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Yusuf IH, Burgoyne T, Salman A, McClements ME, MacLaren RE, Charbel Issa P. Rescue of cone and rod photoreceptor function in a CDHR1-model of age-related retinal degeneration. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1445-1460. [PMID: 38504520 PMCID: PMC11081940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of untreatable blindness in the developed world. Recently, CDHR1 has been identified as the cause of a subset of AMD that has the appearance of the "dry" form, or geographic atrophy. Biallelic variants in CDHR1-a specialized protocadherin highly expressed in cone and rod photoreceptors-result in blindness from shortened photoreceptor outer segments and progressive photoreceptor cell death. Here we demonstrate long-term morphological, ultrastructural, functional, and behavioral rescue following CDHR1 gene therapy in a relevant murine model, sustained to 23-months after injection. This represents the first demonstration of rescue of a monogenic cadherinopathy in vivo. Moreover, the durability of CDHR1 gene therapy seems to be near complete-with morphological findings of the rescued retina not obviously different from wildtype throughout the lifespan of the mouse model. A follow-on clinical trial in patients with CDHR1-associated retinal degeneration is warranted. Hypomorphic CDHR1 variants may mimic advanced dry AMD. Accurate clinical classification is now critical, as their pathogenesis and treatment are distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran H Yusuf
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Thomas Burgoyne
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Ahmed Salman
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Michelle E McClements
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Robert E MacLaren
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Peter Charbel Issa
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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Clinical Phenotypes of CDHR1-Associated Retinal Dystrophies. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050925. [PMID: 35627310 PMCID: PMC9140808 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal dystrophy phenotype associated with CDHR1 retinopathy is clinically heterogenous. In this study, we describe the clinical and molecular findings of a retinal dystrophy cohort (10 patients) attributed to autosomal recessive CDHR1 and report novel variants in populations not previously identified with CDHR1-related retinopathy. Seven patients had evaluations covering at least a three-year period. The mean age of individuals at first symptoms was 36 ± 8.5 years (range 5–45 years). Visual acuity at the last visit ranged from 20/20 to 20/2000 (mean LogMAR 0.8 or 20/125). Three clinical subgroups were identified: rod–cone dystrophy (RCD), cone–rod dystrophy (CRD), and maculopathy. Extinguished scotopic electroretinography responses were noted in the RCD patients. Macular involvement was noted in all patients and documented on color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, and optical coherence tomography. Notable asymmetry of the degree of macular atrophy was present in two patients. The possible association between CDHR1 variants and clinical findings was predicted using molecular modeling.
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Yusuf IH, Garrett A, MacLaren RE, Issa PC. Retinal cadherins and the retinal cadherinopathies: Current concepts and future directions. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 90:101038. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Dawood M, Lin S, Din TU, Shah IU, Khan N, Jan A, Marwan M, Sultan K, Nowshid M, Tahir R, Ahmed AN, Yasin M, Baple EL, Crosby AH, Saleha S. Novel mutations in PDE6A and CDHR1 cause retinitis pigmentosa in Pakistani families. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:1843-1851. [PMID: 34926197 PMCID: PMC8640774 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.12.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the genetic basis of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP) in two consanguineous/ endogamous Pakistani families. METHODS Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on genomic DNA samples of patients with arRP to identify disease causing mutations. Sanger sequencing was performed to confirm familial segregation of identified mutations, and potential pathogenicity was determined by predictions of the mutations' functions. RESULTS A novel homozygous frameshift mutation [NM_000440.2:c.1054delG, p. (Gln352Argfs*4); Chr5:g.149286886del (GRCh37)] in the PDE6A gene in an endogamous family and a novel homozygous splice site mutation [NM_033100.3:c.1168-1G>A, Chr10:g.85968484G>A (GRCh37)] in the CDHR1 gene in a consanguineous family were identified. The PDE6A variant p. (Gln352Argfs*4) was predicted to be deleterious or pathogenic, whilst the CDHR1 variant c.1168-1G>A was predicted to result in potential alteration of splicing. CONCLUSION This study expands the spectrum of genetic variants for arRP in Pakistani families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Dawood
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Siying Lin
- Medical Research, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre (Level 4), Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Taj Ud Din
