. as its designation. Furthermore, the MAGs obtained for five additional "Ca. Accumulibacter" species further refine the phylogeny of the "Ca. Accumulibacter" genus and provide new insight into its diversity within unconventional biological nutrient removal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D. Stewart
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kevin S. Myers
- Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Carly Amstadt
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Matt Seib
- Madison Metropolitan Sewerage District, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Katherine D. McMahon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Daniel R. Noguera
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Zarcero J, Antich A, Rius M, Wangensteen OS, Turon X. A new sampling device for metabarcoding surveillance of port communities and detection of non-indigenous species. iScience 2024; 27:108588. [PMID: 38111684 PMCID: PMC10726295 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabarcoding techniques are revolutionizing studies of marine biodiversity. They can be used for monitoring non-indigenous species (NIS) in ports and harbors. However, they are often biased by inconsistent sampling methods and incomplete reference databases. Logistic constraints in ports prompt the development of simple, easy-to-deploy samplers. We tested a new device called polyamide mesh for ports organismal monitoring (POMPOM) with a high surface-to-volume ratio. POMPOMS were deployed inside a fishing and recreational port in the Mediterranean alongside conventional settlement plates. We also compiled a curated database with cytochrome oxidase (COI) sequences of Mediterranean NIS. COI metabarcoding of the communities settled in the POMPOMs captured a similar biodiversity than settlement plates, with shared molecular operational units (MOTUs) representing ca. 99% of reads. 38 NIS were detected in the port accounting for ca. 26% of reads. POMPOMs were easy to deploy and handle and provide an efficient method for NIS surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Zarcero
- Department of Marine Ecology, Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB), CSIC, 17300 Blanes, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Adrià Antich
- Department of Marine Ecology, Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB), CSIC, 17300 Blanes, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marc Rius
- Department of Marine Ecology, Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB), CSIC, 17300 Blanes, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Owen S. Wangensteen
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Turon
- Department of Marine Ecology, Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB), CSIC, 17300 Blanes, Catalonia, Spain
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Wang Z, Song W, Zhang X, Zheng M, Li H, Yu K, Guo F. Expanding the Diversity of Accumulibacter with a Novel Type and Deciphering the Transcriptional and Morphological Features among Co-Occurring Strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0077123. [PMID: 37466435 PMCID: PMC10467341 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00771-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
"Candidatus Accumulibacter" is the major polyphosphate-accumulating organism (PAO) in global wastewater treatment systems, and its phylogenetic and functional diversity have expanded in recent years. In addition to the widely recognized type I and II sublineages, we discovered a novel type enriched in laboratory bioreactors. Core gene and machine learning-based gene feature profiling supported the assertion that type III "Ca. Accumulibacter" is a potential PAO with the unique function of using dimethyl sulfoxide as an electron acceptor. Based on the correlation between ppk1 and genome similarity, the species-level richness of Accumulibacter was estimated to be over 100, suggesting that the currently recognized species are only the tip of the iceberg. Meanwhile, the interstrain transcriptional and morphological features of multiple "Ca. Accumulibacter" strains co-occurring in a bioreactor were investigated. Metatranscriptomics of seven co-occurring strains indicated that the expression level and interphasic dynamics of PAO phenotype-related genes had minimal correlation with their phylogeny. In particular, the expression of denitrifying and polyphosphate (poly-P) metabolism genes exhibited higher interstrain and interphasic divergence than expression of glycogen and polyhydroxyalkanoate metabolic genes. A strategy of cloning rRNA genes from different strains based on similar genomic synteny was successfully applied to differentiate their morphology via fluorescence in situ hybridization. Our study further expands the phylogenetic and functional diversity of "Ca. Accumulibacter" and proposes that deciphering the function and capability of certain "Ca. Accumulibacter" should be tailored to the environment and population in question. IMPORTANCE In the last 2 decades, "Ca. Accumulibacter" has garnered significant attention as the core functional but uncultured taxon for enhanced biological phosphorus removal due to its phylogenetic and functional diversity and intragenus niche differentiation. Since 2002, it has been widely known that this genus has two sublineages (type I and II). However, in this study, a metagenomic approach led to the discovery of a novel type (type III) with proposed novel functional features. By comparing the average nucleotide identity of "Ca. Accumulibacter" genomes and the similarity of ppk1, a phylogenetic biomarker largely deposited in databases, the global species-level richness of "Ca. Accumulibacter" was estimated for the first time to be over 100. Furthermore, we observed the co-occurrence of multiple "Ca. Accumulibacter" strains in a single bioreactor and found the simultaneous transcriptional divergence of these strains intriguing with regard to their niche differentiation within a single community. Our results indicated a decoupling feature between transcriptional pattern and phylogeny for co-occurring strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minjia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ke Yu
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
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Wang X, Shi C, Pan W, Lu H, Zhang X. Variation in the quantity and composition of phosphorus accumulating organisms in activated sludge driven by nitrate-nitrogen. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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Coats ER, Appel FJ, Guho N, Brinkman CK, Mellin J. Interrogating the performance and microbial ecology of an enhanced biological phosphorus removal/post-anoxic denitrification process at bench and pilot scales. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2023; 95:e10852. [PMID: 36987547 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Research focused on interrogating post-anoxic enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) at bench and pilot scales. Average bench-scale effluent ranged from 0.33 to 1.4 mgP/L, 0.35 to 3.7 mgNH3 -N/L, and 1.1 to 3.9 mgNOx -N/L. Comparatively, the pilot achieved effluent (50th percentile/average) of 0.13/0.2 mgP/L, 9.7/8.2 mgNH3 -N/L, and 0.38/3.3 mgNOx -N/L under dynamic influent and environmental conditions. For EBPR process monitoring, P:C ratio data indicated that 0.2-0.4 molP/molC will result in stable EBPR; relatedly, a target design influent volatile fatty acid (VFA):P ratio would exceed 15 mgCOD/mgP. Post-anoxic EBPR was enriched for Nitrobacter spp. at 1.70%-20.27%, with Parcubacteria also dominating; the former is putatively associated with nitritation and the latter is a putative fermenting heterotrophic organism. Post-anoxic specific denitrification rates (SDNRs) (20°C) ranged from 0.70 to 3.10 mgN/gVSS/h; there was a strong correlation (R2 = 0.94) between the SDNR and %Parcubacteria for systems operated at a 20-day solids residence time (SRT). These results suggest that carbon substrate potentially generated by this putative fermenter may enhance post-anoxic EBPR. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Post-anoxic EBPR can achieve effluent of <0.2 mgP/L and <12 mgN/L. The P:C and VFA:P ratios can be predictive for EBPR process monitoring. Post-anoxic EBPR was enriched for Nitrobacter spp. over Nitrospira spp. and also for Parcubacteria, which is a putative fermenting heterotrophic organism. Post-anoxic specific denitrification rates (20°C) ranged from 0.70 to 3.10 mgN/gVSS/h. BLASTn analysis of 16S rDNA PAO primer set was shown to be improved to 93.8% for Ca. Accumulibacter phosphatis and 73.2%-94.0% for all potential PAOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Coats
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Felicity J Appel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
- Kimley-Horn, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nick Guho
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
- Carollo Engineers, Walnut Creek, California, USA
| | - Cynthia K Brinkman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Jason Mellin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
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Diaz R, Mackey B, Chadalavada S, Kainthola J, Heck P, Goel R. Enhanced Bio-P removal: Past, present, and future - A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136518. [PMID: 36191763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Excess amounts of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) from anthropogenic activities such as population growth, municipal and industrial wastewater discharges, agriculture fertilization and storm water runoffs, have affected surface water chemistry, resulting in episodes of eutrophication. Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) based treatment processes are an economical and environmentally friendly solution to address the present environmental impacts caused by excess P present in municipal discharges. EBPR practices have been researched and operated for more than five decades worldwide, with promising results in decreasing orthophosphate to acceptable levels. The advent of molecular tools targeting bacterial genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has also helped us reveal the identity of potential polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAO) and denitrifying PAO (DPAO) responsible for the success of EBPR. Integration of process engineering and environmental microbiology has provided much-needed confidence to the wastewater community for the successful implementation of EBPR practices around the globe. Despite these successes, the process of EBPR continues to evolve in terms of its microbiology and application in light of other biological processes such as anaerobic ammonia oxidation and on-site carbon capture. This review provides an overview of the history of EBPR, discusses different operational parameters critical for the successful operation of EBPR systems, reviews current knowledge of EBPR microbiology, the influence of PAO/DPAO on the disintegration of microbial communities, stoichiometry, EBPR clades, current practices, and upcoming potential innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Diaz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Brendan Mackey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Sreeni Chadalavada
- School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland Springfield, Queensland, 4350, Australia.
