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Manikanta K, Paul M, Sandesha VD, Mahalingam SS, Ramesh TN, Harishkumar K, Koundinya SS, Naveen S, Kemparaju K, Girish KS. Oxidative Stress-Induced Platelet Apoptosis/Activation: Alleviation by Purified Curcumin via ASK1-JNK/p-38 Pathway. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:417-430. [PMID: 38648762 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Platelets are known for their indispensable role in hemostasis and thrombosis. However, alteration in platelet function due to oxidative stress is known to mediate various health complications, including cardiovascular diseases and other health complications. To date, several synthetic molecules have displayed antiplatelet activity; however, their uses are associated with bleeding and other adverse effects. The commercially available curcumin is generally a mixture of three curcuminoids: curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Although crude curcumin is known to inhibit platelet aggregation, the effect of purified curcumin on platelet apoptosis, activation, and aggregation remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, curcumin was purified from a crude curcumin mixture and the effects of this preparation on the oxidative stress-induced platelet apoptosis and activation was evaluated. 2,2'-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) compound was used as an inducer of oxidative stress. Purified curcumin restored AAPH-induced platelet apoptotic markers like reactive oxygen species, intracellular calcium level, mitochondrial membrane potential, cardiolipin peroxidation, cytochrome c release from mitochondria to the cytosol, and phosphatidyl serine externalization. Further, it inhibited the agonist-induced platelet activation and aggregation, demonstrating its antiplatelet activity. Western blot analysis confirms protective effect of the purified curcumin against oxidative stress-induced platelet apoptosis and activation via downregulation of MAPKs protein activation, including ASK1, JNK, and p-38. Together, these results suggest that the purified curcumin could be a potential therapeutic bioactive molecule to treat the oxidative stress-induced platelet activation, apoptosis, and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurnegala Manikanta
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, 570006, India
| | - Manoj Paul
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, 570006, India
| | | | - Shanmuga S Mahalingam
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Thimmasandra Narayan Ramesh
- Department of Studies and Research in Chemistry, University College of Science, Tumkur University, Tumakuru, 572103, India
| | | | - Shashank S Koundinya
- All India Institute of Medical Science, Sri Aurobindo Marg, Ansari Nagar, East, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Shivanna Naveen
- Applied Nutrition Discipline, Defense Food Research Laboratory, Mysuru, 570011, India
| | - Kempaiah Kemparaju
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, 570006, India.
| | - Kesturu S Girish
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Tumkur University, Tumakuru, 572103, India.
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Wu S, Zhou Q, Cai Y, Duan X. Development and validation of a prediction model for the early occurrence of acute kidney injury in patients with acute pancreatitis. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2194436. [PMID: 36999227 PMCID: PMC10071964 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2194436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is associated with a high incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI). This study aimed to develop a nomogram for predicting the early onset of AKI in AP patients admitted to the intensive care unit. METHOD Clinical data for 799 patients diagnosed with AP were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database. Eligible AP patients were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts. The independent prognostic factors for the early development of AKI in AP patients were determined using the all-subsets regression method and multivariate logistic regression. A nomogram was constructed for predicting the early occurrence of AKI in AP patients. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS Seven independent prognostic factors were identified as predictive factors for early onset AKI in AP patients. The AUC of the nomogram in the training and validation cohorts were 0.795 (95% CI, 0.758-0.832) and 0.772 (95% CI, 0.711-0.832), respectively. The AUC of the nomogram was higher compared with that of the BISAP, Ranson, APACHE II scores. Further, the calibration curve revealed that the predicted outcome was in agreement with the actual observations. Finally, the DCA curves showed that the nomogram had a good clinical applicability value. CONCLUSION The constructed nomogram showed a good predictive ability for the early occurrence of AKI in AP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Intensive care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Changde, Changde, P.R. China
| | - Yang Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Changde, Changde, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjie Duan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Changde, Changde, P.R. China
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Liao P, Wang X, Dong H, Chai D, Yue Z, Lyu L. HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA AGGRAVATES RENAL ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION INJURY BY EXACERBATING PINK1-PARKIN-MEDIATED MITOPHAGY. Shock 2023; 60:262-271. [PMID: 37278995 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Hyperbilirubinemia is a common perioperative complication, which is associated with acute kidney injury. Bilirubin permeabilizes mitochondrial membranes leading to mitochondrial swelling and dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to determine the association between PINK1-PARKIN-mediated mitophagy and renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury aggravated by hyperbilirubinemia. Methods: A C57BL/6 mouse hyperbilirubinemia model was induced via intraperitoneal injection of bilirubin solution. In addition, a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury model of TCMK-1 cells was established. In these models, we determined the effects of hyperbilirubinemia on oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, and fibrosis. Results:In vitro , colocalization of GFP-LC3 puncta and Mito-Tracker Red showed that the number of mitophagosomes increased in TCMK-1 cells under H/R and bilirubin condition. Silencing of PINK1 or inhibition of autophagy alleviated mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in H/R injury aggravated by bilirubin and decreased cell death detected by methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium. In vivo , hyperbilirubinemia increased serum creatinine level in the renal IR injury mice model. Hyperbilirubinemia enhanced apoptosis induced by renal IR. In addition, hyperbilirubinemia increased mitophagosomes and autophagosomes and disrupted mitochondrial cristae in the IR kidney. Inhibition of PINK1 or autophagy reduced histological damages by alleviating apoptosis in renal IR injury, aggravated by hyperbilirubinemia. 3-MA or PINK1-shRNA-AAV9 treatment decreased the area of collagen and proteins related to fibrosis in renal IR injury, aggravated by hyperbilirubinemia. Conclusions: We have demonstrated that hyperbilirubinemia aggravated oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, and fibrosis in renal IR injury by exacerbating PINK1-PARKIN-mediated mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Liao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - He Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Dongyue Chai
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Ziqi Yue
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
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Khamis T, Diab AAAA, Zahra MH, El-Dahmy SE, Abd Al-Hameed BA, Abdelkhalek A, Said MA, Abdellatif H, Fericean LM, Banatean-Dunea I, Arisha AH, Attia MS. The Antiproliferative Activity of Adiantum pedatum Extract and/or Piceatannol in Phenylhydrazine-Induced Colon Cancer in Male Albino Rats: The miR-145 Expression of the PI-3K/ Akt/ p53 and Oct4/ Sox2/ Nanog Pathways. Molecules 2023; 28:5543. [PMID: 37513415 PMCID: PMC10383735 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, and its incidence is increasing. Despite advances in medical science, the treatment of colon cancer still poses a significant challenge. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of Adiantum pedatum (AP) extract and/or piceatannol on colon cancer induced via phenylhydrazine (PHZ) in terms of the antioxidant and apoptotic pathways and histopathologic changes in the colons of male albino rats. The rats were randomly divided into eight groups: control, AP extract, piceatannol (P), PHZ, PHZ and AP treatments, PHZ and P treatments, PHZ and both AP and P, and PHZ and prophylaxis with both AP and P. The results demonstrated that PHZ induced oxidative damage, apoptosis, and histopathological changes compared to the control group. However, the administration of AP or P or AP + P as therapy or prophylaxis significantly ameliorated these changes and upregulated the colonic mir-145 and mRNA expression of P53 and PDCD-4 while downregulating the colonic mRNA expression of PI3K, AKT, c-Myc, CK-20, SOX-2, OCT-4, and NanoG compared to the PHZ group. These findings suggest that the candidate drugs may exert their anti-cancer effects through multiple mechanisms, including antioxidant and apoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Khamis
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Mansour H Zahra
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Samih Ebrahim El-Dahmy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Adel Abdelkhalek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Said
- Zagazig University Hospital, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Hussein Abdellatif
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Liana Mihaela Fericean
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences, King Mihai I" from Timisoara [ULST], Aradului St. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Banatean-Dunea
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences, King Mihai I" from Timisoara [ULST], Aradului St. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ahmed Hamed Arisha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City 11829, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mai S Attia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Shahrokhi SZ, Tehrani FSK, Salami S. Molecular mechanisms of bilirubin induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines: involvement of the intrinsic pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10421-10429. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Deveshegowda SN, Metri PK, Shivakumar R, Yang JR, Rangappa S, Swamynayaka A, Shanmugam MK, Nagaraja O, Madegowda M, Babu Shubha P, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Pandey V, Ahn KS, Lobie PE, Basappa B. Development of 1-(4-(Substituted)piperazin-1-yl)-2-((2-((4-methoxybenzyl)thio)pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)ethanones That Target Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Human Breast Cancer Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092848. [PMID: 35566199 PMCID: PMC9100275 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A number of uracil amides cleave poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and therefore novel thiouracil amide compounds were synthesized and screened for the loss of cell viability in a human-estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer cell line. The synthesized compounds exhibited moderate to significant efficacy against human breast cancer cells, where the compound 5e IC50 value was found to be 18 μM. Thouracil amide compounds 5a and 5e inhibited the catalytical activity of PARP1, enhanced cleavage of PARP1, enhanced phosphorylation of H2AX, and increased CASPASE 3/7 activity. Finally, in silico analysis demonstrated that compound 5e interacted with PARP1. Hence, specific thiouracil amides may serve as new drug-seeds for the development of PARP inhibitors for use in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresha N. Deveshegowda
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (S.N.D.); (P.K.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Prashant K. Metri
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (S.N.D.); (P.K.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Rashmi Shivakumar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (S.N.D.); (P.K.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Ji-Rui Yang
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.-R.Y.); (V.P.)