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ullah Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology, KMU Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS) Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Niamat Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abid Jan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Marwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Komal Sultan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Maha Nowshid
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Raheel Tahir
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Asif Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasin
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Emma L. Baple
- Medical Research, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre (Level 4), Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Andrew H. Crosby
- Medical Research, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre (Level 4), Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Shamim Saleha
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Mermeklieva E, Kamenarova K, Mihova K, Shakola F, Kaneva R. A rare case of RGR/CDHR1 haplotype identified in Bulgarian patient with cone-rod dystrophy. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 42:747-752. [PMID: 34229535 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1946700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To present a rare clinical case of CDHR1-related retinopathy with cone and rod involvementconfirmed clinically, electrophysiologically and genetically as a cone-rod dystrophy. MATERIAL AND METHODS A 26-year-old woman underwent detailed ophthalmic examinationincluding fundus photography, full-field and multifocal electroretinography, visual field testing, optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography, which established the clinical diagnosis. Next-generation sequencing of a custom panel including 140 of the most common genes for inherited retinal degenerations was used for mutation screening. RESULTS The symptoms onset was two years ago included gradual loss of vision and photophobia. The clinical findings were reduced visual acuity, central and peripheral scotomas, sporadic pigmentary cells localized mainly in the peripheral retina, a thinner retina in the macula and peripherally, moderate retinal vessels attenuation and reduced cone and rod ERG responses. The genetic analysisfound that the patient was homozygous for two already reported mutations: RGR-c.196A>C (p.Ser66Arg) variant and a co-segregating frame-shift deletion in CDHR1-c.2522_2528delTCTCTGA (p.Ile841Serfs119*). Segregation analysis showed that the two mutations were transmitted by the asymptomatic heterozygous parents. CONCLUSION The rare haplotype of RGR mutation co-segregating incis- with CDHR1 mutation in our patient has been previously described in Albanian patients with recessive retinal dystrophy. Our findings add further support to the hypothesis of a common ancestral haplotype spread in the Balkan population. The comprehensive clinical, electrophysiological and genetic testing of patients with rare hereditary retinal dystrophies is essential for the correct diagnosis and the choice of potential novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mermeklieva
- Clinic of Оphthalmology, "Lozenetz" University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kunka Kamenarova
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kalina Mihova
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Felitsiya Shakola
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Yusuf IH, McClements ME, MacLaren RE, Charbel Issa P. Deep phenotyping of the Cdhr1 -/- mouse validates its use in pre-clinical studies for human CDHR1-associated retinal degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2021; 208:108603. [PMID: 33964272 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To validate the Cdhr1-/- mouse as a model for human CDHR1-associated retinal degeneration, which may present as cone-rod dystrophy or geographic atrophy. METHODS Deep phenotyping of Cdhr1-/-(n = 56) and C57BL6J wildtype control mice (n = 45) was undertaken using in vivo multimodal retinal imaging and dark- and light-adapted electroretinography (ERG) over 15 months to evaluate rod- and cone-photoreceptor responses and retinal morphology. RESULTS Cdhr1-/- retinas exhibited outer retinal thinning on optical coherence tomography (OCT) at 1-month versus C57BL6J (mean 14.6% reduction; P < 0.0001), with progressive degeneration to 15 months. The OCT layer representing photoreceptor outer segments was more significantly shortened in Cdhr1-/- eyes at 1 month (mean 33.7% reduction; P < 0.0001), remained stable to 3 months and was not identifiable at later timepoints. Outer retinal thinning was more pronounced at inferior versus superior retinal locations in Cdhr1-/- eyes (P < 0.002 at 3-9 months). Dark-adapted ERG identified severe functional deficits in Cdhr1-/- mice at 1 month of age versus C57BL6J (mean 62% reduction) that continued to decline to 15 months (P < 0.0001). Light-adapted flicker identified severe deficits in cone function at 1 month (mean 70% reduction), with improved function to 3 months followed by progressive decline (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The Cdhr1-/- mouse exhibits structural and functional evidence of progressive outer retinal degeneration at a slow rate. Early functional deficits affecting both rod and cone photoreceptors in the context of relatively mild structural changes reflect the human phenotype. This study validates the use of the Cdhr1-/- mouse for the pre-clinical evaluation of therapeutics for human CDHR1-associated retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran H Yusuf
