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Jelača S, Jovanovic I, Bovan D, Pavlovic S, Gajovic N, Dunđerović D, Dajić-Stevanović Z, Acović A, Mijatović S, Maksimović-Ivanić D. Antimelanoma Effects of Alchemilla vulgaris: A Comprehensive In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Diseases 2024; 12:125. [PMID: 38920557 PMCID: PMC11202689 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12060125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the rich ethnobotanical and growing evidence-based medicine records, the Alchemillae herba, i.e., the upper parts of the Lady's mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris L.), was used for the assessment of antimelanoma activity. The ethanolic extract of A. vulgaris strongly suppressed the viability of B16F1, B16F10, 518A2, and Fem-X cell lines. In contrast to the in vitro study, where the B16F1 cells were more sensitive to the treatment than the more aggressive counterpart B16F10, the results obtained in vivo using the corresponding syngeneic murine model were quite the opposite. The higher sensitivity of B16F10 tumors in vivo may be attributed to a more complex response to the extract compared to one triggered in vitro. In addition, the strong immunosuppressive microenvironment in the B16F1 model is impaired by the treatment, as evidenced by enhanced antigen-presenting potential of dendritic cells, influx and activity of CD4+ T and CD8+ T lymphocytes, decreased presence of T regulatory lymphocytes, and attenuation of anti-inflammatory cytokine production. All these effects are supported by the absence of systemic toxicity. A. vulgaris extract treatment results in a sustained and enhanced ability to reduce melanoma growth, followed by the restoration of innate and adopted antitumor immunity without affecting the overall physiology of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Jelača
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.J.); (D.B.)
| | - Ivan Jovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (I.J.); (S.P.); (N.G.)
| | - Dijana Bovan
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.J.); (D.B.)
| | - Sladjana Pavlovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (I.J.); (S.P.); (N.G.)
| | - Nevena Gajovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (I.J.); (S.P.); (N.G.)
| | - Duško Dunđerović
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Zora Dajić-Stevanović
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandar Acović
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Sanja Mijatović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.J.); (D.B.)
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.J.); (D.B.)
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2
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Pan Z, Wang Y, Li S, Cai H, Guan G. The prognostic role of the change in albumin-derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. BIOMOLECULES & BIOMEDICINE 2024; 24:612-624. [PMID: 38041687 PMCID: PMC11088900 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2023.9787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) has improved with the adoption of a multidisciplinary treatment approach combining neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and total mesorectal excision (TME). Developing real-time, sensitive biomarkers to monitor systemic changes during nCRT is of paramount importance. Although the association between albumin-derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (Alb-dNLR) and prognosis in various cancers is established, its prognostic value in LARC patients undergoing nCRT is not well-studied. This study enrolled a cohort of 618 LARC patients, stratifying them into two groups according to their change in Alb-dNLR (∆Alb-dNLR) values, using an optimal cut-off point: a low ∆Alb-dNLR group (≤ 0.90) and a high ∆Alb-dNLR group (> 0.90). The prognostic significance of ∆Alb-dNLR was evaluated using a Cox proportional hazards model. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 75.2% in the low ∆Alb-dNLR group (≤ 0.90) and 85.9% in the high ∆Alb-dNLR group (>0.90) (P < 0.001). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 71.2% and 80.6%, respectively (P = 0.016). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that both ∆Alb-dNLR and pre-Alb-dNLR were independent prognostic factors for OS (P ≤ 0.001), while ∆Alb-dNLR was demonstrated as an independent prognostic factor for DFS (P = 0.016). A predictive nomogram, incorporating the ∆Alb-dNLR subgroup, demonstrated enhanced performance (concordance index [C-index] of 0.720 for OS and 0.690 for DFS) compared to the pre-treatment Alb-dNLR subgroup (C-index of 0.700 for OS and of 0.680 for DFS). Therefore, ∆Alb-dNLR shows significant potential as a usable and prognostic biomarker for predicting OS and DFS in LARC patients undergoing nCRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Pan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shoufeng Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huajun Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guoxian Guan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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3
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Plewa N, Poncette L, Blankenstein T. Generation of TGFβR2(-1) neoantigen-specific HLA-DR4-restricted T cell receptors for cancer therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006001. [PMID: 36822673 PMCID: PMC9950979 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoptive transfer of patient's T cells, engineered to express a T cell receptor (TCR) with defined novel antigen specificity, is a convenient form of cancer therapy. In most cases, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I-restricted TCRs are expressed in CD8+ T cells and the development of CD4+ T cells engineered to express an MHC II-restricted TCR lacks behind. Critical is the choice of the target antigen, whether the epitope is efficiently processed and binds with high affinity to MHC molecules. A mutation in the transforming growth factor β receptor 2 (TGFβR2(-1)) gene creates a frameshift peptide caused by the deletion of one adenine (-1) within a microsatellite sequence. This somatic mutation is recurrent in microsatellite instable colorectal and gastric cancers and, therefore, is a truly tumor-specific antigen detected in many patients. METHODS ABabDR4 mice, which express a diverse human TCR repertoire restricted to human MHC II molecule HLA-DRA/DRB1*0401 (HLA-DR4), were immunized with the TGFβR2(-1) peptide and TGFβR2(-1)-specific TCRs were isolated from responding CD4+ T cells. The TGFβR2(-1)-specific TCRs were expressed in human CD4+ T cells and their potency and safety profile were assessed by co-cultures and other functional assays. RESULTS We demonstrated that TGFβR2(-1) neoantigen is immunogenic and elicited CD4+ T cell responses in ABabDR4 mice. When expressed in human CD4+ T cells, the HLA-DR4 restricted TGFβR2(-1)-specific TCRs induced IFNy expression at low TGFβR2(-1) peptide amounts. The TGFβR2(-1)-specific TCRs recognized HLA-DR4+ lymphoblastoid cells, which endogenously processed and presented the neoantigen, and colorectal cancer cell lines SW48 and HCT116 naturally expressing the TGFβR2(-1) mutation. No MHC II alloreactivity or cross-reactivity to peptides with a similar TCR-recognition motif were observed, indicating the safety of the TCRs. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that HLA-DR4-restricted TCRs specific for the TGFβR2(-1) recurrent neoantigen can be valuable candidates for adoptive T cell therapy of a sizeable number of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Plewa
- Max Delbruck Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucia Poncette
- Max Delbruck Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Maggadóttir SM, Kvalheim G, Wernhoff P, Sæbøe-Larssen S, Revheim ME, Josefsen D, Wälchli S, Helland Å, Inderberg EM. A phase I/II escalation trial design T-RAD: Treatment of metastatic lung cancer with mRNA-engineered T cells expressing a T cell receptor targeting human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). Front Oncol 2022; 12:1031232. [PMID: 36439452 PMCID: PMC9685610 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1031232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) with genetically modified T cells aims to redirect T cells against resistant cancers through introduction of a T cell receptor (TCR). The Radium-4 TCR was isolated from a responding patient in a cancer vaccination study and recognizes the enzymatic component of human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) presented on MHC class II (HLA-DP04). hTERT is a constitutively overexpressed tumor-associated antigen present in most human cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is the second most common type of cancer worldwide. Treatment alternatives for relapsing NSCLC are limited and survival is poor. To improve patient outcome we designed a TCR-based ACT study targeting hTERT. Methods T-RAD is a phase I/II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Radium-4 mRNA electroporated autologous T cells in the treatment of metastatic NSCLC with no other treatment option. Transient TCR expression is applied for safety considerations. Participants receive two intravenous injections with escalating doses of redirected T cells weekly for 6 consecutive weeks. Primary objectives are safety and tolerability. Secondary objectives include progression-free survival, time to progression, overall survival, patient reported outcomes and overall radiological response. Discussion Treatment for metastatic NSCLC is scarce and new personalized treatment options are in high demand. hTERT is a tumor target applicable to numerous cancer types. This proof-of-concept study will explore for the first time the safety and efficacy of TCR mRNA electroporated autologous T cells targeting hTERT. The T-RAD study will thus evaluate an attractive candidate for future immunotherapy of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sólrún Melkorka Maggadóttir
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Section for Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Kvalheim
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Section for Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Patrik Wernhoff
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein Sæbøe-Larssen
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Section for Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Dag Josefsen
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Section for Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sébastien Wälchli
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Section for Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åslaug Helland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Else Marit Inderberg
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Section for Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Else Marit Inderberg,
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5
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Wang B, Hu S, Fu X, Li L. CD4
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Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 7:e2200169. [PMID: 36193961 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells have the ability to differentiate into relatively specialized effector subsets after exposure to innate immune signals. The remarkable plasticity of CD4+ T cells is required to achieve immune responses in different tissues and against various pathogens. Numerous studies have shown that CD4+ T cells can play direct and indispensable roles in protective immunity by killing infected or transformed cells. Although the lineage decision of commitment to the CD4+ or CD8+ cell lineage is once thought to be inflexible, the identification of antigen-experienced CD4+ T cells with cytotoxic activity suggests the existence of unexpected plasticity for these cells. The recognition of CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and the mechanisms driving the differentiation of this particular cell subset create opportunities to explore the roles of these effector cells in protective immunity and immune-related pathology. CD4+ CTLs are proven to play a protective role in antiviral immunity. Here, the latest investigations on the phenotypic and functional features of CD4+ CTLs and their roles in antitumor immunity and immunotherapy are briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory Department of Thoracic Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei 430030 P. R. China
| | - Shaojie Hu
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory Department of Thoracic Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei 430030 P. R. China
| | - Xiangning Fu
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory Department of Thoracic Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei 430030 P. R. China
| | - Lequn Li
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory Department of Thoracic Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei 430030 P. R. China
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6
