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Chand P, Mendum TA, Butler RE, Hingley-Wilson SM, Stewart GR. Identification of gene targets that potentiate the action of rifampicin on Mycobacterium bovis BCG. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2024; 170. [PMID: 39150447 PMCID: PMC11329110 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by bacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex remains one of the most important infectious diseases of mankind. Rifampicin is a first line drug used in multi-drug treatment of TB, however, the necessary duration of treatment with these drugs is long and development of resistance is an increasing impediment to treatment programmes. As a result, there is a requirement for research and development of new TB drugs, which can form the basis of new drug combinations, either due to their own anti-mycobacterial activity or by augmenting the activity of existing drugs such as rifampicin. This study describes a TnSeq analysis to identify mutants with enhanced sensitivity to sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of rifampicin. The rifampicin-sensitive mutants were disrupted in genes of a variety of functions and the majority fitted into three thematic groups: firstly, genes that were involved in DNA/RNA metabolism, secondly, genes involved in sensing and regulating mycobacterial cellular systems, and thirdly, genes involved in the synthesis and maintenance of the cell wall. Selection at two concentrations of rifampicin (1/250 and 1/62 MIC) demonstrated a dose response for mutants with statistically significant sensitivity to rifampicin. The dataset reveals mechanisms of how mycobacteria are innately tolerant to and initiate an adaptive response to rifampicin; providing putative targets for the development of adjunctive therapies that potentiate the action of rifampicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Chand
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH United Kingdom
| | - Tom A Mendum
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH United Kingdom
| | - Rachel E Butler
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne M Hingley-Wilson
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH United Kingdom
| | - Graham R Stewart
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH United Kingdom
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2
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Bauman AA, Sarathy JP, Kaya F, Massoudi LM, Scherman MS, Hastings C, Liu J, Xie M, Brooks EJ, Ramey ME, Jones IL, Benedict ND, Maclaughlin MR, Miller-Dawson JA, Waidyarachchi SL, Butler MM, Bowlin TL, Zimmerman MD, Lenaerts AJ, Meibohm B, Gonzalez-Juarrero M, Lyons MA, Dartois V, Lee RE, Robertson GT. Spectinamide MBX-4888A exhibits favorable lesion and tissue distribution and promotes treatment shortening in advanced murine models of tuberculosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.593953. [PMID: 38798577 PMCID: PMC11118289 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.593953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The spectinamides are novel, narrow-spectrum semisynthetic analogs of spectinomycin, modified to avoid intrinsic efflux by Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Spectinamides, including lead MBX-4888A (Lee-1810), exhibit promising therapeutic profiles in mice, as single drugs and as partner agents with other anti-tuberculosis antibiotics including rifampin and/or pyrazinamide. To demonstrate that this translates to more effective cure, we first confirmed the role of rifampin, with or without pyrazinamide, as essential to achieve effective bactericidal responses and sterilizing cure in the current standard of care regimen in chronically infected C3HeB/FeJ mice compared to BALB/c mice. Thus, demonstrating added value in testing clinically relevant regimens in murine models of increasing pathologic complexity. Next we show that MBX-4888A, given by injection with the front-line standard of care regimen, is treatment shortening in multiple murine tuberculosis infection models. The positive treatment responses to MBX-4888A combination therapy in multiple mouse models including mice exhibiting advanced pulmonary disease can be attributed to favorable distribution in tissues and lesions, retention in caseum, along with favorable effects with rifampin and pyrazinamide under conditions achieved in necrotic lesions. This study also provides an additional data point regarding the safety and tolerability of spectinamide MBX-4888A in long-term murine efficacy studies.
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Phelps GA, Cheramie MN, Fernando DM, Selchow P, Meyer CJ, Waidyarachchi SL, Dharuman S, Liu J, Meuli M, Molin MD, Killam BY, Murphy PA, Reeve SM, Wilt LA, Anderson SM, Yang L, Lee RB, Temrikar ZH, Lukka PB, Meibohm B, Polikanov YS, Hobbie SN, Böttger EC, Sander P, Lee RE. Development of 2nd generation aminomethyl spectinomycins that overcome native efflux in Mycobacterium abscessus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314101120. [PMID: 38165935 PMCID: PMC10786304 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314101120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab), a nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) species, is an emerging pathogen with high intrinsic drug resistance. Current standard-of-care therapy results in poor outcomes, demonstrating the urgent need to develop effective antimycobacterial regimens. Through synthetic modification of spectinomycin (SPC), we have identified a distinct structural subclass of N-ethylene linked aminomethyl SPCs (eAmSPCs) that are up to 64-fold more potent against Mab over the parent SPC. Mechanism of action and crystallography studies demonstrate that the eAmSPCs display a mode of ribosomal inhibition consistent with SPC. However, they exert their increased antimicrobial activity through enhanced accumulation, largely by circumventing efflux mechanisms. The N-ethylene linkage within this series plays a critical role in avoiding TetV-mediated efflux, as lead eAmSPC 2593 displays a mere fourfold susceptibility improvement against Mab ΔtetV, in contrast to the 64-fold increase for SPC. Even a minor shortening of the linkage by a single carbon, akin to 1st generation AmSPC 1950, results in a substantial increase in MICs and a 16-fold rise in susceptibility against Mab ΔtetV. These shifts suggest that longer linkages might modify the kinetics of drug expulsion by TetV, ultimately shifting the equilibrium towards heightened intracellular concentrations and enhanced antimicrobial efficacy. Furthermore, lead eAmSPCs were also shown to synergize with various classes of anti-Mab antibiotics and retain activity against clinical isolates and other mycobacterial strains. Encouraging pharmacokinetic profiles coupled with robust efficacy in Mab murine infection models suggest that eAmSPCs hold the potential to be developed into treatments for Mab and other NTM infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Phelps
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN38105
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN38103
| | - Martin N. Cheramie
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN38105
| | - Dinesh M. Fernando
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN38105
| | - Petra Selchow
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, ZurichCH-8006, Switzerland
| | - Christopher J. Meyer
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN38105
| | - Samanthi L. Waidyarachchi
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN38105
| | - Suresh Dharuman
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN38105
| | - Jiuyu Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN38105
| | - Michael Meuli
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, ZurichCH-8006, Switzerland
- National Reference Center for Mycobacteria, ZurichCH-8006, Switzerland
| | - Michael Dal Molin
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, ZurichCH-8006, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Y. Killam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607
| | - Patricia A. Murphy
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN38105
| | - Stephanie M. Reeve
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN38105
| | - Laura A. Wilt
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN38105
| | - Shelby M. Anderson
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN38105
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN38105
| | - Robin B. Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN38105
| | - Zaid H. Temrikar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN38163
| | - Pradeep B. Lukka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN38163
| | - Bernd Meibohm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN38163
| | - Yury S. Polikanov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607
| | - Sven N. Hobbie
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, ZurichCH-8006, Switzerland
| | - Erik C. Böttger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, ZurichCH-8006, Switzerland
- National Reference Center for Mycobacteria, ZurichCH-8006, Switzerland
| | - Peter Sander
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, ZurichCH-8006, Switzerland
- National Reference Center for Mycobacteria, ZurichCH-8006, Switzerland
| | - Richard E. Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN38105