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK; Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Michelle E McClements
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK; Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Robert E MacLaren
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK; Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Peter Charbel Issa
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK; Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
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Aqueous Humor Proteomic Alterations Associated with Visual Field Index Parameters in Glaucoma Patients: A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10061180. [PMID: 33808966 PMCID: PMC8001447 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to discover the aqueous humor proteomic changes associated with visual field indices in glaucoma patients. METHODS Aqueous humor samples were analyzed using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The visual fields were analyzed with the Humphrey Visual Field analyzer. Statistical analyses were performed to discover the relationship between the aqueous humor proteins and visual field parameters including Pattern Standard Deviation (PSD), Visual Field Index (VFI), Mean Deviation (MD) and Glaucoma Hemifield Test (GHT). RESULTS In total, 222 proteins were identified in 49 aqueous humor samples. A total of 11, 9, 7, and 6 proteins were significantly correlated with PSD, VFI, MD, and GHT respectively. These proteins include apolipoprotein D, members of complement pathway (C1S, C4A, C4B, C8B, and CD14), and immunoglobulin family (IKHV3-9, IGKV2-28). CONCLUSION Several proteins involved in immune responses (immunoglobulins and complement factors) and neurodegeneration (apolipoprotein D) were identified to be associated with abnormal visual field parameters. These findings provide targets for future studies investigating precise molecular mechanisms and new therapies for glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
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Choi EH, Daruwalla A, Suh S, Leinonen H, Palczewski K. Retinoids in the visual cycle: role of the retinal G protein-coupled receptor. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100040. [PMID: 32493732 PMCID: PMC7910522 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.tr120000850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Driven by the energy of a photon, the visual pigments in rod and cone photoreceptor cells isomerize 11-cis-retinal to the all-trans configuration. This photochemical reaction initiates the signal transduction pathway that eventually leads to the transmission of a visual signal to the brain and leaves the opsins insensitive to further light stimulation. For the eye to restore light sensitivity, opsins require recharging with 11-cis-retinal. This trans-cis back conversion is achieved through a series of enzymatic reactions composing the retinoid (visual) cycle. Although it is evident that the classical retinoid cycle is critical for vision, the existence of an adjunct pathway for 11-cis-retinal regeneration has been debated for many years. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-retinal G protein-coupled receptor (RGR) has been identified previously as a mammalian retinaldehyde photoisomerase homologous to retinochrome found in invertebrates. Using pharmacological, genetic, and biochemical approaches, researchers have now established the physiological relevance of the RGR in 11-cis-retinal regeneration. The photoisomerase activity of RGR in the RPE and Müller glia explains how the eye can remain responsive in daylight. In this review, we will focus on retinoid metabolism in the eye and visual chromophore regeneration mediated by RGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot H Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Center for Translational Vision Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Anahita Daruwalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, and Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Susie Suh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Center for Translational Vision Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Henri Leinonen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Center for Translational Vision Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Center for Translational Vision Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, and Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Piedade WP, Titialii-Torres K, Morris AC, Famulski JK. Proteasome-Mediated Regulation of Cdhr1a by Siah1 Modulates Photoreceptor Development and Survival in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:594290. [PMID: 33330480 PMCID: PMC7719784 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.594290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital retinal dystrophies are a major cause of unpreventable and incurable blindness worldwide. Mutations in CDHR1, a retina specific cadherin, are associated with cone-rod dystrophy. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is responsible for mediating orderly and precise targeting of protein degradation to maintain biological homeostasis and coordinate proper development, including retinal development. Recently, our lab uncovered that the seven in absentia (Siah) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases play a role in optic fissure fusion and identified Cdhr1a as a potential target of Siah. Using two-color whole mount in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we detected siah1 and cdhr1a co-expression as well as protein localization in the retinal outer nuclear layer (ONL), and more precisely in the connecting cilium of rods and cones between 3-5 days post fertilization (dpf). We confirmed that Siah1 targets Cdhr1a for proteasomal degradation by co-transfection and co-immunoprecipitation in cell culture. To analyze the functional importance of this interaction, we created two transgenic zebrafish lines that express siah1 or an inactive siah1 (siah1ΔRING) under the control of the heat shock promoter to modulate Siah activity during photoreceptor development. Overexpression of siah1, but not siah1ΔRING, resulted in a decrease in the number of rods and cones at 72 h post fertilization (hpf). The number of retinal ganglion cells, amacrine and bipolar cells was not affected by Siah1 overexpression, and there was no significant reduction of proliferating cells in the Siah1 overexpressing retina. We did, however, detect increased cell death, confirmed by an increase in the number of TUNEL + cells in the ONL, which was proteasome-dependent, as proteasome inhibition rescued the cell death phenotype. Furthermore, reduction in rods and cones resulting from increased Siah1 expression was rescued by injection of cdhr1a mRNA, and to an even greater extent by injection of a Siah1-insensitive cdhr1a variant mRNA. Lastly, CRISPR induced loss of Cdhr1a function phenocopied Siah1 overexpression resulting in a significant reduction of rods and cones. Taken together, our work provides the first evidence that Cdhr1a plays a role during early photoreceptor development and that Cdhr1a is regulated by Siah1 via the UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jakub K. Famulski
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Gan L, Yang C, Shu Y, Liu F, Sun R, Deng B, Xu J, Huang G, Qu C, Gong B, Li J. Identification of a novel homozygous nonsense mutation in the CDHR1 gene in a Chinese family with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 507:17-22. [PMID: 32277948 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of hereditary retinal diseases that often lead to blindness. Although 80 genes associated with RP have been observed, the genetic mechanism of approximately 40% RP cases remains unknown. This study was to investigate the disease-causing gene in a Han Chinese family with autosomal recessive RP (arRP). METHODS A Chinese arRP family (RP-2373), consisting of three affected siblings and eight unaffected family members, was recruited in this study. All participants underwent complete ophthalmic examinations, including visual field testing, best-corrected visual acuity, fundus photography and electroretinography. Whole exome sequencing was performed on the three patients and Sanger sequencing was utilized to confirm the mutations identified in all family members and 2010 unrelated controls. RESULTS A novel homozygous nonsense mutation, c.1231C > T (p.Q411X) in the Cadherin-Related Family Member 1 (CDHR1) gene was identified in the RP-2373 family. The proband and her two affected sisters were found to carry a homozygous mutation that led to a substitution of Glutamine to a stop codon. Other unaffected members and 2010 ethnic-matched controls lacked this mutation. These data showed a complete co-segregation of the CDHR1 mutation with arRP in this family. The p.Q411X mutation was observed to affect highly conserved amino acid residue of CHDR1. CONCLUSION Our study expanded the CDHR1 mutation spectrum of RP in the Chinese population, which might help to better understand RP molecular pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yi Shu
- School of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ruiting Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Bolin Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jiaxin Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Guo Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Chao Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Bo Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Institute of Chengdu Biology, Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
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Abstract
We report the molecular basis of the largest Tunisian cohort with inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD) reported to date, identify disease-causing pathogenic variants and describe genotype-phenotype correlations. A subset of 26 families from a cohort of 73 families with clinical diagnosis of autosomal recessive IRD (AR-IRD) excluding Usher syndrome was analyzed by whole exome sequencing and autozygosity mapping. Causative pathogenic variants were identified in 50 families (68.4%), 42% of which were novel. The most prevalent pathogenic variants were observed in ABCA4 (14%) and RPE65, CRB1 and CERKL (8% each). 26 variants (8 novel and 18 known) in 19 genes were identified in 26 families (14 missense substitutions, 5 deletions, 4 nonsense pathogenic variants and 3 splice site variants), with further allelic heterogeneity arising from different pathogenic variants in the same gene. The most common phenotype in our cohort is retinitis pigmentosa (23%) and cone rod dystrophy (23%) followed by Leber congenital amaurosis (19.2%). We report the association of new disease phenotypes. This research was carried out in Tunisian patients with IRD in order to delineate the genetic population architecture.