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, BG Nagara, Nagamangala Taluk, Mandya 571448, India;
| | - Ananda Swamynayaka
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (A.S.); (O.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Muthu K. Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
| | - Omantheswara Nagaraja
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (A.S.); (O.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Mahendra Madegowda
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (A.S.); (O.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Priya Babu Shubha
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India;
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.C.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.C.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.-R.Y.); (V.P.)
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Peter E. Lobie
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.-R.Y.); (V.P.)
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (P.E.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (S.N.D.); (P.K.M.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.E.L.); (B.B.)
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Xu H, Wei Y, Zheng L, Zhang H, Luo T, Li H, Ma J, Chen J. Relation Between Unconjugated Bilirubin and Peripheral Biomarkers of Inflammation Derived From Complete Blood Counts in Patients With Acute Stage of Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:843985. [PMID: 35463529 PMCID: PMC9022903 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.843985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and oxidative stress are the major leading hypothetical causes of schizophrenia. Unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) is an efficient endogenous plasma antioxidant. Inflammation is closely linked to oxidative stress. The relationship between UCB and inflammatory markers should be paid close attention in schizophrenia acute stage. In this paper, combined UCB and inflammatory markers were evaluated for their capability in predicting schizophrenia in the acute stage to find an easy and effective indicator to identify acute schizophrenia. METHODS A total of 6,937 acute schizophrenia patients and 6,404 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. UCB and peripheral biomarkers of inflammation derived from complete blood counts (CBC) were investigated in the subjects with acute schizophrenia, and the results were compared with HCs. Simultaneously, Spearman test was employed to assess the correlation between the variables, while logistic regression was adopted to determine the combined equation and receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the combined value of UCB and peripheral biomarkers of inflammation derived from CBC to predict schizophrenia in the acute stage. RESULTS The study indicates that white blood cells, neutrophil, monocyte, mean platelet volume (MPV), red cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) have significantly increased in schizophrenia (p < 0.05 for all), while platelet, lymphocyte, and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in schizophrenia have significantly decreased (p < 0.05 for all). UCB exhibits negative correlation with MPV significantly (r = 0.121, p < 0.001), and no correlation with neutrophil and monocyte. The correlations between UCB and other peripheral biomarkers of inflammation derived from CBC are very weak. MPV, RDW, NLR, MLR, PLR, and UCB were taken as independent variables for a logistic regression analysis. The model was as follows: Logit ( P 1 ) = - 6 . 141 + 0 . 827 MPV + 5 . 613 MLR - 0 . 005 PLR - 0 . 346 UBC . The combination demonstrates better effectiveness in predicting schizophrenia in the acute stage (AUC 0.831, 95% CI 0.825 to 0.837). CONCLUSION UCB has a protective effect on acute stage of schizophrenia, which is weak and indirect by affecting the proinflammatory processes. Our findings suggest that a combination of MLR, MPV, PLR, and UBC could be used to predict acute stage of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiting Xu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Wei
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Zheng
- Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Tangren Luo
- The Third Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbao Ma
- Capital Medical University Beijing TongRen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxu Chen
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
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Gao Y, Li D, Dong H, Guo Y, Peng Y, Liu Y, Su P. Risk factors analysis of hyperbilirubinemia after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a retrospective observational study. J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 16:294. [PMID: 34629102 PMCID: PMC8503987 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-021-01678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperbilirubinemia is a common complication after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB), but the incidence and the risk factors are unclear. This study aimed to analyze the incidence and risk factors of postoperative hyperbilirubinemia in patients undergoing OPCAB. Methods From December 2016 to March 2019, a total of 416 consecutive patients undergoing OPCAB were enrolled in this single-center retrospective study. Patients were divided into the normal serum total bilirubin group and the hyperbilirubinemia group based on the serum total bilirubin levels. Perioperative variables between the two groups were compared by univariate logistic regression analysis. Then, multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors of developing hyperbilirubinemia in patients underwent OPCAB. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results Thirty two of 416 (7.7%) patients developed postoperative hyperbilirubinemia. Univariate regression analysis showed significant differences in gender (73.96% vs. 93.75%, P = 0.012), preoperative total bilirubin levels (11.92 ± 4.52 vs. 18.28 ± 7.57, P < 0.001), perioperative IABP implantation (22.66% vs. 43.75%, P = 0.008), perioperative blood transfusion (37.50% vs. 56.25%, P = 0.037) between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated preoperative serum total bilirubin levels (OR = 1.225, 95% CI 1.145–1.310, P < 0.001), perioperative blood transfusion (OR = 4.488, 95% CI 1.876–10.737, P = 0.001) and perioperative IABP implantation (OR = 4.016, 95% CI 1.709–9.439, P = 0.001) were independent risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia after OPCAB. Conclusions Hyperbilirubinemia is also a common complication after OPCAB. Elevated preoperative serum total bilirubin levels, perioperative blood transfusion, and perioperative IABP implantation were independent risk factors for patients developing hyperbilirubinemia after OPCAB. Further studies need to be conducted to confirm the risk factors of hyperbilirubinemia after OPCAB procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdi Gao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gong Ti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Dongjie Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gong Ti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Honghong Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yulin Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gong Ti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yuanshu Peng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gong Ti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gong Ti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Pixiong Su
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gong Ti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death pathway and participates in various diseases. Current evidence suggests that ferroptosis can obviously affect the function of blood cells. This paper aims to elaborate the role of ferroptosis in blood cells and related diseases. First, abnormal ferroptosis damages the developing red blood cells by breaking systemic iron homeostasis, leading to erythropoiesis suppression and anaemia. Ferroptosis mediates neutrophils recruitment and neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis). In T-cells, ferroptosis induces a novel point of synergy between immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Additionally, ferroptosis may mediate B cells differentiation, antibody responses and lymphoma. Nevertheless, increased ferroptosis can ameliorate acute myeloid leukaemia and T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma by inducing iron-dependent cancer cells death. Besides, ferroptosis activates platelets by increasing P-selectin, thus causing thromboembolism. Ferroptosis mediates virus infection and parasite infection by driving T-cell death and preventing T-cell immunity. Interestingly, ferroptosis is also considered as a critical player in COVID-19 infections, while targetting ferroptosis may also improve thromboembolism and prognosis in patients with COVID-19 infection. Overall, the crucial role of ferroptosis in blood cells will show a new therapeutic potential in blood cell-related diseases.HighlightsFerroptosis shows a new therapeutic potential for blood cell-related diseases.Ferroptosis damages erythropoiesis and thus induces anaemia.Ferroptosis induces platelet activation and leads to thromboembolism.Ferroptosis regulates T-cell and B-cell immunity, which participant in infectious diseases.Inversely, ferroptosis ameliorates acute myeloid leukaemia and T-cell leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Science, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jinyong Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Science, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Nian Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Science, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Nandini C, Madhunapantula SV, Bovilla VR, Ali M, Mruthunjaya K, Santhepete MN, Jayashree K. Platelet enhancement by Carica papaya L. leaf fractions in cyclophosphamide induced thrombocytopenic rats is due to elevated expression of CD110 receptor on megakaryocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114074. [PMID: 33831466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Carica papaya leaf juice/decoction has been in use in folk medicine in Srilanka, Malaysia and in few parts of India for enhancing the platelet counts in dengue. In Siddha medicine, a traditional form of medicine in India, papaya leaf juice has been used for increasing the platelet counts. Papaya leaf has been reported to enhance blood volume in ancient Ayurveda books in India. Carica papaya leaf is well known for its platelet enhancement activity. Although many preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the ability of papaya leaf juice for platelet enhancement, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The study is aimed at identifying the key ingredients of papaya leaf extract and elucidate the mechanism (s) of action of the identified potent component in mitigating thrombocytopenia (Thp). MATERIALS AND METHODS C. papaya leaf juice was subjected for sequential fractionation to identify the anti-thrombocytopenic phytochemicals. In vivo, stable thrombocytopenia was induced by subcutaneous injection of 70 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (Cyp). After induction, rats were treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight papaya leaf juice and with identified fractions for 14 days. Serum thrombopoietin level was estimated using ELISA. CD110/cMpl, a receptor for thrombopoietin on platelets was measured by western blotting. RESULTS Administration of cyclophosphamide for 6 days induced thrombocytopenia (210.4 ± 14.2 × 103 cells/μL) in rats. Treating thrombocytopenic rats with papaya leaf juice and butanol fraction for 14 days significantly increased the platelet count to 1073.50 ± 29.6 and 1189.80 ± 36.5 × 103 cells/μL, respectively. C.papaya extracts normalized the elevated bleeding and clotting time and decreased oxidative markers by increasing endogenous antioxidants. A marginal increase in the serum thrombopoietin (TPO) level was observed in Cyp treated group compared to normal and treatment groups. Low expression of CD110/cMpl receptor found in Cyp treated group was enhanced by C. papaya extracts (CPJ) and CPJ-BT. Furthermore, examination of the morphology of bone marrow megakaryocytes, histopathology of liver and kidneys revealed the ability of CPJ and fractions in mitigating Cyp-induced thrombocytopenia in rats. CONCLUSION C. papaya leaf juice enhances the platelet count in chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia by increasing the expression of CD110 receptor on the megakaryocytes. Hence, activating CD110 receptor might be a viable strategy to increase the platelet production in individuals suffering from thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nandini