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Zhang Y, Qin P, Xu X, Li M, Huang H, Yan J, Zhou Y. Mediator Complex Subunit 19 Promotes the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Regulating the AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 11:792285. [PMID: 35047403 PMCID: PMC8761619 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.792285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, the pathogenesis of which remains unclear. Mediator complex subunit 19 (MED19), a subunit of the Mediator complex, is a multi-protein co-activator necessary for DNA transcription factors to induce RNA polymerase II transcription. In the current study, we aimed to study the role of MED19 in HCC and elucidate its mechanism. Methods MED19 expression in HCC tissues was determined. The relationship between MED19 and the clinical prognosis was explored. The influence of MED19 on HCC cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis was studied. The expression of AKT/mTOR pathway genes and proteins was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. The correlation between MED19 and immune infiltration was investigated. Results MED19 was upregulated in HCC tissues compared with tumor-adjacent tissues, and was associated with a poor prognosis. Furthermore, high MED19 expression was correlated with race, gender, etc. Knockdown of MED19 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoted apoptosis. Knockdown of MED19 decreased p-AKT and p-mTOR protein expression. Additionally, the downstream effectors of the AKT/mTOR pathway, p70S6K1 and 4EBP1, were affected by MED19. Notably, MED19 expression was positively correlated with the infiltration levels of B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, etc. Conclusion MED19 is significantly upregulated in HCC tissues and cells. MED19 may promote the progression of HCC in vitro and may be related to immune infiltration. Together, our data show that MED19 could be considered as a new possible biomarker as well as a novel therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Peifang Qin
- Department of Microbiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xingfeng Xu
- Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Mao Li
- Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jianguo Yan
- Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yali Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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7
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Matsuzaki J, Lele S, Odunsi K, Tsuji T. Identification of Claudin 6-specific HLA class I- and HLA class II-restricted T cell receptors for cellular immunotherapy in ovarian cancer. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2020983. [PMID: 35003898 PMCID: PMC8741298 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.2020983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is one of promising immunotherapies for cancer patients by providing a large amount of cancer antigen-specific effector T cells that can be manufactured rapidly by ex vivo gene engineering. To provide antigen-specificity to patients’ autologous T cells in a short-term culture, T-cell receptors (TCRs) or chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are transduced to bulk T cells. Because of intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity in tumor antigen expression, a repertoire of TCR or CAR genes targeting a wide range of tumor antigens are required for a broad and effective treatment by ACT. Here, we characterized immunogenicity of claudin 6 (CLDN6) in ovarian cancer patients and identified specific TCR genes from CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. CLDN6 protein was frequently expressed on EpCAM+ ovarian cancer cells but not CD45+ lymphocytes in tumor ascites of ovarian cancer patients. Spontaneous CLDN6-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell response was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 1 out of 17 ovarian cancer patients. HLA-A*02:01 (A2) and DR*04:04 (DR4)-restricted TCR genes were isolated from CLDN6-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, respectively. T cells that were engineered with A2-restricted TCR gene recognized and killed A2+CLDN6+ cancer cells. DR4-restricted TCR-transduced T cells directly recognized DR4+CLDN6+-overexpressed cancer cells. Our results demonstrate that these CLDN6-specific TCR genes are useful as therapeutic genes for ACT to patients with ovarian and other solid tumors expressing CLDN6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Matsuzaki
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shashikant Lele
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Takemasa Tsuji
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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8
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Li S, Zhuang S, Heit A, Koo SL, Tan AC, Chow IT, Kwok WW, Tan IB, Tan DS, Simoni Y, Newell EW. Bystander CD4 + T cells infiltrate human tumors and are phenotypically distinct. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2012961. [PMID: 36524209 PMCID: PMC9746624 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.2012961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-specific T cells likely underpin effective immune checkpoint-blockade therapies. Yet, most studies focus on Treg cells and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Here, we study CD4+ TILs in human lung and colorectal cancers and observe that non-Treg CD4+ TILs average more than 70% of total CD4+ TILs in both cancer types. Leveraging high dimensional analyses including mass cytometry, we reveal that CD4+ TILs are phenotypically heterogeneous, within each tumor and across patients. Consistently, we find different subsets of CD4+ TILs showing characteristics of effectors, tissue resident memory (Trm) or exhausted cells (expressing PD-1, CTLA-4 and CD39). In both cancer types, the frequencies of CD39- non-Treg CD4+ TILs strongly correlate with frequencies of CD39- CD8+ TILs, which we and others have previously shown to be enriched for cells specific for cancer-unrelated antigens (bystanders). Ex-vivo, we demonstrate that CD39- CD4+ TILs can be specific for cancer-unrelated antigens, such as HCMV epitopes. Overall, our findings highlight that CD4+ TILs can also recognize cancer-unrelated antigens and suggest measuring CD39 expression as a straightforward way to quantify or isolate bystander CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamin Li
- Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Summer Zhuang
- Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Antja Heit
- Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Si-Lin Koo
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore,Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aaron C. Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - I-Ting Chow
- Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*Star), Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - William W. Kwok
- Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*Star), Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Iain Beehuat Tan
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore,Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Yannick Simoni
- Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, Washington, USA,Université de Paris, Institut Cochin INSERM U1016, Paris, France,CONTACT Yannick Simoni Université de Paris, Institut Cochin INSERM U1016, 22 Rue Mechain, Paris75014, France
| | - Evan W. Newell
- Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, Washington, USA,Evan W. Newell Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Mail Stop S2-204, Seattle, WA98109, USA
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9
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Mao T, Yang R, Luo Y, He K. Crucial role of T cells in NAFLD-related disease: A review and prospect. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1051076. [PMID: 36457551 PMCID: PMC9705593 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1051076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a series of hepatic manifestations, starting with liver steatosis and potentially evolving towards nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its incidence is increasing worldwide. Several factors including metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, lipotoxicity contribute to the liver inflammation. Several immune cell-mediated inflammatory processes are involved in NAFLD in which T cells play a crucial part in the progression of the disease. In this review, we focus on the role of different subsets of both conventional and unconventional T cells in pathogenesis of NAFLD. Factors regarding inflammation and potential therapeutic approaches targeting immune cells in NASH are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kang He, ; Yi Luo,
| | - Kang He
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kang He, ; Yi Luo,
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10
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Lai SCA, Gundlapalli H, Ekiz HA, Jiang A, Fernandez E, Welm AL. Blocking Short-Form Ron Eliminates Breast Cancer Metastases through Accumulation of Stem-Like CD4+ T Cells That Subvert Immunosuppression. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:3178-3197. [PMID: 34330779 PMCID: PMC8800951 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has potential to prevent and treat metastatic breast cancer, but strategies to enhance immune-mediated killing of metastatic tumors are urgently needed. We report that a ligand-independent isoform of Ron kinase (SF-Ron) is a key target to enhance immune infiltration and eradicate metastatic tumors. Host-specific deletion of SF-Ron caused recruitment of lymphocytes to micrometastases, augmented tumor-specific T-cell responses, and nearly eliminated breast cancer metastasis in mice. Lack of host SF-Ron caused stem-like TCF1+ CD4+ T cells with type I differentiation potential to accumulate in metastases and prevent metastatic outgrowth. There was a corresponding increase in tumor-specific CD8+ T cells, which were also required to eliminate lung metastases. Treatment of mice with a Ron kinase inhibitor increased tumor-specific CD8+ T cells and protected from metastatic outgrowth. These data provide a strong preclinical rationale to pursue small-molecule Ron kinase inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of metastatic breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE The discovery that SF-Ron promotes antitumor immune responses has significant clinical implications. Therapeutic antibodies targeting full-length Ron may not be effective for immunotherapy; poor efficacy of such antibodies in trials may be due to their inability to block SF-Ron. Our data warrant trials with inhibitors targeting SF-Ron in combination with immunotherapy. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2945.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chin Alicia Lai
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Harika Gundlapalli
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - H. Atakan Ekiz
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Amanda Jiang
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Elvelyn Fernandez
- Genomics Summer Research for Minorities (GSRM) Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Alana L. Welm
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Corresponding Author: Alana L. Welm, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Room 2515, Salt Lake City, UT 84112. Phone: 801-587-4622; E-mail:
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11
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Identification of a Prognosis-Related Risk Signature for Bladder Cancer to Predict Survival and Immune Landscapes. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:3236384. [PMID: 34708131 PMCID: PMC8545590 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3236384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer is the tenth most common cancer worldwide. Valuable biomarkers in the field of diagnostic bladder cancer are urgently required. Method Here, the gene expression matrix and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GSE13507, GSE32894, and Mariathasan et al. Five prognostic genes were identified by the univariate, robust, and multivariate Cox's regression and were used to develop a prognosis-related model. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves and receiver operating characteristics were used to evaluate the model's effectiveness. The potential biological functions of the selected genes were analyzed using CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms. Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal (CTRP) and PRISM datasets were used to identify drugs with high sensitivity. Subsequently, using the bladder cancer (BLCA) cell lines, the role of TNFRSF14 was determined by Western blotting, cell proliferation assay, and 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine assay. Results GSDMB, CLEC2D, APOL2, TNFRSF14, and GBP2 were selected as prognostic genes in bladder cancer patients. The model's irreplaceable reliability was validated by the training and validation cohorts. CD8+ T cells were highly infiltrated in the high-TNFRSF14-expression group, and M2 macrophages were the opposite. Higher expression of TNFRSF14 was associated with higher expression levels of LCK, interferon, MHC-I, and MHC-II, while risk score was the opposite. Many compounds with higher sensitivity for treating bladder cancer patients in the low-TNFRSF14-expression group were identified, with obatoclax being a potential drug most likely to treat patients in the low-TNFRSF14-expression group. Finally, the proliferation of BLCA cell lines was increased in the TNFRSF14-reduced group, and the differential expression was identified. TNFRSF14 plays a role in bladder cancer progression through the Wnt/β-catenin-dependent pathway. TNFRSF14 is a potential protective biomarker involved in cell proliferation in BLCA. Conclusion We conducted a study to establish a 5-gene score model, providing reliable prediction for the outcome of bladder cancer patients and therapeutic drugs to individualize therapy. Our findings provide a signature that might help determine the optimal treatment for individual patients with bladder cancer.