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Rodríguez-Muñoz A, Aller E, Jaijo T, González-García E, Cabrera-Peset A, Gallego-Pinazo R, Udaondo P, Salom D, García-García G, Millán JM. Expanding the Clinical and Molecular Heterogeneity of Nonsyndromic Inherited Retinal Dystrophies. J Mol Diagn 2020; 22:532-543. [PMID: 32036094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A cohort of 172 patients diagnosed clinically with nonsyndromic retinal dystrophies, from 110 families underwent full ophthalmologic examination, including retinal imaging, electrophysiology, and optical coherence tomography, when feasible. Molecular analysis was performed using targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). Variants were filtered and prioritized according to the minimum allele frequency, and finally classified according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and array comparative genomic hybridization were performed to validate copy number variations identified by NGS. The diagnostic yield of this study was 62% of studied families. Thirty novel mutations were identified. The study found phenotypic intra- and interfamilial variability in families with mutations in C1QTNF5, CERKL, and PROM1; biallelic mutations in PDE6B in a unilateral retinitis pigmentosa patient; interocular asymmetry RP in 50% of the symptomatic RPGR-mutated females; the first case with possible digenism between CNGA1 and CNGB1; and a ROM1 duplication in two unrelated retinitis pigmentosa families. Ten unrelated cases were reclassified. This study highlights the clinical utility of targeted NGS for nonsyndromic inherited retinal dystrophy cases and the importance of full ophthalmologic examination, which allows new genotype-phenotype associations and expands the knowledge of this group of disorders. Identifying the cause of disease is essential to improve patient management, provide accurate genetic counseling, and take advantage of gene therapy-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Enfermedades raras IIS La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain; Biomedical Research Network for Rare Diseases, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Aller
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Enfermedades raras IIS La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain; Biomedical Research Network for Rare Diseases, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Jaijo
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Enfermedades raras IIS La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain; Biomedical Research Network for Rare Diseases, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Emilio González-García
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Departments of Neurophysiology, Hospital de Manises, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Gallego-Pinazo
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Macula Unit, Oftalvist Clinic, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Udaondo
- Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Salom
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Biomedical Research Network for Rare Diseases, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Departments of Ophthalmology, Hospital de Manises, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gema García-García
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Enfermedades raras IIS La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain; Biomedical Research Network for Rare Diseases, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - José M Millán
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Enfermedades raras IIS La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain; Biomedical Research Network for Rare Diseases, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
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13
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Collison FT, Fishman GA, Nagasaki T, Zernant J, McAnany JJ, Park JC, Allikmets R. Characteristic Ocular Features in Cases of Autosomal Recessive PROM1 Cone-Rod Dystrophy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2347-2356. [PMID: 31136651 PMCID: PMC6538366 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-26993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To define characteristic ocular features in a group of patients with autosomal recessive (AR) PROM1 cone-rod dystrophy (CRD). Methods Three males and one female from three unrelated families were first seen at the ages of 15 to 22 years and diagnosed with CRD. Clinical testing available for review included full-field electroretinogram (ERG) in three patients, as well as near-infrared autofluorescence (NIR-AF), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and color fundus photography in all four patients. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on all cases, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed in two families. Results WES found compound heterozygous PROM1 variants in one isolated male, plus heterozygous variants in the remaining patients. WGS uncovered deleterious PROM1 variants in these two families. ERG showed markedly reduced cone-isolated amplitudes and variably reduced rod-isolated amplitudes. The dark-adapted combined rod and cone responses demonstrated notably reduced a-wave amplitudes and moderately reduced b-waves, and the resultant waveform resembled the normal rod-isolated response. On fundus examination, oval-shaped macular lesions were observed, as were several small, circular hypoautofluorescent lesions within the posterior pole on NIR-AF. Three patients showed extramacular circular atrophic lesions. Conclusions The autofluorescence changes, peripheral retinal abnormalities, and ERG findings have not been emphasized in previous reports of AR PROM1, but they became a recognizable phenotype in this cohort of patients. A similar constellation of findings may be observed in CRD due to CDHR1, a functionally related gene. The pattern of abnormalities reported herein may help to focus genetic screening in patients with these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick T Collison