| | - Jyoti Kainthola
- Department of Civil Engineering, École Centrale School of Engineering, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India, 500043
| | - Phil Heck
- Central Valley Water Reclamation Facility, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ramesh Goel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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Jia Y, Zeng W, Fan Z, Meng Q, Liu H, Peng Y. An effective titanium salt dosing strategy for phosphorus removal from wastewater: Synergistic enhancement of chemical and biological treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156960. [PMID: 35760169 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Titanium salt coagulant, as a new type of water treatment agent, has been widely studied, but most researches do not consider its effect on the biological treatment. In this study, different doses of TiCl4 were added to the biological phosphorus removal (BPR) system to investigate the impact of TiCl4 on BPR. The results showed that the addition of TiCl4 not only significantly reduced the phosphorus concentration in effluent (below 0.5 mg/L), but also kept it stable. Moreover, the sedimentation performance of activated sludge was improved, which was superior to the control group. According to the results of flow cytometry (FCM), a small amount of TiCl4 significantly improved the bioactivities, but excessive dosage caused inhibition. When the dosage of TiCl4 below 20 mg/L, polyphosphate accumulating metabolism (PAM) was strengthened. In addition, the richness of microbial community and the relative abundance of Candidatus Accumulibacter clades also increased. However, when the dosage reached 60 mg/L, the relative abundance of Candidatus Competibacter increased and the BPR system was deteriorated. This study suggests that the addition of appropriate concentration of TiCl4 can realize the synergistic enhancement of biological and chemical phosphorus removal in sewage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Zhiwei Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Qingan Meng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Reevaluation of the Phylogenetic Diversity and Global Distribution of the Genus " Candidatus Accumulibacter". mSystems 2022; 7:e0001622. [PMID: 35467400 PMCID: PMC9238405 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00016-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
“Candidatus Accumulibacter” was the first microorganism identified as a polyphosphate-accumulating organism (PAO) important for phosphorus removal from wastewater. Members of this genus are diverse, and the current phylogeny and taxonomic framework appear complicated, with most publicly available genomes classified as “Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis,” despite notable phylogenetic divergence. The ppk1 marker gene allows for a finer-scale differentiation into different “types” and “clades”; nevertheless, taxonomic assignments remain inconsistent across studies. Therefore, a comprehensive reevaluation is needed to establish a common understanding of this genus, in terms of both naming and basic conserved physiological traits. Here, we provide this reassessment using a comparison of genome, ppk1, and 16S rRNA gene-based approaches from comprehensive data sets. We identified 15 novel species, along with “Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis,” “Candidatus Accumulibacter delftensis,” and “Candidatus Accumulibacter aalborgensis.” To compare the species in situ, we designed new species-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes and revealed their morphology and arrangement in activated sludge. Based on the MiDAS global survey, “Ca. Accumulibacter” species were widespread in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with phosphorus removal, indicating process design as a major driver for their abundance. Genome mining for PAO-related pathways and FISH-Raman microspectroscopy confirmed the potential for PAO metabolism in all “Ca. Accumulibacter” species, with detection in situ of the typical PAO storage polymers. Genome annotation further revealed differences in the nitrate/nitrite reduction pathways. This provides insights into the niche differentiation of these lineages, potentially explaining their coexistence in the same ecosystem while contributing to overall phosphorus and nitrogen removal. IMPORTANCE “Candidatus Accumulibacter” is the most studied PAO, with a primary role in biological nutrient removal. However, the species-level taxonomy of this lineage is convoluted due to the use of different phylogenetic markers or genome sequencing approaches. Here, we redefined the phylogeny of these organisms, proposing a comprehensive approach which could be used to address the classification of other diverse and uncultivated lineages. Using genome-resolved phylogeny, compared to phylogeny based on the 16S rRNA gene and other phylogenetic markers, we obtained a higher-resolution taxonomy and established a common understanding of this genus. Furthermore, genome mining of genes and pathways of interest, validated in situ by application of a new set of FISH probes and Raman microspectroscopy, provided additional high-resolution metabolic insights into these organisms.
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Brown P, Ikuma K, Ong SK. Biological phosphorus removal and its microbial community in a modified full-scale activated sludge system under dry and wet weather dynamics. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 217:118338. [PMID: 35397371 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) performance and microbial community dynamics during dry and wet-weather conditions of a full-scale treatment plant was evaluated by converting a section of activated sludge basins using low-cost operational modifications into an anoxic/anaerobic zone to promote EBPR. Two trains of the activated sludge system at the Des Moines, Iowa Metropolitan Wastewater Reclamation Facility were used for the study with one train modified for EBPR, and the other remained as nitrification-only for comparison. In addition to measuring the modification effectiveness for phosphorus removal, performance was compared during dry and wet weather conditions over the course of two summer seasons to improve understanding of wet and dry weather dynamics for EBPR. DNA sequencing and qPCR tests were conducted to develop an understanding of microbial population changes between control and modified basins and wet and dry weather conditions. Basin hydraulic retention times varied from 2.6 to 12.7 hours with an average of 8.9 hours. EBPR activity was successfully established in the modified basins with average phosphorus content of the return activated sludge 0.032 ± 0.002 compared to 0.016 ± 0.001 mg TP/mg TSS (95% confidence) in the control basins. Phosphorus removal was significantly decreased by prolonged wet weather conditions, particularly in year two of the study, however the modified basin maximum removal of 96% and average of 43.7 ± 5.3% remained significantly higher than the maximum of 46% and average 12.6 ± 2.4% removal in the control basins. DNA sequencing showed a significant increase in relative abundance of phyla Chloroflexi, Nitrospirae, and Verrucomicrobia in the modified basins, but no correlation to EBPR performance. qPCR indicated significant increase in relative quantity of Accumulibacter, but not for Actinetobacter-like phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs), which includes the PAO Tetrasphaera. Significant abundance of some Accumulibacter clades found within the modified basins was contrary to previous literature which focused on small-scale and batch studies. A higher than expected dominance of clade I and increased relative quantities of clades IIB and IIC during extended wet weather was observed which may have contributed to rapid recovery of phosphorus removal when dry weather resumed. The abundance of PAOs did not significantly correlate with changes in phosphorous removal performance, contrary to reports from previous small-scale and batch studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Brown
- Des Moines Metropolitan Wastewater Reclamation Authority, 3000 Vandalia Road, Des Moines, Iowa 50317, USA.
| | - Kaoru Ikuma
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, 813 Bissell Road, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Say Kee Ong
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, 813 Bissell Road, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Adler A, Poirier S, Pagni M, Maillard J, Holliger C. Disentangle genus microdiversity within a complex microbial community by using a multi-distance long-read binning method: example of Candidatus Accumulibacter. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:2136-2156. [PMID: 35315560 PMCID: PMC9311429 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Complete genomes can be recovered from metagenomes by assembling and binning DNA sequences into metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs). Yet, the presence of microdiversity can hamper the assembly and binning processes, possibly yielding chimeric, highly fragmented and incomplete genomes. Here, the metagenomes of four samples of aerobic granular sludge bioreactors containing Candidatus (Ca.) Accumulibacter, a phosphate-accumulating organism of interest for wastewater treatment, were sequenced with both PacBio and Illumina. Different strategies of genome assembly and binning were investigated, including published protocols and a binning procedure adapted to the binning of long contigs (MuLoBiSC). Multiple criteria were considered to select the best strategy for Ca. Accumulibacter, whose multiple strains in every sample represent a challenging microdiversity. In this case, the best strategy relies on long-read only assembly and a custom binning procedure including MuLoBiSC in metaWRAP. Several high-quality Ca. Accumulibacter MAGs, including a novel species, were obtained independently from different samples. Comparative genomic analysis showed that MAGs retrieved in different samples harbour genomic rearrangements in addition to accumulation of point mutations. The microdiversity of Ca. Accumulibacter, likely driven by mobile genetic elements, causes major difficulties in recovering MAGs, but it is also a hallmark of the panmictic lifestyle of these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Adler
- Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simon Poirier
- Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Pagni
- Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Maillard
- Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,IFP Energie nouvelles, 1 et 4 avenue de Bois-Préau, 92852, Rueil-Malmaison Cedex, France
| | - Christof Holliger
- Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Nadeem K, Alliet M, Plana Q, Bernier J, Azimi S, Rocher V, Albasi C. Modeling, simulation and control of biological and chemical P-removal processes for membrane bioreactors (MBRs) from lab to full-scale applications: State of the art. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151109. [PMID: 34688739 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) removal from the domestic wastewater is required to counter the eutrophication in receiving water bodies and is mandated by the regulatory frameworks in several countries with discharge limits within 1-2mgPL-1. Operating at higher sludge retention time (SRT) and higher biomass concentration than the conventional activated sludge process (CASP), membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are able to remove 70-98% phosphorus without addition of coagulant. In full-scale facilities, enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is assisted by the addition of metal coagulant to ensure >95% P-removal. MBRs are successfully used for super-large-scale wastewater treatment facilities (capacity >100,000 m3d-1). This paper documents the knowledge of P-removal modeling from lab to full-scale submerged MBRs and assesses the existing mathematical models for P-removal from domestic wastewater. There are still limited studies involving integrated modeling of the MBRs (full/super large-scale), considering the complex interactions among biology, chemical addition, filtration, and fouling. This paper analyses the design configurations and the parameters affecting the biological and chemical P-removal in MBRs to understand the P-removal process sensitivity and their implications for the modeling studies. Furthermore, it thoroughly reviews the applications of bio-kinetic and chemical precipitation models to MBRs for assessing their effectiveness with default stoichiometric and kinetic parameters and the extent to which these parameters have been calibrated/adjusted to simulate the P-removal successfully. It also presents a brief overview and comparison of seven (7) chemical precipitation models, along with a quick comparison of commercially available simulators. In addition to advantages associated with chemical precipitation for P-removal, its role in changing the relative abundance of the microbial community responsible for P-removal and denitrification and the controversial role in fouling mitigation/increase are discussed. Lastly, it encompasses several coagulant dosing control systems and their applications in the pilot to full-scale facilities to save coagulants and optimize the P-removal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Nadeem
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Marion Alliet
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Queralt Plana
- Parisian Sanitation Public Service (SIAAP), Direction Innovation, 92700 Colombes, France
| | - Jean Bernier
- Parisian Sanitation Public Service (SIAAP), Direction Innovation, 92700 Colombes, France
| | - Sam Azimi
- Parisian Sanitation Public Service (SIAAP), Direction Innovation, 92700 Colombes, France.