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
| | - Venugopal R Bovilla
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - K Mruthunjaya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjula N Santhepete
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
| | - K Jayashree
- Department of Pathology, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
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11
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Vidimce J, Pillay J, Shrestha N, Dong LF, Neuzil J, Wagner KH, Holland OJ, Bulmer AC. Mitochondrial Function, Fatty Acid Metabolism, and Body Composition in the Hyperbilirubinemic Gunn Rat. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:586715. [PMID: 33762933 PMCID: PMC7982585 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.586715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Circulating bilirubin is associated with reduced adiposity in human and animal studies. A possible explanation is provided by in vitro data that demonstrates that bilirubin inhibits mitochondrial function and decreases efficient energy production. However, it remains unclear whether hyperbilirubinemic animals have similar perturbed mitochondrial function and whether this is important for regulation of energy homeostasis. Aim: To investigate the impact of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia on body composition, and mitochondrial function in hepatic tissue and skeletal muscle. Materials and Methods: 1) Food intake and bodyweight gain of 14-week old hyperbilirubinemic Gunn (n = 19) and normobilirubinemic littermate (control; n = 19) rats were measured over a 17-day period. 2) Body composition was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and by measuring organ and skeletal muscle masses. 3) Mitochondrial function was assessed using high-resolution respirometry of homogenized liver and intact permeabilized extensor digitorum longus and soleus fibers. 4) Liver tissue was flash frozen for later gene (qPCR), protein (Western Blot and citrate synthase activity) and lipid analysis. Results: Female hyperbilirubinemic rats had significantly reduced fat mass (Gunn: 9.94 ± 5.35 vs. Control: 16.6 ± 6.90 g, p < 0.05) and hepatic triglyceride concentration (Gunn: 2.39 ± 0.92 vs. Control: 4.65 ± 1.67 mg g-1, p < 0.01) compared to normobilirubinemic controls. Furthermore, hyperbilirubinemic rats consumed fewer calories daily (p < 0.01) and were less energetically efficient (Gunn: 8.09 ± 5.75 vs. Control: 14.9 ± 5.10 g bodyweight kcal-1, p < 0.05). Hepatic mitochondria of hyperbilirubinemic rats demonstrated increased flux control ratio (FCR) via complex I and II (CI+II) (Gunn: 0.78 ± 0.16 vs. Control: 0.62 ± 0.09, p < 0.05). Similarly, exogenous addition of 31.3 or 62.5 μM unconjugated bilirubin to control liver homogenates significantly increased CI+II FCR (p < 0.05). Hepatic PGC-1α gene expression was significantly increased in hyperbilirubinemic females while FGF21 and ACOX1 was significantly greater in male hyperbilirubinemic rats (p < 0.05). Finally, hepatic mitochondrial complex IV subunit 1 protein expression was significantly increased in female hyperbilirubinemic rats (p < 0.01). Conclusions: This is the first study to comprehensively assess body composition, fat metabolism, and mitochondrial function in hyperbilirubinemic rats. Our findings show that hyperbilirubinemia is associated with reduced fat mass, and increased hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis, specifically in female animals, suggesting a dual role of elevated bilirubin and reduced UGT1A1 function on adiposity and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josif Vidimce
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Johara Pillay
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Nirajan Shrestha
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Lan-Feng Dong
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Zhang J, Yu M, Liu B, Zhou P, Zuo N, Wang Y, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, He Y, Wu Y, Dong Z, Hong L, Shi J. Neutrophil extracellular traps enhance procoagulant activity and thrombotic tendency in patients with obstructive jaundice. Liver Int 2021; 41:333-347. [PMID: 33159371 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with obstructive jaundice (OJ) are considered to be prothrombotic with increased risk of thromboembolism complications. The role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in procoagulant activity (PCA) and thrombosis risk in patients with OJ is unclear. In this study, we investigated NETs formation in OJ patients and the role of elevated unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) in inducing NETs, resulting in enhanced PCA and endothelial injury. METHODS NETs of OJ patients and healthy controls were measured. NETs PCA was assessed via coagulation time (CT), fibrin formation and purified coagulation complex production assays. Visualization of NETs and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (MitoROS) were performed with a fluorescence microscope. We further used confocal microscopy to quantify the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS), fibrin strands and FVa/Xa on Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). RESULTS Assessment of NETs components levels revealed greater NETs production in OJ patients than in healthy controls. Importantly, OJ-NETs were responsible for enhanced PCA. UCB induced NETs formation via MitoROS accumulation and mitochondrial mobilization. HUVECs cocultured with OJ NETs lost their cell-cell junctions and consequently converted to a procoagulant phenotype. The PCA was attenuated by using DNase I alone or in combination with lactadherin. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that UCB-induced NETs play a prominent role in promoting the hypercoagulable and prothrombotic state in OJ patients. The increased MitoROS accumulation in neutrophils initiated NETosis. NETs are promising targets for indicating or improving coagulation disorders in OJ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Muxin Yu
- Jiaxing University College of Medicine, Jiaxing, China
| | - Biou Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Zuo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiming Feng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yujing He
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yinsong Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zengxiang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Luojia Hong
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jialan Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Departments of Research and Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Wang J, Guo G, Li A, Cai WQ, Wang X. Challenges of phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:231. [PMID: 33613704 PMCID: PMC7859475 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phototherapy is universally recognized as the first option for treating neonatal jaundice due to its unparalleled efficiency and safety in reducing the high serum free bilirubin levels and limiting its neurotoxic effects. However, several studies have suggested that phototherapy may elicit a series of short- and long-term adverse reactions associated with pediatric diseases, including hemolysis, allergic diseases, DNA damage or even cancer. The aim of the present review was to summarize the etiology, mechanism, associated risks and therapeutic strategies for reducing high neonatal serum bilirubin levels. In order to shed light on the negative effects of phototherapy and to encourage implementation of a reasonable and standardized phototherapy scheme in the clinic, the present review sought to highlight the current understanding of the adverse reactions of phototherapy, as it is necessary to further study the mechanism underlying the development of the adverse effects of phototherapy in infants in order to explore novel therapeutic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Clinical Medicine and Jingzhou Central Hospital, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Genxin Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiantao First People's Hospital of Yangtze University, Xiantao, Hubei 433000, P.R. China
| | - Aimin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Clinical Medicine and Jingzhou Central Hospital, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Qi Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Xianwang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
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14
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Tao S, Xiong Y, Han D, Pi Y, Zhang H, Wang J. N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone disrupts intestinal epithelial barrier through triggering apoptosis and collapsing extracellular matrix and tight junction. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5771-5784. [PMID: 33400297 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microbes employ autoinducers of quorum sensing (QS) for population communication. Although the autoinducer of Pseudomonas aeruginosa LasI-LasR system, N-(3-oxododecanoyl)- l-homoserine lactone (3OC12), has been reported with deleterious effects on host cells, its biological effects on integrity of the intestinal epithelium and epithelial barrier are still unclear and need further investigation. In the present study, flow cytometry, transcriptome analysis and western blot technology have been adopted to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms of 3OC12 and its structurally similar analogs damage to intestinal epithelial cells. Our results indicated that 3OC12 and 3OC14 trigger apoptosis rather than necrosis and ferroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells. RNA-sequencing combined with bioinformatics analysis showed that 3OC12 and 3OC14 reduced the expression of genes from extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction pathway. Consistently, protein expressions from ECM and tight junction-associated pathway were significantly reduced after 3OC12 and 3OC14 challenge. In addition, 3OC12 and 3OC14 led to blocked cell cycle, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased reactive oxygen species level and elevated Ca2+ concentration. Reversely, the antioxidant NAC could effectively mitigate the reduced expression of ECM and tight junction proteins caused by 3OC12 and 3OC14 challenge. Collectively, this study demonstrated that QS autoinducer exposure to intestinal epithelial cells ablates the ECM and tight junctions by triggering oxidative stress and apoptosis, and finally disrupts the intestinal epithelial barrier. These findings provide a rationale for defensing QS-dependent bacterial infections and potential role of NAC for alleviating the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanlu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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15