- The Pangere Center for Inherited Retinal Diseases, The Chicago Lighthouse, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Gerald A Fishman
- The Pangere Center for Inherited Retinal Diseases, The Chicago Lighthouse, Chicago, Illinois, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Takayuki Nagasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Jana Zernant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - J Jason McAnany
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Jason C Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Rando Allikmets
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
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14
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Charbel Issa P, Gliem M, Yusuf IH, Birtel J, Müller PL, Mangold E, Downes SM, MacLaren RE, Betz C, Bolz HJ. A Specific Macula-Predominant Retinal Phenotype Is Associated With the CDHR1 Variant c.783G>A, a Silent Mutation Leading to In-Frame Exon Skipping. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 60:3388-3397. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Charbel Issa
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, and Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Gliem
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, and Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Imran H. Yusuf
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, and Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Birtel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Susan M. Downes
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, and Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E. MacLaren
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, and Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Betz
- Bioscientia Center for Human Genetics, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Hanno J. Bolz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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15
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Fu J, Ma L, Cheng J, Yang L, Wei C, Fu S, Lv H, Chen R, Fu J. A novel, homozygous nonsense variant of the CDHR1 gene in a Chinese family causes autosomal recessive retinal dystrophy by NGS-based genetic diagnosis. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5662-5669. [PMID: 30160356 PMCID: PMC6201214 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal dystrophy is an inherited, heterogeneous, chronic and progressive disorder of visual functions. The mutations of patients with autosomal recessive retinal retinopathy cone‐and‐rod dysfunction and macular dystrophy have not been well described in the Chinese population. In this study, a three‐generation Chinese retinal dystrophy family was recruited. Ophthalmic examinations were performed. Targeted next generation sequencing (TGS) was used to identify causative genes, and Sanger sequencing was conducted to verify candidate mutations and co‐segregation. Reverse transcription (RT)‐PCR was applied to investigate the spatial and temporal expression patterns of cdhr1 gene in mouse. A novel, homozygous, deleterious and nonsense variant (c.T1641A; p.Y547*) in the CDHR1 gene was identified in the family with autosomal recessive retinal dystrophy, which was co‐segregated with the clinical phenotypes in this family. RT‐PCR analysis revealed that cdhr1 is ubiquitously expressed in eye, particularly very high expression in retina; high expression in lens, sclera, and cornea; and high expression in brain. In conclusion, our study is the first to indicate that the novel homozygous variant c.T1641A (p.Y547*) in the CHDR1 gene might be the disease‐causing mutation for retinal dystrophy in our patient, extending its mutation spectrums. These findings further the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this disease and provide new insights for diagnosis as well as new implications for genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Medical Technology, Xiangtan Medicine and Health Vocational College, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lisha Yang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunli Wei
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Shangyi Fu
- The Honors College, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Hongbin Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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16
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Park SW, Im S, Jun HO, Lee K, Park YJ, Kim JH, Park WJ, Lee YH, Kim JH. Dry age-related macular degeneration like pathology in aged 5XFAD mice: Ultrastructure and microarray analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:40006-40018. [PMID: 28467791 PMCID: PMC5522269 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in the elderly. The two types of AMD are: dry and wet AMD. While laser-induced choroidal neovascularization has been used extensively in the studies of wet AMD, there is no established mouse model that fully recapitulates the cardinal features of dry AMD. A lack of appropriate mouse model for dry AMD has hampered the translational research on the pathogenesis of the disease and the development of therapeutic agents. We hypothesized that 5XFAD mice, an animal model for the study of Alzheimer’s disease, can be used as a mouse model for dry AMD with regard to the amyloid beta (Aβ) related pathology. In this study, the ultrastructure of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of 5XFAD mice was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. Of importance, the aged 5XFAD mice