| | - Vincent Rocher
- Parisian Sanitation Public Service (SIAAP), Direction Innovation, 92700 Colombes, France.
| | - Claire Albasi
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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12
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Agnihotri S, Yin DM, Mahboubi A, Sapmaz T, Varjani S, Qiao W, Koseoglu-Imer DY, Taherzadeh MJ. A Glimpse of the World of Volatile Fatty Acids Production and Application: A review. Bioengineered 2022; 13:1249-1275. [PMID: 34738864 PMCID: PMC8805862 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1996044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable provision of chemicals and materials is undoubtedly a defining factor in guaranteeing economic, environmental, and social stability of future societies. Among the most sought-after chemical building blocks are volatile fatty acids (VFAs). VFAs such as acetic, propionic, and butyric acids have numerous industrial applications supporting from food and pharmaceuticals industries to wastewater treatment. The fact that VFAs can be produced synthetically from petrochemical derivatives and also through biological routes, for example, anaerobic digestion of organic mixed waste highlights their provision flexibility and sustainability. In this regard, this review presents a detailed overview of the applications associated with petrochemically and biologically generated VFAs, individually or in mixture, in industrial and laboratory scale, conventional and novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnima Agnihotri
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Dong-Min Yin
- Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Amir Mahboubi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Tugba Sapmaz
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Wei Qiao
- Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Derya Y. Koseoglu-Imer
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Rey-Martínez N, Merdan G, Guisasola A, Baeza JA. Nitrite and nitrate inhibition thresholds for a glutamate-fed bio-P sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131173. [PMID: 34182653 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is an efficient and sustainable technology to remove phosphorus from wastewater. A widely known cause of EBPR deterioration in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is the presence of nitrate/nitrite or oxygen in the anaerobic reactor. Moreover, most existing studies on the effect of either permanent aerobic conditions or inhibition of EBPR by nitrate or free nitrous acid (FNA) have been conducted with a "Candidatus Accumulibacter" or Tetrasphaera-enriched sludge, which are the two major reported groups of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) with key roles in full-scale EBPR WWTPs. This work reports the denitrification capabilities of a bio-P microbial community developed using glutamate as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. This bio-P sludge exhibited a high denitrifying PAO (DPAO) activity, in fact, 56% of the phosphorus was uptaken under anoxic conditions. Furthermore, this mixed culture was able to use nitrite and nitrate as electron acceptor for P-uptake, being 1.8 μg HNO2-N·L-1 the maximum FNA concentration at which P-uptake can occur. Net P-removal was observed under permanent aerobic conditions. However, this microbial culture was more sensitive to FNA and permanent aerobic conditions compared to "Ca. Accumulibacter"-enriched sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rey-Martínez
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gökçe Merdan
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Environmental Engineering, Namık Kemal University, Turkey.
| | - Albert Guisasola
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Baeza
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Srinivasan VN, Li G, Wang D, Tooker NB, Dai Z, Onnis-Hayden A, Bott C, Dombrowski P, Schauer P, Pinto A, Gu AZ. Oligotyping and metagenomics reveal distinct Candidatus Accumulibacter communities in side-stream versus conventional full-scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 206:117725. [PMID: 34653799 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis (CAP) and its clade-level micro-diversity has been associated with and implicated in functional differences in phosphorus removal performance in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems. Side-stream EBPR (S2EBPR) is an emerging process that has been shown to present a suite of advantages over the conventional EBPR design, however, large knowledge gaps remain in terms of its underlying ecological mechanisms. Here, we compared and revealed the higher-resolution differences in microbial ecology of CAP between a full-scale side-stream EBPR configuration and a conventional A2O EBPR process that were operated in parallel and with the same influent feed. Even though the relative abundance of CAP, revealed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, was similar in both treatment trains, a clade-level analysis, using combined 16S rRNA-gene based amplicon sequencing and oligotyping analysis and metagenomics analysis, revealed the distinct CAP microdiversity between the S2EBPR and A2O configurations that likely attributed to the improved performance in S2EBPR in comparison to conventional EBPR. Furthermore, genome-resolved metagenomics enabled extraction of three metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) belonging to CAP clades IIB (RCAB4-2), IIC (RC14) and II (RC18), from full-scale EBPR sludge for the first time, including a distinct Ca. Accumulibacter clade that is dominant and associated only with the S2EBPR configuration. The results also revealed the temporally increasing predominance of RC14, which belonged to Clade IIC, during the implementation of the S2EBPR configuration. Finally, we also show the existence of previously uncharacterized diversity of clades of CAP, namely the clades IIB and as yet unidentified clade of type II, in full-scale EBPR communities, highlighting the unknown diversity of CAP communities in full-scale EBPR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun N Srinivasan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Brown and Caldwell, One Tech Drive, Andover, MA 01810, United States
| | - Guangyu Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Dongqi Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States; State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Nicholas B Tooker
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01002, United States
| | - Zihan Dai
- Infrastructure and Environment Division, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Onnis-Hayden
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Avenue, Virginia Beach, VA 23454, United States
| | - Paul Dombrowski
- Woodard & Curran, Inc., 1699 King Street, Enfield, CT 06082, United States
| | - Peter Schauer
- Clean Water Services, 16060 SW 85th Avenue, Tigard, OR 97224, United States
| | - Ameet Pinto
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, United States
| | - April Z Gu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853, United States.