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NaveenKumar SK, Hemshekhar M, Jagadish S, Manikanta K, Vishalakshi GJ, Kemparaju K, Girish KS. Melatonin restores neutrophil functions and prevents apoptosis amid dysfunctional glutathione redox system. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12676. [PMID: 32597503 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a chronobiotic hormone, which can regulate human diseases like cancer, atherosclerosis, respiratory disorders, and microbial infections by regulating redox system. Melatonin exhibits innate immunomodulation by communicating with immune system and influencing neutrophils to fight infections and inflammation. However, sustaining redox homeostasis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in neutrophils are critical during chemotaxis, oxidative burst, phagocytosis, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Therefore, endogenous antioxidant glutathione (GSH) redox cycle is highly vital in regulating neutrophil functions. Reduced intracellular GSH levels and glutathione reductase (GR) activity in the neutrophils during clinical conditions like autoimmune disorders, neurological disorders, diabetes, and microbial infections lead to dysfunctional neutrophils. Therefore, we hypothesized that redox modulators like melatonin can protect neutrophil health and functions under GSH and GR activity-deficient conditions. We demonstrate the dual role of melatonin, wherein it protects neutrophils from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by reducing ROS generation; in contrast, it restores neutrophil functions like phagocytosis, degranulation, and NETosis in GSH and GR activity-deficient neutrophils by regulating ROS levels both in vitro and in vivo. Melatonin mitigates LPS-induced neutrophil dysfunctions by rejuvenating GSH redox system, specifically GR activity by acting as a parallel redox system. Our results indicate that melatonin could be a potential auxiliary therapy to treat immune dysfunction and microbial infections, including virus, under chronic disease conditions by restoring neutrophil functions. Further, melatonin could be a promising immune system booster to fight unprecedented pandemics like the current COVID-19. However, further studies are indispensable to address the clinical usage of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Swamy Jagadish
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | | | | | - Kempaiah Kemparaju
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - Kesturu S Girish
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Tumkur University, Tumakuru, India
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16
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Tátrai P, Krajcsi P. Prediction of Drug-Induced Hyperbilirubinemia by In Vitro Testing. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12080755. [PMID: 32796590 PMCID: PMC7465333 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin, the end product of heme catabolism, is produced continuously in the body and may reach toxic levels if accumulates in the serum and tissues; therefore, a highly efficient mechanism evolved for its disposition. Normally, unconjugated bilirubin enters hepatocytes through the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 and 1B3, undergoes glucuronidation by the Phase II enzyme UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), and conjugated forms are excreted into the bile by the canalicular export pump multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2). Any remaining conjugated bilirubin is transported back to the blood by MRP3 and passed on for uptake and excretion by downstream hepatocytes or the kidney. The bile salt export pump BSEP as the main motor of bile flow is indirectly involved in bilirubin disposition. Genetic mutations and xenobiotics that interfere with this machinery may impede bilirubin disposition and cause hyperbilirubinemia. Several pharmaceutical compounds are known to cause hyperbilirubinemia via inhibition of OATP1Bs, UGT1A1, or BSEP. Herein we briefly review the in vitro prediction methods that serve to identify drugs with a potential to induce hyperbilirubinemia. In vitro assays can be deployed early in drug development and may help to minimize late-stage attrition. Based on current evidence, drugs that behave as mono- or multispecific inhibitors of OATP1B1, UGT1A1, and BSEP in vitro are at risk of causing clinically significant hyperbilirubinemia. By integrating inhibition data from in vitro assays, drug serum concentrations, and clinical reports of hyperbilirubinemia, predictor cut-off values have been established and are provisionally suggested in this review. Further validation of in vitro readouts to clinical outcomes is expected to enhance the predictive power of these assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Tátrai
- Solvo Biotechnology, Science Park, Building B1, 4-20 Irinyi József utca, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Péter Krajcsi
- Solvo Biotechnology, Science Park, Building B1, 4-20 Irinyi József utca, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Péter Pázmány Catholic University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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17
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Lee N, Spears ME, Carlisle AE, Kim D. Endogenous toxic metabolites and implications in cancer therapy. Oncogene 2020; 39:5709-5720. [PMID: 32709924 PMCID: PMC7452860 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well recognized that many metabolic enzymes play essential roles in cancer cells in producing building blocks such as nucleotides, which are required in greater amounts due to their increased proliferation. On the other hand, the significance of enzymes in preventing the accumulation of their substrates is less recognized. Here, we outline the evidence and underlying mechanisms for how many metabolites normally produced in cells are highly toxic, such as metabolites containing reactive groups (e.g., methylglyoxal, 4-hydroxynonenal, and glutaconyl-CoA), or metabolites that act as competitive analogs against other metabolites (e.g., deoxyuridine triphosphate and l-2-hydroxyglutarate). Thus, if a metabolic pathway contains a toxic intermediate, then we may be able to induce accumulation and poison a cancer cell by targeting the downstream enzyme. Furthermore, this poisoning may be cancer cell selective if this pathway is overactive in a cancer cell relative to a nontransformed cell. We describe this concept as illustrated in selenocysteine metabolism and other pathways and discuss future directions in exploiting toxic metabolites to kill cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namgyu Lee
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Meghan E Spears
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Anne E Carlisle
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Dohoon Kim
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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18
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Bilirubin Improves the Quality and Function of Hypothermic Preserved Islets by Its Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Effect. Transplantation 2020; 103:2486-2496. [PMID: 31365475 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Islet transplantation is a promising option for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. However, the current lack of practical techniques for the isolated islets preservation still hampers the advancement of life-saving islet transplantation. Islet suffers from internal or external stimuli-induced oxidative stress and subsequent inflammation during preservation, which leads to disappointing outcomes regarding islet yield, survival, and function. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction is the primary cause of oxidative stress that induces islet loss and dysfunction. Thus, in this article, we hypothesized that an endogenous antioxidant, bilirubin, that could efficiently scavenge ROS and inhibit inflammatory reactions could be beneficial for islet preservation. METHODS Herein, we studied the effect of bilirubin on the hypothermic preserved (4°C) islets and evaluate the islets viability, insulin secretory function, oxidative stress levels, and in vivo transplantation performance. RESULTS Bilirubin could prevent cellular damages during short-term preservation and maintain the cocultured islets viability and function. The protective role of bilirubin is associated with its antioxidative ability, which dramatically increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and decreased the levels of ROS and malondialdehyde. Diabetic mice transplanted with bilirubin preserved islets were normoglycemic for 28 days, even overmatched the diabetic mouse transplanted with fresh islets. Mice receiving bilirubin cocultured islets required the least time to achieve normoglycemia among all groups and exhibited minimum inflammatory responses during the early transplantation stage. CONCLUSIONS By utilizing bilirubin, we achieved highly viable and functional islets after hypothermic preservation to reverse diabetes in mice.
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19
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Caesalpinia crista coat extract protects red blood cell from sodium nitrite-induced oxidative stress and exhibits antiplatelet activity. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2020; 31:293-302. [PMID: 32332278 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
: To understand the RBC protecting efficiency and antiplatelet activity of methanolic extract of Caesalpinia crista coat (MECCC). RBC-protecting activity of MECCC was evaluated using assays, such as DPPH, level of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content, superoxide dismutase and catalase as a marker of oxidative stress whereas, platelet aggregation inhibition was performed using human platelet-rich plasma (PRP). MECCC showed about 76% of DPPH-scavenging activity, with an IC50 value of 71.89 μg/ml. The MECCC reduced the level of lipid peroxidation and protein carboxylation in RBC caused by NaNO2 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, MECCC normalized the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in oxidative stress-induced RBC in a dose-dependent manner. This suggested the protective effect of MECCC on RBC against oxidative stress. Furthermore, MECCC also exhibited mild antiplatelet activity by inhibiting both ADP and epinephrine agonists that induced platelet aggregation. The noticed inhibition percentage was found to be 28 and 23%, respectively at the concentration of 150 μg. Interestingly, MECCC did not hydrolyse the RBC suggesting its nontoxic properties. MECCC possesses protective effect of RBC against NaNO2 (10 mmol/l) induce oxidative stress and inhibits platelet aggregation.