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12
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Rodriguez Messan M, Yogurtcu ON, McGill JR, Nukala U, Sauna ZE, Yang H. Mathematical model of a personalized neoantigen cancer vaccine and the human immune system. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009318. [PMID: 34559809 PMCID: PMC8462726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines are an important component of the cancer immunotherapy toolkit enhancing immune response to malignant cells by activating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Multiple successful clinical applications of cancer vaccines have shown good safety and efficacy. Despite the notable progress, significant challenges remain in obtaining consistent immune responses across heterogeneous patient populations, as well as various cancers. We present a mechanistic mathematical model describing key interactions of a personalized neoantigen cancer vaccine with an individual patient’s immune system. Specifically, the model considers the vaccine concentration of tumor-specific antigen peptides and adjuvant, the patient’s major histocompatibility complexes I and II copy numbers, tumor size, T cells, and antigen presenting cells. We parametrized the model using patient-specific data from a clinical study in which individualized cancer vaccines were used to treat six melanoma patients. Model simulations predicted both immune responses, represented by T cell counts, to the vaccine as well as clinical outcome (determined as change of tumor size). This model, although complex, can be used to describe, simulate, and predict the behavior of the human immune system to a personalized cancer vaccine. Personalized cancer vaccines have gained attention in recent years due to the advances in sequencing techniques that have facilitated the identification of multiple tumor-specific mutations. This type of individualized immunotherapy has the potential to be specific, efficacious, and safe since it induces an immune response to protein targets not found on normal cells. This work focuses on understanding and analyzing important mechanisms involved in the activity of personalized cancer vaccines using a mechanistic mathematical model. This model describes the interactions of a personalized neoantigen peptide cancer vaccine, the human immune system and tumor cells operating at the molecular and cellular level. The molecular level captures the processing and presentation of neoantigens by dendritic cells to the T cells using cell surface proteins. The cellular level describes the differentiation of dendritic cells due to peptides and adjuvant concentrations in the vaccine, activation, and proliferation of T cells in response to treatment, and tumor growth. The model captures immune response behavior to a vaccine associated with patient-specific factors (e.g., different initial tumor burdens). This model enables the simulation of a complex biological system, the human immune system, by performing in silico experiments that may become the input for further analysis such as the identification of key parameters or mechanisms and/or interpretation of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisabel Rodriguez Messan
- Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Osman N. Yogurtcu
- Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joseph R. McGill
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ujwani Nukala
- Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zuben E. Sauna
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hong Yang
- Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Wang H, Che Y, Yang Y, Suo J, Wang X. Inhibition of Orthotopic Genital Cancer Induced by Subcutaneous Administration of Human Papillomavirus Peptide Vaccine with CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides as an Adjuvant in Mice. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:5559-5572. [PMID: 34285577 PMCID: PMC8285235 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s309226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common cause of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. Although prophylactic HPV vaccines have been applied in the general population for the prevention of HPV infections, no licensed therapeutic HPV vaccine is currently available to treat preexisting HPV infections or HPV-associated diseases, including cervical cancer. Materials and Methods The most common murine cervical cancer model used for the evaluation of the efficacy of a therapeutic HPV vaccine in preclinical studies is the ectopic model, which is established by the subcutaneous inoculation of tumor cells, such as TC-1 cells, into the flank of an animal. We have previously demonstrated the efficacy of a therapeutic HPV peptide vaccine adjuvanted with unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotide in the clearance of ectopic subcutaneous tumors in C57BL/6 mice after vaccination. In the current study, we established orthotopic genital tumors by injecting TC-1 cells into the vaginal submucosa close to the cervix and assessed whether the subcutaneous administration of the therapeutic vaccine could inhibit the growth of genital tumors. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of the vaccination on the tumor microenvironment. Results The results showed that the vaccination induced an increase in infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, a decrease in myeloid-derived suppressor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts, as well as the differential expression of a panel of cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases within the tumor microenvironment. Conclusion The administration of the vaccine resulted in the inhibition of established implanted orthotopic genital tumors by inducing strong antitumor immune responses and reversed tolerogenic local immunosuppression in a mouse model of orthotopic genital cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Nursing College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Che
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinguo Suo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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14
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Chen M, Brackett CM, Burdelya LG, Punnanitinont A, Patnaik SK, Matsuzaki J, Odunsi AO, Gudkov AV, Singh AK, Repasky EA, Gurova KV. Stimulation of an anti-tumor immune response with "chromatin-damaging" therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2073-2086. [PMID: 33439292 PMCID: PMC8726059 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Curaxins are small molecules that bind genomic DNA and interfere with DNA-histone interactions leading to the loss of histones and decondensation of chromatin. We named this phenomenon 'chromatin damage'. Curaxins demonstrated anti-cancer activity in multiple pre-clinical tumor models. Here, we present data which reveals, for the first time, a role for the immune system in the anti-cancer effects of curaxins. Using the lead curaxin, CBL0137, we observed elevated expression of several group of genes in CBL0137-treated tumor cells including interferon sensitive genes, MHC molecules, some embryo-specific antigens suggesting that CBL0137 increases tumor cell immunogenicity and improves recognition of tumor cells by the immune system. In support of this, we found that the anti-tumor activity of CBL0137 was reduced in immune deficient SCID mice when compared to immune competent mice. Anti-tumor activity of CBL0137 was abrogated in CD8+ T cell depleted mice but only partially lost when natural killer or CD4+ T cells were depleted. Further support for a key role for the immune system in the anti-tumor activity of CBL0137 is evidenced by an increased antigen-specific effector CD8+ T cell and NK cell response, and an increased ratio of effector T cells to Tregs in the tumor and spleen. CBL0137 also elevated the number of CXCR3-expressing CTLs in the tumor and the level of interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) in serum, suggesting IP-10/CXCR3 controls CBL0137-elicited recruitment of effector CTLs to tumors. Our collective data underscores a previously unrecognized role for both innate and adaptive immunity in the anti-tumor activity of curaxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Chen
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Craig M Brackett
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Lyudmila G Burdelya
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Achamaporn Punnanitinont
- Cancer for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Santosh K Patnaik
- Cancer for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Cancer for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Adekunle O Odunsi
- Cancer for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Andrei V Gudkov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Anurag K Singh
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Repasky
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
| | - Katerina V Gurova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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15
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Martens AWJ, Janssen SR, Derks IAM, Adams Iii HC, Izhak L, van Kampen R, Tonino SH, Eldering E, van der Windt GJW, Kater AP. CD3xCD19 DART molecule treatment induces non-apoptotic killing and is efficient against high-risk chemotherapy and venetoclax-resistant chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000218. [PMID: 32581054 PMCID: PMC7319711 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bispecific antibodies are promising new therapeutics in B cell malignancies. Whether they lead to potent T cell activation despite described T cell dysfunction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and are able to effectively target high-risk or venetoclax-resistant samples, is currently unknown. METHODS CD19+ cell lines or primary (high-risk) CLL were cocultured in vitro with healthy donor (HD) or CLL-derived T cells in the presence of a CD3xCD19 dual affinity retargeting molecule (CD3xCD19 DART). Cell cytotoxicity, T cell activation, proliferation and effector molecule production were analyzed using flow cytometry. RESULTS Here, we report that a bispecific CD3xCD19 DART mediates efficient killing by HD T cells of CD19+ cell-lines and primary CLL cells, regardless of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IGHV) mutational status TP53 status or chemotherapy, ibrutinib or venetoclax sensitivity. Whereas TCR stimulation of CLL-derived T cells resulted in dysfunctional T cell activation and proliferation, treatment with CD3xCD19 DART led to a similar activation profile in CLL-derived and HD-derived T cells. Consistently, co-culture of CLL derived T cells with JeKo-1 or CLL cells in the presence of CD3xCD19 DART resulted in significant cytotoxicity by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. On stimulation of CLL cells with CD40L, CLL cells become resistant to the specific inhibitor of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein venetoclax, due to upregulation of Bcl-2 family members such as Bcl-XL. Nevertheless, CD40L stimulated CLL cells were as efficiently lysed on CD3xCD19 DART treatment as unstimulated CLL cells. Further examination of the mechanism of CD3xCD19 DART mediated killing showed that lysis was dependent on granules, but was independent of BAX/BAK or caspase activity, indicating non-apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSIONS These data show that CD3xCD19 DART in CLL leads to robust T cell activation and lysis of high-risk venetoclax resistant CLL cells through a non-apoptotic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne W J Martens
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne R Janssen
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid A M Derks
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Homer C Adams Iii
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Liat Izhak
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roel van Kampen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zuyderland Medical Centre Heerlen, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne H Tonino
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Eldering
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerritje J W van der Windt
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arnon P Kater
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Germano G, Lu S, Rospo G, Lamba S, Rousseau B, Fanelli S, Stenech D, Le DT, Hays J, Totaro MG, Amodio V, Chilà R, Mondino A, Diaz LA, Di Nicolantonio F, Bardelli A. CD4 T Cell-Dependent Rejection of Beta-2 Microglobulin Null Mismatch Repair-Deficient Tumors. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:1844-1859. [PMID: 33653693 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) is considered a determinant of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) in melanoma and lung cancers. In contrast, B2M loss does not appear to affect response to ICPis in mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd) colorectal tumors where biallelic inactivation of B2M is frequently observed. We inactivated B2m in multiple murine MMRd cancer models. Although MMRd cells would not readily grow in immunocompetent mice, MMRd B2m null cells were tumorigenic and regressed when treated with anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA4. The efficacy of ICPis against MMRd B2m null tumors did not require CD8+ T cells but relied on the presence of CD4+ T cells. Human tumors expressing low levels of B2M display increased intratumoral CD4+ T cells. We conclude that B2M inactivation does not blunt the efficacy of ICPi in MMRd tumors, and we identify a unique role for CD4+ T cells in tumor rejection. SIGNIFICANCE: B2M alterations, which impair antigen presentation, occur frequently in microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancers. Although in melanoma and lung cancers B2M loss is a mechanism of resistance to immune checkpoint blockade, we show that MMRd tumors respond to ICPis through CD4+ T-cell activation.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1601.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Germano
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy. .,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Steve Lu
- Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Giuseppe Rospo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Lamba
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Benoit Rousseau
- Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sonia Fanelli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Denise Stenech
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Dung T Le
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John Hays
- Division of Medical Oncology, Wexner Medical Center and James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Vito Amodio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosaria Chilà
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Turin, Italy.,IFOM-the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Mondino
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luis A Diaz
- Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Federica Di Nicolantonio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy. .,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
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17
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Johnson DK, Magoffin W, Myers SJ, Finnell JG, Hancock JC, Orton TS, Persaud SP, Christensen KA, Weber KS. CD4 Inhibits Helper T Cell Activation at Lower Affinity Threshold for Full-Length T Cell Receptors Than Single Chain Signaling Constructs. Front Immunol 2021; 11:561889. [PMID: 33542711 PMCID: PMC7851051 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.561889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are crucial for effective repression and elimination of cancer cells. Despite a paucity of CD4+ T cell receptor (TCR) clinical studies, CD4+ T cells are primed to become important therapeutics as they help circumvent tumor antigen escape and guide multifactorial immune responses. However, because CD8+ T cells directly kill tumor cells, most research has focused on the attributes of CD8+ TCRs. Less is known about how TCR affinity and CD4 expression affect CD4+ T cell activation in full length TCR (flTCR) and TCR single chain signaling (TCR-SCS) formats. Here, we generated an affinity panel of TCRs from CD4+ T cells and expressed them in flTCR and three TCR-SCS formats modeled after chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to understand the contributions of TCR-pMHCII affinity, TCR format, and coreceptor CD4 interactions on CD4+ T cell activation. Strikingly, the coreceptor CD4 inhibited intermediate and high affinity TCR-construct activation by Lck-dependent and -independent mechanisms. These inhibition mechanisms had unique affinity thresholds dependent on the TCR format. Intracellular construct formats affected the tetramer staining for each TCR as well as IL-2 production. IL-2 production was promoted by increased TCR-pMHCII affinity and the flTCR format. Thus, CD4+ T cell therapy development should consider TCR affinity, CD4 expression, and construct format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah K Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Wyatt Magoffin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Sheldon J Myers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Jordan G Finnell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - John C Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Taylor S Orton
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Stephen P Persaud
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kenneth A Christensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - K Scott Weber
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
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18
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Hadavi M, Hassanshahi G, Jafarzadeh A, Rezaeian M, Vazirinejad R, Sarkoohi A, Aminzadeh F. Anesthesia technique and serum cytokine concentrations in the elective cesarean section. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 26:91. [PMID: 34899929 PMCID: PMC8607184 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_536_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Anesthesiologists should obtain the best technique for cesarean section (CS). This study designed to compare the effect of general anesthesia (GA) and spinal anesthesia (SA) on immune system function in elective CS. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on forty candidates for elective CS. They were randomly divided into GA and SA groups. The serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were measured using ELISA method prior to anesthesia (T0), immediately after the uterine incision (T1), 2 h post CS (T2), and 24 h post CS (T3). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square, independent t-test, and repeated measures. Results: No significant differences were observed between the GA and SA groups regarding the serum levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and IFN-γ. The serum levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in the SA group were significantly (P = 0.003) more than that of the GA group at T3. Conclusion: According to the angiogenesis properties of TGF-β, it seems that SA probably affects the rate of recovery more than that of the GA.