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15
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Denitrifying phosphorus removal and microbial community characteristics of two-sludge DEPHANOX system: Effects of COD/TP ratio. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Pelevina AV, Berestovskaya YY, Grachev VA, Dorofeeva IK, Sorokin VV, Dorofeev AG, Kallistova AY, Nikolaev YA, Kotlyarov RY, Beletskii AV, Ravin NV, Pimenov NV, Mardanov AV. A Microbial Consortium Removing Phosphates under Conditions of Cyclic Aerobic-Anaerobic Cultivation. Microbiology (Reading) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261721010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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17
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Saia SM, Carrick HJ, Buda AR, Regan JM, Walter MT. Critical Review of Polyphosphate and Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms for Agricultural Water Quality Management. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2722-2742. [PMID: 33559467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite ongoing management efforts, phosphorus (P) loading from agricultural landscapes continues to impair water quality. Wastewater treatment research has enhanced our knowledge of microbial mechanisms influencing P cycling, especially regarding microbes known as polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) that store P as polyphosphate (polyP) under oxic conditions and release P under anoxic conditions. However, there is limited application of PAO research to reduce agricultural P loading and improve water quality. Herein, we conducted a meta-analysis to identify articles in Web of Science on polyP and its use by PAOs across five disciplines (i.e., wastewater treatment, terrestrial, freshwater, marine, and agriculture). We also summarized research that provides preliminary support for PAO-mediated P cycling in natural habitats. Terrestrial, freshwater, marine, and agriculture disciplines had fewer polyP and PAO articles compared to wastewater treatment, with agriculture consistently having the least. Most meta-analysis articles did not overlap disciplines. We found preliminary support for PAOs in natural habitats and identified several knowledge gaps and research opportunities. There is an urgent need for interdisciplinary research linking PAOs, polyP, and oxygen availability with existing knowledge of P forms and cycling mechanisms in natural and agricultural environments to improve agricultural P management strategies and achieve water quality goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M Saia
- Depatment of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Hunter J Carrick
- Department of Biology and Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, United States
| | - Anthony R Buda
- Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John M Regan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - M Todd Walter
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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18
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Roy S, Guanglei Q, Zuniga-Montanez R, Williams RB, Wuertz S. Recent advances in understanding the ecophysiology of enhanced biological phosphorus removal. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 67:166-174. [PMID: 33582603 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is an efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable method for removing excess phosphorus from wastewater. Polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) exhibit a unique physiology alternating between anaerobic conditions for uptake of carbon substrates and aerobic or anoxic conditions for phosphorus uptake. The implementation of high-throughput sequencing technologies and advanced molecular tools along with biochemical characterization has provided many new perspectives on the EBPR process. These approaches have helped identify a wide range of carbon substrates and electron acceptors utilized by PAOs that in turn influence interactions with microbial community members and determine overall phosphorus removal efficiency. In this review, we systematically discuss the microbial diversity and metabolic response to a range of environmental conditions and process control strategies in EBPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarpita Roy
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Qiu Guanglei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rogelio Zuniga-Montanez
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Rohan Bh Williams
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Stefan Wuertz
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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19
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Akbari A, Wang Z, He P, Wang D, Lee J, Han IL, Li G, Gu AZ. Unrevealed roles of polyphosphate-accumulating microorganisms. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:82-87. [PMID: 33404187 PMCID: PMC7888455 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We first review current knowledge on PAOs, with a focus on bacteria, in terms of their phylogenetic identities, metabolic pathways and detection methods. We further discuss the evidence that suggests the ubiquitous presence of PAOs in nature and point out the unrevealed roles of the PAOs that warrant future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbari
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - ZiJian Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Peisheng He
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Dongqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco‐hydraulics in Northwest Arid RegionXi’an University of TechnologyXi’anShaanxi710048China
| | - Jangho Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - IL Han
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Guangyu Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNortheastern University360 Huntington AvenueBostonMA02115USA
| | - April Z. Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
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20
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Roots P, Rosenthal A, Wang Y, Sabba F, Jia Z, Yang F, Zhang H, Kozak J, Wells G. Pushing the limits of solids retention time for enhanced biological phosphorus removal: process characteristics and Accumulibacter population structure. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:1614-1627. [PMID: 33107855 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the solids retention time (SRT) of the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process can increase organic carbon diversion to the sidestream for energy recovery, thereby realizing some of the benefits of the high rate activated sludge (HRAS) process. Determining the washout (i.e. minimum) SRT of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), therefore, allows for simultaneous phosphorus and carbon diversion for energy recovery from EBPR systems. However, few studies have investigated the washout SRT of PAOs in real wastewater, and little is known of the diversity of PAOs in high rate EBPR systems. Here we demonstrate efficient phosphorus removal (83% orthophosphate removal) in a high rate EBPR sequencing batch reactor fed real primary effluent and operated at 20 °C. Stable operation was achieved at a total SRT of 1.8 ± 0.2 days and hydraulic retention time of 3.7-4.8 hours. 16S rRNA gene sequencing data demonstrated that Accumulibacter were the dominant PAO throughout the study, with a washout aerobic SRT between 0.8 and 1.4 days. qPCR targeting the polyphosphate kinase gene revealed that Accumulibacter clades IIA, IIB and IID dominated the PAO community at low SRT operation, while clade IA was washed out at the lowest SRT values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Roots
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA E-mail:
| | - Alex Rosenthal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA E-mail:
| | - Yubo Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA E-mail:
| | - Fabrizio Sabba
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA E-mail:
| | - Zhen Jia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA E-mail:
| | - Fenghua Yang
- Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, 6001 W Pershing Road, Chicago, IL, 60804, USA
| | - Heng Zhang
- Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, 6001 W Pershing Road, Chicago, IL, 60804, USA
| | - Joseph Kozak
- Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, 6001 W Pershing Road, Chicago, IL, 60804, USA
| | - George Wells
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA E-mail:
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21
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Wang B, Jiao E, Guo Y, Zhang L, Meng Q, Zeng W, Peng Y. Investigation of the polyphosphate-accumulating organism population in the full-scale simultaneous chemical phosphorus removal system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:37877-37886. [PMID: 32617817 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09912-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous chemical phosphorus removal (SCPR) process has been widely applied in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) due to the high phosphorus removal efficiency through the synergy of biological and chemical phosphorus removal (BPR and CPR). However, phosphorus removal reagents could affect the bacterial community structure in the SCPR system and further affect the BPR process. The BPR phenotypes and community structures in the SCPR system, especially the population of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs), are not completely clear. In order to clarify these problems, the phosphorus removal performance and the PAO population in a full-scale SCPR system were investigated. Results showed that diverse PAOs still existed in the SCPR system though the BPR phenotypes were not observed. However, the relative abundances of Accumulibacter and Tetrasphaera, the two most important genera of PAOs, were only 0.59% and 0.20%, respectively, while the relative abundances of Competibacter and Defluviicoccus, two genera of glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs), were as high as 5.77% and 1.28%, respectively. Batch tests showed that PAOs in the SCPR system still had a certain polyphosphate accumulating metabolic activity, which could gradually recover after stopping the addition of chemical reagents. This study provided a microbiological basis for the SCPR system to recover the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) performance under suitable conditions, which could reduce the dosage of chemical reagents and the operational cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baogui Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No.100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Erlong Jiao
- Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yu Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No.100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Qingan Meng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No.100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No.100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No.100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100124, China
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22
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Dorofeev AG, Nikolaev YA, Mardanov AV, Pimenov NV. Role of Phosphate-Accumulating Bacteria in Biological Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Phylogenomics of Rhodocyclales and its distribution in wastewater treatment systems. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3883. [PMID: 32127605 PMCID: PMC7054561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodocyclales is an abundant bacterial order in wastewater treatment systems and putatively plays key roles in multiple functions. Its phylogenomics, prevalence of denitrifying genes in sub-lineages and distribution in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) worldwide have not been well characterized. In the present study, we collected 78 Rhodocyclales genomes, including 17 from type strains, non-type strains and genome bins contributed by this study. Phylogenomics indicated that the order could be divided into five family-level lineages. With only a few exceptions (mostly in Rhodocyclaceae), nirS-containing genomes in this order usually contained the downstream genes of norB and nosZ. Multicopy of denitrifying genes occurred frequently and events of within-order horizontal transfer of denitrifying genes were phylogenetically deduced. The distribution of Rhodocyclaceae, Zoogloeaceae and Azonexaceae in global WWTPs were significantly governed by temperature, mixed liquor suspended solids, etc. Metagenomic survey showed that the order generally ranked at the top or second for different denitrifying genes in wastewater treatment systems. Our results provided comprehensive genomic insights into the phylogeny and features of denitrifying genes of Rhodocyclales. Its contribution to the denitrifying gene pool in WWTPs was proved.