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Kumar G, C A. Natural products and their analogues acting against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A recent update. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:779-804. [PMID: 37086027 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). It is responsible for significant causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. M.tb possesses robust defense mechanisms against most antibiotic drugs and host responses due to their complex cell membranes with unique lipid molecules. Thus, the efficacy of existing front-line drugs is diminishing, and new and recurring cases of TB arising from multidrug-resistant M.tb are increasing. TB begs the scientific community to explore novel therapeutic avenues. A precise knowledge of the compounds with their mode of action could aid in developing new anti-TB agents that can kill latent and actively multiplying M.tb. This can help in the shortening of the anti-TB regimen and can improve the outcome of treatment strategies. Natural products have contributed several antibiotics for TB treatment. The sources of anti-TB drugs/inhibitors discussed in this work are target-based identification/cell-based and phenotypic screening from natural products. Some of the recently identified natural products derived leads have reached clinical stages of TB drug development, which include rifapentine, CPZEN-45, spectinamide-1599 and 1810. We believe these anti-TB agents could emerge as superior therapeutic compounds to treat TB over known Food and Drug Administration drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Amrutha C
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Omollo C, Singh V, Kigondu E, Wasuna A, Agarwal P, Moosa A, Ioerger TR, Mizrahi V, Chibale K, Warner DF. Developing synergistic drug combinations to restore antibiotic sensitivity in drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 65:AAC.02554-20. [PMID: 33619062 PMCID: PMC8092878 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02554-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading global cause of mortality owing to an infectious agent, accounting for almost one-third of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) deaths annually. We aimed to identify synergistic anti-TB drug combinations with the capacity to restore therapeutic efficacy against drug-resistant mutants of the causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis We investigated combinations containing the known translational inhibitors, spectinomycin (SPT) and fusidic acid (FA), or the phenothiazine, chlorpromazine (CPZ), which disrupts mycobacterial energy metabolism. Potentiation of whole-cell drug efficacy was observed in SPT-CPZ combinations. This effect was lost against an M. tuberculosis mutant lacking the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) efflux pump, Rv1258c. Notably, the SPT-CPZ combination partially restored SPT efficacy against an SPT-resistant mutant carrying a g1379t point mutation in rrs, encoding the mycobacterial 16S ribosomal RNA. Combinations of SPT with FA, which targets the mycobacterial elongation factor G, exhibited potentiating activity against wild-type M. tuberculosis Moreover, this combination produced a modest potentiating effect against both FA-monoresistant and SPT-monoresistant mutants. Finally, combining SPT with the frontline anti-TB agents, rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid, resulted in enhanced activity in vitro and ex vivo against both drug-susceptible M. tuberculosis and a RIF-monoresistant rpoB S531L mutant.These results support the utility of novel potentiating drug combinations in restoring antibiotic susceptibility of M. tuberculosis strains carrying genetic resistance to any one of the partner compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Omollo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DSI/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Vinayak Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DSI/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Kigondu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DSI/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Antonina Wasuna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DSI/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Pooja Agarwal
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DSI/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Atica Moosa
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DSI/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Thomas R Ioerger
- Texas A&M University, Department of Computer Science, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Valerie Mizrahi
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DSI/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Digby F Warner
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DSI/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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Temrikar ZH, Kodidela S, Kumar S, Liu J, Robertson GT, Lee RE, Hickey AJ, Gonzalez-Juarrero M, Meibohm B. Characterization of spectinamide 1599 efficacy against different mycobacterial phenotypes. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 140:102342. [PMID: 37120915 PMCID: PMC10247484 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Spectinamides are a novel series of spectinomycin analogs being developed for the treatment of tuberculosis. The preclinical lead spectinamide 1599 is an antituberculosis drug that possesses robust in vivo efficacy, good pharmacokinetic properties, and excellent safety profiles in rodents. In individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium bovis, causative agents of tuberculosis, the host immune system is capable of restraining these mycobacteria within granulomatous lesions. The harsh microenvironmental conditions of these granuloma lead to phenotypic transformation of mycobacteria. Phenotypically transformed bacteria display suboptimal growth, or complete growth arrest and are frequently associated with drug tolerance. Here we quantified the effect of spectinamide 1599 on log-phase and phenotypically tolerant isoforms of Mycobacterium bovis BCG using various in vitro approaches as a first indicator of spectinamide 1599 activity against various mycobacterial isoforms. We also used the hollow fiber infection model to establish time-kill curves and deployed pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling to characterize the activity differences of spectinamide 1599 towards the different phenotypic subpopulations. Our results indicate that spectinamide 1599 is more efficacious against log phase bacteria when compared to its activity against other phenotypically tolerant forms such as acid phase bacteria and hypoxic phase bacteria, a behavior similar to the established antituberculosis drug isoniazid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid H Temrikar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Sunitha Kodidela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Jiuyu Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Gregory T Robertson
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Richard E Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Anthony J Hickey
- Technology Advancement and Commercialization, RTI International, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarrero
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Bernd Meibohm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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Study of drug interaction, mutant frequency and mutant prevention concentration of DFMBT against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV. Microb Pathog 2023; 176:106023. [PMID: 36736799 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study 7,7-Dimethyl-4-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenylamino)-2,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-benzo[d] [1,3]thiazin-5-one (DFMBT) was synthesized and evaluated for in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) H37RV. Results demonstrated that at 64x MIC, DFMBT completely sterilized the TB culture from day 4 of the incubation whereas at 32 and 16x MIC, it sterilized the TB culture from day 8. The bacterial cultures were completely sterilized by DFMBT at 8x MIC from day 16 of incubation. DFMBT showed 1.5 μg/mL MIC value as compared to the standard anti-tuberculosis drugs using broth macro-dilution method. The MBC value of DFMBT was found to be 6.0 μg/mL whereas for INH, RIF, AMK and LVX the values were found to be 0.312, 0.156, 5.0 and 5.0 μg/mL, respectively. The DFMBT in combination with INH/RIF or AMK showed the ∑FIC value of 0.258, 0.252 and 0.453, respectively indicating synergistic interaction. Moreover, the value of ∑FIC for the combination of DFMBT with LVX was found to be 1.33 suggesting and additive interaction. The post antibiotic effect of DFMBT at 1x and 64x MIC was found to be 29.89 ± 10.12 and 158.75 ± 17.50 h, respectively. The DFMBT showed an MPC value of 150 μg/mL which was intermediate between INH and RIF. In summary, DFMBT exhibits bacteriostatic as well as bactericidal effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV. It has synergistic interaction with INH, RIF and AMK anti-TB drugs, descent post antibiotic effect, mutation frequency and mutant prevention concentration. Thus, DFMBT may be developed as an effective agent as anti-TB compound.