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20
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Kengaiah J, Nandish SKM, Ramachandraiah C, Chandramma, Shivaiah A, Vishalakshi GJ, Paul M, Santhosh MS, Shankar RL, Sannaningaiah D. Protective Effect of Tamarind Seed Coat Ethanol Extract on Eryptosis Induced by Oxidative Stress. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:119-129. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Nitti M, Furfaro AL, Mann GE. Heme Oxygenase Dependent Bilirubin Generation in Vascular Cells: A Role in Preventing Endothelial Dysfunction in Local Tissue Microenvironment? Front Physiol 2020; 11:23. [PMID: 32082188 PMCID: PMC7000760 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among antioxidants in the human body, bilirubin has been recognized over the past 20 years to afford protection against different chronic conditions, including inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Moderate increases in plasma concentration and cellular bilirubin generation from metabolism of heme via heme oxygenase (HMOX) in virtually all tissues can modulate endothelial and vascular function and exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles. This review aims to provide an up-to-date and critical overview of the molecular mechanisms by which bilirubin derived from plasma or from HMOX1 activation in vascular cells affects endothelial function. Understanding the molecular actions of bilirubin may critically improve the management not only of key cardiovascular diseases, but also provide insights into a broad spectrum of pathologies driven by endothelial dysfunction. In this context, therapeutic interventions aimed at mildly increasing serum bilirubin as well as bilirubin generated endogenously by endothelial HMOX1 should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariapaola Nitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Furfaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Nakasato GR, Murakami BM, Batistão Gonçalves MA, Lopes JDL, Lopes CT. Predictors of complications related to venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adults: A multicenter retrospective cohort study. Heart Lung 2020; 49:60-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Manikanta K, Naveen Kumar SK, Hemshekhar M, Kemparaju K, Girish KS. ASK1 inhibition triggers platelet apoptosis via p38-MAPK-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Haematologica 2019; 105:e419-e423. [PMID: 31780630 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.233908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kurnegala Manikanta
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru
| | | | | | - Kempaiah Kemparaju
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru
| | - Kesturu S Girish
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru .,Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Tumkur University, Tumakuru, India
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Pennell EN, Shiels R, Vidimce J, Wagner KH, Shibeeb S, Bulmer AC. The impact of bilirubin ditaurate on platelet quality during storage. Platelets 2019; 31:884-896. [PMID: 31747815 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1693038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bilirubin ditaurate (BRT), a conjugated bilirubin analogue, has demonstrated anti-platelet characteristics following acute ex vivo exposure. Scavenging of mitochondrial superoxide and attenuation of granule exocytosis suggested a potential benefit for including BRT for storage. With no reports of cytotoxicity following acute exposure, the impact of 35µM BRT on platelet function was investigated, in clinically suppled units, for up to seven days. Exposure to 35µM BRT significantly reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and increased glucose consumption until exhaustion after 72 hours. Platelet aggregation and activation was significantly impaired by BRT. Mitochondrial superoxide production and phosphatidylserine expression were significantly elevated following glucose exhaustion, with decreased viability observed from day five onwards. Lactate accumulation and loss of bicarbonate, support a metabolic disturbance, leading to a decline of quality following BRT inclusion. Although acute ex vivo BRT exposure reported potentially beneficial effects, translation from acute to chronic exposure failed to combat declining platelet function during storage. BRT exposure resulted in perturbations of platelet quality, with the utility of BRT during storage therefore limited. However, these are the first data of prolonged platelet exposure to analogues of conjugated bilirubin and may improve our understanding of platelet function in the context of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Noel Pennell
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University , Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Ryan Shiels
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University , Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Josif Vidimce
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University , Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Research Platform Active Aging, Department of Nutritional Science, University of Vienna , Vienna Austria
| | - Sapha Shibeeb
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University , Gold Coast, Australia.,Endeavour College of Natural Health , Melbourne, Australia
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Zhou C, Sun R, Sun C, Gu M, Guo C, Zhang J, Du Y, Gu H, Liu Q. Minocycline protects neurons against glial cells-mediated bilirubin neurotoxicity. Brain Res Bull 2019; 154:102-105. [PMID: 31733348 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Unconjugated bilirubin, the end product of heme catabolism and antioxidant, induced brain damage in human neonates is a well-recognized clinical syndrome. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying bilirubin neurotoxicity remain unclear. To characterize the sequence of events leading to bilirubin-induced neurotoxicity, we investigated whether bilirubin-induced glial activation was involved in bilirubin neurotoxicity by exposing co-cultured rat glial cells and cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) to bilirubin. We found that bilirubin could markedly induce the expression of TNF-α and iNOS in glial cells, and even at low concentrations, the co-culture of glial cells with neurons significantly enhances neurotoxicity of bilirubin. Pretreatment of the co-cultured cells with minocycline protected CGN from glia-mediated bilirubin neurotoxicity and inhibited overexpression of TNF-α and iNOS in glia. Furthermore, we found that high doses of bilirubin were able to induce glial injury, and minocycline attenuated bilirubin-induced glial cell death. Our data suggest that glial cells play an important role in brain damage caused by bilirubin, and minocycline blocks bilirubin-induced encephalopathy possibly by directly and indirectly inhibiting neuronal death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, PR China
| | - Rong Sun
- Department of Outpatient OR, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, PR China
| | - Chongyi Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, PR China
| | - Minghao Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, PR China
| | - Chuan Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, PR China
| | - Jiyan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, PR China
| | - Yansheng Du
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Huiying Gu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Qingpeng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, PR China.
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Ruiz-Gaspà S, Guañabens N, Jurado S, Dubreuil M, Combalia A, Peris P, Monegal A, Parés A. Bile acids and bilirubin effects on osteoblastic gene profile. Implications in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in liver diseases. Gene 2019; 725:144167. [PMID: 31639434 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis in advanced cholestatic and end-stage liver disease is related to low bone formation. Previous studies have demonstrated the deleterious consequences of lithocholic acid (LCA) and bilirubin on osteoblastic cells. These effects are partially or completely neutralized by ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). We have assessed the differential gene expression of osteoblastic cells under different culture conditions. The experiments were performed in human osteosarcoma cells (Saos-2) cultured with LCA (10 μM), bilirubin (50 μM) or UDCA (10 and 100 μM) at 2 and 24 h. Expression of 87 genes related to bone metabolism and other signalling pathways were assessed by TaqMan micro fluidic cards. Several genes were up-regulated by LCA, most of them pro-apoptotic (BAX, BCL10, BCL2L13, BCL2L14), but also MGP (matrix Gla protein), BGLAP (osteocalcin), SPP1 (osteopontin) and CYP24A1, and down-regulated bone morphogenic protein genes (BMP3 and BMP4) and DKK1 (Dickkopf-related protein 1). Parallel effects were observed with bilirubin, which up-regulated apoptotic genes and CSF2 (colony-stimulating factor 2) and down-regulated antiapoptotic genes (BCL2 and BCL2L1), BMP3, BMP4 and RUNX2. UDCA 100 μM had specific consequences since differential expression was observed, up-regulating BMP2, BMP4, BMP7, CALCR (calcitonin receptor), SPOCK3 (osteonectin), BGLAP (osteocalcin) and SPP1 (osteopontin), and down-regulating pro-apoptotic genes. Furthermore, most of the differential expression changes induced by both LCA and bilirubin were partially or completely neutralized by UDCA. Conclusion: Our observations reveal novel target genes, whose regulation by retained substances of cholestasis may provide additional insights into the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in cholestatic and end-stage liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ruiz-Gaspà
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - Nuria Guañabens
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain; Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Susana Jurado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - Marta Dubreuil
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - Andres Combalia
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Peris
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain; Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Monegal
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Parés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Pennell EN, Wagner KH, Mosawy S, Bulmer AC. Acute bilirubin ditaurate exposure attenuates ex vivo platelet reactive oxygen species production, granule exocytosis and activation. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101250. [PMID: 31226648 PMCID: PMC6586953 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bilirubin, a by-product of haem catabolism, possesses potent endogenous antioxidant and platelet inhibitory properties. These properties may be useful in inhibiting inappropriate platelet activation and ROS production; for example, during storage for transfusion. Given the hydrophobicity of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), we investigated the acute platelet inhibitory and ROS scavenging ability of a water-soluble bilirubin analogue, bilirubin ditaurate (BRT) on ex vivo platelet function to ascertain its potential suitability for inclusion during platelet storage. Methods The inhibitory potential of BRT (10–100 μM) was assessed using agonist induced platelet aggregation, dense granule exocytosis and flow cytometric analysis of P-selectin and GPIIb/IIIa expression. ROS production was investigated by analysis of H2DCFDA fluorescence following agonist simulation while mitochondrial ROS production investigated using MitoSOX™ Red. Platelet mitochondrial membrane potential and viability was assessed using TMRE and Zombie Green™ respectively. Results Our data shows ≤35 μM BRT significantly inhibits both dense and alpha granule exocytosis as measured by ATP release and P-selectin surface expression, respectively. Significant inhibition of GPIIb/IIIa expression was also reported upon ≤35 μM BRT exposure. Furthermore, platelet exposure to ≤10 μM BRT significantly reduces platelet mitochondrial ROS production. Despite the inhibitory effect of BRT, platelet viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and agonist induced aggregation were not perturbed. Conclusions These data indicate, for the first time, that BRT, a water-soluble bilirubin analogue, inhibits platelet activation and reduces platelet ROS production ex vivo and may, therefore, may be of use in preserving platelet function during storage. The impact of conjugated bilirubin on platelet function has not been investigated to date. Bilirubin ditaurate (BDT) is a water-soluble analogue of conjugated bilirubin. BDT attenuates ex vivo platelet activation and ROS generation. Conjugated forms of bilirubin might inhibit platelet activation during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Noel Pennell
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Research Platform Active Aging, Department of Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sapha Mosawy
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia; Endeavour College of Natural Health, Melbourne, Australia
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Hemin-induced platelet activation and ferroptosis is mediated through ROS-driven proteasomal activity and inflammasome activation: Protection by Melatonin. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2303-2316. [PMID: 31102787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are capable of inducing cell death or apoptosis. Recently, we demonstrated that lipid-ROS can mediate ferroptosis and activation of human platelets. Ferroptosis is an intracellular iron-mediated cell death, distinct from classical apoptosis and necrosis, which is mediated through the accumulation of ROS, lipid peroxides and depletion of cellular GSH. Lately, we demonstrated that hemoglobin degradation product hemin induces ferroptosis in platelets via ROS and lipid peroxidation. In this study, we demonstrate that hemin-induced ferroptosis in platelets is mediated through ROS-driven proteasome activity and inflammasome activation, which were mitigated by Melatonin (MLT). Although inflammasome activation is linked with pyroptosis, it is still not clear whether ferroptosis is associated with inflammasome activation. Our study for the first time demonstrates an association of platelet activation/ferroptosis with proteasome activity and inflammasome activation. Although, high-throughput screening has recognized ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1) as potent ferroptosis inhibitors, having an endogenous antioxidant such as MLT as ferroptosis inhibitor is of high interest. MLT is a well-known chronobiotic hormone that regulates the circadian rhythms in vertebrates. It also exhibits potent antioxidant and ROS quenching capabilities. MLT can regulate fundamental cellular functions by exhibiting cytoprotective, oncostatic, antiaging, anti-venom, and immunomodulatory activities. The ROS scavenging capacity of MLT is key for its cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic properties. Considering the anti-ferroptotic and anti-apoptotic potentials of MLT, it could be a promising clinical application to treat hemolytic, thrombotic and thrombocytopenic conditions. Therefore, we propose MLT as a pharmacological and therapeutic agent to inhibit ferroptosis and platelet activation.