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24
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Onnis-Hayden A, Majed N, Li Y, Rahman SM, Drury D, Risso L, Gu AZ. Impact of solid residence time (SRT) on functionally relevant microbial populations and performance in full-scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:389-402. [PMID: 31329319 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of the impact of solid residence time (SRT) on microbial ecology and performance of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process in full-scale systems have been scarce due to the challenges in isolating and examining the SRT from other complex plant-specific factors. This study performed a comprehensive evaluation of the influence of SRT on polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) dynamics and on P removal performance at Clark County Water Reclamation District Facility in Las Vegas, USA. Five parallel treatment trains with separated clarifiers were operated with five different SRTs ranging from 6 to 40 days. Microbial community analysis using multiple molecular and Raman techniques suggested that the relative abundances and diversity of PAOs and GAOs in EBPR systems are highly affected by the SRT. The resultant EBPR system stability and performance can be potentially controlled and optimized by manipulating the system SRT, and shorter SRT (<10 days) seems to be preferred. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Phosphorus removal performance and kinetics are highly affected by the operational solid residence time (SRT), with lower and more stable effluent P level achieved at SRT < 10 days. Excessive long SRTs above that needed for nitrification may harm EBPR performance; additionally, excessive long SRT may favor GAOs to dominate over PAOs and thus further reducing efficient use of rbCOD for EBPR. Microbial population abundance and diversity, especially those functionally relevant PAOs and GAOs, can impact the P removal performances, and they are highly dependent on the operational solid residence time. EBPR performance can be potentially controlled and optimized by manipulating the system SRT, and shorter SRT (≤10 days) seems to be preferred at the influent rbCOD/P ratio and environmental conditions as in the plant studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nehreen Majed
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yueyun Li
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Black & Veatch, Walnut Creek, California
| | - Sheikh Mokhlesur Rahman
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Douglas Drury
- Clark County Water Reclamation District, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - LeAnna Risso
- Clark County Water Reclamation District, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - April Z Gu
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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Gao FZ, Zou HY, Wu DL, Chen S, He LY, Zhang M, Bai H, Ying GG. Swine farming elevated the proliferation of Acinetobacter with the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in the groundwater. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 136:105484. [PMID: 31999967 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Swine farming generates a large amount of wastes containing various contaminants, resulting in environmental contamination and human health problems. Here we investigated the contamination profiles of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) as well as microbial community in groundwater of the two villages with or without swine farms, and then assessed the human exposure risks of antibiotics, ARGs and indicator bacteria through drinking groundwater. The results showed that swine farming could lead to enhanced concentration levels of various veterinary antibiotics and ARGs in the groundwater in comparison to the reference village without swine farming. The microbial diversity of groundwater was significantly decreased with predominance of conditional pathogens Acinetobacter (up to 90%) in some wells of the swine farming village. Meanwhile, the abundance of Acinetobacter was significantly correlated to bacterial abundance, ARGs and integrons. The local residents could ingest various antibiotic residues and ARGs as well as pathogens, with daily intake of Acinetobacter up to approximately 10 billion CFU/resident through drinking groundwater contaminated by swine farming. The findings from this study suggest potential health risks of changing gut microbial community and resistome by drinking contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Zhou Gao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zou
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dai-Ling Wu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liang-Ying He
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong Bai
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Kotlyarov RY, Beletsky AV, Kallistova AY, Dorofeev AG, Nikolaev YA, Pimenov NV, Ravin NV, Mardanov AV. A Novel Phosphate-Accumulating Bacterium Identified in a Bioreactor for Phosphate Removal from Wastewater. Microbiology (Reading) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261719060055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Density-Based Separation of Microbial Functional Groups in Activated Sludge. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17010376. [PMID: 31935958 PMCID: PMC6981482 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic understanding of how activated sludge (AS) solids density influences wastewater treatment processing is limited. Because microbial groups often generate and store intracellular inclusions during certain metabolic processes, it is hypothesized that some microorganisms, like polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs), would have higher biomass densities. The present study developed a density-based separation approach and applied it to suspended growth AS in two full-scale domestic water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs). Incorporating quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses, the research demonstrated the effectiveness of density-based separation in enriching key microbial functional groups, including ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and PAOs, by up to 90-fold in target biomass fractions. It was observed that WRRF process functionalities have significant influence on density-based enrichment, such that maximum enrichments were achieved in the sludge fraction denser than 1.036 g/cm3 for the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) facility and in the sludge fraction lighter than 1.030 g/cm3 for the non-EBPR facility. Our results provide important information on the relationship between biomass density and enrichment of microbial functional groups in AS, contributing to future designs of enhanced biological treatment processes for improved AS settleability and performance.
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Profiling population-level diversity and dynamics of Accumulibacter via high throughput sequencing of ppk1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9711-9722. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Dorofeev AG, Nikolaev YA, Mardanov AV, Pimenov NV. Cyclic Metabolism as a Mode of Microbial Existence. Microbiology (Reading) 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261719040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Population Structure and Morphotype Analysis of " Candidatus Accumulibacter" Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization-Staining-Flow Cytometry. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.02943-18. [PMID: 30824450 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02943-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
"Candidatus Accumulibacter" is the dominant polyphosphate-accumulating organism (PAO) in denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPR) systems. In order to investigate the community structure and clade morphotypes of "Candidatus Accumulibacter" in DPR systems through flow cytometry (FCM), denitrifying phosphorus removal of almost 100% using nitrite and nitrate as the electron acceptor was achieved in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). An optimal method of flow cytometry combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization and SYBR green I staining (FISH-staining-flow cytometry) was developed to quantify PAOs in DPR systems. By setting the width value of FCM, bacterial cells in a sludge sample were divided into three groups in different morphotypes, namely, coccus, coccobacillus, and bacillus. Average percentages that the three different PAO populations accounted for among total bacteria from SBR1 (SBR2) were 42% (45%), 14% (13%), and 4% (2%). FCM showed that the ratios of PAOs to total bacteria in the two reactors were 61% and 59%, and the quantitative PCR (qPCR) results indicated that IIC was the dominant "Candidatus Accumulibacter" clade in both denitrifying phosphorus removal systems, reaching 50% of the total "Candidatus Accumulibacter" bacteria. The subdominant clade in the reactor with nitrite as the electron acceptor was IID, accounting for 31% of the total "Candidatus Accumulibacter" bacteria. The FCM and qPCR results suggested that clades IIC and IID were both coccus, clade IIF was coccobacillus, and clade IA was bacillus. FISH analysis also indicated that PAOs were major cocci in the systems. An equivalence test of FCM-based quantification confirmed the accuracy of FISH-staining-flow cytometry, which can meet the quantitative requirements for PAOs in complex activated sludge samples.IMPORTANCE As one group of the most important functional phosphorus removal organisms, "Candidatus Accumulibacter," affiliated with the Rhodocyclus group of the Betaproteobacteria, is a widely recognized and studied PAO in the field of biological wastewater treatment. The morphotypes and population structure of clade-level "Candidatus Accumulibacter" were studied through novel FISH-staining-flow cytometry, which involved denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPR) achieving carbon and energy savings and simultaneous removal of N and P, thus inferring the different denitrifying phosphorus removal abilities of these clades. Additionally, based on this method, in situ quantification for specific polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) enables a more efficient process and more accurate result. The establishment of FISH-staining-flow cytometry makes cell sorting of clade-level noncultivated organisms available.
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Re-evaluating the microbiology of the enhanced biological phosphorus removal process. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 57:111-118. [PMID: 30959426 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have critically assessed some of the dogmas in the microbiology of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) and argue that the genus Tetrasphaera can be as important as Ca. Accumulibacter for phosphorus removal; and that proliferation of their competitors, the glycogen accumulating organisms, does not appear to be a practical problem for EBPR efficiency even under tropical conditions. An increasing number of EBPR-related genomes are changing our understanding of their physiology, for example, their potential to participate in denitrification. Rather than trying to identify organisms that adhere to strict phenotype metabolic models, we advocate for broader analyses of the whole microbial communities in EBPR plants by iterative studies with isolates, lab enrichments, and full-scale systems.