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19
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Subbannayya Y, Haug M, Pinto SM, Mohanty V, Meås HZ, Flo TH, Prasad TK, Kandasamy RK. The Proteomic Landscape of Resting and Activated CD4+ T Cells Reveal Insights into Cell Differentiation and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E275. [PMID: 33383959 PMCID: PMC7795831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells (T helper cells) are cytokine-producing adaptive immune cells that activate or regulate the responses of various immune cells. The activation and functional status of CD4+ T cells is important for adequate responses to pathogen infections but has also been associated with auto-immune disorders and survival in several cancers. In the current study, we carried out a label-free high-resolution FTMS-based proteomic profiling of resting and T cell receptor-activated (72 h) primary human CD4+ T cells from peripheral blood of healthy donors as well as SUP-T1 cells. We identified 5237 proteins, of which significant alterations in the levels of 1119 proteins were observed between resting and activated CD4+ T cells. In addition to identifying several known T-cell activation-related processes altered expression of several stimulatory/inhibitory immune checkpoint markers between resting and activated CD4+ T cells were observed. Network analysis further revealed several known and novel regulatory hubs of CD4+ T cell activation, including IFNG, IRF1, FOXP3, AURKA, and RIOK2. Comparison of primary CD4+ T cell proteomic profiles with human lymphoblastic cell lines revealed a substantial overlap, while comparison with mouse CD+ T cell data suggested interspecies proteomic differences. The current dataset will serve as a valuable resource to the scientific community to compare and analyze the CD4+ proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashwanth Subbannayya
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (Y.S.); (M.H.); (S.M.P.); (H.Z.M.); (T.H.F.)
| | - Markus Haug
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (Y.S.); (M.H.); (S.M.P.); (H.Z.M.); (T.H.F.)
| | - Sneha M. Pinto
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (Y.S.); (M.H.); (S.M.P.); (H.Z.M.); (T.H.F.)
| | - Varshasnata Mohanty
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India; (V.M.); (T.S.K.P.)
| | - Hany Zakaria Meås
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (Y.S.); (M.H.); (S.M.P.); (H.Z.M.); (T.H.F.)
| | - Trude Helen Flo
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (Y.S.); (M.H.); (S.M.P.); (H.Z.M.); (T.H.F.)
| | - T.S. Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India; (V.M.); (T.S.K.P.)
| | - Richard K. Kandasamy
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (Y.S.); (M.H.); (S.M.P.); (H.Z.M.); (T.H.F.)
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20
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Dillard P, Köksal H, Maggadottir SM, Winge-Main A, Pollmann S, Menard M, Myhre MR, Mælandsmo GM, Flørenes VA, Gaudernack G, Kvalheim G, Wälchli S, Inderberg EM. Targeting Telomerase with an HLA Class II-Restricted TCR for Cancer Immunotherapy. Mol Ther 2020; 29:1199-1213. [PMID: 33212301 PMCID: PMC7934585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cell therapy is a promising cancer treatment approach. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is overexpressed in the majority of tumors and a potential target for adoptive cell therapy. We isolated a novel hTERT-specific TCR sequence, named Radium-4, from a clinically responding pancreatic cancer patient vaccinated with a long hTERT peptide. Radium-4 TCR-redirected primary CD4+ and CD8+ T cells demonstrated in vitro efficacy, producing inflammatory cytokines and killing hTERT+ melanoma cells in both 2D and 3D settings, as well as malignant, patient-derived ascites cells. Importantly, T cells expressing Radium-4 TCR displayed no toxicity against bone marrow stem cells or mature hematopoietic cells. Notably, Radium-4 TCR+ T cells also significantly reduced tumor growth and improved survival in a xenograft mouse model. Since hTERT is a universal cancer antigen, and the very frequently expressed HLA class II molecules presenting the hTERT peptide to this TCR provide a very high (>75%) population coverage, this TCR represents an attractive candidate for immunotherapy of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Dillard
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hakan Köksal
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Anna Winge-Main
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sylvie Pollmann
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mathilde Menard
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Renée Myhre
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunhild M Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vivi Ann Flørenes
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gustav Gaudernack
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Kvalheim
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sébastien Wälchli
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Else Marit Inderberg
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
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21
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Shu S, Matsuzaki J, Want MY, Conway A, Benjamin-Davalos S, Allen CL, Koroleva M, Battaglia S, Odunsi A, Minderman H, Ernstoff MS. An Immunosuppressive Effect of Melanoma-derived Exosomes on NY-ESO-1 Antigen-specific Human CD8 + T Cells is Dependent on IL-10 and Independent of BRAF V600E Mutation in Melanoma Cell Lines. Immunol Invest 2020; 49:744-757. [PMID: 32799717 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1803353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, including human melanoma-derived exosomes (HMEX), are known to suppress the function of immune effector cells, which for HMEX has been associated with the surface presence of the immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1. This study investigated the relationship between the BRAF mutational status of melanoma cells and the inhibition of secreted HMEX exosomes on antigen-specific human T cells. Exosomes were isolated from two melanoma cell lines, 2183-Her4 and 888-mel, which are genetically wild-type BRAFWT and BRAFV600E, respectively. HMEX were isolated using a modified, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) method shown to reduce co-isolation of non-exosome-associated cytokines compared to ultracentrifugation isolation. The immunoinhibitory effect of the exosomes was tested in vitro on patient-derived NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ T cells challenged with NY-ESO-1 antigen. HMEX from both cell lines inhibited the immune response of antigen-specific T cells comparably, as evidenced by the reduction of IFN-γ and TNF-α in NY-ESO-1 tetramer-positive cells. This inhibition could be partially reversed by the presence of anti-PD-L1 and anti-IL-10 antibodies. IL-10 has been demonstrated to be a critical pathway for sustaining enhanced tumorigenesis in BRAFV600E mutant cells compared to BRAFWT melanoma cells. Thus, we demonstrate that HMEX inhibit antigen-specific T cell responses independent of the BRAF mutational status of the parent cells. In addition, PD-L1 and IL-10 contribute to the HMEX-mediated immunosuppression of antigen-specific human T cells. The inhibitory capacity of exosomes should be taken into consideration when developing therapies that are reliant upon the potency of customized, antigen-specific effector T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShinLa Shu
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Muzamil Y Want
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Alexis Conway
- Flow and Image Cytometry Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Cheryl L Allen
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Marina Koroleva
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sebastiano Battaglia
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Adekunle Odunsi
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hans Minderman
- Flow and Image Cytometry Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Marc S Ernstoff
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo, NY, USA
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22
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Schober SJ, Thiede M, Gassmann H, Prexler C, Xue B, Schirmer D, Wohlleber D, Stein S, Grünewald TGP, Busch DH, Richter GHS, Burdach SEG, Thiel U. MHC Class I-Restricted TCR-Transgenic CD4 + T Cells Against STEAP1 Mediate Local Tumor Control of Ewing Sarcoma In Vivo. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071581. [PMID: 32610710 PMCID: PMC7408051 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we report the functional comparison of T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted CD4+ versus CD8+ T cells targeting a peptide from six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 (STEAP1) in the context of HLA-A*02:01. STEAP1 is a tumor-associated antigen, which is overexpressed in many cancers, including Ewing sarcoma (EwS). Based on previous observations, we postulated strong antitumor potential of tumor-redirected CD4+ T cells transduced with an HLA class I-restricted TCR against a STEAP1-derived peptide. We compared CD4+ T cell populations to their CD8+ counterparts in vitro using impedance-based xCELLigence and cytokine/granzyme release assays. We further compared antitumor activity of STEAP130-TCR transgenic (tg) CD4+ versus CD8+ T cells in tumor-bearing xenografted Rag2-/-gc-/- mice. TCR tgCD4+ T cells showed increased cytotoxic features over time with similar functional avidity compared to tgCD8+ cells after 5-6 weeks of culture. In vivo, local tumor control was equal. Assessing metastatic organotropism of intraveniously (i.v.) injected tumors, only tgCD8+ cells were associated with reduced metastases. In this analysis, EwS-redirected tgCD4+ T cells contribute to local tumor control, but fail to control metastatic outgrowth in a model of xenografted EwS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J. Schober
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany; (M.T.); (H.G.); (C.P.); (B.X.); (D.S.); (G.H.S.R.); (S.E.G.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.S.); (U.T.)
| | - Melanie Thiede
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany; (M.T.); (H.G.); (C.P.); (B.X.); (D.S.); (G.H.S.R.); (S.E.G.B.)
| | - Hendrik Gassmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany; (M.T.); (H.G.); (C.P.); (B.X.); (D.S.); (G.H.S.R.); (S.E.G.B.)
| | - Carolin Prexler
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany; (M.T.); (H.G.); (C.P.); (B.X.); (D.S.); (G.H.S.R.); (S.E.G.B.)
| | - Busheng Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany; (M.T.); (H.G.); (C.P.); (B.X.); (D.S.); (G.H.S.R.); (S.E.G.B.)
| | - David Schirmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany; (M.T.); (H.G.); (C.P.); (B.X.); (D.S.); (G.H.S.R.); (S.E.G.B.)
| | - Dirk Wohlleber
- Institute of Molecular Immunology/Experimental Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81674 Munich, Germany;
| | - Stefanie Stein
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology of the LMU, 80337 Munich, Germany; (S.S.); (T.G.P.G.)
| | - Thomas G. P. Grünewald
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology of the LMU, 80337 Munich, Germany; (S.S.); (T.G.P.G.)
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81674 Munich, Germany;
| | - Guenther H. S. Richter
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany; (M.T.); (H.G.); (C.P.); (B.X.); (D.S.); (G.H.S.R.); (S.E.G.B.)
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan E. G. Burdach
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany; (M.T.); (H.G.); (C.P.); (B.X.); (D.S.); (G.H.S.R.); (S.E.G.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), partner site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Thiel
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany; (M.T.); (H.G.); (C.P.); (B.X.); (D.S.); (G.H.S.R.); (S.E.G.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.S.); (U.T.)
