1
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Arrowsmith CD, Simon P, Bilbao PJ, Bott AFA, Burger S, Chen H, Cruz FD, Davenne T, Efthymiopoulos I, Froula DH, Goillot A, Gudmundsson JT, Haberberger D, Halliday JWD, Hodge T, Huffman BT, Iaquinta S, Miniati F, Reville B, Sarkar S, Schekochihin AA, Silva LO, Simpson R, Stergiou V, Trines RMGM, Vieu T, Charitonidis N, Bingham R, Gregori G. Laboratory realization of relativistic pair-plasma beams. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5029. [PMID: 38866733 PMCID: PMC11169600 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Relativistic electron-positron plasmas are ubiquitous in extreme astrophysical environments such as black-hole and neutron-star magnetospheres, where accretion-powered jets and pulsar winds are expected to be enriched with electron-positron pairs. Their role in the dynamics of such environments is in many cases believed to be fundamental, but their behavior differs significantly from typical electron-ion plasmas due to the matter-antimatter symmetry of the charged components. So far, our experimental inability to produce large yields of positrons in quasi-neutral beams has restricted the understanding of electron-positron pair plasmas to simple numerical and analytical studies, which are rather limited. We present the first experimental results confirming the generation of high-density, quasi-neutral, relativistic electron-positron pair beams using the 440 GeV/c beam at CERN's Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) accelerator. Monte Carlo simulations agree well with the experimental data and show that the characteristic scales necessary for collective plasma behavior, such as the Debye length and the collisionless skin depth, are exceeded by the measured size of the produced pair beams. Our work opens up the possibility of directly probing the microphysics of pair plasmas beyond quasi-linear evolution into regimes that are challenging to simulate or measure via astronomical observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Arrowsmith
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.
| | - P Simon
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P J Bilbao
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A F A Bott
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - S Burger
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - H Chen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - F D Cruz
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - T Davenne
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - I Efthymiopoulos
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - D H Froula
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - A Goillot
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - J T Gudmundsson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, IS-107, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Division of Space and Plasma Physics, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Haberberger
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - J W D Halliday
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - T Hodge
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire, RG7 4PR, UK
| | - B T Huffman
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - S Iaquinta
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - F Miniati
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - B Reville
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - A A Schekochihin
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - L O Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Simpson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - V Stergiou
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
- School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 157 72, Greece
| | - R M G M Trines
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - T Vieu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Charitonidis
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - R Bingham
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
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2
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Zaïm N, Sainte-Marie A, Fedeli L, Bartoli P, Huebl A, Leblanc A, Vay JL, Vincenti H. Light-Matter Interaction near the Schwinger Limit Using Tightly Focused Doppler-Boosted Lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:175002. [PMID: 38728726 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.175002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Strong-field quantum electrodynamics (SF QED) is a burgeoning research topic dealing with electromagnetic fields comparable to the Schwinger field (≈1.32×10^{18} V/m). While most past and proposed experiments rely on reaching this field in the rest frame of relativistic particles, the Schwinger limit could also be approached in the laboratory frame by focusing to its diffraction limit the light reflected by a plasma mirror irradiated by a multipetawatt laser. We explore the interaction between such intense light and matter with particle-in-cell simulations. We find that the collision with a relativistic electron beam would enable the study of the nonperturbative regime of SF QED, while the interaction with a solid target leads to a profusion of SF QED effects that retroact on the interaction. In both cases, relativistic attosecond pair jets with high densities are formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neïl Zaïm
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Luca Fedeli
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pierre Bartoli
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Axel Huebl
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Adrien Leblanc
- LOA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jean-Luc Vay
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Henri Vincenti
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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3