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Paul M, Hemshekhar M, Kemparaju K, Girish KS. Berberine mitigates high glucose-potentiated platelet aggregation and apoptosis by modulating aldose reductase and NADPH oxidase activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:196-205. [PMID: 30391673 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious metabolic disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. The high rate of mortality and morbidity during DM is attributed to the increased atherothrombotic events due to platelet activation and apoptosis leading to macro and micro vascular occlusions. The platelet hyper-reactivity and apoptosis during DM is accounted for the accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to increased aldose reductase (AR) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) activities. Considering aspirin insensitivity in DM patients, new therapies targeting the underlying mechanism is urgently warranted. Berberine, a benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, from Chinese folk medicine has been demonstrated with several anti-diabetic effects. Therefore, we evaluated whether berberine inhibits high glucose potentiated platelet aggregation, apoptosis and further evaluated the mechanism of its action in platelets. Berberine was found to inhibit platelet aggregation, superoxide production via modulating AR, NOX, and glutathione reductase activities in high glucose (HG) treated platelets. Correlated with this, berberine inhibited, calcium release, ERK activation, α- and dense granule release and platelet adhesive properties. In addition, berberine inhibited p38-p53 mediated BAX activation, mitochondrial dysfunction and platelet apoptosis induced by HG. The platelet protective effect of berberine by inhibiting AR and NOX in high glucose-treated platelets suggest that berberine could be developed as a potential therapeutic molecule in the treating pathologies associated with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Paul
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru 570006, India
| | - Mahadevappa Hemshekhar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R3E3P4
| | - Kempaiah Kemparaju
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru 570006, India.
| | - Kesturu S Girish
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru 570006, India; Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Tumkur University, Tumakuru 572103, India.
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Tsai MT, Tarng DC. Beyond a Measure of Liver Function-Bilirubin Acts as a Potential Cardiovascular Protector in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010117. [PMID: 30597982 PMCID: PMC6337523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin is a well-known neurotoxin in newborn infants; however, current evidence has shown that a higher serum bilirubin concentration in physiological ranges is associated with a lower risk for the development and progression of both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults. The protective mechanisms of bilirubin in CVD, CKD, and associated mortality may be ascribed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Bilirubin further improves insulin sensitivity, reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and inhibits platelet activation in at-risk individuals. These effects are expected to maintain normal vascular homeostasis and thus reduce the incidence of CKD and the risks of cardiovascular complications and death. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in the biological actions of bilirubin in the pathogenesis of CVD and CKD progression, and further propose that targeting bilirubin metabolism could be a potential approach to ameliorate morbidity and mortality in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tsun Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Der-Cherng Tarng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
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Yamaza H, Sonoda S, Nonaka K, Kukita T, Yamaza T. Pamidronate decreases bilirubin-impaired cell death and improves dentinogenic dysfunction of stem cells from human deciduous teeth. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:303. [PMID: 30409185 PMCID: PMC6225573 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperbilirubinemia that occurs in pediatric liver diseases such as biliary atresia can result in the development of not only jaundice in the brain, eyes, and skin, but also tooth abnormalities including green pigmentation and dentin hypoplasia in the developing teeth. However, hyperbilirubinemia-induced tooth impairments remain after liver transplantation. No effective dental management to prevent hyperbilirubinemia-induced tooth impairments has been established. METHODS In this study, we focused on pamidronate, which is used to treat pediatric osteopenia, and investigated its effects on hyperbilirubinemia-induced tooth impairments. We cultured stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) under high and low concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin in the presence or absence of pamidronate. We then analyzed the effects of pamidronate on the cell death, associated signal pathways, and dentinogenic function in SHED. RESULTS We demonstrated that a high concentration of unconjugated bilirubin induced cell death in SHED via the mitochondrial pathway, and this was associated with the suppression of AKT and extracellular signal-related kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signal pathways and activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway. The high concentration of unconjugated bilirubin impaired the in vitro and in vivo dentinogenic capacity of SHED, but not the low concentration. We then demonstrated that pamidronate decreased the bilirubin-induced cell death in SHED via the altered AKT, ERK1/2, and NF-κB signal pathways and recovered the bilirubin-impaired dentinogenic function of SHED. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that pamidronate may prevent tooth abnormalities in pediatric patients with hyperbilirubinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruyoshi Yamaza
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Graduate School of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Soichiro Sonoda
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nonaka
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Graduate School of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toshio Kukita
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Yamaza
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Hemolysis During Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Associations With Circuitry, Complications, and Mortality. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2018; 19:1067-1076. [PMID: 30106767 PMCID: PMC6218309 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000001709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe factors associated with hemolysis during pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and the relationships between hemolysis, complications, and mortality. DESIGN Secondary analysis of data collected prospectively by the Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network between December 2012 and September 2014. SETTING Three Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network-affiliated hospitals. PATIENTS Age less than 19 years and treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Hemolysis was defined based on peak plasma free hemoglobin levels during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and categorized as none (< 0.001 g/L), mild (0.001 to < 0.5 g/L), moderate (0.5 to < 1.0 g/L), or severe (≥ 1.0 g/L). Of 216 patients, four (1.9%) had no hemolysis, 67 (31.0%) had mild, 51 (23.6%) had moderate, and 94 (43.5%) had severe. On multivariable analysis, variables independently associated with higher daily plasma free hemoglobin concentration included the use of in-line hemofiltration or other continuous renal replacement therapy, higher hemoglobin concentration, higher total bilirubin concentration, lower mean heparin infusion dose, lower body weight, and lower platelet count. Using multivariable Cox modeling, daily plasma free hemoglobin was independently associated with development of renal failure during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (defined as creatinine > 2 mg/dL [> 176.8 μmol/L] or use of in-line hemofiltration or continuous renal replacement therapy) (hazard ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.06; p < 0.001), but not mortality (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.99-1.04; p = 0.389). CONCLUSIONS Hemolysis is common during pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Hemolysis may contribute to the development of renal failure, and therapies used to manage renal failure such as in-line hemofiltration and other forms of continuous renal replacement therapy may contribute to hemolysis. Hemolysis was not associated with mortality after controlling for other factors. Monitoring for hemolysis should be a routine part of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation practice, and efforts to reduce hemolysis may improve patient care.
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Platelet mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondria-targeted quinone-and hydroquinone-derivatives: Review on new strategy of antiplatelet activity. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:215-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Gupta T, Puskarich MA, DeVos E, Javed A, Smotherman C, Sterling SA, Wang HE, Moore FA, Jones AE, Guirgis FW. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Component Score Prediction of In-hospital Mortality From Sepsis. J Intensive Care Med 2018; 35:810-817. [PMID: 30165769 DOI: 10.1177/0885066618795400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early organ dysfunction in sepsis confers a high risk of in-hospital mortality, but the relative contribution of specific types of organ failure to overall mortality is unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the predictive ability of individual types of organ failure to in-hospital mortality or prolonged intensive care. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of adult emergency department patients with sepsis from October 1, 2013, to November 10, 2015. Multivariable regression was used to assess the odds ratios of individual organ failure types for the outcomes of in-hospital death (primary) and in-hospital death or ICU stay ≥ 3 days (secondary). RESULTS Of 2796 patients, 283 (10%) experienced in-hospital mortality, and 748 (27%) experienced in-hospital mortality or an ICU stay ≥ 3 days. The following components of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were most predictive of in-hospital mortality (descending order): coagulation (odds ratio [OR]: 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32-1.93), hepatic (1.58, 95% CI: 1.32-1.90), respiratory (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.21-1.47), neurologic (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.07-1.35), renal (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02-1.27), and cardiovascular (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01-1.25). For mortality or ICU stay ≥3 days, the most predictive SOFA components were respiratory (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.79-2.16), neurologic (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.54-1.92), cardiovascular (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.23-1.54), coagulation (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.10-1.55), and renal (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.08-1.30) while hepatic SOFA (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.98-1.37) did not reach statistical significance (P = .092). CONCLUSION In this retrospective study, SOFA score components demonstrated varying predictive abilities for mortality in sepsis. Elevated coagulation or hepatic SOFA scores were most predictive of in-hospital death, while an elevated respiratory SOFA was most predictive of death or ICU stay >3 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Gupta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Michael A Puskarich
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Elizabeth DeVos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Adnan Javed
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carmen Smotherman
- Center for Health Equity and Quality Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah A Sterling
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Henry E Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Frederick A Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alan E Jones
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Faheem W Guirgis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Nam J, Lee Y, Yang Y, Jeong S, Kim W, Yoo JW, Moon JO, Lee C, Chung HY, Kim MS, Jon S, Jung Y. Is it worth expending energy to convert biliverdin into bilirubin? Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:232-240. [PMID: 29898414 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bilirubin (BR) is generated by the reduction of biliverdin (BV), a metabolite that results from the catalytic degradation of heme by the isoforms of heme oxygenase (HO). BV is nontoxic and water-soluble but BR is potentially toxic and lipophilic. Therefore, a further metabolic step is required for BR before excretion is possible. The reductive conversion of BV to BR costs energy and is evolutionarily conserved in human physiology. There must be a compelling reason for this apparently nonsensical evolutionary conservation. In addition to the differences between BR and BV-such as water solubility, antioxidant activity, and participation as a receptor ligand-in the present study, we focused on the chemistry of the two metabolites with regard to an electrophilic functional group called a Michael reaction acceptor (MRA). Our data reveal that the BR reacts with thiol compounds forming adducts, whereas no reaction occurs with BV. Furthermore, the binding of biotin-tagged BR to Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)-a biological electrophile sensor-was prevented by pretreatment with BR or a thiol compound, but was not by pretreatment with BV. In cells, BR could bind to KEAP1 to release and activate nuclear factor-erythroid 2 (NF-E2) p45-related factor 2, a cytoprotective transcription factor, leading to the induction of HO-1. These findings may provide a physiological rationale for the energy-consuming conversion of BV to BR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Yonghyun Lee
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yejin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Seongkeun Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Wooseong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Jeon-Ok Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Changyong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Sangyong Jon
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yunjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea.