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23
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Rasoulouniriana D, Santana-Magal N, Gutwillig A, Farhat-Younis L, Wine Y, Saperia C, Tal L, Gutman H, Tsivian A, Brenner R, Bandora EA, Reticker-Flynn NE, Rider P, Carmi Y. A distinct subset of FcγRI-expressing Th1 cells exert antibody-mediated cytotoxic activity. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4151-4164. [PMID: 31449054 DOI: 10.1172/jci127590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While a high frequency of Th1 cells in tumors is associated with improved cancer prognosis, this benefit has been attributed mainly to support of cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells. By attempting to potentiate antibody-driven immunity, we found a remarkable synergy between CD4+ T cells and tumor-binding antibodies. This surprising synergy was mediated by a small subset of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells that express the high-affinity Fcγ receptor for IgG (FcγRI) in both mouse and human patients. These cells efficiently lyse tumor cells coated with antibodies through concomitant crosslinking of their T cell receptor (TCR) and FcγRI. By expressing FcγRI and its signaling chain in conventional CD4+ T cells, we successfully employed this mechanism to treat established solid cancers. Overall, this discovery sheds new light on the biology of this T cell subset, their function during tumor immunity, and the means to utilize their unique killing signals in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Haim Gutman
- Department of Surgery, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Surgical Oncology Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Alexander Tsivian
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Ronen Brenner
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
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24
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Wang RD, Zhu JY, Zhu Y, Ge YS, Xu GL, Jia WD. Perioperative analgesia with parecoxib sodium improves postoperative pain and immune function in patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Eval Clin Pract 2020; 26:992-1000. [PMID: 31407484 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES Acute postoperative pain can result in immune dysfunction, which can be partly mitigated by efficient pain management. Opioids that have been widely applied to analgesia have been shown to suppress immune function, which has a negative impact on the treatment of patients with cancer. This study investigated the effects of perioperative fentanyl analgesia alone or in combination with parecoxib sodium on postoperative pain, immune function, and prognosis in patients undergoing hepatectomy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS A total of 80 patients scheduled for hepatectomy between October 2013 and August 2014 were included. Patients were randomly divided into two groups (n = 40) and allocated to receive parecoxibsodium 40 mg (group P) or placebo (group C) 30 minutes before induction of anaesthesia, followed by 40 mg every 12 hours for 48 hours after the operation. All patients had access to patient-controlled analgesia with intravenous fentanylpostoperatively. Venous blood samples were collected at the following time points: 30 minutes before induction of anaesthesia (T0), the end of the surgery (T1), 24 hours after surgery (T2), and 72 hours after surgery (T3). The percentages of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ T cells, and CD3+CD16+CD56+ (NK) cells at these time points were quantified by flow cytometry (FCM).Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, total fentanyl consumption, and adverse effects were recorded. The prognostic differences in overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) between the two groups was also investigated. RESULTS For both groups, the percentages of CD3+, CD4+ T cells, and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ significantly decreased at T1 and T2 (P < .05). The percentages of CD3+ T cells were significantly lower in group C than that in group P at T2 (P < .05). In group C, the amount of CD3+ T cells was lower at T3 compared with T0 (P < .05). The percentages of NK cells significantly decreased at T1 in both groups (P < .05). The percentages of NK in group P were recovered nearly to baseline (T0) at T2, which was higher than that of group C (P < .05). In group C, the percentages of NK cells have not recovered nearly to baseline at T3 compared with T0 (P < .05). VAS scores at rest and on cough in group P were significantly lower than those in group C at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after operation (P < .05), and there were no significant differences in VAS scores between the two groups at 48 hours after surgery (P > .05). There were no significant differences regarding the incidence of adverse effects between the two groups (P > .05). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the DFS time in group P was significantly longer than in group C (19.0 months, 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.8-28.2 vs 14.0 months, 95% CI, 8.1-19.9; P < .05). There was no significant difference in OS time (36.0 months, 95% CI, 13.4-58.9 vs 14.0 months, 95% CI, 10.6-25.4; P > .05) between two groups. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicated that perioperative analgesia of parecoxib sodium combined with patient-controlled analgesic fentanyl resulted in better preserved immune function with enhancement of the analgesic efficacy to fentanyl alone of HCC patients undergoing hepatectomy and helped postpone postoperative tumour recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Dong Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Jian-Yu Zhu
- Department of Trauma Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Ge
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Ge-Liang Xu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Wei-Dong Jia
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, China
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25
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Tay RE, Richardson EK, Toh HC. Revisiting the role of CD4 + T cells in cancer immunotherapy-new insights into old paradigms. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:5-17. [PMID: 32457487 PMCID: PMC7886651 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-0183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 425] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionised cancer treatment, with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy and adoptive cell therapy (ACT) increasingly becoming standard of care across a growing number of cancer indications. While the majority of cancer immunotherapies focus on harnessing the anti-tumour CD8+ cytotoxic T cell response, the potential role of CD4+ 'helper' T cells has largely remained in the background. In this review, we give an overview of the multifaceted role of CD4+ T cells in the anti-tumour immune response, with an emphasis on recent evidence that CD4+ T cells play a bigger role than previously thought. We illustrate their direct anti-tumour potency and their role in directing a sustained immune response against tumours. We further highlight the emerging observation that CD4+ T cell responses against tumours tend to be against self-derived epitopes. These recent trends raise vital questions and considerations that will profoundly affect the rational design of immunotherapies to leverage on the full potential of the immune system against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong En Tay
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Emma K Richardson
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore. .,Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
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26
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Sublethal Radiation Affects Antigen Processing and Presentation Genes to Enhance Immunogenicity of Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072573. [PMID: 32272797 PMCID: PMC7178186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
While immunotherapy in cancer is designed to stimulate effector T cell response, tumor-associated antigens have to be presented on malignant cells at a sufficient level for recognition of cancer by T cells. Recent studies suggest that radiotherapy enhances the anti-cancer immune response and also improves the efficacy of immunotherapy. To understand the molecular basis of such observations, we examined the effect of ionizing X-rays on tumor antigens and their presentation in a set of nine human cell lines representing cancers of the esophagus, lung, and head and neck. A single dose of 7.5 or 15 Gy radiation enhanced the New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) tumor-antigen-mediated recognition of cancer cells by NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ T cells. Irradiation led to significant enlargement of live cells after four days, and microscopy and flow cytometry revealed multinucleation and polyploidy in the cells because of dysregulated mitosis, which was also revealed in RNA-sequencing-based transcriptome profiles of cells. Transcriptome analyses also showed that while radiation had no universal effect on genes encoding tumor antigens, it upregulated the expression of numerous genes involved in antigen processing and presentation pathways in all cell lines. This effect may explain the immunostimulatory role of cancer radiotherapy.
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27
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Chruściel E, Urban-Wójciuk Z, Arcimowicz Ł, Kurkowiak M, Kowalski J, Gliwiński M, Marjański T, Rzyman W, Biernat W, Dziadziuszko R, Montesano C, Bernardini R, Marek-Trzonkowska N. Adoptive Cell Therapy-Harnessing Antigen-Specific T Cells to Target Solid Tumours. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E683. [PMID: 32183246 PMCID: PMC7140076 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, much research has been focused on the field of adoptive cell therapies (ACT) that use native or genetically modified T cells as therapeutic tools. Immunotherapy with T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) demonstrated great success in the treatment of haematologic malignancies, whereas adoptive transfer of autologous tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) proved to be highly effective in metastatic melanoma. These encouraging results initiated many studies where ACT was tested as a treatment for various solid tumours. In this review, we provide an overview of the challenges of T cell-based immunotherapies of solid tumours. We describe alternative approaches for choosing the most efficient T cells for cancer treatment in terms of their tumour-specificity and phenotype. Finally, we present strategies for improvement of anti-tumour potential of T cells, including combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Chruściel
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science (ICCVS), University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland; (E.C.); (Z.U.-W.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Zuzanna Urban-Wójciuk
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science (ICCVS), University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland; (E.C.); (Z.U.-W.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Łukasz Arcimowicz
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science (ICCVS), University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland; (E.C.); (Z.U.-W.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Kurkowiak
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science (ICCVS), University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland; (E.C.); (Z.U.-W.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jacek Kowalski
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science (ICCVS), University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland; (E.C.); (Z.U.-W.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Gliwiński
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Marjański
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (T.M.); (W.R.)
| | - Witold Rzyman
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (T.M.); (W.R.)
| | - Wojciech Biernat
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Rafał Dziadziuszko
- Department of Oncology and Radiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Carla Montesano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberta Bernardini
- Department of Biology and Interdepartmental Center CIMETA, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Natalia Marek-Trzonkowska
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science (ICCVS), University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland; (E.C.); (Z.U.-W.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
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28
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Long-term surviving cancer patients as a source of therapeutic TCR. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:859-865. [PMID: 31915853 PMCID: PMC7183495 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have established a platform for the isolation of tumour-specific TCR from T cells of patients who experienced clinical benefit from cancer vaccination. In this review we will present the rationale behind this strategy and discuss the advantages of working with “natural” wild type TCRs. Indeed, the general trend in the field has been to use various modifications to enhance the affinity of such therapeutic TCRs. This was done to obtain stronger T cell responses, often at the cost of safety. We further describe antigen targets and recent in vitro and in vivo results obtained to validate them. We finally discuss the use of MHC class II-restricted TCR in immunotherapy. Typically cellular anti-tumour immune responses have been attributed to CD8 T cells; however, we isolated mainly CD4 T cells. Importantly, these MHC class II-restricted TCRs have the potential to induce broad, long lasting immune responses that enable cancer control. The use of CD4 T cell-derived TCRs for adoptive immunotherapy has so far been limited and we will here discuss their therapeutic potential.