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Hurst-Hess KR, Phelps GA, Wilt LA, Lee RE, Ghosh P. Mab2780c, a TetV-like efflux pump, confers high-level spectinomycin resistance in mycobacterium abscessus. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 138:102295. [PMID: 36584486 PMCID: PMC10228334 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is highly resistant to spectinomycin (SPC) thereby making it unavailable for therapeutic use. Sublethal exposure to SPC strongly induces whiB7 and its regulon, and a ΔMab_whiB7 strain is SPC sensitive suggesting that the determinants of SPC resistance are included within its regulon. In the present study we have determined the transcriptomic changes that occur in M. abscessus upon SPC exposure and have evaluated the involvement of 11 genes, that are both strongly SPC induced and whiB7 dependent, in SPC resistance. Of these we show that MAB_2780c can complement SPC sensitivity of ΔMab_whiB7 and that a ΔMab_2780c strain is ∼150 fold more SPC sensitive than wildtype bacteria, but not to tetracycline (TET) or other aminoglycosides. This is in contrast to its homologues, TetV from M. smegmatis and Tap from M. tuberculosis, that confer low-level resistance to TET, SPC and other aminoglycosides. We also show that the addition of the efflux pump inhibitor (EPI), verapamil results in >100-fold decrease in MIC of SPC in bacteria expressing Mab2780c to the levels observed for ΔMab_2780c; moreover a deletion of MAB_2780c results in a decreased efflux of the drug into the cell supernatant. Together our data suggest that Mab2780c is an SPC antiporter. Finally, molecular docking of SPC and TET on models of TetVMs and Mab2780c confirmed our antibacterial susceptibility findings that the Mab2780c pump preferentially effluxes SPC over TET. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an efflux pump that confers high-level drug resistance in M. abscessus. The identification of Mab2780c in SPC resistance opens up prospects for repurposing this relatively well-tolerated antibiotic as a combination therapy with verapamil or its analogs against M. abscessus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley R Hurst-Hess
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Greg A Phelps
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Laura A Wilt
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Richard E Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Pallavi Ghosh
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12208, USA; School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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9
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Koh Jing Jie A, Hussein M, Rao GG, Li J, Velkov T. Drug Repurposing Approaches towards Defeating Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens: Novel Polymyxin/Non-Antibiotic Combinations. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121420. [PMID: 36558754 PMCID: PMC9781023 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens remain an unmet public health threat. In recent times, increased rates of resistance have been reported not only to commonly used antibiotics, but also to the last-resort antibiotics, such as polymyxins. More worryingly, despite the current trends in resistance, there is a lack of new antibiotics in the drug-discovery pipeline. Hence, it is imperative that new strategies are developed to preserve the clinical efficacy of the current antibiotics, particularly the last-line agents. Combining conventional antibiotics such as polymyxins with non-antibiotics (or adjuvants), has emerged as a novel and effective strategy against otherwise untreatable MDR pathogens. This review explores the available literature detailing the latest polymyxin/non-antibiotic combinations, their mechanisms of action, and potential avenues to advance their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Koh Jing Jie
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Maytham Hussein
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Gauri G. Rao
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Correspondence:
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10
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Roubert C, Fontaine E, Upton AM. “Upcycling” known molecules and targets for drug-resistant TB. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1029044. [PMID: 36275029 PMCID: PMC9582839 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1029044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite reinvigorated efforts in Tuberculosis (TB) drug discovery over the past 20 years, relatively few new drugs and candidates have emerged with clear utility against drug resistant TB. Over the same period, significant technological advances and learnings around target value have taken place. This has offered opportunities to re-assess the potential for optimization of previously discovered chemical matter against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and for reconsideration of clinically validated targets encumbered by drug resistance. A re-assessment of discarded compounds and programs from the “golden age of antibiotics” has yielded new scaffolds and targets against TB and uncovered classes, for example beta-lactams, with previously unappreciated utility for TB. Leveraging validated classes and targets has also met with success: booster technologies and efforts to thwart efflux have improved the potential of ethionamide and spectinomycin classes. Multiple programs to rescue high value targets while avoiding cross-resistance are making progress. These attempts to make the most of known classes, drugs and targets complement efforts to discover new chemical matter against novel targets, enhancing the chances of success of discovering effective novel regimens against drug-resistant TB.
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11
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Gonzalez-Juarrero M, Lukka PB, Wagh S, Walz A, Arab J, Pearce C, Ali Z, Ryman JT, Parmar K, Temrikar Z, Munoz-Gutierrez J, Robertson GT, Liu J, Lenaerts AJ, Daley C, Lee RE, Braunstein M, Hickey AJ, Meibohm B. Preclinical Evaluation of Inhalational Spectinamide-1599 Therapy against Tuberculosis. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2850-2863. [PMID: 34546724 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The lengthy treatment time for tuberculosis (TB) is a primary cause for the emergence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). One approach to improve TB therapy is to develop an inhalational TB therapy that when administered in combination with oral TB drugs eases and shortens treatment. Spectinamides are new semisynthetic analogues of spectinomycin with excellent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), including MDR and XDR Mtb strains. Spectinamide-1599 was chosen as a promising candidate for development of inhalational therapy. Using the murine TB model and intrapulmonary aerosol delivery of spectinamide-1599, we characterized the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of this therapy in BALB/c and C3HeB/FeJ mice infected with the Mtb Erdman strain. As expected, spectinamide-1599 exhibited dose-dependent exposure in plasma, lungs, and ELF, but exposure ratios between lung and plasma were 12-40 times higher for intrapulmonary compared to intravenous or subcutaneous administration. In chronically infected BALB/c mice, low doses (10 mg/kg) of spectinamide-1599 when administered thrice weekly for two months provide efficacy similar to that of higher doses (50-100 mg/kg) after one month of therapy. In the C3HeB/FeJ TB model, intrapulmonary aerosol delivery of spectinamide-1599 (50 mg/kg) or oral pyrazinamide (150 mg/kg) had limited or no efficacy in monotherapy, but when both drugs were given in combination, a synergistic effect with superior bacterial reduction of >1.8 log10 CFU was observed. Throughout the up to eight-week treatment period, intrapulmonary therapy was well-tolerated without any overt toxicity. Overall, these results strongly support the further development of intrapulmonary spectinamide-1599 as a combination partner for anti-TB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarrero
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Pradeep B. Lukka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Santosh Wagh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Amanda Walz
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jennifer Arab
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Camron Pearce
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Zohaib Ali
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Josiah T. Ryman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Keyur Parmar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Zaid Temrikar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Juan Munoz-Gutierrez
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Gregory T. Robertson
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jiuyu Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Anne J. Lenaerts
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Charles Daley
- Division of Mycobacterial and Respiratory Infections, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, United States
| | - Richard E. Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Miriam Braunstein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Anthony J. Hickey
- Discovery Science and Technology, RTI International, RTP, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Bernd Meibohm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
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12
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Laws M, Jin P, Rahman KM. Efflux pumps in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their inhibition to tackle antimicrobial resistance. Trends Microbiol 2021; 30:57-68. [PMID: 34052094 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, was the leading cause of mortality worldwide in 2019 due to a single infectious agent. The growing threat of strains of M. tuberculosis untreatable by modern antibiotic regimens only exacerbates this problem. In response to this continued public health emergency, research into methods of potentiating currently approved antimicrobial agents against resistant strains of M. tuberculosis is an urgent priority, and a key strategy in this regard is the design of mycobacterial efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs). This review summarises the current state of knowledge surrounding drug-related efflux pumps in M. tuberculosis and presents recent updates within the field of mycobacterial EPIs with a view to aiding the design of an effective adjunct therapy to overcome efflux-mediated resistance in TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Laws
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Peiqin Jin
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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13