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Watson SJ, Needoba JA, Peterson TD. Widespread detection of Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis, a polyphosphate-accumulating organism, in sediments of the Columbia River estuary. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:1369-1382. [PMID: 30815950 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) exploits the metabolism of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) to remove excess phosphorus (P) from wastewater treatment. Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis (Accumulibacter) is the most abundant and well-studied PAO in EBPR systems. In a previous study, we detected polyphosphates throughout peripheral bay sediments, and hypothesized that an estuary is an ideal setting to evaluate PAOs in a natural system, given that estuaries are characterized by dynamic dissolved oxygen fluctuations that potentially favour PAO metabolism. We detected nucleotide sequences attributable to Accumulibacter (16S rRNA, ppk1) in sediments within three peripheral bays of the Columbia River estuary at abundances rivalling those observed in conventional wastewater treatment plants (0.01%-2.6%). Most of the sequences attributable to Accumulibacter were Type I rather than Type II, despite the fact that the estuary does not have particularly high nutrient concentrations. The highest diversity of Accumulibacter was observed in oligohaline peripheral bays, while the greatest abundances were observed at the mouth of the estuary in mesohaline sediments in the spring and summer. In addition, an approximately 70% increase in polyphosphate concentrations observed at one of the sites between dawn and dusk suggests that PAOs may play an important role in P cycling in estuary sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheree J Watson
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joseph A Needoba
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Tawnya D Peterson
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Qiu G, Zuniga-Montanez R, Law Y, Thi SS, Nguyen TQN, Eganathan K, Liu X, Nielsen PH, Williams RBH, Wuertz S. Polyphosphate-accumulating organisms in full-scale tropical wastewater treatment plants use diverse carbon sources. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 149:496-510. [PMID: 30476778 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is considered challenging in the tropics, based on a great number of laboratory-based studies showing that the polyphosphate-accumulating organism (PAO) Candidatus Accumulibacter does not compete well with glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) at temperatures above 25 °C. Yet limited information is available on the PAO community and the metabolic capabilities in full-scale EBPR systems operating at high temperature. We studied the composition of the key functional PAO communities in three full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with high in-situ EBPR activity in Singapore, their EBPR-associated carbon usage characteristics, and the relationship between carbon usage and community composition. Each plant had a signature community composed of diverse putative PAOs with multiple operational taxonomic units (OTUs) affiliated to Ca. Accumulibacter, Tetrasphaera spp., Dechloromonas and Ca. Obscuribacter. Despite the differences in community composition, ex-situ anaerobic phosphorus (P)-release tests with 24 organic compounds from five categories (including four sugars, three alcohols, three volatile fatty acids (VFAs), eight amino acids and six other carboxylic acids) showed that a wide range of organic compounds could potentially contribute to EBPR. VFAs induced the highest P release (12.0-18.2 mg P/g MLSS for acetate with a P release-to-carbon uptake (P:C) ratio of 0.35-0.66 mol P/mol C, 9.4-18.5 mg P/g MLSS for propionate with a P:C ratio of 0.38-0.60, and 9.5-17.3 mg P/g MLSS for n-butyrate), followed by some carboxylic acids (10.1-18.1 mg P/g MLSS for pyruvate, 4.5-11.7 mg P/g MLSS for lactate and 3.7-12.4 mg P/g MLSS for fumarate) and amino acids (3.66-7.33 mg P/g MLSS for glutamate with a P:C ratio of 0.16-0.43 mol P/mol C, and 4.01-7.37 mg P/g MLSS for aspartate with a P:C ratio of 0.17-0.48 mol P/mol C). P-release profiles (induced by different carbon sources) correlated closely with PAO community composition. High micro-diversity was observed within the Ca. Accumulibacter lineage, which represented the most abundant PAOs. The total population of Ca. Accumulibacter taxa was highly correlated with P-release induced by VFAs, highlighting the latter's importance in tropical EBPR systems. There was a strong link between the relative abundance of individual Ca. Accumulibacter OTUs and the extent of P release induced by distinct carbon sources (e.g., OTU 81 and amino acids, and OTU 246 and ethanol), suggesting niche differentiation among Ca. Accumulibacter taxa. A diverse PAO community and the ability to use numerous organic compounds are considered key factors for stable EBPR in full-scale plants at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Qiu
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
| | - Rogelio Zuniga-Montanez
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yingyu Law
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Sara Swa Thi
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Thi Quynh Ngoc Nguyen
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Kaliyamoorthy Eganathan
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Xianghui Liu
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Per H Nielsen
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore; Centre for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Rohan B H Williams
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Stefan Wuertz
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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Integrated Omic Analyses Provide Evidence that a " Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis" Strain Performs Denitrification under Microaerobic Conditions. mSystems 2019; 4:mSystems00193-18. [PMID: 30944872 PMCID: PMC6446978 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00193-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of "Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis" to grow and remove phosphorus from wastewater under cycling anaerobic and aerobic conditions has also been investigated as a metabolism that could lead to simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by a single organism. However, although phosphorus removal under cyclic anaerobic and anoxic conditions has been demonstrated, clarifying the role of "Ca. Accumulibacter phosphatis" in this process has been challenging, since (i) experimental research describes contradictory findings, (ii) none of the published "Ca. Accumulibacter phosphatis" genomes show the existence of a complete respiratory pathway for denitrification, and (iii) some genomes lacking a complete respiratory pathway have genes for assimilatory nitrate reduction. In this study, we used an integrated omics analysis to elucidate the physiology of a "Ca. Accumulibacter phosphatis" strain enriched in a reactor operated under cyclic anaerobic and microaerobic conditions. The reactor's performance suggested the ability of the enriched "Ca. Accumulibacter phosphatis" strain (clade IC) to simultaneously use oxygen and nitrate as electron acceptors under microaerobic conditions. A draft genome of this organism was assembled from metagenomic reads ("Ca. Accumulibacter phosphatis" UW-LDO-IC) and used as a reference to examine transcript abundance throughout one reactor cycle. The genome of UW-LDO-IC revealed the presence of a full pathway for respiratory denitrification. The observed transcript abundance patterns showed evidence of coregulation of the denitrifying genes along with a cbb 3 cytochrome, which has been characterized as having high affinity for oxygen. Furthermore, we identified an FNR-like binding motif upstream of the coregulated genes, suggesting transcription-level regulation of both denitrifying and respiratory pathways in UW-LDO-IC. Taking the results together, the omics analysis provides strong evidence that "Ca. Accumulibacter phosphatis" UW-LDO-IC uses oxygen and nitrate simultaneously as electron acceptors under microaerobic conditions. IMPORTANCE "Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis" is widely found in full-scale wastewater treatment plants, where it has been identified as the key organism for biological removal of phosphorus. Since aeration can account for 50% of the energy use during wastewater treatment, microaerobic conditions for wastewater treatment have emerged as a cost-effective alternative to conventional biological nutrient removal processes. Our report provides strong genomics-based evidence not only that "Ca. Accumulibacter phosphatis" is the main organism contributing to phosphorus removal under microaerobic conditions but also that this organism simultaneously respires nitrate and oxygen in this environment, consequently removing nitrogen and phosphorus from the wastewater. Such activity could be harnessed in innovative designs for cost-effective and energy-efficient optimization of wastewater treatment systems.
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Leventhal GE, Boix C, Kuechler U, Enke TN, Sliwerska E, Holliger C, Cordero OX. Strain-level diversity drives alternative community types in millimetre-scale granular biofilms. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:1295-1303. [DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Zeng W, Zhang L, Fan P, Guo J, Peng Y. Community structures and population dynamics of "Candidatus Accumulibacter" in activated sludges of wastewater treatment plants using ppk1 as phylogenetic marker. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 67:237-248. [PMID: 29778158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Candidatus Accumulibacter has been identified as dominant polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) in enhanced biological phosphorus (P) removal (EBPR) from wastewater. This study revealed the relevance of community structure, abundance and seasonal population dynamics of Candidatus Accumulibacter to process operation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in China using ppk1 gene as phylogenetic marker. All sludge samples had properties of denitrifying P removal using nitrate as an electron acceptor. Accumulibacter abundance in the anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2O) process was the highest (26% of total bacteria), and higher in winter than in summer with a better EBPR performance. Type-II was the dominant Accumulibacter in all processes, and type-I accounted for a small proportion of total Accumulibacter. The abundance of Clade-IIC as the most dominant clade reached 2.59×109 cells/g MLSS and accounted for 87.3% of total Accumulibacter. Clade IIC mainly contributed to denitrifying P removal. Clades IIA, IIC and IID were found in all processes, while clade-IIF was only found in oxidation ditch process through phylogenetic analysis. High proportion of clade IID to total Accumulibacter led to poor performance of aerobic P-uptake in inverted A2O process. Therefore, Accumulibacter clades in WWTPs were diverse, and EBPR performance was closely related to the clade-level community structures and abundances of Accumulibacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Limin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Pengchao Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Wang Z, Dunne A, van Loosdrecht MCM, Saikaly PE. Effect of Salt on the Metabolism of ' Candidatus Accumulibacter' Clade I and II. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:479. [PMID: 29616002 PMCID: PMC5865004 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Saline wastewater is known to affect the performance of phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process. However, studies comparing the effect of salinity on different PAO clades are lacking. In this study, ‘Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis’ Clade I and II (hereafter referred to as PAOI and PAOII) were highly enriched (∼90% in relative abundance as determined by quantitative FISH) in the form of granules in two sequencing batch reactors. Anaerobic and aerobic batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity on the kinetics and stoichiometry of PAOI and PAOII. PAOI and PAOII communities showed different priority in using polyphosphate (poly-P) and glycogen to generate ATP in the anaerobic phase when exposed to salt, with PAOI depending more on intracellular poly-P degradation (e.g., the proportion of calculated ATP derived from poly-P increased by 5–6% at 0.256 mol/L NaCl or KCl) while PAOII on glycolysis of intracellularly stored glycogen (e.g., the proportion of calculated ATP derived from glycogen increased by 29–30% at 0.256 mol/L NaCl or KCl). In the aerobic phase, the loss of phosphate uptake capability was more pronounced in PAOII due to the higher energy cost to synthesize their larger glycogen pool compared to PAOI. For both PAOI and PAOII, aerobic conversion rates were more sensitive to salt than anaerobic conversion rates. Potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) ions exhibited different effect regardless of the enriched PAO culture, suggesting that the composition of salt is an important factor to consider when studying the effect of salt on EBPR performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Wang