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Masciale V, Grisendi G, Banchelli F, D'Amico R, Maiorana A, Sighinolfi P, Pinelli M, Lovati E, Stefani A, Morandi U, Dominici M, Aramini B. Correlating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and lung cancer stem cells: a cross-sectional study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:619. [PMID: 31930020 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.11.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are endowed with high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) expression and play roles in tumor proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. Their elusive nature may allow them to escape the immune response by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which can positively affect the outcome in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Despite independent investigations on both LCSCs and TILs, the relationship between the two has been very marginally considered. We analyzed whether these two cell types may be related as a prerequisite for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Methods In this cross-sectional study, NSCLC human surgical specimens from 12 patients were tested by ALDEFLUOR assay to identify ALDHhigh cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analyses for CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ TILs were performed in combination with immunohistochemistry evaluation. Results Statistically positive correlations were found between ALDH+ and CD8+, and between ALDH+ and CD3+ cells populations; no correlation was found between ALDH+ and CD4+ cells. The expression of CD3+ and CD8+ by cells accounted for 40.1% and 58.7%, respectively, of the variability of ALDH+ cell expression by an R-squared index, which highlights the strong correlation between TILs and LCSCs. Immunohistochemistry revealed 6-25% positive cells. Conclusions We report a correlation between cytotoxic TILs and LCSCs, which may contribute to the future development of targeted therapies focusing on the different roles of lymphocytes against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Masciale
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Banchelli
- Center of Statistic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto D'Amico
- Center of Statistic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Pamela Sighinolfi
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Pinelli
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lovati
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stefani
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Uliano Morandi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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30
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Hope JL, Stairiker CJ, Bae EA, Otero DC, Bradley LM. Striking a Balance-Cellular and Molecular Drivers of Memory T Cell Development and Responses to Chronic Stimulation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1595. [PMID: 31379821 PMCID: PMC6650570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective adaptive immune responses are characterized by stages of development and maturation of T and B cell populations that respond to disturbances in the host homeostasis in cases of both infections and cancer. For the T cell compartment, this begins with recognition of specific peptides by naïve, antigen-inexperienced T cells that results in their activation, proliferation, and differentiation, which generates an effector population that clears the antigen. Loss of stimulation eventually returns the host to a homeostatic state, with a heterogeneous memory T cell population that persists in the absence of antigen and is primed for rapid responses to a repeat antigen exposure. However, in chronic infections and cancers, continued antigen persistence impedes a successful adaptive immune response and the formation of a stereotypical memory population of T cells is compromised. With repeated antigen stimulation, responding T cells proceed down an altered path of differentiation that allows for antigen persistence, but much less is known regarding the heterogeneity of these cells and the extent to which they can become “memory-like,” with a capacity for self-renewal and recall responses that are characteristic of bona fide memory cells. This review focuses on the differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the context of chronic antigen stimulation, highlighting the central observations in both human and mouse studies regarding the differentiation of memory or “memory-like” T cells. The importance of both the cellular and molecular drivers of memory T cell development are emphasized to better understand the consequences of persisting antigen on T cell fates. Integrating what is known and is common across model systems and patients can instruct future studies aimed at further understanding T cell differentiation and development, with the goal of developing novel methods to direct T cells toward the generation of effective memory populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hope
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christopher J Stairiker
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Eun-Ah Bae
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Dennis C Otero
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Linda M Bradley
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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31
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Hou BJ, Du Y, Gu SX, Fan J, Wang R, Deng H, Guo DX, Wang L, Wang YY. General anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia maintaining appropriate anesthesia depth may protect excessive production of inflammatory cytokines and stress hormones in colon cancer patients during and after surgery. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16610. [PMID: 31348308 PMCID: PMC6708929 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of varied anesthetic methods and depths on inflammatory cytokines and stress hormone levels in radical operation among colon cancer patients during perioperative period.A total of 120 patients were collected in the study and randomly divided into 4 groups, A: general anesthesia + Narcotrend D1, B: general anesthesia + Narcotrend D2, C: general anesthesia + epidural anesthesia + Narcotrend D1, D: general anesthesia + epidural anesthesia + Narcotrend D2. The levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, cortisol (Cor), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were measured adopting commercial kits before anesthesia (T0), 4 hours after surgery (T1), 24 hours after surgery (T2), and 72 hours after surgery (T3).There was no significant difference in basic clinical characteristics among the groups. In comparison with group A, B and C, group D showed significantly lower levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, Cor, ACTH, and ET-1 at T1 and T2 (all, P < .05). Significantly higher levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, Cor, and ACTH were detected at T1 and T2 than those at T0 (all, P < .05), whereas, at T3, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and stress hormones were all decreased near to preoperation ones.General anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia at Narcotrend D2 depth plays an important role in reducing immune and stress response in patients with colon cancer from surgery to 24 hours after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Jun Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei University of Engineering Affiliated Hospital
| | - Ying Du
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, Hebei University of Engineering School of Medicine, Handan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shu-Xin Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei University of Engineering Affiliated Hospital
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei University of Engineering Affiliated Hospital
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei University of Engineering Affiliated Hospital
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei University of Engineering Affiliated Hospital
| | - Dan-Xia Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei University of Engineering Affiliated Hospital
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei University of Engineering Affiliated Hospital
| | - Yan-Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei University of Engineering Affiliated Hospital
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32
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Liu S, Matsuzaki J, Wei L, Tsuji T, Battaglia S, Hu Q, Cortes E, Wong L, Yan L, Long M, Miliotto A, Bateman NW, Lele SB, Chodon T, Koya RC, Yao S, Zhu Q, Conrads TP, Wang J, Maxwell GL, Lugade AA, Odunsi K. Efficient identification of neoantigen-specific T-cell responses in advanced human ovarian cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:156. [PMID: 31221207 PMCID: PMC6587259 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0629-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Efficient identification of neoantigen-specific T-cell responses in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains a challenge. Existing investigations of spontaneous T-cell response to tumor neoepitope in EOC have taken the approach of comprehensive screening all neoantigen candidates, with a validation rate of 0.5–2%. Methods Whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing analysis of treatment-naive EOC patients were performed to identify neoantigen candidates, and the immunogenicity of prioritized neoantigens was evaluated by analyzing spontaneous neoantigen-specfic CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in the tumor and/or peripheral blood. The biological relevance of neoantigen-specific T-cell lines and clones were analyzed by evaluating the capacity of autologous ovarian tumor recognition. Genetic transfer of T-cell receptor (TCR) from these neoantigen-specific T-cell clones into peripheral blood T-cells was conducted to generate neoepitope-specific T-cells. The molecular signature associated with positive neoantigen T-cell responses was investigated, and the impacts of expression level and lymphocyte source on neoantigen identification were explored. Results Using a small subset of prioritized neoantigen candidates, we were able to detect spontaneous CD4+ and/or CD8+ T-cell responses against neoepitopes from autologous lymphocytes in half of treatment-naïve EOC patients, with a significantly improved validation rate of 19%. Tumors from patients exhibiting neoantigen-specific T-cell responses exhibited a signature of upregulated antigen processing and presentation machinery, which was also associated with favorable patient survival in the TCGA ovarian cohort. T-cells specific against two mutated cancer-associated genes, NUP214 and JAK1, recognized autologous tumors. Gene-engineering with TCR from these neoantigen-specific T-cell clones conferred neoantigen-reactivity to peripheral T-cells. Conclusions Our study demonstrated the feasibility of efficiently identifying both CD4+ and CD8+ neoantigen-specific T-cells in EOC. Autologous lymphocytes genetically engineered with tumor antigen-specific TCR can be used to generate cells for use in the personalized adoptive T-cell transfer immunotherapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-019-0629-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Takemasa Tsuji
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Sebastiano Battaglia
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Eduardo Cortes
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Laiping Wong
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Mark Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Anthony Miliotto
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Nicholas W Bateman
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
| | - Shashikant B Lele
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Thinle Chodon
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Richard C Koya
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Thomas P Conrads
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, VA, 22003, USA.,Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Falls Church, VA, 22003, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - George L Maxwell
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, VA, 22003, USA
| | - Amit A Lugade
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA. .,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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33
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Bashaw AA, Teoh SM, Tuong ZK, Leggatt GR, Frazer IH, Chandra J. HPV16 E7-Driven Epithelial Hyperplasia Promotes Impaired Antigen Presentation and Regulatory T-Cell Development. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:2467-2476.e3. [PMID: 31207230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses infect keratinocytes and can lead to hyperproliferative dysplasia and malignant transformation if not cleared by the immune system. Human papillomavirus has evolved an array of mechanisms to evade and manipulate the immune system to improve replication efficiency and promote persistent infection. We here demonstrate that hyperproliferative skin expressing the high-risk human papillomavirus 16 E7 oncogene as a transgene drives immunomodulation of dendritic cells (DCs), resulting in reduced capacity to take up antigen and prime effector CD4+ T cell responses. The phenotype of DCs in the E7-expressing hyperproliferative skin was not reversible by activation through intradermal immunization. Naïve CD4+ T cells primed by E7-driven hyperproliferative skin acquired FoxP3 expression and an anergic phenotype. DC and T help modulation was dependent on E7-retinoblastoma protein interaction-driven epithelial hyperproliferation, rather than on expression of E7. Inhibition of binding of E7 to retinoblastoma protein, and of consequent epithelial hyperplasia, was associated with normal skin DC phenotype, and T helper type 1 effector responses to immunization were restored. We conclude that human papillomavirus-induced epithelial hyperplasia modulates epithelial DCs and inhibits T helper type 1 immunity while polarizing T-cell differentiation to a regulatory or anergic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abate Assefa Bashaw
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Siok M Teoh
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zewen K Tuong
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Graham R Leggatt
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian H Frazer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Janin Chandra
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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Kuznetsova M, Lopatnikova J, Shevchenko J, Silkov A, Maksyutov A, Sennikov S. Cytotoxic Activity and Memory T Cell Subset Distribution of in vitro-Stimulated CD8 + T Cells Specific for HER2/neu Epitopes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1017. [PMID: 31143180 PMCID: PMC6520647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimal residual disease remaining after resection of primary tumors can lead to tumor recurrence and metastasis, increasing mortality and morbidity rates among cancer patients. Thus, there is a need for new technologies for recognition and elimination of single cancer cells remaining in a patient's body after radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or surgical resection. Effector CD8+ T cells, also commonly known as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), play a key role in antitumor cellular immunity and, when properly activated, are able to effectively destroy tumor cells. The aims of this study were to obtain CD8+ CTLs specific for the HER2/neu epitopes E75 and E88 and to assess the cytotoxic activity and composition of these cells in terms of the distribution of memory T-cell subsets. We obtained HER2-specific CD8+ T cells and assessed T cell subset distribution among them including naive T cells (TN), central memory T cells (TCM), effector memory T cells (TEM), stem cell-like memory T cells (TSCM) and terminally-differentiated T cells (TEMRA) via eight-color flow cytometry. HER2-specific CTLs were largely (~40–50%) represented by TSCM cells, a population capable of mounting pronounced antitumor immune responses due to a combination of effector function and self-maintenance. In comparison with activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and bulk CD8+ T cells, HER2-specific CTLs exhibited greater cytotoxicity against the HER2-expressing human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 and produced higher levels of IFN-γ in response to tumor cells. We also showed the presence of HER2-specific CTLs in healthy individuals and increase in them in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Collectively, our results suggest that HER2-specific CD8+ T cells isolated using this approach could be used for adoptive T-cell transfer to eliminate tumor cells and prevent metastasis and relapse in patients with HER2-overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Julia Lopatnikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Julia Shevchenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Silkov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Amir Maksyutov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia.,State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Sennikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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35
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Ren WB, Xia XJ, Huang J, Guo WF, Che YY, Huang TH, Lei LC. Interferon-γ regulates cell malignant growth via the c-Abl/HDAC2 signaling pathway in mammary epithelial cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2019; 20:39-48. [PMID: 30614229 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1800211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) has been used to control cancers in clinical treatment. However, an increasing number of reports have suggested that in some cases effectiveness declines after a long treatment period, the reason being unclear. We have reported previously that long-term IFN-γ treatment induces malignant transformation of healthy lactating bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) in vitro. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the malignant proliferation of BMECs under IFN-γ treatment. The primary BMECs used in this study were stimulated by IFN-γ (10 ng/mL) for a long term to promote malignancy. We observed that IFN-γ could promote malignant cell proliferation, increase the expression of cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), decrease the expression of p21, and upregulate the expression of cellular-abelsongene (c-Abl) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2). The HDAC2 inhibitor, valproate (VPA) and the c-Abl inhibitor, imatinib, lowered the expression level of cyclin D1/CDK4, and increased the expression level of p21, leading to an inhibitory effect on IFN-γ-induced malignant cell growth. When c-Abl was downregulated, the HDAC2 level was also decreased by promoted proteasome degradation. These data suggest that IFN-γ promotes the growth of malignant BMECs through the c-Abl/HDAC2 signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that long-term application of IFN-γ may be closely associated with the promotion of cell growth and even the carcinogenesis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.,The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Xia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453099, China
| | - Jing Huang
- The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wen-Fei Guo
- The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yan-Yi Che
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ting-Hao Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lian-Cheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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36
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Singel KL, Emmons TR, Khan ANMNH, Mayor PC, Shen S, Wong JT, Morrell K, Eng KH, Mark J, Bankert RB, Matsuzaki J, Koya RC, Blom AM, McLeish KR, Qu J, Ram S, Moysich KB, Abrams SI, Odunsi K, Zsiros E, Segal BH. Mature neutrophils suppress T cell immunity in ovarian cancer microenvironment. JCI Insight 2019; 4:122311. [PMID: 30730851 PMCID: PMC6483507 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) often presents with metastases and ascites. Granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells are an immature population that impairs antitumor immunity. Since suppressive granulocytes in the ascites of patients with newly diagnosed EOC were morphologically mature, we hypothesized that PMN were rendered suppressive in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Circulating PMN from patients were not suppressive but acquired a suppressor phenotype (defined as ≥1 log10 reduction of anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated T cell proliferation) after ascites supernatant exposure. Ascites supernatants (20 of 31 supernatants) recapitulated the suppressor phenotype in PMN from healthy donors. T cell proliferation was restored with ascites removal and restimulation. PMN suppressors also inhibited T cell activation and cytokine production. PMN suppressors completely suppressed proliferation in naive, central memory, and effector memory T cells and in engineered tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, while antigen-specific cell lysis was unaffected. Inhibition of complement C3 activation and PMN effector functions, including CR3 signaling, protein synthesis, and vesicular trafficking, abrogated the PMN suppressor phenotype. Moreover, malignant effusions from patients with various metastatic cancers also induced the C3-dependent PMN suppressor phenotype. These results point to PMN impairing T cell expansion and activation in the TME and the potential for complement inhibition to abrogate this barrier to antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul C. Mayor
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shichen Shen
- New York State Center of Excellence Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Kayla Morrell
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kevin H. Eng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jaron Mark
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Richard B. Bankert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Richard C. Koya
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Anna M. Blom
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kenneth R. McLeish
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jun Qu
- New York State Center of Excellence Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sanjay Ram
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kirsten B. Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Emese Zsiros
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Brahm H. Segal
- Department of Immunology
- Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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37
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Overcoming immune suppression with epigenetic modification in ovarian cancer. Transl Res 2019; 204:31-38. [PMID: 30048638 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The impressive successes of immunotherapy have yet to be reliably translated to treatment of ovarian cancer, which may be a consequence of the unique barriers to T cell migration and tumor engagement in the peritoneal cavity and omentum. Epigenetic alterations contribute to establishment of these barriers and other mechanisms of immune subversion; therefore, epigenetic modifying agents represent an opportunity to mount effective antitumor immune responses by disrupting this finely tuned tumor epigenetic framework. Here, we discuss how epigenetic modifiers might permit and stimulate de novo antitumor immune responses in ovarian cancer, focusing largely on 2 common classes, DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors. Specifically, increasing T and NK cell trafficking to the tumor microenvironment as well as induction of altered tumor cell phenotypes that promote immune engagement and cytotoxicity may provide a platform upon which to elaborate existing immunotherapeutic strategies. Indeed, promising combination of epigenetic modifying agents with checkpoint blockade antibodies or cellular therapies in preclinical models has led to a burgeoning number of clinical trials. Therefore, rather than implementation as a monotherapy, epigenetic modifiers may well be best suited as adjuvants in combinatorial strategies, potentiating antitumor immune responses and unleashing the promise of immunotherapy in ovarian cancer.