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Li Y, Koripella RK, Sharma MR, Lee RE, Agrawal RK, Ojha AK. Replacement of S14 Protein in Ribosomes of Zinc-Starved Mycobacteria Reduces Spectinamide Sensitivity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e01833-20. [PMID: 33361293 PMCID: PMC8092523 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01833-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential micronutrient for mycobacteria, and its depletion induces multiple adaptive changes in cellular physiology, the most remarkable of which are remodeling and hibernation of ribosomes. Ribosome remodeling, induced upon relatively moderate depletion of zinc, involves replacement of multiple ribosomal proteins containing the zinc-binding CXXC motif (called C+ r proteins) by their motif-free C- paralogs. Severe zinc depletion induces binding of mycobacterial protein Y (Mpy) to the 70S C- ribosome, thereby stabilizing the ribosome in an inactive state that is also resistant to kanamycin and streptomycin. Because the Mpy binding region on the ribosome is proximal to the binding pocket of spectinamides (Spa), the preclinical drug candidates for tuberculosis, we addressed the impact of remodeling and hibernation of ribosomes on Spa sensitivity. We report here that while Mpy binding has no significant effect on Spa sensitivity to the ribosome, replacement of S14C+ with its C- counterpart reduces the binding affinity of the drug by ∼2-fold, causing increased Spa tolerance in Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis cells harboring the C- ribosome. The altered interaction between Spa and ribosomes likely results from new contact points for D67 and R83 residues of S14C- with U1138 and C1184 of 16S rRNA helix 34, respectively. Given that M. tuberculosis induces ribosome remodeling during progression from the acute to chronic phase of lung infection, our findings highlight new considerations in the development of Spa as effective drugs against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Li
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Ravi K Koripella
- Division of Translational Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Manjuli R Sharma
- Division of Translational Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Richard E Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rajendra K Agrawal
- Division of Translational Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Anil K Ojha
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
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14
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Liu F, Hu J, Chang L, Jiang Y. In vitro anti-mycobacterial activity of novel benzo(c)thiophene-1,3-dione: A novel scaffold against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microb Pathog 2020; 148:104466. [PMID: 32871256 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) an infectious disease with very high mortality claims approximately 1.5 million lives and infects 2 billion people annually. The present study evaluated anti-tuberculosis activity of benzo(c)thiophene-1,3-dione against Mycobacterial tuberculosis H37RV in vitro and in vivo in tuberculosis mice model. The MIC of benzo(c)thiophene-1,3-dione, rifampicin and isoniazid were found to be 4.0, 2.0 and 1.0 μg/ml, respectively. Benzo(c)thiophene-1,3-dione showed MIC in the range of 8-14 μg/ml against four drug-resistant isolates of M. tuberculosis and MBC 14 μg/ml against M. tuberculosis H37RV. Interaction of benzo(c)thiophene-1,3-dione with rifampicin led to 2-fold increase in anti-TB activity whereas with isoniazid improvement showed 4-fold enhancement. Fractional inhibitor concentration index suggested additive interaction with rifampicin and synergism with isoniazid. Treatment with benzo(c)thiophene-1,3-dione at 1X MIC indicated bacteriostatic activity whereas at 2X, 4X and 4X MIC doses significant reduction in M. tuberculosis load was observed. The benzo(c)thiophene-1,3-dione administration to mice at doses of 5000 and 1000 mg/kg caused no changes in behaviour nor any death. Benzo(c)thiophene-1,3-dione treatment of tuberculosis mice model effectively inhibited pulmonary CFU compared to model group. Data obtained from MTT assay showed negligible cytotoxicity of benzo(c)thiophene-1,3-dione against CMMT, MB 157, CL-S1, normal breast cells in 5-320 μg/ml concentration range. Thus, benzo(c)thiophene-1,3-dione exhibits promising anti-mycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV and other drug resistant strains. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis mice model benzo(c)thiophene-1,3-dione significantly suppressed bacterial load and showed synergism with isoniazid. Therefore, benzo(c)thiophene-1,3-dione has potential to be evaluated further for development of anti-tuberculosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Brith Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jinliang Hu
- Institute of Health Policy & Hospital Management, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China; West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Li Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Brith Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yongmei Jiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Brith Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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15
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Burke C, Jankute M, Moynihan P, Gonzalez Del Rio R, Li X, Esquivias J, Lelièvre J, Cox JAG, Sacchettini J, Besra GS. Development of a novel secondary phenotypic screen to identify hits within the mycobacterial protein synthesis pipeline. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:600-612. [PMID: 33089076 PMCID: PMC7566049 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whole‐cell phenotypic screening is the driving force behind modern anti‐tubercular drug discovery efforts. Focus has shifted from screening for bactericidal scaffolds to screens incorporating target deconvolution. Target‐based screening aims to direct drug discovery toward known effective targets and avoid investing resources into unproductive lines of enquiry. The protein synthesis pipeline, including RNA polymerase and the ribosome, is a clinically proven target in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Screening for new hits of this effective target pathway is an invaluable tool in the drug discovery arsenal. Methods Using M. tuberculosis H37Rv augmented with anhydrotetracycline‐inducible expression of mCherry, a phenotypic screen was developed for the identification of protein synthesis inhibitors in a medium throughput screening format. Results The assay was validated using known inhibitors of protein synthesis to show a dose‐dependent reduction in mCherry fluorescence. This was expanded to a proprietary screen of hypothetical protein synthesis hits and modified to include quantitative viability measurement of cells using resazurin. Conclusion Following the success of the proprietary screen, a larger scale screen of the GlaxoSmithKline anti‐tubercular library containing 2799 compounds was conducted. Combined single shot and dose‐response screening yielded 18 hits, 0.64% of all screened compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Burke
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection School of Biosciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Monika Jankute
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection School of Biosciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Patrick Moynihan
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection School of Biosciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | | | - Xiaojun Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Texas A&M University College Station Texas United States
| | - Jorge Esquivias
- Diseases of the Developing World GlaxoSmithKline Tres Cantos Madrid Spain
| | - Joël Lelièvre
- Diseases of the Developing World GlaxoSmithKline Tres Cantos Madrid Spain
| | | | - James Sacchettini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Texas A&M University College Station Texas United States
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection School of Biosciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
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16
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Ponomareva LV, Cui Z, Van Lanen SG, Thorson JS. Sugar-Pirating as an Enabling Platform for the Synthesis of 4,6-Dideoxyhexoses. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9389-9395. [PMID: 32330028 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An efficient divergent synthetic strategy that leverages the natural product spectinomycin to access uniquely functionalized monosaccharides is described. Stereoselective 2'- and 3'-reduction of key spectinomycin-derived intermediates enabled facile access to all eight possible 2,3-stereoisomers of 4,6-dideoxyhexoses as well as representative 3,4,6-trideoxysugars and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-aminohexoses. In addition, the method was applied to the synthesis of two functionalized sugars commonly associated with macrolide antibiotics-the 3-O-alkyl-4,6-dideoxysugar d-chalcose and the 3-N-alkyl-3,4,6-trideoxysugar d-desosamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Larissa V Ponomareva
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Zheng Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Steven G Van Lanen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
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17
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Potential anti-TB investigational compounds and drugs with repurposing potential in TB therapy: a conspectus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5633-5662. [PMID: 32372202 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The latest WHO report estimates about 1.6 million global deaths annually from TB, which is further exacerbated by drug-resistant (DR) TB and comorbidities with diabetes and HIV. Exiguous dosing, incomplete treatment course, and the ability of the tuberculosis bacilli to tolerate and survive current first-line and second-line anti-TB drugs, in either their latent state or active state, has resulted in an increased prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and totally drug-resistant TB (TDR-TB). Although a better understanding of the TB microanatomy, genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, has resulted in the discovery of a few novel promising anti-TB drug targets and diagnostic biomarkers of late, no new anti-TB drug candidates have been approved for routine therapy in over 50 years, with only bedaquiline, delamanid, and pretomanid recently receiving tentative regulatory approval. Considering this, alternative approaches for identifying possible new anti-TB drug candidates, for effectively eradicating both replicating and non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are still urgently required. Subsequently, several antibiotic and non-antibiotic drugs with known treatment indications (TB targeted and non-TB targeted) are now being repurposed and/or derivatized as novel antibiotics for possible use in TB therapy. Insights gathered here reveal that more studies focused on drug-drug interactions between licensed and potential lead anti-TB drug candidates need to be prioritized. This write-up encapsulates the most recent findings regarding investigational compounds with promising anti-TB potential and drugs with repurposing potential in TB therapy.