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Song H, Kim CM, Won J, Song J, Lee S, Ryu CM, Bang W, Nam CH. Characterization of relativistic electron-positron beams produced with laser-accelerated GeV electrons. Sci Rep 2023; 13:310. [PMID: 36609530 PMCID: PMC9823095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization of an electron-positron beam generated from the interaction of a multi-GeV electron beam with a lead plate is performed using GEANT4 simulations. The dependence of the positron beam size on driver electron beam energy and lead converter thickness is investigated in detail. A pancake-like positron beam structure is generated with a monoenergetic multi-GeV driver electron beam, with the results indicating that a 5 GeV driver electron beam with 1 nC charge can generate a positron beam with a density of 1015-1016 cm-3 at one radiation length of lead. In addition, we find that electron-positron beams generated using above-GeV electron beams have neutralities greater than 0.3 at one radiation length of lead, whereas neutralities of 0.2 are observed when using a 200 MeV electron beam. The possibility of observing plasma instabilities in experiments is also examined by comparing the plasma skin depth with the electron-positron beam size. A quasi-neutral electron-positron plasma can be produced in the interaction between a 1 nC, 5 GeV electron beam and lead with a thickness of five radiation lengths. Our findings will aid in analyzing and interpreting laser-produced electron-positron plasma for laboratory astrophysics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Song
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Chul Min Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Junho Won
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Jaehyun Song
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Seongmin Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Chang-Mo Ryu
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Woosuk Bang
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
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4
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Bashinov AV, Efimenko ES, Muraviev AA, Volokitin VD, Meyerov IB, Leuchs G, Sergeev AM, Kim AV. Particle trajectories, gamma-ray emission, and anomalous radiative trapping effects in magnetic dipole wave. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:065202. [PMID: 35854608 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.065202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In studies of interaction of matter with laser fields of extreme intensity there are two limiting cases of a multibeam setup maximizing either the electric field or the magnetic field. In this work attention is paid to the optimal configuration of laser beams in the form of an m-dipole wave, which maximizes the magnetic field. We consider in such highly inhomogeneous fields the advantages and specific features of laser-matter interaction, which stem from individual particle trajectories that are strongly affected by gamma photon emission. It is shown that in this field mode qualitatively different scenarios of particle dynamics take place in comparison with the mode that maximizes the electric field. A detailed map of possible regimes of particle motion (ponderomotive trapping, normal radiative trapping, radial, and axial anomalous radiative trapping), as well as angular and energy distributions of particles and gamma photons, is obtained in a wide range of laser powers up to 300 PW, and it reveals signatures of radiation losses experimentally detectable even with subpetawatt lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Bashinov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - E S Efimenko
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - A A Muraviev
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - V D Volokitin
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - I B Meyerov
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - G Leuchs
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia.,Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A M Sergeev
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - A V Kim
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
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5
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Liang E, Zheng KQ, Yao K, Lo W, Hasson H, Zhang A, Burns M, Wong WH, Zhang Y, Dashko A, Quevedo H, Ditmire T, Dyer G. A scintillator attenuation spectrometer for intense gamma-rays. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:063103. [PMID: 35777994 DOI: 10.1063/5.0082131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new type of compact high-resolution high-sensitivity gamma-ray spectrometer for short-pulse intense gamma-rays (250 keV to 50 MeV) has been developed by combining the principles of scintillators and attenuation spectrometers. The first prototype of this scintillator attenuation spectrometer (SAS) was tested successfully in Trident laser experiments at LANL. Later versions have been used extensively in the Texas Petawatt laser experiments in Austin, TX, and more recently in OMEGA-EP laser experiments at LLE, Rochester, NY. The SAS is particularly useful for high-repetition-rate laser applications. Here, we give a concise description of the design principles, capabilities, and sample preliminary results of the SAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Liang
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - K Q Zheng
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - K Yao
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W Lo
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - H Hasson
- Physics Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - A Zhang
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Burns
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - W H Wong
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Diagnostic Imaging Division, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Diagnostic Imaging Division, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - A Dashko
- High Energy Density Science Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - H Quevedo
- High Energy Density Science Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - T Ditmire
- High Energy Density Science Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - G Dyer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Linac Coherent Light Source, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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6