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38
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Camilio KA, Wang MY, Mauseth B, Waagene S, Kvalheim G, Rekdal Ø, Sveinbjørnsson B, Mælandsmo GM. Combining the oncolytic peptide LTX-315 with doxorubicin demonstrates therapeutic potential in a triple-negative breast cancer model. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:9. [PMID: 30670061 PMCID: PMC6343247 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunochemotherapy, the combined use of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, has demonstrated great promise in several cancers. LTX-315 is an oncolytic peptide with potent immunomodulatory properties designed for the local treatment of solid tumors. By inducing rapid immunogenic cell death through the release of danger-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), LTX-315 is capable of reshaping the tumor microenvironment, turning “cold” tumors “hot” through a significant increase in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Methods We investigated the potential of LTX-315 to be used in combination with standard-of-care chemotherapy (doxorubicin, brand name CAELYX®) against triple-negative breast cancer in an orthotopic 4 T1 mammary fat pad model. Tumor growth curves were compared using one-way ANOVA analysis of variance and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test, and animal survival curves were compared using the log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. We considered p values ≤0.05 to indicate statistical significance. Results We found that LTX-315 displayed a strong additive antitumoral effect when used in combination with CAELYX®, and induced immune-mediated changes in the tumor microenvironment, followed by complete regression in the majority of animals treated. Furthermore, imaging techniques and histological examination showed that the combination induced strong local necrosis, followed by an increase in the infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ immune cells into the tumor parenchymal tissue. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that LTX-315 is a promising combination partner with CAELYX® for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketil A Camilio
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0379, Oslo, Norway. .,Lytix Biopharma AS, Hoffsveien 4, NO-0275, Oslo, Norway. .,Oslo Cancer Cluster Incubator, Ullernchausseen 64/66, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Meng-Yu Wang
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brynjar Mauseth
- Lytix Biopharma AS, Hoffsveien 4, NO-0275, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Cancer, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, NO-0372, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, NO-0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein Waagene
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Kvalheim
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Rekdal
- Lytix Biopharma AS, Hoffsveien 4, NO-0275, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Baldur Sveinbjørnsson
- Lytix Biopharma AS, Hoffsveien 4, NO-0275, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gunhild M Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0379, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromsø, Norway
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39
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Kyte JA, Fåne A, Pule M, Gaudernack G. Transient redirection of T cells for adoptive cell therapy with telomerase-specific T helper cell receptors isolated from long term survivors after cancer vaccination. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1565236. [PMID: 30906659 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1565236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with retargeted T cells has produced remarkable clinical responses against cancer, but also serious toxicity. Telomerase is overexpressed in most cancers, but also expressed in some normal cells, raising safety concerns. We hypothesize that ACT with T-helper cell receptors may overcome tumour tolerance, mobilize host immune cells and induce epitope spreading, with limited toxicity. From long term survivors after cancer vaccination, we have isolated telomerase-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) from T-helper cells. Herein, we report the development of transient retargeting of T cells with mRNA-based TCRs. This strategy allows for safer clinical testing and meaningful dose escalation. DP4 is the most common HLA molecule. We cloned two telomerase-specific, DP4-restricted TCRs into the mRNA expression vector pCIpA102, together with the sorter/marker/suicide gene RQR8. Donor T cells were electroporated with mRNA encoding TCR_RQR8. The results showed that both TCR_RQR8 constructs were expressed in >90% of T cells. The transfected T cells specifically recognized the relevant peptide, as well as naturally processed epitopes from a 177aa telomerase protein fragment, and remained functional for six days. A polyfunctional and Th1-like cytokine profile was observed. The TCRs were functional in both CD4+and CD8+recipient T cells, even though DP4-restricted. The findings demonstrate that the cloned TCRs confer recipient T cells with the desired telomerase-specificity and functionality. Preclinical experiments may provide limited information on the efficacy and toxicity of T-helper TCRs, as these mobilize the host immune system. We therefore intend to use the mRNA-based TCRs for a first-in-man trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Amund Kyte
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Section for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Fåne
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Pule
- Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gustav Gaudernack
- Section for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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40
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Matsuzaki J, Tsuji T, Chodon T, Ryan C, Koya RC, Odunsi K. A rare population of tumor antigen-specific CD4 +CD8 + double-positive αβ T lymphocytes uniquely provide CD8-independent TCR genes for engineering therapeutic T cells. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:7. [PMID: 30626427 PMCID: PMC6325755 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-affinity tumor antigen-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) gene is required to engineer potent T cells for therapeutic treatment of cancer patients. However, discovery of suitable therapeutic TCR genes is hampered by the fact that naturally occurring tumor antigen-specific TCRs are generally of low-affinity, and artificial modification of TCRs can mediate cross-reactivity to other antigens expressed in normal tissues. Here, we discovered a naturally occurring T-cell clone which expressed high-affinity HLA-A*02:01 (A*02)-restricted TCR against NY-ESO-1 from a patient who had NY-ESO-1-expressing ovarian tumor. Methods A*02-restricted NY-ESO-1-specific T-cell clones were established from peripheral blood of patients who had NY-ESO-1-expressing ovarian tumors. TCR α and β chain genes were retrovirally transduced into polyclonally activated T cells. Phenotype and function of the parental and TCR-transduced T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, ELISA and cytotoxicity assay. In vivo therapeutic efficacy was investigated in a xenograft model using NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγ-deficient (NSG) mice. Results A rare population of NY-ESO-1-specific T cells, which we named 19305DP, expressed cell surface CD4, CD8α, and CD8β but not CD56 and recognized A*02+NY-ESO-1+ cancer cell lines in a CD4- and CD8-independent manner. 19305DP showed a gene expression profile that is consistent with a mixed profile of CD4+ and CD8+ single-positive T cells. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that were retrovirally transduced with 19305DP-derived TCR gene (19305DP-TCR) showed strong reactivity against A*02+NY-ESO-1+ cancer cells, whereas TCR genes from the conventional A*02-restricted NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ single-positive T-cell clones functioned only in CD8+ T cells. Both 19305DP-TCR gene-engineered CD4+ and CD8+ T cells eliminated A*02+NY-ESO-1+ tumor xenografts in NSG mice. Finally, based on reactivity against a series of alanine-substituted peptides and a panel of normal human tissue-derived primary cells, 19305DP-TCR was predicted to have no cross-reactivity against any human non-NY-ESO-1 proteins. Conclusion Together, our results indicate that the naturally occurring 19305DP-TCR derived from CD4+CD8+ double-positive αβ T cells, is a promising therapeutic TCR gene for effective and safe adoptive T-cell therapy in A*02+ patients with NY-ESO-1-expressing tumor. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-018-0467-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Matsuzaki
- Center for Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, USA
| | - Takemasa Tsuji
- Center for Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, USA.
| | - Thinle Chodon
- Center for Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, USA
| | - Courtney Ryan
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, USA
| | - Richard C Koya
- Center for Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Center for Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, USA. .,Center for Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, USA.