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NaveenKumar SK, SharathBabu BN, Hemshekhar M, Kemparaju K, Girish KS, Mugesh G. The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Ferroptosis in Heme-Mediated Activation of Human Platelets. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1996-2002. [PMID: 29869870 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hemolysis, a process by which the destruction of red blood cells leads to the release of hemoglobin, is a critical event observed during hemolytic disorders. Under oxidative stress conditions, hemoglobin can release its heme prosthetic group, which is highly cytotoxic and can catalyze the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to several undesired redox reactions in the cells. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that heme can mediate the activation and death of human platelets through ferroptosis, which is an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death. This study also suggests that the heme-mediated lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in platelets may play an important role in hemolytic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somanathapura K. NaveenKumar
- DOS in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, India
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Bidare N. SharathBabu
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Mahadevappa Hemshekhar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E3P4, Canada
| | - Kempaiah Kemparaju
- DOS in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, India
| | - Kesturu S. Girish
- DOS in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, India
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Tumkur University, Tumakuru 572 103, India
| | - Govindasamy Mugesh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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Paul M, Hemshekhar M, Kemparaju K, Girish KS. Aggregation is impaired in starved platelets due to enhanced autophagy and cellular energy depletion. Platelets 2018; 30:487-497. [PMID: 29799304 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1475630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Platelet hyperactivity is the hallmark of thrombosis and hemostasis disorders including atherosclerosis, diabetes, stroke, arthritis, and cancer causing significant mortality and morbidity. Therefore, regulating platelet hyperactivity is an ever growing interest. Very recently, basal autophagic process has been demonstrated to be essential for normal functioning of platelets. However, autophagy can be elevated above basal level under conditions like starvation, and how platelets respond in these settings remains to be elucidative. Therefore, in this study we demonstrate a substantial autophagy induction (above basal level) by starvation, which decreases platelet aggregation responses to various agonists. The decreased aggregation in starved platelets was restored in combination with autophagy inhibitors (3-methyladenine and NH4Cl) and acetate supplementation. Starved platelets also showed decreased calcium mobilization, granule release, and adhesive properties. Furthermore, ex vivo platelets obtained from starved rats showed increased autophagy markers and decreased aggregation responses to various agonists. Our results distinctly explain that enhanced autophagy and cellular energy depletion are the cause for decreased platelet activation and aggregation. The study emphasizes the cardinal role of starvation and autophagy in the management of diseases and disorders associated with platelet hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Paul
- a DOS in Biochemistry , University of Mysore , Mysuru , India
| | - Mahadevappa Hemshekhar
- b Department of Internal Medicine, Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
| | | | - Kesturu S Girish
- a DOS in Biochemistry , University of Mysore , Mysuru , India.,c Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry , Tumkur University , Tumakuru , India
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38
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Guo L, Tong D, Yu M, Zhang Y, Li T, Wang C, Zhou P, Jin J, Li B, Liu Y, Liu R, Novakovic VA, Dong Z, Tian Y, Kou J, Bi Y, Zhou J, Shi J. Phosphatidylserine-exposing cells contribute to the hypercoagulable state in patients with multiple myeloma. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1981-1990. [PMID: 29620266 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by an increased incidence of thromboembolic events, particularly when treated with immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) in combination with dexamethasone. The optimal prophylactic strategy to prevent the hypercoagulable state of patients with MM is still debated. The aim of the current study was to investigate the definitive role of phosphatidylserine (PS) in supporting procoagulant activity (PCA) in patients with MM. Patients with MM (n=20) and healthy subjects (n=15) were recruited for the present study. PS analyses were performed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The PCA was evaluated by clotting time, purified coagulation complex assays and fibrin production assays. The percentage of PS+ blood cells was significantly higher in patients with MM than in healthy subjects. Additionally, the patient serum induced more PS exposure on endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro than serum from healthy subjects. Isolated blood cells from patients with MM and ECs cultured with patient serum in vitro demonstrated significantly shortened coagulation time, greatly intrinsic/extrinsic factor Xa generation and increased thrombin formation. In addition, the levels of PS+ erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes, and ECs incubated with IMiDs and dexamethasone were higher than with IMiDs alone. The findings support the hypothesis that increased PS exposure on blood cells and ECs participates in the hypercoagulable state in patients with MM. Thus, blocking PS may be a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of thrombosis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Dongxia Tong
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Muxin Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Chunxu Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Baorong Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yingmiao Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ruipeng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Valerie A Novakovic
- Department of Research and Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02132, USA
| | - Zengxiang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Kou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yayan Bi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jialan Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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Fujiwara R, Haag M, Schaeffeler E, Nies AT, Zanger UM, Schwab M. Systemic regulation of bilirubin homeostasis: Potential benefits of hyperbilirubinemia. Hepatology 2018; 67:1609-1619. [PMID: 29059457 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurotoxic bilirubin is the end product of heme catabolism in mammals. Bilirubin is solely conjugated by uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1, which is a membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of glucuronic acid. Due to low function of hepatic and intestinal uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 during the neonatal period, human neonates develop mild to severe physiological hyperbilirubinemia. Accumulation of bilirubin in the brain leads to the onset of irreversible brain damage, termed kernicterus. Breastfeeding is one of the most significant factors that increase the risk of developing kernicterus in infants. Why does this most natural way of feeding increase the risk of brain damage or even death? This question leads to the hypothesis that breast milk-induced hyperbilirubinemia might bring certain benefits that outweigh those risks. While bilirubin is neurotoxic and cytotoxic, this compound is also a potent antioxidant. There are studies showing improved clinical conditions in patients with hyperbilirubinemia. Accumulating evidence also shows that genetic polymorphisms linked to hyperbilirubinemia are beneficial against various diseases. In this review article, we first introduce the production, metabolism, and transport of bilirubin. We then discuss the potential benefits of neonatal and adult hyperbilirubinemia. Finally, epigenetic factors as well as metabolomic information associated with hyperbilirubinemia are described. This review article advances the understanding of the physiological importance of the paradoxical compound bilirubin. (Hepatology 2018;67:1609-1619).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Fujiwara
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mathias Haag
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anne T Nies
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Zanger
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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40
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Bulmer AC, Bakrania B, Du Toit EF, Boon AC, Clark PJ, Powell LW, Wagner KH, Headrick JP. Bilirubin acts as a multipotent guardian of cardiovascular integrity: more than just a radical idea. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H429-H447. [PMID: 29600900 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00417.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bilirubin, a potentially toxic catabolite of heme and indicator of hepatobiliary insufficiency, exhibits potent cardiac and vascular protective properties. Individuals with Gilbert's syndrome (GS) may experience hyperbilirubinemia in response to stressors including reduced hepatic bilirubin excretion/increased red blood cell breakdown, with individuals usually informed by their clinician that their condition is of little consequence. However, GS appears to protect from all-cause mortality, with progressively elevated total bilirubin associated with protection from ischemic heart and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Bilirubin may protect against these diseases and associated mortality by reducing circulating cholesterol, oxidative lipid/protein modifications, and blood pressure. In addition, bilirubin inhibits platelet activation and protects the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury. These effects attenuate multiple stages of the atherosclerotic process in addition to protecting the heart during resultant ischemic stress, likely underpinning the profound reduction in cardiovascular mortality in hyperbilirubinemic GS. This review outlines our current knowledge of and uses for bilirubin in clinical medicine and summarizes recent progress in revealing the physiological importance of this poorly understood molecule. We believe that this review will be of significant interest to clinicians, medical researchers, and individuals who have GS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Bulmer
- School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University , Gold Coast, Queensland , Australia
| | - Bhavisha Bakrania
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Centre , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Eugene F Du Toit
- School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University , Gold Coast, Queensland , Australia
| | - Ai-Ching Boon
- School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University , Gold Coast, Queensland , Australia
| | - Paul J Clark
- QIMR-Berghofer Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland and Princess Alexandra and Mater Hospitals , Brisbane, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Lawrie W Powell
- The Centre for the Advancement of Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research , Brisbane, Queensland , Australia
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University , Gold Coast, Queensland , Australia
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41
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De Silva E, Kim H. Drug-induced thrombocytopenia: Focus on platelet apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 284:1-11. [PMID: 29410286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is a serious and potentially fatal complication of drug therapy that results either from a decrease in bone marrow platelet production or the excessive destruction of circulating platelets. Although multiple mechanisms are responsible for deregulated platelet clearance, the role of programmed platelet death (apoptosis) in drug-induced thrombocytopenia has been relatively under-investigated until recently. Here we review apoptotic signaling pathways in platelets, with a focus on current data that provide mechanistic insights into drug-induced apoptosis and thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoli De Silva