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aislinn Dunne
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Pascal E Saikaly
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Nittami T, Mukai M, Uematsu K, Yoon LW, Schroeder S, Chua ASM, Fukuda J, Fujita M, Seviour RJ. Effects of different carbon sources on enhanced biological phosphorus removal and “Candidatus Accumulibacter” community composition under continuous aerobic condition. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:8607-8619. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Zeng W, Bai X, Guo Y, Li N, Peng Y. Interaction of “ Candidatus Accumulibacter” and nitrifying bacteria to achieve energy-efficient denitrifying phosphorus removal via nitrite pathway from sewage. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 105:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Nurmiyanto A, Kodera H, Kindaichi T, Ozaki N, Aoi Y, Ohashi A. Dominant Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis Enriched in Response to Phosphate Concentrations in EBPR Process. Microbes Environ 2017; 32:260-267. [PMID: 28890468 PMCID: PMC5606696 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me17020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis (Accumulibacter), which plays an important role in enhanced biological phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment plants, is phylogenetically classified into two major types (Types I and II). Phosphate concentrations affect the Accumulibacter community of the biomass enriched in treatment plants. Therefore, in the present study, Accumulibacter enrichments were conducted using a down-flow hanging sponge reactor under five conditions and a wide range of controlled phosphate concentrations in order to investigate how phosphate governs the community. We found that excessive phosphate levels inhibited Accumulibacter activity, that this inhibitory effect was greater for Type II. In addition, the affinity of Type II for phosphate was higher than that of Type I. Type IIA-B dominated at a phosphate concentration less than 5 mg P L-1, while Type IA was dominant at 50 and 500 mg P L-1. These patterns of enrichment may be explained by an inhibition kinetics model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awaluddin Nurmiyanto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University.,Department of Environmental Engineering, Islamic University of Indonesia (UII)
| | - Hiroya Kodera
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University
| | | | | | - Yoshiteru Aoi
- Graduated School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Hiroshima University
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41
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Islam MS, Zhang Y, Dong S, McPhedran KN, Rashed EM, El-Shafei MM, Noureldin AM, Gamal El-Din M. Dynamics of microbial community structure and nutrient removal from an innovative side-stream enhanced biological phosphorus removal process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 198:300-307. [PMID: 28477571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological phosphorous (P) and nitrogen (N) removal from municipal wastewater was studied using an innovative anoxic-aerobic-anaerobic side-stream treatment system. The impact of influent water quality including chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium and orthophosphate concentrations on the reactor performance was evaluated. The results showed the system was very effective at removing both COD (>88%) and NH4+-N (>96%) despite varying influent concentrations of COD, NH4+-N, and total PO43--P. In contrast, it was found that the removal of P was sensitive to influent NH4+-N and PO43--P concentrations. The maximum PO43--P removal of 79% was achieved with the lowest influent NH4+-N and PO43--P concentration. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays showed a high abundance and diversity of phosphate accumulating organisms (PAO), nitrifiers and denitrifiers. The MiSeq microbial community structure analysis showed that the Proteobacteria (especially β-Proteobacteria, and γ-Proteobacteria) were the dominant in all reactors. Further analysis of the bacteria indicated the presence of diverse PAO genera including Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis, Tetrasphaera, and Rhodocyclus, and the denitrifying PAO (DPAO) genus Dechloromonas. Interestingly, no glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) were detected in any of the reactors, suggesting the advantage of proposed process in term of PAO selection for enhanced P removal compared with conventional main-stream processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahinoor Islam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shimiao Dong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kerry N McPhedran
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ehab M Rashed
- Sanitary & Environmental Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha M El-Shafei
- Housing and Building National Research Center(HBRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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42
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Zeng W, Wang A, Li C, Guo Y, Peng Y. Population dynamics of “ Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis” under the modes of complete nitrification and partial nitrification (nitritation) in domestic wastewater treatment system. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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43
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Stokholm-Bjerregaard M, McIlroy SJ, Nierychlo M, Karst SM, Albertsen M, Nielsen PH. A Critical Assessment of the Microorganisms Proposed to be Important to Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal in Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Systems. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:718. [PMID: 28496434 PMCID: PMC5406452 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the microbiology of phosphorus (P) removal is considered essential to knowledge-based optimization of enhanced biological P removal (EBPR) systems. Biological P removal is achieved in these systems by promoting the growth of organisms collectively known as the polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). Also considered important to EBPR are the glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs), which are theorized to compete with the PAOs for resources at the expense of P removal efficiency. Numerous studies have sought to identify the PAOs and their GAOs competitors, with several candidates proposed for each over the last few decades. The current study collectively assessed the abundance and diversity of all proposed PAOs and GAOs in 18 Danish full-scale wastewater treatment plants with well-working biological nutrient removal over a period of 9 years using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The microbial community structure in all plants was relatively stable over time. Evidence for the role of the proposed PAOs and GAOs in EBPR varies and is critically assessed, in light of their calculated amplicon abundances, to indicate which of these are important in full-scale systems. Bacteria from the genus Tetrasphaera were the most abundant of the PAOs. The “Candidatus Accumulibacter” PAOs were in much lower abundance and appear to be biased by the amplicon-based method applied. The genera Dechloromonas, Microlunatus, and Tessaracoccus were identified as abundant putative PAO that require further research attention. Interestingly, the actinobacterial Micropruina and sbr-gs28 phylotypes were among the most abundant of the putative GAOs. Members of the genera Defluviicoccus, Propionivibrio, the family Competibacteraceae, and the spb280 group were also relatively abundant in some plants. Despite observed high abundances of GAOs (periodically exceeding 20% of the amplicon reads), P removal performance was maintained, indicating that these organisms were not outcompeting the PAOs in these EBPR systems. Phylogenetic diversity within each of the PAOs and GAOs genera was observed, which is consistent with reported metabolic diversity for these. Whether or not key traits can be assigned to sub-genus level clades requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Stokholm-Bjerregaard
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
| | - Simon J McIlroy
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
| | - Marta Nierychlo
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren M Karst
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
| | - Mads Albertsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
| | - Per H Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
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44
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Gao H, Liu M, Griffin JS, Xu L, Xiang D, Scherson YD, Liu WT, Wells GF. Complete Nutrient Removal Coupled to Nitrous Oxide Production as a Bioenergy Source by Denitrifying Polyphosphate-Accumulating Organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:4531-4540. [PMID: 28212019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Coupled aerobic-anoxic nitrous decomposition operation (CANDO) is a promising emerging bioprocess for wastewater treatment that enables direct energy recovery from nitrogen (N) in three steps: (1) ammonium oxidation to nitrite; (2) denitrification of nitrite to nitrous oxide (N2O); and (3) N2O conversion to N2 with energy generation. However, CANDO does not currently target phosphorus (P) removal. Here, we demonstrate that denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organism (PAO) enrichment cultures are capable of catalyzing simultaneous biological N and P removal coupled to N2O generation in a second generation CANDO process, CANDO+P. Over 7 months (>300 cycles) of operation of a prototype lab-scale CANDO+P sequencing batch reactor treating synthetic municipal wastewater, we observed stable and near-complete N removal accompanied by sustained high-rate, high-yield N2O production with partial P removal. A substantial increase in abundance of the PAO Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis was observed, increasing from 5% of the total bacterial community in the inoculum to over 50% after 4 months. PAO enrichment was accompanied by a strong shift in the dominant Accumulibacter population from clade IIC to clade IA, based on qPCR monitoring of polyphosphate kinase 1 (ppk1) gene variants. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of combining high-rate, high-yield N2O production for bioenergy production with combined N and P removal from wastewater, and it further suggests a putative denitrifying PAO niche for Accumulibacter clade IA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinoisat Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Wen-Tso Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinoisat Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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45
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Coats ER, Brinkman CK, Lee S. Characterizing and contrasting the microbial ecology of laboratory and full-scale EBPR systems cultured on synthetic and real wastewaters. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 108:124-136. [PMID: 27814897 PMCID: PMC5176642 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The anthropogenic discharge of phosphorus (P) into surface waters can induce the proliferation of cyanobacteria and algae, which can negatively impact water quality. Enhanced biological P removal (EBPR) is an engineered process that can be employed to efficiently remove significant quantities of P from wastewater. Within this engineered system, the mixed microbial consortium (MMC) becomes enriched with polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). To date much knowledge has been developed on PAOs, and the EBPR process is generally well understood; nonetheless, the engineered process remains underutilized. In this study, investigations were conducted using qPCR and Illumina MiSeq to assess the impacts of wastewater (synthetic vs. real) on EBPR microbial ecology. While a strong relationship was demonstrated between EBPR metrics (P:C; influent VFA:P) and excellent P removal across diverse EBPR systems and MMCs, no such correlations existed with the specific MMCs. Moreover, MMCs exhibited distinct clusters based on substrate, and qPCR results based on the putative PAO Accumulibacter did not correlate with BLASTN eubacterial results for either Accumulibacter or Rhodocyclaceae. More critically, PAO-based sequences aligned poorly with Accumulibacter for both eubacterial and PAO primer sets, which strongly suggests that the conventional PAO primers applied in FISH and qPCR analysis do not sufficiently target the putative PAO Accumulibacter. In particular, negligible alignment was observed for PAO amplicons obtained from a MMC performing excellent EBPR on crude glycerol (an atypical substrate). A synthetic wastewater-based MMC exhibited the best observed BLASTN match of the PAO amplicons, raising concerns about the potential relevance in using synthetic substrates in the study of EBPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Coats
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1022, USA.