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41
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Poncette L, Chen X, Lorenz FK, Blankenstein T. Effective NY-ESO-1-specific MHC II-restricted T cell receptors from antigen-negative hosts enhance tumor regression. J Clin Invest 2018; 129:324-335. [PMID: 30530988 DOI: 10.1172/jci120391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of T cell receptor-engineered (TCR-engineered) T cells is a promising approach in cancer therapy but needs improvement for more effective treatment of solid tumors. While most clinical approaches have focused on CD8+ T cells, the importance of CD4+ T cells in mediating tumor regression has become apparent. Regarding shared (self) tumor antigens, it is unclear whether the human CD4+ T cell repertoire has been shaped by tolerance mechanisms and lacks highly functional TCRs suitable for therapy. Here, TCRs against the tumor-associated antigen NY-ESO-1 were isolated either from human CD4+ T cells or from mice that express a diverse human TCR repertoire with HLA-DRA/DRB1*0401 restriction and are NY-ESO-1 negative. NY-ESO-1-reactive TCRs from the mice showed superior recognition of tumor cells and higher functional activity compared with TCRs from humans. We identified a candidate TCR, TCR-3598_2, which was expressed in CD4+ T cells and caused tumor regression in combination with NY-ESO-1-redirected CD8+ T cells in a mouse model of adoptive T cell therapy. These data suggest that MHC II-restricted TCRs against NY-ESO-1 from a nontolerant nonhuman host are of optimal affinity and that the combined use of MHC I- and II-restricted TCRs against NY-ESO-1 can make adoptive T cell therapy more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Poncette
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Institute of Immunology, Charité Campus Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Blankenstein
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Charité Campus Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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42
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Shen X, Li Q, Wang F, Bao J, Dai M, Zheng H, Lao X. Generation of a novel long-acting thymosin alpha1-Fc fusion protein and its efficacy for the inhibition of breast cancer in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:610-617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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43
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Liu XF, Zhou LY, Wei ZH, Liu JX, Li A, Wang XZ, Ying HQ. The diagnostic role of circulating inflammation-based biomarker in gallbladder carcinoma. Biomark Med 2018; 12:1095-1103. [PMID: 30191731 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the diagnostic roles of circulating inflammatory biomarkers in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC). PATIENTS & METHODS Circulating inflammatory cell count, fibrinogen, albumin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA199 were measured, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), dNLR, PLR, LMR and Alb-to-fib (AFR) were calculated in 306 GBC patients, 306 healthy and 305 benign controls. The reciever operating characteristic curve was used to determine diagnostic accuracy of them. RESULTS The area under curves of combined AFR, dNLR and lymphocyte were 0.943 and 0.985 for diagnosis of GBC from healthy and polyp controls, area under curve of combined AFR, CEA and CA199 was 0.90 for diagnosis of GBC from the cholecystitis patients. CONCLUSION Circulating AFR combined with lymphocyte and dNLR or CEA and CA199 could effectively distinguish GBC from the healthy and benign controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Fen Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, the second affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China.,Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Lin-Ying Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, the second affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China.,Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Zi-Hao Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, the second affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China.,Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Jia-Xin Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, the second affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China.,Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, the second affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China.,Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, the second affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Hou-Qun Ying
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, the second affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, PR China
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44
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Wang F, Xu C, Peng R, Li B, Shen X, Zheng H, Lao X. Effect of a C-end rule modification on antitumor activity of thymosin α1. Biochimie 2018; 154:99-106. [PMID: 30096371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thymosin α1 (Tα1), a hormone containing 28 amino acids, has been approved in several cancer therapies, but the lack of tumor-targeting hinders its full use in tumor treatment. We designed a new peptide by connecting Tα1 and RGDR, generating a product, Tα1-RGDR, where RGDR is located in the C-end with both tumor-homing and cell internalizing properties (C-end rule peptides, a consensus R/KXXR/K motif). This work aimed to study the antitumor and immunological activities of Tα1-RGDR, and its differences compared with the wild-type Tα1. The antitumor and immunological activities of Tα1-RGDR were measured using the B16F10 tumor and immunologic suppression models. Tα1-RGDR treatment led to significant inhibition of tumor growth at a dose at which Tα1 showed a slight effect in the B16F10 tumor growth model. In the immunologic suppression model, Tα1-RGDR shared almost equivalent immunomodulatory effect with Tα1. These results demonstrated the better therapeutic effects after treatment with Tα1-RGDR compared with Tα1. Moreover, both Tα1-RGDR and Tα1 shared a helical conformation in the presence of trifluoroethanol based on CD spectroscopy. Our dock information of Tα1-RGDR when combined with integrin αvβ3 or neuropilin-1 further confirmed previous experimental results. All these findings suggest that Tα1-RGDR might be a useful therapy for tumors by overcoming its wild type limitation of tumor homing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanwen Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Caoying Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Renhao Peng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xutong Shen
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Heng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xingzhen Lao
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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45
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Tran T, Blanc C, Granier C, Saldmann A, Tanchot C, Tartour E. Therapeutic cancer vaccine: building the future from lessons of the past. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 41:69-85. [PMID: 29978248 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0691-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anti-cancer vaccines have raised many hopes from the start of immunotherapy but have not yet been clinically successful. The few positive results of anti-cancer vaccines have been observed in clinical situations of low tumor burden or preneoplastic lesions. Several new concepts and new results reposition this therapeutic approach in the field of immunotherapy. Indeed, cancers that respond to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 (20-30%) are those that are infiltrated by anti-tumor T cells with an inflammatory infiltrate. However, 70% of cancers do not appear to have an anti-tumor immune reaction in the tumor microenvironment. To induce this anti-tumor immunity, therapeutic combinations between vaccines and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 are being evaluated. In addition, the identification of neoepitopes against which the immune system is less tolerated is giving rise to a new enthusiasm by the first clinical results of the vaccine including these neoepitopes in humans. The ability of anti-cancer vaccines to induce a population of anti-tumor T cells called memory resident T cells that play an important role in immunosurveillance is also a new criterion to consider in the design of therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tran
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - C Blanc
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - C Granier
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - A Saldmann
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - C Tanchot
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France.
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Laboratory of Immunology, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
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46
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Ahrends T, Borst J. The opposing roles of CD4 + T cells in anti-tumour immunity. Immunology 2018; 154:582-592. [PMID: 29700809 PMCID: PMC6050207 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy focuses mainly on anti-tumour activity of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). CTLs can directly kill all tumour cell types, provided they carry recognizable antigens. However, CD4+ T cells also play important roles in anti-tumour immunity. CD4+ T cells can either suppress or promote the anti-tumour CTL response, either in secondary lymphoid organs or in the tumour. In this review, we highlight opposing mechanisms of conventional and regulatory T cells at both sites. We outline how current cancer immunotherapy strategies affect both subsets and how selective modulation of each subset is important to maximize the clinical response of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Ahrends
- Division of Tumour Biology and ImmunologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jannie Borst
- Division of Tumour Biology and ImmunologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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47
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Tsuji T, Yoneda A, Matsuzaki J, Miliotto A, Ryan C, Koya RC, Odunsi K. Rapid Construction of Antitumor T-cell Receptor Vectors from Frozen Tumors for Engineered T-cell Therapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:594-604. [PMID: 29588318 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
T cells genetically engineered with tumor antigen-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) genes have demonstrated therapeutic potential in patients with solid tumors. In order to achieve broader application, an efficient method to identify TCR genes for an array of tumor antigens and HLA restriction elements is required. Here, we have developed a method to construct a TCR-expression library from specimens, including frozen tumor biopsies, that contain antigen-specific T cells. TCR-expressing cassettes were constructed and cloned in a retroviral plasmid vector within 24 hours by unbiased PCR amplification of TCR α and β chain variable regions assembled with TCR constant regions. The method was validated by constructing TCR-expressing vectors from tumor antigen-specific T-cell clones and functionally assessing TCR gene-transduced T cells. We applied this method to frozen ovarian tumor specimens that were infiltrated by tumor antigen-specific T cells. The tumor-derived TCR libraries were expressed in peripheral T cells from healthy volunteers and screened for tumor antigen-specific TCR pairs with the use of an MHC/peptide tetramer reagent. Tumor antigen-specific TCR-expressing transgenes were recovered from isolated tetramer-positive T cells. Peripheral T cells that were engineered with library-derived TCR gene showed potent therapeutic antitumor effect in a tumor xenograft model. Our method can efficiently and rapidly provide tumor-specific TCR-expressing viral vectors for the manufacture of therapeutic and personalized antitumor T-cell products. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(5); 594-604. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takemasa Tsuji
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Akira Yoneda
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Anthony Miliotto
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Courtney Ryan
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Richard C Koya
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York. .,Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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48
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de Wolf C, van de Bovenkamp M, Hoefnagel M. Regulatory perspective on in vitro potency assays for human T cells used in anti-tumor immunotherapy. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:601-622. [PMID: 29598903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive immune system is known to play an important role in anti-neoplastic responses via induction of several effector pathways, resulting in tumor cell death. Because of their ability to specifically recognize and kill tumor cells, the potential use of autologous tumor-derived and genetically engineered T cells as adoptive immunotherapy for cancer is currently being explored. Because of the variety of potential T cell-based medicinal products at the level of starting material and manufacturing process, product-specific functionality assays are needed to ensure quality for individual products. In this review, we provide an overview of in vitro potency assays suggested for characterization and release of different T cell-based anti-tumor products. We discuss functional assays, as presented in scientific advices and literature, highlighting specific advantages and limitations of the various assays. Because the anticipated in vivo mechanism of action for anti-tumor T cells involves tumor recognition and cell death, in vitro potency assays based on the cytotoxic potential of antigen-specific T cells are most evident. However, assays based on other T cell properties may be appropriate as surrogates for cytotoxicity. For all proposed assays, biological relevance of the tests and correlation of the read-outs with in vivo functionality need to be substantiated with sufficient product-specific (non-)clinical data. Moreover, further unraveling the complex interaction of immune cells with and within the tumor environment is expected to lead to further improvement of the T cell-based products. Consequently, increased knowledge will allow further optimized guidance for potency assay development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte de Wolf
- Medicines Evaluation Board (CBG-MEB), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Harnessing the power of the human immune system to treat cancer is the essence of immunotherapy. Monoclonal antibodies engage the innate immune system to destroy targeted cells. For the last 30years, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity have been the main mechanisms of anti-tumor action of unconjugated antibody drugs. Efforts to exploit the potentials of other immune cells, in particular T cells, culminated in the recent approval of two T cell engaging bispecific antibody (T-BsAb) drugs, thereby stimulating new efforts to accelerate similar platforms through preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we have compiled the worldwide effort in exploring T cell engaging bispecific antibodies. Our special emphasis is on the lessons learned, with the hope to derive insights in this fast evolving field with tremendous clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - N V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States.
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50
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Liu JX, Li A, Zhou LY, Liu XF, Wei ZH, Wang XZ, Ying HQ. Significance of combined preoperative serum Alb and dNLR for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Future Oncol 2018; 14:229-239. [PMID: 29338337 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate diagnostic value of preoperative inflammatory biomarkers in pancreatic cancer (PCC). MATERIALS & METHODS Preoperative circulating Alb/Fib ratio, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived NLR (dNLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio were detected and calculated in 226 PCC individuals, 232 healthy controls and 142 additional cancer controls. Receiver-operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of PCC. RESULTS Combined circulating dNLR and Alb could effectively improve the diagnosis of PCC (AUC = 0.931), single dNLR could distinguish early-stage PCC and the disease from healthy controls (AUC = 0.895) and additional cancer controls (AUC = 0.794). CONCLUSION Circulating dNLR was an effective biomarker for diagnosis and identification of early-stage PCC. Combined dNLR and Alb could improve the diagnostic efficacy of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ang Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lin-Ying Zhou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xi-Fen Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zi-Hao Wei
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hou-Qun Ying
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
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