show ultrastructural changes in the RPE and Bruch’s membrane (BM) that are compatible with the cardinal features of human dry AMD, including a loss of apical microvilli and basal infolding of the RPE, increased BM thickness, basal laminar and linear deposits, and accumulation of lipofuscin granules and undigested photoreceptor outer segment-laden phagosomes. In microarray-based analysis, the RPE complex of the aged 5XFAD mice shows differential gene expression profiles consistent with dry AMD in the inflammation response, immune reaction pathway, and decreased retinol metabolism. Taken together, we suggest that aged 5XFAD mice can be used as a mouse model of dry AMD to study Aβ related pathology and develop a new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Wook Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Life Sciences Concentration Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Cheomdan-Gwagiro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyoung Oh Jun
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kihwang Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, World Cup-Ro, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Kim
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Life Sciences Concentration Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Cheomdan-Gwagiro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju-Si, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju-Si, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
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17
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Bessette AP, DeBenedictis MJ, Traboulsi EI. Clinical characteristics of recessive retinal degeneration due to mutations in the CDHR1 gene and a review of the literature. Ophthalmic Genet 2017; 39:51-55. [DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2017.1363244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Bessette
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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18
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Stingl K, Mayer AK, Llavona P, Mulahasanovic L, Rudolph G, Jacobson SG, Zrenner E, Kohl S, Wissinger B, Weisschuh N. CDHR1 mutations in retinal dystrophies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6992. [PMID: 28765526 PMCID: PMC5539332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report ophthalmic and genetic findings in patients with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP), cone-rod dystrophy (CRD) or cone dystrophy (CD) harboring potential pathogenic variants in the CDHR1 gene. Detailed ophthalmic examination was performed in seven sporadic and six familial subjects. Mutation screening was done using a customized next generation sequencing panel targeting 105 genes implicated in inherited retinal disorders. In one family, homozygosity mapping with subsequent candidate gene analysis was performed. Stringent filtering for rare and potentially disease causing variants following a model of autosomal recessive inheritance led to the identification of eleven different CDHR1 variants in nine index cases. All variants were novel at the time of their identification. In silico analyses confirmed their pathogenic potential. Minigene assays were performed for two non-canonical splice site variants and revealed missplicing for the mutant alleles. Mutations in CDHR1 are a rare cause of retinal dystrophy. Our study further expands the mutational spectrum of this gene and the associated clinical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Stingl
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anja K Mayer
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Pablo Llavona
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Günther Rudolph
- University Eye Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Samuel G Jacobson
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eberhart Zrenner
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wissinger
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Weisschuh
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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19
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Whole exome sequencing using Ion Proton system enables reliable genetic diagnosis of inherited retinal dystrophies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42078. [PMID: 28181551 PMCID: PMC5299602 DOI: 10.1038/srep42078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD) comprise a wide group of clinically and genetically complex diseases that progressively affect the retina. Over recent years, the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods has transformed our ability to diagnose heterogeneous diseases. In this work, we have evaluated the implementation of whole exome sequencing (WES) for the molecular diagnosis of IRD. Using Ion ProtonTM system, we simultaneously analyzed 212 genes that are responsible for more than 25 syndromic and non-syndromic IRD. This approach was used to evaluate 59 unrelated families, with the pathogenic variant(s) successfully identified in 71.18% of cases. Interestingly, the mutation detection rate varied substantially depending on the IRD subtype. Overall, we found 63 different mutations (21 novel) in 29 distinct genes, and performed in vivo functional studies to determine the deleterious impact of variants identified in MERTK, CDH23, and RPGRIP1. In addition, we provide evidences that support CDHR1 as a gene responsible for autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa with early macular affectation, and present data regarding the disease mechanism of this gene. Altogether, these results demonstrate that targeted WES of all IRD genes is a reliable, hypothesis-free approach, and a cost- and time-effective strategy for the routine genetic diagnosis of retinal dystrophies.