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von der Linden J, Ramos-Méndez J, Faddegon B, Massin D, Fiksel G, Holder JP, Willingale L, Peebles J, Edwards MR, Chen H. Dispersion calibration for the National Ignition Facility electron-positron-proton spectrometers for intense laser matter interactions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:033516. [PMID: 33820046 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electron-positron pairs, produced in intense laser-solid interactions, are diagnosed using magnetic spectrometers with image plates, such as the National Ignition Facility Electron-Positron-Proton Spectrometers (EPPSs). Although modeling can help infer the quantitative value, the accuracy of the models needs to be verified to ensure measurement quality. The dispersion of low-energy electrons and positrons may be affected by fringe magnetic fields near the entrance of the EPPS. We have calibrated the EPPS with six electron beams from a Siemens Oncor linear accelerator (linac) ranging in energy from 2.7 MeV to 15.2 MeV as they enter the spectrometer. A Geant4 traveling-wave optical parametric amplifier of superfluorescence Monte Carlo simulation was set up to match depth dose curves and lateral profiles measured in water at 100 cm source-surface distance. An accurate relationship was established between the bending magnet current setting and the energy of the electron beam at the exit window. The simulations and measurements were used to determine the energy distributions of the six electron beams at the EPPS slit. Analysis of the scanned image plates together with the determined energy distribution arriving in the spectrometer provides improved dispersion curves for the EPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Ramos-Méndez
- Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Bruce Faddegon
- Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Devan Massin
- Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Gennady Fiksel
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Joe P Holder
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Louise Willingale
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jonathan Peebles
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Matthew R Edwards
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Hui Chen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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7
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Zhang WL, Grismayer T, Schoeffler KM, Fonseca RA, Silva LO. High-order harmonic generation in an electron-positron-ion plasma. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:013206. [PMID: 33601592 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.013206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The laser interaction with an electron-positron-ion mixed plasma is studied from the perspective of the associated high-order harmonic generation. For an idealized mixed plasma which is assumed with a sharp plasma-vacuum interface and uniform density distribution, when it is irradiated by a weakly relativistic laser pulse, well-defined signals at harmonics of the plasma frequency in the harmonic spectrum are observed. These characteristic signals are attributed to the inverse two-plasmon decay of the counterpropagating monochromatic plasma waves which are excited by the energetic electrons and the positron beam accelerated by the laser. Particle-in-cell simulations show the signal at twice the plasma frequency can be observed for a pair density as low as ∼10^{-5} of the plasma density. In the self-consistent scenario of pair production by an ultraintense laser striking a solid target, particle-in-cell simulations, which account for quantum electrodynamic effects (photon emission and pair production), show that dense (greater than the relativistically corrected critical density) and hot pair plasmas can be created. The harmonic spectrum shows weak low-order harmonics, indicating a high laser absorption due to quantum electrodynamic effects. The characteristic signals at harmonics of the plasma frequency are absent, because broadband plasma waves are excited due to the high plasma inhomogeneity introduced by the interaction. However, the high-frequency harmonics are enhanced due to the high-frequency modulations from the direct laser coupling with created pair plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Zhang
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - T Grismayer
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - K M Schoeffler
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R A Fonseca
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,DCTI/ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - L O Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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8
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Sakaki H, Yamashita T, Akagi T, Nishiuchi M, Dover NP, Lowe HF, Kondo K, Kon A, Kando M, Tachibana Y, Obata T, Shiokawa K, Miyatake T, Watanabe Y. New algorithm using L1 regularization for measuring electron energy spectra. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:075116. [PMID: 32752849 DOI: 10.1063/1.5144897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Retrieving the spectrum of physical radiation from experimental measurements typically involves using a mathematical algorithm to deconvolve the instrument response function from the measured signal. However, in the field of signal processing known as "Source Separation" (SS), which refers to the process of computationally retrieving the separate source components that generate an overlapping signal on the detector, the deconvolution process can become an ill-posed problem and crosstalk complicates the separation of the individual sources. To overcome this problem, we have designed a magnetic spectrometer for inline electron energy spectrum diagnosis and developed an analysis algorithm using techniques applicable to the problem of SS. An unknown polychromatic electron spectrum is calculated by sparse coding using a Gaussian basis function and an L1 regularization algorithm with a sparsity constraint. This technique is verified by using a specially designed magnetic field electron spectrometer. We use Monte Carlo simulations of the detector response to Maxwellian input energy distributions with electron temperatures of 5.0 MeV, 10.0 MeV, and 15.0 MeV to show that the calculated sparse spectrum can reproduce the input spectrum with an optimum energy bin width automatically selected by the L1 regularization. The spectra are reproduced with a high accuracy of less than 4.0% error, without an initial value. The technique is then applied to experimental measurements of intense laser accelerated electron beams from solid targets. Our analysis concept of spectral retrieval and automatic optimization of energy bin width by sparse coding could form the basis of a novel diagnostic method for spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takashi Akagi
- Hyogo Ion Beam Medical Center, Tatsuno, Hyogo 679-5165, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Akira Kon
- QST KPSI, Kizugawa, Kyoto 6190-215, Japan
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9