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18
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Makarov V, Salina E, Reynolds RC, Kyaw Zin PP, Ekins S. Molecule Property Analyses of Active Compounds for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8917-8955. [PMID: 32259446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to claim the lives of around 1.7 million people per year. Most concerning are the reports of multidrug drug resistance. Paradoxically, this global health pandemic is demanding new therapies when resources and interest are waning. However, continued tuberculosis drug discovery is critical to address the global health need and burgeoning multidrug resistance. Many diverse classes of antitubercular compounds have been identified with activity in vitro and in vivo. Our analyses of over 100 active leads are representative of thousands of active compounds generated over the past decade, suggests that they come from few chemical classes or natural product sources. We are therefore repeatedly identifying compounds that are similar to those that preceded them. Our molecule-centered cheminformatics analyses point to the need to dramatically increase the diversity of chemical libraries tested and get outside of the historic Mtb property space if we are to generate novel improved antitubercular leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Makarov
- FRC Fundamentals of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Elena Salina
- FRC Fundamentals of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Robert C Reynolds
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, NP 2540 J, 1720 Second Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-3300, United States
| | - Phyo Phyo Kyaw Zin
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510 Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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19
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Hajiaheman Y, Yang Y, Shayilanbieke N, Jin G. Mycobacterium culturing and drug resistance of osteoarticular tuberculosis in Xinjiang, China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19697. [PMID: 32311949 PMCID: PMC7220655 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to elucidate the strains and drug resistance of mycobacterium isolated from osteoarticular tuberculosis (OATB) patients and provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of OATB.Sixty-nine clinically diagnosed and surgically treated OATB patients were collected in time period of January 2017 to December 2018 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. The BACTEC MGIT 960 system was used for mycobacteria culturing, strain identification, and drug susceptibility testing, and the mycobacteria culture positive rate, species distribution, and drug resistance were analyzed.Within 4 weeks, 24 (34.78%) isolates of mycobacteria culture were positive; 40 (57.97%) isolates were positive, when culturing time was expanded to 8 weeks, and the difference was statistically significant (P < .05). Among the 40 isolates, 24 (60%) were identified as mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), 10 (25%) were Mycobacterium bovis, and 6 (15%) were non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Among total 69 isolates, 40 were enrolled in drug sensitivity test, and 15 (37.5%) isolates were confirmed drug resistant strains, in which 5 isolates were MTB, 4 isolates were M. bovis, and 6 isolates of NTM.The pathogen of clinically diagnosed OATB was mainly MTB. However, M. bovis and NTM also accounted for a considerable proportion, and their drug resistance rate was higher. Extending the culturing time appropriately could improve the culture positive rate. NTM was a drug resistant strain, and mycobacteria culturing, strain identification, and drug resistance analysis should be carried out to serve as a guide for individual treatment.
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20
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Sharma A, Gupta VK, Pathania R. Efflux pump inhibitors for bacterial pathogens: From bench to bedside. Indian J Med Res 2019; 149:129-145. [PMID: 31219077 PMCID: PMC6563736 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2079_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of antibiotics, bacterial infections were supposed to be a thing of past. However, this instead led to the selection and evolution of bacteria with mechanisms to counter the action of antibiotics. Antibiotic efflux is one of the major mechanisms, whereby bacteria pump out the antibiotics from their cellular interior to the external environment using special transporter proteins called efflux pumps. Inhibiting these pumps seems to be an attractive strategy at a time when novel antibiotic supplies are dwindling. Molecules capable of inhibiting these pumps, known as efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs), have been viewed as potential therapeutic agents that can rejuvenate the activity of antibiotics that are no longer effective against bacterial pathogens. EPIs follow some general mechanisms of efflux inhibition and are derived from various natural as well as synthetic sources. This review focuses on EPIs and identifies the challenges that have kept these futuristic therapeutics away from the commercial realm so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atin Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - Ranjana Pathania
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
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21
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Inhaled Antibiotics for Mycobacterial Lung Disease. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11070352. [PMID: 31331119 PMCID: PMC6680843 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial lung diseases are an increasing global health concern. Tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria differ in disease severity, epidemiology, and treatment strategies, but there are also a number of similarities. Pathophysiology and disease progression appear to be relatively similar between these two clinical diagnoses, and as a result these difficult to treat pulmonary infections often require similarly extensive treatment durations of multiple systemic drugs. In an effort to improve treatment outcomes for all mycobacterial lung diseases, a significant body of research has investigated the use of inhaled antibiotics. This review discusses previous research into inhaled development programs, as well as ongoing research of inhaled therapies for both nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease, and tuberculosis. Due to the similarities between the causative agents, this review will also discuss the potential cross-fertilization of development programs between these similar-yet-different diseases. Finally, we will discuss some of the perceived difficulties in developing a clinically utilized inhaled antibiotic for mycobacterial diseases, and potential arguments in favor of the approach.
