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Lu Q, Zhou Y, Qian Q, Chen Z, Tan Q, Chen H, Yin F, Wang Y, Liu Z, Tian P, Sun D. Whole-exome sequencing identifies high-confidence genes for tic disorders in a Chinese Han population. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 561:119759. [PMID: 38880274 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tic disorder (TD) is a polygenic neurodevelopmental disorder with high susceptibility. However, identifying high-confidence risk genes has been challenging due to poor replication across multiple studies. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed on 390 TD patients and 372 unaffected individuals in a Chinese Han population. Analysis of variance, burden analysis and in silico prediction were used to identify candidate genes for TD. To facilitate data analysis and to focus on high-confidence genes, we defined a panel of 160 genes as known causal or candidate TD genes from previous studies. Gene enrichment and protein-protein interaction analysis were utilized to detect potential novel TD risk genes. RESULTS Totally, 14 variants across 12 known TD candidate genes were considered potential susceptibility variants. Ten variants across 10 known TD candidate genes were identified as potential disease-causing variants. Burden analysis identified variants of 28 known genes were significantly excess in TD patients. In addition, 354 previously unproven TD genes are over-represented in patients. Genes enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling, sphingolipid metabolism and serotonergic synaptic pathways, as well as those interacting with FN1, were considered potential new candidate genes for TD. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest WES study focusing on TD patients in a Chinese Han population. Several variants recurring in our cohort were identified as high-confidence risk loci for TD. Moreover, we provided potential new risk genes that may be prioritized for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Puluo (Wuhan) Medical Biotechnology Co., LTD, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Marketing, Wuhan Kindstar Clinical Diagnostic Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Qian
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Puluo (Wuhan) Medical Biotechnology Co., LTD, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qianqian Tan
- Puluo (Wuhan) Medical Biotechnology Co., LTD, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Marketing, Wuhan Kindstar Clinical Diagnostic Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Haiyun Chen
- Puluo (Wuhan) Medical Biotechnology Co., LTD, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Marketing, Wuhan Kindstar Clinical Diagnostic Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Fan Yin
- Puluo (Wuhan) Medical Biotechnology Co., LTD, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Marketing, Wuhan Kindstar Clinical Diagnostic Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhisheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Peichao Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
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Ueda K, Black KJ. A Comprehensive Review of Tic Disorders in Children. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2479. [PMID: 34204991 PMCID: PMC8199885 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tics are characterized by sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic movement or vocalization, and are the most common movement disorders in children. Their onset is usually in childhood and tics often will diminish within one year. However, some of the tics can persist and cause various problems such as social embarrassment, physical discomfort, or emotional impairments, which could interfere with daily activities and school performance. Furthermore, tic disorders are frequently associated with comorbid neuropsychiatric symptoms, which can become more problematic than tic symptoms. Unfortunately, misunderstanding and misconceptions of tic disorders still exist among the general population. Understanding tic disorders and their comorbidities is important to deliver appropriate care to patients with tics. Several studies have been conducted to elucidate the clinical course, epidemiology, and pathophysiology of tics, but they are still not well understood. This article aims to provide an overview about tics and tic disorders, and recent findings on tic disorders including history, definition, diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, diagnostic approach, comorbidities, treatment and management, and differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Kevin J. Black
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Gallorini M, Carradori S. Understanding collagen interactions and their targeted regulation by novel drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1239-1260. [PMID: 34034595 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1933426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Among protein and fibers in the extracellular matrix (ECM), collagen is the most copious and widely employed in cosmetic, food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries due to its extensive biocompatible and versatile properties. In the last years, the knowledge about functions of collagens increased and expanded dramatically. Once considered only crucial for the ECM scaffolding and mechanotransduction, additional functional roles have now been ascribed to the collagen superfamily which are defined by other recently discovered domains, supramolecular assembly and receptors.Areas covered: Given the importance of each step in the collagen biosynthesis, folding and signaling, medicinal chemists have explored small molecules, peptides, and monoclonal antibodies to modulate enzymes, receptors and interactions with the physiological ligands of collagen. These compounds were also explored toward diseases and pathological conditions. The authors discuss this providing their expert perspectives on the subject area.Expert opinion: Understanding collagen protein properties and its interactome is beneficial for therapeutic drug design. Nevertheless, compounds targeting collagen-based interactome suffered from the presence of different isoforms for each target and the lack of specific 3D crystal structures able to guide properly drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Li L, Li H, Wang L, Bu T, Liu S, Mao B, Cheng CY. A local regulatory network in the testis mediated by laminin and collagen fragments that supports spermatogenesis. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 56:236-254. [PMID: 33761828 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1901255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is almost five decades since the discovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. This refers to the hormonal axis that connects the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and testes, which in turn, regulates the production of spermatozoa through spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules, and testosterone through steroidogenesis by Leydig cells in the interstitium, of the testes. Emerging evidence has demonstrated the presence of a regulatory network across the seminiferous epithelium utilizing bioactive molecules produced locally at specific domains of the epithelium. Studies have shown that biologically active fragments are produced from structural laminin and collagen chains in the basement membrane. Additionally, bioactive peptides are also produced locally in non-basement membrane laminin chains at the Sertoli-spermatid interface known as apical ectoplasmic specialization (apical ES, a testis-specific actin-based anchoring junction type). These bioactive peptides are derived from structural laminins and/or collagens at the corresponding sites through proteolytic cleavage by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). They in turn serve as autocrine and/or paracrine factors to modulate and coordinate cellular events across the epithelium by linking the apical and basal compartments, the apical and basal ES, the blood-testis barrier (BTB), and the basement membrane of the tunica propria. The cellular events supported by these bioactive peptides/fragments include the release of spermatozoa at spermiation, remodeling of the immunological barrier to facilitate the transport of preleptotene spermatocytes across the BTB, and the transport of haploid spermatids across the epithelium to support spermiogenesis. In this review, we critically evaluate these findings. Our goal is to identify research areas that deserve attentions in future years. The proposed research also provides the much needed understanding on the biology of spermatogenesis supported by a local network of regulatory biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huitao Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lingling Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tiao Bu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shiwen Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Baiping Mao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
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Investigation of previously implicated genetic variants in chronic tic disorders: a transmission disequilibrium test approach. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 268:301-316. [PMID: 28555406 PMCID: PMC5708161 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-017-0808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies in Tourette syndrome (TS) are characterized by scattered and poorly replicated findings. We aimed to replicate findings from candidate gene and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Our cohort included 465 probands with chronic tic disorder (93% TS) and both parents from 412 families (some probands were siblings). We assessed 75 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 465 parent-child trios; 117 additional SNPs in 211 trios; and 4 additional SNPs in 254 trios. We performed SNP and gene-based transmission disequilibrium tests and compared nominally significant SNP results with those from a large independent case-control cohort. After quality control 71 SNPs were available in 371 trios; 112 SNPs in 179 trios; and 3 SNPs in 192 trios. 17 were candidate SNPs implicated in TS and 2 were implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD); 142 were tagging SNPs from eight monoamine neurotransmitter-related genes (including dopamine and serotonin); 10 were top SNPs from TS GWAS; and 13 top SNPs from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, OCD, or ASD GWAS. None of the SNPs or genes reached significance after adjustment for multiple testing. We observed nominal significance for the candidate SNPs rs3744161 (TBCD) and rs4565946 (TPH2) and for five tagging SNPs; none of these showed significance in the independent cohort. Also, SLC1A1 in our gene-based analysis and two TS GWAS SNPs showed nominal significance, rs11603305 (intergenic) and rs621942 (PICALM). We found no convincing support for previously implicated genetic polymorphisms. Targeted re-sequencing should fully appreciate the relevance of candidate genes.
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Kidney development and perspectives for organ engineering. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:171-183. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Pagliaroli L, Vető B, Arányi T, Barta C. From Genetics to Epigenetics: New Perspectives in Tourette Syndrome Research. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:277. [PMID: 27462201 PMCID: PMC4940402 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by the appearance of multiple involuntary motor and vocal tics. TS presents high comorbidity rates with other disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). TS is highly heritable and has a complex polygenic background. However, environmental factors also play a role in the manifestation of symptoms. Different epigenetic mechanisms may represent the link between these two causalities. Epigenetic regulation has been shown to have an impact in the development of many neuropsychiatric disorders, however very little is known about its effects on Tourette Syndrome. This review provides a summary of the recent findings in genetic background of TS, followed by an overview on different epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in the regulation of gene expression. Epigenetic studies in other neurological and psychiatric disorders are discussed along with the TS-related epigenetic findings available in the literature to date. Moreover, we are proposing that some general epigenetic mechanisms seen in other neuropsychiatric disorders may also play a role in the pathogenesis of TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pagliaroli
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis UniversityBudapest, Hungary; Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary
| | - Borbála Vető
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Arányi
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 6214, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1083, University of AngersAngers, France
| | - Csaba Barta
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
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