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Chen YY, He PL, Shaisultanov R, Hatsagortsyan KZ, Keitel CH. Polarized Positron Beams via Intense Two-Color Laser Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:174801. [PMID: 31702272 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.174801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The generation of ultrarelativistic polarized positrons during the interaction of an ultrarelativistic electron beam with a counterpropagating two-color petawatt laser pulse is investigated theoretically. Our Monte Carlo simulation, based on a semiclassical model, incorporates photon emissions and pair productions, using spin-resolved quantum probabilities in the local constant field approximation, and describes the polarization of electrons and positrons for the pair production and photon emission processes, as well as the classical spin precession in between. The main reason for the polarization is shown to be the spin asymmetry of the pair production process in strong external fields, combined with the asymmetry of the two-color laser field. Employing a feasible scenario, we show that highly polarized positron beams, with a polarization degree of ζ≈60%, can be produced in a femtosecond timescale, with a small angular divergence, ∼74 mrad, and high density, ∼10^{14} cm^{-3}. The laser-driven polarized positron source raises hope for providing an alternative for high-energy physics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yue Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pei-Lun He
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas, Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rashid Shaisultanov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Tiwari G, Kupfer R, Jiao X, Gaul E, Hegelich BM. Gradient magnet design for simultaneous detection of electrons and positrons in the intermediate MeV range. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:083304. [PMID: 31472603 DOI: 10.1063/1.5099155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the design and development of a compact electron and positron spectrometer based on tapered neodymium iron boron magnets to characterize the pairs generated in laser-matter experiments. The tapered design forms a gradient magnetic field component allowing energy dependent focusing of the dispersed charged particles along a chosen detector plane. The mirror symmetric design allows for simultaneous detection of pairs with energies from 2 MeV to 500 MeV with an accuracy of ≤10% in the wide energy range from 5 to 110 MeV for a parallel beam incident on a circular aperture of 20 mm. The energy resolution drops to ≤20% for 4-90 MeV range for a divergent beam originating from a point source at 20 cm away (i.e., a solid angle of ∼8 milli steradians), with ≤10% accuracy still maintained in the narrower energy range from 10 to 55 MeV. It offers higher solid angle acceptance, even for the divergent beam, compared to the conventional pinhole aperture-based spectrometers. The proposed gradient magnet is suitable for the detection of low flux and/or monoenergetic type electron/positron beams with finite transverse sizes and offers unparalleled advantages for gamma-ray spectroscopy in the intermediate MeV range.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tiwari
- Center for High Energy Density Science, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - R Kupfer
- Center for High Energy Density Science, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - X Jiao
- Center for High Energy Density Science, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - E Gaul
- National Energetics, 4616 West Howard Lane, Austin, Texas 78728, USA
| | - B M Hegelich
- Center for High Energy Density Science, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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11
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Luo SY, Grugan PD, Demircioglu Z, Hoos A, Germain Z, McIntyre RA, Shen X, Ji Y, Walker BC. MeV photoelectron spectrometer for ultraintense laser interactions with atoms and molecules. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:073104. [PMID: 31370482 DOI: 10.1063/1.5116589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditional laser-matter spectroscopy techniques fail to accurately analyze photoelectrons and ions from ultrahigh intensity studies with terawatt and petawatt laser systems. We present a magnetic deflection, photoelectron spectrometer for ultrahigh intensity laser interactions with atoms and molecules in the single atom/molecule limit. Spectrometer fabrication and calibration, and noise background are presented as well as example photoelectron spectra for argon and chloromethane over an energy range from 20 keV to 2 MeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Luo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - P D Grugan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Z Demircioglu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - A Hoos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Z Germain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - R A McIntyre
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Xingyu Shen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Yi Ji
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - B C Walker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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12
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Wang P, Shen X, Liu J, Li R. Generation of high-energy clean multicolored ultrashort pulses and their application in single-shot temporal contrast measurement. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:6536-6548. [PMID: 30876237 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.006536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the generation of 100-μJ-level multicolored femtosecond pulses based on a single-stage cascaded four-wave mixing (CFWM) process in a thin glass plate by using cylinder lenses. The generated high-energy CFWM signals can shift the central wavelength and have well-enhanced temporal contrast because of the third-order nonlinear process. They are innovatively used as clean sampling pulses of a cross-correlator for single-shot temporal contrast measurement. With a simple homemade setup, the proof-of-principle experimental results demonstrate the single-shot cross-correlator with dynamic range of 1010, temporal resolution of about 160 fs and temporal window of 50 ps. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration in which both the dynamic range and the temporal resolution of a single-shot temporal contrast measurement are comparable to those of a commercial delay-scanning cross-correlator.