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22
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Yang X, Yuan T, Ma R, Chacko KI, Smith M, Deikus G, Sebra R, Kasarskis A, van Bakel H, Franzblau SG, Sampson NS. Mce3R Stress-Resistance Pathway Is Vulnerable to Small-Molecule Targeting That Improves Tuberculosis Drug Activities. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1239-1251. [PMID: 31012313 PMCID: PMC6630528 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
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One-third of the world’s population
carries Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the infectious agent that causes tuberculosis (TB), and every
17 s someone dies of TB. After infection, Mtb can
live dormant for decades in a granuloma structure arising from the
host immune response, and cholesterol is important for this persistence
of Mtb. Current treatments require long-duration
drug regimens with many associated toxicities, which are compounded
by the high doses required. We phenotypically screened 35 6-azasteroid
analogues against Mtb and found that, at low micromolar
concentrations, a subset of the analogues sensitized Mtb to multiple TB drugs. Two analogues were selected for further study
to characterize the bactericidal activity of bedaquiline and isoniazid
under normoxic and low-oxygen conditions. These two 6-azasteroids
showed strong synergy with bedaquiline (fractional inhibitory concentration
index = 0.21, bedaquiline minimal inhibitory concentration = 16 nM
at 1 μM 6-azasteroid). The rate at which spontaneous resistance
to one of the 6-azasteroids arose in the presence of bedaquiline was
approximately 10–9, and the 6-azasteroid-resistant
mutants retained their isoniazid and bedaquiline sensitivity. Genes
in the cholesterol-regulated Mce3R regulon were required for 6-azasteroid
activity, whereas genes in the cholesterol catabolism pathway were
not. Expression of a subset of Mce3R genes was down-regulated upon
6-azasteroid treatment. The Mce3R regulon is implicated in stress
resistance and is absent in saprophytic mycobacteria. This regulon
encodes a cholesterol-regulated stress-resistance pathway that we
conclude is important for pathogenesis and contributes to drug tolerance,
and this pathway is vulnerable to small-molecule targeting in live
mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Tianao Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Rui Ma
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, 425 PHARM, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Kieran I. Chacko
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York City, New York 10029, United States
| | - Melissa Smith
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York City, New York 10029, United States
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York City, New York, 10029-6574, United States
| | - Gintaras Deikus
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York City, New York 10029, United States
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York City, New York, 10029-6574, United States
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York City, New York 10029, United States
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York City, New York, 10029-6574, United States
| | - Andrew Kasarskis
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York City, New York 10029, United States
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York City, New York, 10029-6574, United States
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York City, New York 10029, United States
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York City, New York, 10029-6574, United States
| | - Scott G. Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, 425 PHARM, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Nicole S. Sampson
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, 100 John S. Toll Drive, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, 10 Marais Street, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
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23
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Aminomethyl spectinomycins: a novel antibacterial chemotype for biothreat pathogens. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 72:693-701. [PMID: 31164713 PMCID: PMC6684479 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
New antibiotics that are active against multi-drug-resistant strains and difficult-to-treat bacterial infections are needed. Synthetic modification of spectinomycin, a bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor, has been shown to increase antibacterial activity compared with spectinomycin. Aminomethyl spectinomycins are active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. In this study, the ability of aminomethyl spectinomycins to treat biothreat pathogens is examined by MIC profiling, synergy testing, and in vivo efficacy experiments. Compound 1950 exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative pathogens Brucella spp., Burkholderia mallei, and Francisella tularensis, but showed little to no growth inhibition against Burkholderia pseudomallei, Bacillus anthracis, and Yersinia pestis. Combination testing in checkerboard assays revealed that aminomethyl spectinomycin-antibiotic combinations had mainly an additive effect against the susceptible biodefense pathogens. The in vivo efficacy of compound 1950 was also demonstrated in mice infected with B. mallei (FMH) or F. tularensis (SchuS4). These results suggest that aminomethyl spectinomycins are promising new candidates for development of therapeutics against biodefense bacterial agents.
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24
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Hussain A, Rather MA, Bhat ZS, Majeed A, Maqbool M, Shah AM, Aga MA, Shah A, Mushtaq S, Sangwan PL, Hassan QP, Ahmad Z. In vitro evaluation of dinactin, a potent microbial metabolite against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 53:49-53. [PMID: 30267759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Current long duration treatment options and the emergence of drug resistance in tuberculosis (TB) have led to renewed interest in discovery of novel anti-tubercular agents or the scaffolds exhibiting enhanced efficacy with current anti-TB drugs. Herein, dinactin, a potent bioactive macrotetrolide isolated from Streptomyces puniceus AS13, was evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and other susceptible and drug-resistant clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis. In vitro pharmacological assays showed that dinactin is bactericidal against laboratory standard strain M. tuberculosis H37Rv (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] 1 µg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC] 4 µg/mL). Dinactin also retained its activity against various clinical isolates, including multidrug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. Whole cell interaction assays with standard first- and second-line anti-TB drugs showed the synergistic interaction of dinactin with rifampicin or amikacin, reflecting its suitability for use in combination regimens. The killing kinetics studies of dinactin against M. tuberculosis H37Rv revealed that it has strong concentration-dependent anti-TB activity that is also dependent on time. The kill curve also showed dynamic killing capacity of dinactin as it exhibited bactericidal potential at all concentrations tested. Kill curve data demonstrated that dinactin, like isoniazid, exerts its strong tuberculocidal activity within the first two days of exposure. This evidence strongly supports further evaluation of dinactin as a new option in the treatment of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aehtesham Hussain
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir 190005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India
| | - Muzafar Ahmad Rather
- Clinical Microbiology and PK/PD Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir 190005, India
| | - Zubair Shanib Bhat
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India; Clinical Microbiology and PK/PD Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir 190005, India
| | - Aasif Majeed
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir 190005, India
| | - Mubashir Maqbool
- Clinical Microbiology and PK/PD Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir 190005, India
| | - Aabid Manzoor Shah
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir 190005, India
| | - Mushtaq A Aga
- Bio-organic chemistry division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir 190005, India
| | - Aiyatullah Shah
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir 190005, India
| | - Saleem Mushtaq
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir 190005, India
| | - Payare L Sangwan
- Bio-organic chemistry division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India
| | - Qazi Parvaiz Hassan
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir 190005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India.
| | - Zahoor Ahmad
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India; Clinical Microbiology and PK/PD Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir 190005, India.