| | - Cynthia K Brinkman
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1022, USA
| | - Stephen Lee
- Department of Statistics, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1104, USA
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46
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Aoi Y, Kaneko Y, Tsuneda S. pH-gradient ion-exchange microbial cell chromatography as a simple method for microbial separation. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 123:431-436. [PMID: 27923729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Selective separation of specific microbial types from a heterogeneous microbial population, such as an environmental microbial community, is an important process for microbial research and biotechnological industries. In the present study, pH-gradient ion-exchange microbial cell chromatography (PIE-MCC) was developed as a new method for microbial separation. The proposed method enables target microorganisms to be separated from a microbial community based on differences in microbial surface characteristics, because these characteristics, such as the ζ (zeta)-potential, vary among microbial cells. PIE-MCC was conducted by controlling the adhesion and detachment of microbial cells to and from the carrier surface by manipulating the pH of the running buffer. As a proof of concept, microbial cell separation via PIE-MCC was demonstrated using pure-cultured strains, model mixtures of two different pure-cultured strains, and an environmental sample targeting uncultivated microorganisms; i.e., each pure-cultured strain showed unique chromatograms; specific single species were separated from the model mixture; and a specific, uncultivated target was separated from the environmental sample. The ζ-potential of several tested strains suggested that not only electrostatic interactions, but also other factors affected microbial adhesion to the carrier surface. The newly developed method has several potential advantages compared with other techniques, not only in terms of its microbial separation capability, but also in terms of its simplicity and ability to be scaled up. Thus, the method has the potential to be widely used for a variety of purposes in the microbiology and biotechnology fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Aoi
- Institute for Sustainable Sciences and Developments, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Yuji Kaneko
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsuneda
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
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47
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Mardanov AV, Beletskii AV, Kallistova AY, Kotlyarov RY, Nikolaev YA, Kevbrina MV, Agarev AM, Ravin NV, Pimenov NV. Dynamics of the composition of a microbial consortium during start-up of a single-stage constant flow laboratory nitritation/anammox setup. Microbiology (Reading) 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s002626171606014x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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48
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Camejo PY, Owen BR, Martirano J, Ma J, Kapoor V, Santo Domingo J, McMahon KD, Noguera DR. Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis clades enriched under cyclic anaerobic and microaerobic conditions simultaneously use different electron acceptors. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 102:125-137. [PMID: 27340814 PMCID: PMC7323474 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lab- and pilot-scale simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal-sequencing batch reactors were operated under cyclic anaerobic and micro-aerobic conditions. The use of oxygen, nitrite, and nitrate as electron acceptors by Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis during the micro-aerobic stage was investigated. A complete clade-level characterization of Accumulibacter in both reactors was performed using newly designed qPCR primers targeting the polyphosphate kinase gene (ppk1). In the lab-scale reactor, limited-oxygen conditions led to an alternated dominance of Clade IID and IC over the other clades. Results from batch tests when Clade IC was dominant (i.e., >92% of Accumulibacter) showed that this clade was capable of using oxygen, nitrite and nitrate as electron acceptors for P uptake. A more heterogeneous distribution of clades was found in the pilot-scale system (Clades IIA, IIB, IIC, IID, IA, and IC), and in this reactor, oxygen, nitrite and nitrate were also used as electron acceptors coupled to phosphorus uptake. However, nitrite was not an efficient electron acceptor in either reactor, and nitrate allowed only partial P removal. The results from the Clade IC dominated reactor indicated that either organisms in this clade can simultaneously use multiple electron acceptors under micro-aerobic conditions, or that the use of multiple electron acceptors by Clade IC is due to significant microdiversity within the Accumulibacter clades defined using the ppk1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Y Camejo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Brian R Owen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Joseph Martirano
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Juan Ma
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, China.
| | - Vikram Kapoor
- Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | | | - Katherine D McMahon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Daniel R Noguera
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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49
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Albertsen M, McIlroy SJ, Stokholm-Bjerregaard M, Karst SM, Nielsen PH. "Candidatus Propionivibrio aalborgensis": A Novel Glycogen Accumulating Organism Abundant in Full-Scale Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Plants. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1033. [PMID: 27458436 PMCID: PMC4930944 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is widely used to remove phosphorus from wastewater. The process relies on polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) that are able to take up phosphorus in excess of what is needed for growth, whereby phosphorus can be removed from the wastewater by wasting the biomass. However, glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) may reduce the EBPR efficiency as they compete for substrates with PAOs, but do not store excessive amounts of polyphosphate. PAOs and GAOs are thought to be phylogenetically unrelated, with the model PAO being the betaproteobacterial “Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis” (Accumulibacter) and the model GAO being the gammaproteobacterial “Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis”. Here, we report the discovery of a GAO from the genus Propionivibrio, which is closely related to Accumulibacter. Propionivibrio sp. are targeted by the canonical fluorescence in situ hybridization probes used to target Accumulibacter (PAOmix), but do not store excessive amounts of polyphosphate in situ. A laboratory scale reactor, operated to enrich for PAOs, surprisingly contained co-dominant populations of Propionivibrio and Accumulibacter. Metagenomic sequencing of multiple time-points enabled recovery of near complete population genomes from both genera. Annotation of the Propionivibrio genome confirmed their potential for the GAO phenotype and a basic metabolic model is proposed for their metabolism in the EBPR environment. Using newly designed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes, analyses of full-scale EBPR plants revealed that Propionivibrio is a common member of the community, constituting up to 3% of the biovolume. To avoid overestimation of Accumulibacter abundance in situ, we recommend the use of the FISH probe PAO651 instead of the commonly applied PAOmix probe set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Albertsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Simon J McIlroy
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Stokholm-Bjerregaard
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark; Krüger A/SAalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren M Karst
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Per H Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Aalborg, Denmark
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50
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Tarayre C, Nguyen HT, Brognaux A, Delepierre A, De Clercq L, Charlier R, Michels E, Meers E, Delvigne F. Characterisation of Phosphate Accumulating Organisms and Techniques for Polyphosphate Detection: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 16:E797. [PMID: 27258275 PMCID: PMC4934223 DOI: 10.3390/s16060797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate minerals have long been used for the production of phosphorus-based chemicals used in many economic sectors. However, these resources are not renewable and the natural phosphate stocks are decreasing. In this context, the research of new phosphate sources has become necessary. Many types of wastes contain non-negligible phosphate concentrations, such as wastewater. In wastewater treatment plants, phosphorus is eliminated by physicochemical and/or biological techniques. In this latter case, a specific microbiota, phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), accumulates phosphate as polyphosphate. This molecule can be considered as an alternative phosphate source, and is directly extracted from wastewater generated by human activities. This review focuses on the techniques which can be applied to enrich and try to isolate these PAOs, and to detect the presence of polyphosphate in microbial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Tarayre
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, Bât. G1 Bio-Industries, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Huu-Thanh Nguyen
- Natural Products and Industrial Biochemistry Research Group (NPIB), Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho, Tan Phong Ward, District 7, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, Bât. G1 Bio-Industries, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Alison Brognaux
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, Bât. G1 Bio-Industries, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Anissa Delepierre
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, Bât. G1 Bio-Industries, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Lies De Clercq
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Raphaëlle Charlier
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, Bât. G1 Bio-Industries, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Evi Michels
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Erik Meers
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Frank Delvigne
- Natural Products and Industrial Biochemistry Research Group (NPIB), Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho, Tan Phong Ward, District 7, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, Bât. G1 Bio-Industries, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
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