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13
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Shi Y, Xiao J, Qin H, Fisch NJ. Simulations of relativistic quantum plasmas using real-time lattice scalar QED. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:053206. [PMID: 29906856 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.053206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Real-time lattice quantum electrodynamics (QED) provides a unique tool for simulating plasmas in the strong-field regime, where collective plasma scales are not well separated from relativistic-quantum scales. As a toy model, we study scalar QED, which describes self-consistent interactions between charged bosons and electromagnetic fields. To solve this model on a computer, we first discretize the scalar-QED action on a lattice, in a way that respects geometric structures of exterior calculus and U(1)-gauge symmetry. The lattice scalar QED can then be solved, in the classical-statistics regime, by advancing an ensemble of statistically equivalent initial conditions in time, using classical field equations obtained by extremizing the discrete action. To demonstrate the capability of our numerical scheme, we apply it to two example problems. The first example is the propagation of linear waves, where we recover analytic wave dispersion relations using numerical spectrum. The second example is an intense laser interacting with a one-dimensional plasma slab, where we demonstrate natural transition from wakefield acceleration to pair production when the wave amplitude exceeds the Schwinger threshold. Our real-time lattice scheme is fully explicit and respects local conservation laws, making it reliable for long-time dynamics. The algorithm is readily parallelized using domain decomposition, and the ensemble may be computed using quantum parallelism in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shi
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.,Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - Jianyuan Xiao
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.,Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Nathaniel J Fisch
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.,Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
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14
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Warwick J, Dzelzainis T, Dieckmann ME, Schumaker W, Doria D, Romagnani L, Poder K, Cole JM, Alejo A, Yeung M, Krushelnick K, Mangles SPD, Najmudin Z, Reville B, Samarin GM, Symes DD, Thomas AGR, Borghesi M, Sarri G. Experimental Observation of a Current-Driven Instability in a Neutral Electron-Positron Beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:185002. [PMID: 29219555 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.185002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first experimental observation of a current-driven instability developing in a quasineutral matter-antimatter beam. Strong magnetic fields (≥1 T) are measured, via means of a proton radiography technique, after the propagation of a neutral electron-positron beam through a background electron-ion plasma. The experimentally determined equipartition parameter of ε_{B}≈10^{-3} is typical of values inferred from models of astrophysical gamma-ray bursts, in which the relativistic flows are also expected to be pair dominated. The data, supported by particle-in-cell simulations and simple analytical estimates, indicate that these magnetic fields persist in the background plasma for thousands of inverse plasma frequencies. The existence of such long-lived magnetic fields can be related to analog astrophysical systems, such as those prevalent in lepton-dominated jets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Warwick
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - T Dzelzainis
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - M E Dieckmann
- Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Linköping University, Campus Norrköping, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - W Schumaker
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D Doria
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - L Romagnani
- LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - K Poder
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW72AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J M Cole
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW72AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Alejo
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - M Yeung
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - K Krushelnick
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 481099-2099, USA
| | - S P D Mangles
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW72AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Z Najmudin
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW72AZ, United Kingdom
| | - B Reville
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - G M Samarin
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - D D Symes
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - A G R Thomas
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 481099-2099, USA
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - M Borghesi
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - G Sarri
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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15
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Dense GeV electron-positron pairs generated by lasers in near-critical-density plasmas. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13686. [PMID: 27966530 PMCID: PMC5171869 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pair production can be triggered by high-intensity lasers via the Breit–Wheeler process. However, the straightforward laser–laser colliding for copious numbers of pair creation requires light intensities several orders of magnitude higher than possible with the ongoing laser facilities. Despite the numerous proposed approaches, creating high-energy-density pair plasmas in laboratories is still challenging. Here we present an all-optical scheme for overdense pair production by two counter-propagating lasers irradiating near-critical-density plasmas at only ∼1022 W cm−2. In this scheme, bright γ-rays are generated by radiation-trapped electrons oscillating in the laser fields. The dense γ-photons then collide with the focused counter-propagating lasers to initiate the multi-photon Breit–Wheeler process. Particle-in-cell simulations indicate that one may generate a high-yield (1.05 × 1011) overdense (4 × 1022 cm−3) GeV positron beam using 10 PW scale lasers. Such a bright pair source has many practical applications and could be basis for future compact high-luminosity electron–positron colliders.
High power lasers can produce electron-positron pairs at GeV energies, but doing so through laser–laser collisions would require exceedingly high intensities. Here the authors present an all-optical scheme for pair production by irradiating near-critical-density plasmas with two counter-propagating lasers.
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