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25
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Rather MA, Bhat ZS, Lone AM, Maqbool M, Amin S, Bhat BA, Ahmad Z. In vitro antimycobacterial activity of 2-(((2-hydroxyphenyl)amino)methylene)-5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione: a new chemical entity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:265-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Herrmann J, Rybniker J, Müller R. Novel and revisited approaches in antituberculosis drug discovery. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 48:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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27
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Patel YS, Mehra S. Synergistic Response of Rifampicin with Hydroperoxides on Mycobacterium: A Mechanistic Study. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2075. [PMID: 29163385 PMCID: PMC5671503 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged chemotherapy as well as rapid development of antimicrobial resistance are two of the major concerns for treatment of mycobacterial infections. To enhance the effectiveness of current drug regimens, search for compounds having synergistic interaction with anti-mycobacterial drugs has become indispensable. Here, we have investigated the intervention by oxidative stress, a major factor in mycobacterial pathogenesis, in combination with rifampicin (RIF), a first-line drug used against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We have observed that a sub-inhibitory concentration of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP), a hydrophobic oxidant, synergistically reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration of RIF by fourfold, with a Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) of 0.45. Also, this interaction was found to be robust and synergistic against different strains of M. smegmatis as well as on M. bovis BCG, with FICI ranging from 0.3 to 0.6. Various physiological, biochemical and molecular parameters were explored to understand the mechanism of synergy. It was observed that increased membrane permeability owing to the presence of the oxidant, led to higher uptake of the drug. Moreover, downregulation of the hydroperoxide reductases by RIF, a transcriptional inhibitor, prevented quenching of the reactive oxygen species produced in the presence of CHP. The lipid soluble reactive species triggered autocatalytic lipid peroxidation (LPO), observed here as extensive membrane damage eventually leading to growth inhibition. Furthermore, it was seen that in combination with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the effect was only additive, establishing LPO as a key aspect leading toward synergism. To conclude, this work suggests that targeting the bacterial membrane by a radical species can have a significant impact on the treatment of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarika Mehra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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28
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Robertson GT, Scherman MS, Bruhn DF, Liu J, Hastings C, McNeil MR, Butler MM, Bowlin TL, Lee RB, Lee RE, Lenaerts AJ. Spectinamides are effective partner agents for the treatment of tuberculosis in multiple mouse infection models. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:770-777. [PMID: 27999020 PMCID: PMC5400088 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: New drug regimens employing combinations of existing and experimental antimicrobial agents are needed to shorten treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in humans. The spectinamides are narrow-spectrum semisynthetic analogues of spectinomycin, modified to avoid intrinsic efflux by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Spectinamides, including lead 1599, have been previously shown to exhibit a promising therapeutic profile in mice as single agents. Here we explore the in vivo activity of lead spectinamides when combined with other agents. Methods: The efficacy of 1599 or 1810 was tested in combination in three increasingly advanced TB mouse models. Mice were infected by aerosol and allowed to establish acute or chronic infection, followed by treatment (≤4 weeks) with the spectinamides alone or in two- and three-drug combination regimens with existing and novel therapeutic agents. Bacteria were enumerated from lungs by plating for cfu. Results: Herein we show the following: (i) 1599 exhibits additive or synergistic activity with most of the first-line agents; (ii) 1599 in combination with rifampicin and pyrazinamide or with bedaquiline and pyrazinamide promotes significantly improved efficacy in the high-dose aerosol model; (iii) 1599 enhances efficacy of rifampicin or pyrazinamide in chronically infected BALB/c mice; and (iv) 1599 is synergistic when administered in combination with rifampicin and pyrazinamide in the C3HeB/FeJ mouse model showing caseous necrotic pulmonary lesions. Conclusions: Spectinamides were effective partner agents for multiple anti-TB agents including bedaquiline, rifampicin and pyrazinamide. None of these in vivo synergistic interactions was predicted from in vitro MIC chequerboard assays. These data support further development of the spectinamides as combination partners with existing and experimental anti-TB agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Robertson
- Mycobacterial Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Michael S Scherman
- Mycobacterial Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - David F Bruhn
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 28105, USA
| | - Jiuyu Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 28105, USA
| | - Courtney Hastings
- Mycobacterial Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Michael R McNeil
- Mycobacterial Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | | | - Robin B Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 28105, USA
| | - Richard E Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 28105, USA
| | - Anne J Lenaerts
- Mycobacterial Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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29
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Kumar V, Patel S, Jain R. New structural classes of antituberculosis agents. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:684-740. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vajinder Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; S.A.S. Nagar Punjab India
- Present address: Department of Chemistry; Akal University; Talwandi Sabo Punjab 151 302 India
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; S.A.S. Nagar Punjab India
| | - Rahul Jain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; S.A.S. Nagar Punjab India
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30
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AlMatar M, AlMandeal H, Var I, Kayar B, Köksal F. New drugs for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:546-558. [PMID: 28482292 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis presents a grave challenge to health, globally instigating 1.5 million mortalities each year. Following the breakthrough of first-line anti-TB medication, the number of mortalities reduced greatly; nonetheless, the swift appearance of tuberculosis which was drug-resistant, as well as the capability of the bacterium to survive and stay dormant are a considerable problem for public health. In order to address this issue, several novel possible candidates for tuberculosis therapy have been subjected to clinical trials of late. The novel antimycobacterial agents are acquired from different categories of medications, operate through a range of action systems, and are at various phases of advancement. We therefore talk about the present methods of treating tuberculosis and novel anti-TB agents with their action method, in order to advance awareness of these new compounds and medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaf AlMatar
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences (Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü), Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Husam AlMandeal
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Gebäude 90, Kirrberger Straße, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Işıl Var
- Department of Food Engineering, Agricultural Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Begüm Kayar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fatih Köksal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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31
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Liu J, Bruhn DF, Lee RB, Zheng Z, Janusic T, Scherbakov D, Scherman MS, Boshoff HI, Das S, Rakesh, Waidyarachchi SL, Brewer TA, Gracia B, Yang L, Bollinger J, Robertson GT, Meibohm B, Lenaerts AJ, Ainsa J, Böttger EC, Lee RE. Structure-Activity Relationships of Spectinamide Antituberculosis Agents: A Dissection of Ribosomal Inhibition and Native Efflux Avoidance Contributions. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:72-88. [PMID: 28081607 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spectinamides are a novel class of antitubercular agents with the potential to treat drug-resistant tuberculosis infections. Their antitubercular activity is derived from both ribosomal affinity and their ability to overcome intrinsic efflux mediated by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1258c efflux pump. This study explores the structure-activity relationships through analysis of 50 targeted spectinamides. Compounds are evaluated for ribosomal translational inhibition, MIC activity in Rv1258c efflux pump deficient and wild type tuberculosis strains, and efficacy in an acute model of tuberculosis infection. The results of this study show a narrow structure-activity relationship, consistent with a tight ribosome-binding pocket and strict structural requirements to overcome native efflux. Rationalization of ribosomal inhibition data using molecular dynamics simulations showed stable complex formation for halogenated spectinamides consistent with the long post antibiotic effects observed. The lead spectinamides identified in this study demonstrated potent MIC activity against MDR and XDR tuberculosis and had desirable antitubercular class specific features including low protein binding, low microsomal metabolism, no cytotoxicity, and significant reductions in bacterial burdens in the lungs of mice infected with M. tuberculosis. The structure-activity relationships detailed here emphasize the need to examine efflux-mediated resistance in the design of antituberculosis drugs and demonstrate that it is possible to overcome intrinsic efflux with synthetic modification. The ability to understand the structure requirements for this class has produced a variety of new substituted spectinamides, which may provide useful alternative candidates and promote the further development of this class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyu Liu
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - David F. Bruhn
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Robin B. Lee
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Tanja Janusic
- Institut
für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Nationales Zentrum für
Mykobakterien, Universität Zürich, Rämistrasse 71, Gloriastrasse
30/32, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Scherbakov
- Institut
für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Nationales Zentrum für
Mykobakterien, Universität Zürich, Rämistrasse 71, Gloriastrasse
30/32, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael S. Scherman
- Mycobacterial
Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, 1682 Campus
Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Helena I. Boshoff
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National
Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, 33 North Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Sourav Das
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Rakesh
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Samanthi L. Waidyarachchi
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Tiffany A. Brewer
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Begoña Gracia
- Departamento
de Microbiologı́a, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública,
and BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza and CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lei Yang
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - John Bollinger
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Gregory T. Robertson
- Mycobacterial
Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, 1682 Campus
Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Bernd Meibohm
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Anne J. Lenaerts
- Mycobacterial
Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, 1682 Campus
Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jose Ainsa
- Departamento
de Microbiologı́a, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública,
and BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza and CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Erik C. Böttger
- Institut
für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Nationales Zentrum für
Mykobakterien, Universität Zürich, Rämistrasse 71, Gloriastrasse
30/32, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Richard E. Lee
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS#1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
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32
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Yao H, Liu J, Xu S, Zhu Z, Xu J. The structural modification of natural products for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 12:121-140. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1272757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Junkai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shengtao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zheying Zhu
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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33
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Collaborative drug discovery for More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB). Drug Discov Today 2016; 22:555-565. [PMID: 27884746 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Neglected disease drug discovery is generally poorly funded compared with major diseases and hence there is an increasing focus on collaboration and precompetitive efforts such as public-private partnerships (PPPs). The More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) project is one such collaboration funded by the EU with the goal of discovering new drugs for tuberculosis. Collaborative Drug Discovery has provided a commercial web-based platform called CDD Vault which is a hosted collaborative solution for securely sharing diverse chemistry and biology data. Using CDD Vault alongside other commercial and free cheminformatics tools has enabled support of this and other large collaborative projects, aiding drug discovery efforts and fostering collaboration. We will describe CDD's efforts in assisting with the MM4TB project.