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hugh Kim
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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42
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Jagadish S, Hemshekhar M, NaveenKumar SK, Sharath Kumar KS, Sundaram MS, Basappa, Girish KS, Rangappa KS. Novel oxolane derivative DMTD mitigates high glucose-induced erythrocyte apoptosis by regulating oxidative stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 334:167-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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43
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Lyu L, Yao J, Gao G, Long C, Hei F, Ji B, Liu J, Yu K, Hu Q, Hu J. Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Hyperbilirubinemia in Adult Cardiac Patients Supported by Veno-Arterial ECMO. Artif Organs 2017; 42:148-154. [PMID: 28877352 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of hyperbilirubinemia in cardiac patients with veno-arterial (VA) ECMO. Data on 89 adult patients with cardiac diseases who received VA ECMO implantation in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were divided into the following three groups: 24 in normal group (N, total bilirubin [TBIL] ≤3 mg/dL), 30 in high bilirubin group (HB, 6 mg/dL ≥ TBIL > 3 mg/dL), and 35 in severe high bilirubin group (SHB, TBIL > 6 mg/dL). lg(variables + 1) was performed for nonnormally distributed variables. The incidence of hyperbilirubinemia (>3 mg/dL) was 73%. In a multiple linear regression analysis, lg(peak TBIL + 1) was significantly associated with lg(peak AST + 1) (b-coefficient 0.188, P = 0.001), lg(peak pFHb + 1) (b-coefficient 0.201, P = 0.003), and basic TBIL (b-coefficient 0.006, P = 0.009). Repeated measurement analysis of variance revealed that the main effect for three groups in pFHb and lg(AST + 1) was significant at first 3 days during ECMO. The patients in SHB had low platelets during ECMO and low in-hospital survival rate. Hyperbilirubinemia remains common in patients with VA ECMO and is associated with low platelets and high in-hospital mortality. Hemolysis and liver dysfunction during ECMO and basic high bilirubin levels are risk factors of hyperbilirubinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lyu
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxin Yao
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Gao
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cun Long
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feilong Hei
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bingyang Ji
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxiao Hu
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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NaveenKumar SK, Hemshekhar M, Sundaram MS, Kemparaju K, Girish KS. Cell-free methemoglobin drives platelets to apoptosis via mitochondrial ROS-mediated activation of JNK and p38 MAP kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:183-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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45
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Kundur AR, Santhakumar AB, Bulmer AC, Singh I. Mildly elevated unconjugated bilirubin is associated with reduced platelet activation-related thrombogenesis and inflammation in Gilbert’s syndrome. Platelets 2017; 28:779-785. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1280146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avinash R. Kundur
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Abishek B. Santhakumar
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew C. Bulmer
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Indu Singh
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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46
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Xiao H, Zhang Q, Peng Y, Tang G, Liao Y, Zhuang X, Ye WC, Wang Y, Shi L. 7-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-4E-hepten-3-one alleviates Aβ1-42 induced cytotoxicity through PI3K-mTOR pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:365-371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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47
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Wu X, Yao Z, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Cao M, Li T, Ding W, Liu Y, Deng R, Dong Z, Chen H, Novakovic VA, Bi Y, Kou J, Tian Y, Zhou J, Shi J. Phosphatidylserine on blood cells and endothelial cells contributes to the hypercoagulable state in cirrhosis. Liver Int 2016; 36:1800-1810. [PMID: 27206310 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The mechanism of thrombogenicity in cirrhosis is largely unknown. Our objective was to study the relationship between phosphatidylserine on blood cells and endothelial cells and the hypercoagulable state in cirrhotic patients. METHODS Patients with cirrhosis and healthy controls were studied. Lactadherin was used to quantify phosphatidylserine exposure on blood cells and endothelial cells. Procoagulant activity of cells was evaluated using clotting time and purified coagulation complex assays. Fibrin production was determined by turbidity. Phosphatidylserine exposure, fibrin strands and FVa/Xa binding on cells were observed using confocal microscopy. RESULTS Our study showed that phosphatidylserine exposure on erythrocytes, platelets and leucocytes in cirrhotic patients increased progressively with Child-Pugh categories. In addition, we found that endothelial cells treated with cirrhotic serum in vitro exposed more phosphatidylserine than those exposed to healthy serum. The exposed phosphatidylserine supported a shorter coagulation time and increased FXa, thrombin and fibrin formation. Notably, phosphatidylserine+ erythrocytes also promoted shorter coagulation times and more fibrin generation in cirrhotic microparticle-depleted plasma, regardless of Child-Pugh categories. Confocal microscopy data showed that the FVa/FXa complex and fibrin fibrils colocalized with phosphatidylserine on endothelial cells. Lactadherin significantly inhibited FXa and thrombin generation and consequently decreased fibrin production in normal or cirrhotic plasma. CONCLUSIONS These results lead us to believe that exposed phosphatidylserine on activated or injured erythrocytes, platelets, leucocytes and endothelial cells plays an important role in the hypercoagulable state in cirrhotic patients. Thus, blocking phosphatidylserine binding sites might be a new therapeutic target for preventing thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wu
- Departments of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhipeng Yao
- Departments of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Departments of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Departments of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Muhua Cao
- Departments of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Li
- Departments of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbo Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Departments of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruijuan Deng
- Departments of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zengxiang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - He Chen
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Valerie A Novakovic
- Department of Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yayan Bi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Junjie Kou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Departments of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jialan Shi
- Departments of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Sarlak H, Arslan E, Cakar M, Tanriseven M, Ozenc S, Akhan M, Bulucu F. Relation between unconjugated bilirubin and RDW, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio in Gilbert's syndrome. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1392. [PMID: 27610311 PMCID: PMC4993745 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) plays a protective role in coronary artery disease. Red cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are inflammatory biomarkers and higher levels are related to atherosclerosis and adverse cardiovascular events. Aim We aimed to investigate the relation between UCB levels and RDW, NLR, PLR in people with Gilbert’s syndrome (GS).
Materials and methods We selected 2166 subjects (1082 with GS and 1084 healthy controls) from a database having 33,695 people. RDW, NLR and PLR were investigated in the subjects with GS and compared with the healthy controls. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relation between variables. Results NLR and PLR were higher in the subjects with GS compared to the controls (p < 0.001). RDW was similar in both groups (p = 0.318). UCB was negatively correlated with lymphocyte counts (p = 0.040), and positively correlated with RDW (p < 0.001) and PLR (p = 0.037) in the subjects with GS. There was no significant correlation between UCB and NLR (p = 0.078). RDW (p < 0.001) and lymphocyte counts (p = 0.030) were significantly associated with UCB levels in the regression analysis conducted in the subjects with GS. Conclusion There is a negative association between UCB and NLR, PLR due to low amounts of lymphocyte counts, which causes increased risk of CVD. These results suggest that the cardio-protective effect of UCB is due to both anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory ways indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Sarlak
- Internal Medicine Service, Diyarbakır Military Hospital, Seref Inaloz Street, Yenisehir, 21100 Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Erol Arslan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cakar
- Department of Rheumatology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Tanriseven
- General Surgery Service, Diyarbakır Military Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Salim Ozenc
- Family Medicine Service, Diyarbakır Military Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Muharrem Akhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Bulucu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
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Tao S, Luo Y, Bin He, Liu J, Qian X, Ni Y, Zhao R. Paraoxonase 2 modulates a proapoptotic function in LS174T cells in response to quorum sensing molecule N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28778. [PMID: 27364593 PMCID: PMC4929476 DOI: 10.1038/srep28778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A mucus layer coats the gastrointestinal tract and serves as the first line of intestinal defense against infection. N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum-sensing molecules produced by gram-negative bacteria in the gut can influence the homeostasis of intestinal epithelium. In this study, we investigated the effects of two representative long- and short-chain AHLs, N-3-(oxododecanoyl)-homoserine lactone (C12-HSL) and N-butyryl homoserine lactone (C4-HSL), on cell viability and mucus secretion in LS174T cells. C12-HSL but not C4-HSL significantly decreased cell viability by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and activating cell apoptosis which led to a decrease in mucin expression. Pretreatment with lipid raft disruptor (Methyl-β-cyclodextrin, MβCD) and oxidative stress inhibitor (N-acetyl-L-cysteine, NAC) slightly rescued the viability of cells damaged by C12-HSL exposure, while the paraoxonase 2 (PON2) inhibitor (Triazolo[4,3-a]quinolone, TQ416) significantly affected recovering cells viability and mucin secretion. When LS174T cells were treated with C12-HSL and TQ416 simultaneously, TQ416 showed the maximal positive effect on cells viability. However, if cells were first treated with C12-HSL for 40 mins, and then TQ46 was added, the TQ416 had no effect on cell viability. These results suggest that the C12-HSL-acid process acts at an early step to activate apoptosis as part of C12-HSL’s effect on intestinal mucus barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology &Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanwen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology &Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology &Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology &Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Qian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT 05452, USA
| | - Yingdong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology &Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology &Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Platelet protective efficacy of 3,4,5 trisubstituted isoxazole analogue by inhibiting ROS-mediated apoptosis and platelet aggregation. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 414:137-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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