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20
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Tiwari A, Lemke J, Altmueller J, Thiele H, Glaus E, Fleischhauer J, Nürnberg P, Neidhardt J, Berger W. Identification of Novel and Recurrent Disease-Causing Mutations in Retinal Dystrophies Using Whole Exome Sequencing (WES): Benefits and Limitations. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158692. [PMID: 27391102 PMCID: PMC4938416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are Mendelian diseases with tremendous genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Identification of the underlying genetic basis of these dystrophies is therefore challenging. In this study we employed whole exome sequencing (WES) in 11 families with IRDs and identified disease-causing variants in 8 of them. Sequence analysis of about 250 IRD-associated genes revealed 3 previously reported disease-associated variants in RHO, BEST1 and RP1. We further identified 5 novel pathogenic variants in RPGRIP1 (p.Ser964Profs*37), PRPF8 (p.Tyr2334Leufs*51), CDHR1 (p.Pro133Arg and c.439-17G>A) and PRPF31 (p.Glu183_Met193dup). In addition to confirming the power of WES in genetic diagnosis of IRDs, we document challenges in data analysis and show cases where the underlying genetic causes of IRDs were missed by WES and required additional techniques. For example, the mutation c.439-17G>A in CDHR1 would be rated unlikely applying the standard WES analysis. Only transcript analysis in patient fibroblasts confirmed the pathogenic nature of this variant that affected splicing of CDHR1 by activating a cryptic splice-acceptor site. In another example, a 33-base pair duplication in PRPF31 missed by WES could be identified only via targeted analysis by Sanger sequencing. We discuss the advantages and challenges of using WES to identify mutations in heterogeneous diseases like IRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Tiwari
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Johannes Lemke
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Janine Altmueller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, D-50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, D-50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Esther Glaus
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Fleischhauer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, CH-8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, D-50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 21, D-50931, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, D-50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - John Neidhardt
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University and ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Sundaramurthy S, Swaminathan M, Sen P, Arokiasamy T, Deshpande S, John N, Gadkari RA, Mannan AU, Soumittra N. Homozygosity mapping guided next generation sequencing to identify the causative genetic variation in inherited retinal degenerative diseases. J Hum Genet 2016; 61:951-958. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Goldberg AFX, Moritz OL, Williams DS. Molecular basis for photoreceptor outer segment architecture. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 55:52-81. [PMID: 27260426 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To serve vision, vertebrate rod and cone photoreceptors must detect photons, convert the light stimuli into cellular signals, and then convey the encoded information to downstream neurons. Rods and cones are sensory neurons that each rely on specialized ciliary organelles to detect light. These organelles, called outer segments, possess elaborate architectures that include many hundreds of light-sensitive membranous disks arrayed one atop another in precise register. These stacked disks capture light and initiate the chain of molecular and cellular events that underlie normal vision. Outer segment organization is challenged by an inherently dynamic nature; these organelles are subject to a renewal process that replaces a significant fraction of their disks (up to ∼10%) on a daily basis. In addition, a broad range of environmental and genetic insults can disrupt outer segment morphology to impair photoreceptor function and viability. In this chapter, we survey the major progress that has been made for understanding the molecular basis of outer segment architecture. We also discuss key aspects of organelle lipid and protein composition, and highlight distributions, interactions, and potential structural functions of key OS-resident molecules, including: kinesin-2, actin, RP1, prominin-1, protocadherin 21, peripherin-2/rds, rom-1, glutamic acid-rich proteins, and rhodopsin. Finally, we identify key knowledge gaps and challenges that remain for understanding how normal outer segment architecture is established and maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F X Goldberg
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, 417 Dodge Hall, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
| | - Orson L Moritz
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David S Williams
- Department of Ophthalmology and Jules Stein Eye Institute, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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