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Goc A, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. Cooperation of Doxycycline with Phytochemicals and Micronutrients Against Active and Persistent Forms of Borrelia sp. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1093-103. [PMID: 27570483 PMCID: PMC4997053 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.16060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals and micronutrients represent a growing theme in antimicrobial defense; however, little is known about their anti-borreliae effects of reciprocal cooperation with antibiotics. A better understanding of this aspect could advance our knowledge and help improve the efficacy of current approaches towards Borrelia sp. In this study, phytochemicals and micronutrients such as baicalein, luteolin, 10-HAD, iodine, rosmarinic acid, and monolaurin, as well as, vitamins D3 and C were tested in a combinations with doxycycline for their in vitro effectiveness against vegetative (spirochetes) and latent (rounded bodies, biofilm) forms of Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia garinii. Anti-borreliae effects were evaluated according to checkerboard assays and supported by statistical analysis. The results showed that combination of doxycycline with flavones such as baicalein and luteolin exhibited additive effects against all morphological forms of studied Borrelia sp. Doxycycline combined with iodine demonstrated additive effects against spirochetes and biofilm, whereas with fatty acids such as monolaurin and 10-HAD it produced FICIs of indifference. Additive anti-spirochetal effects were also observed when doxycycline was used with rosmarinic acid and both vitamins D3 and C. Antagonism was not observed in any of the cases. This data revealed the intrinsic anti-borreliae activity of doxycycline with tested phytochemicals and micronutrients indicating that their addition may enhance efficacy of this antibiotic in combating Borrelia sp. Especially the addition of flavones balcalein and luteolin to a doxycycline regimen could be explored further in defining more effective treatments against these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goc
- Dr. Rath Research Institute BV, Santa Clara, California 95050, USA
| | | | - Matthias Rath
- Dr. Rath Research Institute BV, Santa Clara, California 95050, USA
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Hoagland DT, Liu J, Lee RB, Lee RE. New agents for the treatment of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 102:55-72. [PMID: 27151308 PMCID: PMC4903924 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate dosing and incomplete treatment regimens, coupled with the ability of the tuberculosis bacilli to cause latent infections that are tolerant of currently used drugs, have fueled the rise of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Treatment of MDR-TB infections is a major clinical challenge that has few viable or effective solutions; therefore patients face a poor prognosis and years of treatment. This review focuses on emerging drug classes that have the potential for treating MDR-TB and highlights their particular strengths as leads including their mode of action, in vivo efficacy, and key medicinal chemistry properties. Examples include the newly approved drugs bedaquiline and delaminid, and other agents in clinical and late preclinical development pipeline for the treatment of MDR-TB. Herein, we discuss the challenges to developing drugs to treat tuberculosis and how the field has adapted to these difficulties, with an emphasis on drug discovery approaches that might produce more effective agents and treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Hoagland
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jiuyu Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Robin B Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Richard E Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Mirani ZA, Naz S, Khan F, Aziz M, Asadullah, Khan MN, Khan SI. Antibacterial fatty acids destabilize hydrophobic and multicellular aggregates of biofilm in S. aureus. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2016; 70:115-121. [PMID: 27353168 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2016.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Present study is based on 20 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates recovered from different food items. These isolates were identified on the basis of colony morphology, Gram staining and growth on different selective and differential media. Studies on 16S RNA and positive reactions on DNase agar and Prolex Latex Agglutination system confirm it as Staphylococcus aureus. Oxacillin susceptibility testing and PCR with mecA gene-specific primer results showed that these isolates are MRSA-carrying mecA gene that belongs to SCCmecA type IV and also harbor agr type II. Phenotypic study revealed that these isolates adopt biofilm mode of growth after exposure to subinhibitory doses of oxacillin. The biofilm and cell surface hydrophobicity have a strong correlation. It was noticed that affinity to hexadecane (apolar-solvent) of planktonic cells was low, suggesting its hydrophilic character. However, as the cells are exposed to oxacillin, they adopt biofilm mode of life and the affinity to apolar solvent increases, indicating a hydrophobic character. In biofilm consortia, the cells with more hydrophobic surfaces show incomplete septation and produce multicellular aggregates. This is due to reduced expression of atl gene. This was confirmed by real-time PCR studies. Moreover, the planktonic or wild-type phenotypes of these isolates were more tolerant to antibacterial effect of the fatty acids used; that is, cis-2-decanoic acid and cis-9-octadectanoic acid. These fatty acids were more effective against biofilms. After exposure to these fatty acids, established biofilms were dispersed and surviving cells were unable to readopt biofilm mode of life. The planktonic or wild-type phenotypes produce fatty acid-modifying enzyme (FAME) to inactivate the bactericidal activity of fatty acids by esterification to cholesterol. The biofilm indwellers are metabolically inactive and unable to produce FAME; hence, they are vulnerable to antibiofilm effect of cis-2-decanoic acid and cis-9-octadectanoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiqar Ali Mirani
- Microbiological Analytical Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Naz
- Microbiological Analytical Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fouzia Khan
- Department of Pathology, Dow University Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mubashir Aziz
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology Section, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Asadullah
- Microbiological Analytical Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naseem Khan
- Microbiological Analytical Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Seema Ismat Khan
- Microbiological Analytical Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan
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Song L, Wu X. Development of efflux pump inhibitors in antituberculosis therapy. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 47:421-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Lehmann J, Vomacka J, Esser K, Nodwell M, Kolbe K, Rämer P, Protzer U, Reiling N, Sieber SA. Human lysosomal acid lipase inhibitor lalistat impairs Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth by targeting bacterial hydrolases. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00231e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lalistat inhibits growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in bacterial culture as well as in infected macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Lehmann
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - J. Vomacka
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - K. Esser
- Institut für Virologie
- Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München
- 81675 München
- Germany
| | - M. Nodwell
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - K. Kolbe
- Forschungszentrum Borstel
- Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften
- FG Mikrobielle Grenzflächenbiologie
- 23845 Borstel
- Germany
| | - P. Rämer
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene
- Technische Universität München
- 81675 München
- Germany
| | - U. Protzer
- Institut für Virologie
- Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München
- 81675 München
- Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF)
| | - N. Reiling
- Forschungszentrum Borstel
- Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften
- FG Mikrobielle Grenzflächenbiologie
- 23845 Borstel
- Germany
| | - S. A. Sieber
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
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