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Wang CH, Chang HK, Chen KJ, Huang DH, Chang CJ, Huang KH, Chiu YD, Horie M. Facile Photoresponsive Actuators Based on Ferrocene-Doped Poly(butyl methacrylate). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:38846-38856. [PMID: 37537978 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents facile photoresponsive actuators comprising ferrocene as a guest chromophore and poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) as a host matrix. The ferrocene-doped PBMA film exhibits mechanical expansion and contraction when a 445 nm laser is turned on and off, respectively. The photoresponsive film is attached by a commercially available acetylcellulose adhesive tape, which exhibits a bending motion that is controlled by turning the laser on and off. Thereafter, the double-layer film is employed to fabricate a table-shaped lifting machine (0.7 mg) that lifts a 10.5 mg object up and down by turning the laser on and off, respectively, and the mechanical force offered by the double-layer film is recorded. Additionally, the film is coated with gold and applied to an electric circuit that serves as a reversible photoresponsive switch. This film preparation technique is applied to other chromophores (e.g., Coumarin 343, Rhodamine 6G, Sudan Blue II, and Solvent Green 3) to independently control the motions of the films with 445, 520, and 655 nm lasers. The ferrocene-containing films also exhibit photoinduced healing from mechanical damage. Finally, the photoirradiation-accompanied morphological changes in the film are observed via small-angle X-ray scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsien Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Kai Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jen Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Dao-Hong Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Ju Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yao-De Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Masaki Horie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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2
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Sauter D, Schröter M, Frey C, Weber C, Mersdorf U, Janiesch JW, Platzman I, Spatz JP. Artificial Cytoskeleton Assembly for Synthetic Cell Motility. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200437. [PMID: 36459417 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Imitation of cellular processes in cell-like compartments is a current research focus in synthetic biology. Here, a method is introduced for assembling an artificial cytoskeleton in a synthetic cell model system based on a poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) composite material. Toward this end, a PNIPAM-based composite material inside water-in-oil droplets that are stabilized with PNIPAM-functionalized and commercial fluorosurfactants is introduced. The temperature-mediated contraction/release behavior of the PNIPAM-based cytoskeleton is investigated. The reversibility of the PNIPAM transition is further examined in bulk and in droplets and it could be shown that hydrogel induced deformation could be used to controllably manipulate droplet-based synthetic cell motility upon temperature changes. It is envisioned that a combination of the presented artificial cytoskeleton with naturally occurring components might expand the bandwidth of the bottom-up synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Sauter
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schröter
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Frey
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Weber
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Mersdorf
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Willi Janiesch
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilia Platzman
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck-Bristol Center for Minimal Biology, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck-Bristol Center for Minimal Biology, University of Bristol, 1 Tankard's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
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Jiang J, Xu S, Ma H, Li C, Huang Z. Photoresponsive hydrogel-based soft robot: A review. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100657. [PMID: 37229213 PMCID: PMC10205512 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft robots have received a lot of attention because of their great human-robot interaction and environmental adaptability. Most soft robots are currently limited in their applications due to wired drives. Photoresponsive soft robotics is one of the most effective ways to promote wireless soft drives. Among the many soft robotics materials, photoresponsive hydrogels have received a lot of attention due to their good biocompatibility, ductility, and excellent photoresponse properties. This paper visualizes and analyzes the research hotspots in the field of hydrogels using the literature analysis tool Citespace, demonstrating that photoresponsive hydrogel technology is currently a key research direction. Therefore, this paper summarizes the current state of research on photoresponsive hydrogels in terms of photochemical and photothermal response mechanisms. The progress of the application of photoresponsive hydrogels in soft robots is highlighted based on bilayer, gradient, orientation, and patterned structures. Finally, the main factors influencing its application at this stage are discussed, including the development directions and insights. Advancement in photoresponsive hydrogel technology is crucial for its application in the field of soft robotics. The advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods and structures should be considered in different application scenarios to select the best design scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Shuainan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hongyuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China
- Harbin Branch of Taili Communication Technology Limited, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Changpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, PR China
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Saadli M, Braunmiller DL, Mourran A, Crassous JJ. Thermally and Magnetically Programmable Hydrogel Microactuators. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207035. [PMID: 36683216 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development in micro-machinery enabled the investigation of smart materials that can embody fast response, programmable actuation, and flexibility to perform mechanical work. Soft magnetic actuators represent an interesting platform toward combining those properties. This study focuses on the synthesis of micro-actuators that respond to thermal and magnetic stimuli using micro-molding with a soft template as a fabrication technique. These microsystems consist of a hydrogel matrix loaded with anisotropic magnetic nanospindles. When a homogeneous magnetic field is applied, the nanospindles initially dispersed in monomer solution, align and assemble into dipolar chains. The ensuing UV-polymerization creates a network and conveniently arrests these nanostructures. Consequently, the magnetic dipole moment is coplanar with the microgel. Varying the shape, volume, and composition of the micro-actuators during synthesis provides a temperature-dependent control over the magnetic response and the polarizability. Beyond isotropic swelling, shaping the hydrogel as long thin ribbons with a passive layer on one side allows for differential swelling leading to bending and twisting deformations, for example, 2D- or 3D-spiral. These deformations involve a reversible amplification of the magnetic response and orientation of the hydrogels under magnetic field. Temperature control herewith determines the conformation and simultaneously the magnetic response of the micro-actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Saadli
- Institute of Physical Chemistry IPC, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dominik L Braunmiller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry IPC, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ahmed Mourran
- DWI - Leibniz-Institut für Interaktive Materialien e.V, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jérôme J Crassous
- Institute of Physical Chemistry IPC, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Li M, Mei J, Friend J, Bae J. Acousto-Photolithography for Programmable Shape Deformation of Composite Hydrogel Sheets. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204288. [PMID: 36216774 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive hydrogels with programmable shapes produced by defined patterns of particles are of great interest for the fabrication of small-scale soft actuators and robots. Patterning the particles in the hydrogels during fabrication generally requires external magnetic or electric fields, thus limiting the material choice for the particles. Acoustically driven particle manipulation, however, solely depends on the acoustic impedance difference between the particles and the surrounding fluid, making it a more versatile method to spatially control particles. Here, an approach is reported by combining direct acoustic force to align photothermal particles and photolithography to spatially immobilize these alignments within a temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel to trigger shape deformation under temperature change and light exposure. The spatial distribution of particles can be tuned by the power and frequency of the acoustic waves. Specifically, changing the spacing between the particle patterns and position alters the bending curvature and direction of this composite hydrogel sheet, respectively. Moreover, the orientation (i.e., relative angle) of the particle alignments with respect to the long axis of laser-cut hydrogel strips governs the bending behaviors and the subsequent shape deformation by external stimuli. This acousto-photolithography provides a means of spatiotemporal programming of the internal heterogeneity of composite polymeric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jiyang Mei
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - James Friend
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jinhye Bae
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Ansari MJ, Rajendran RR, Mohanto S, Agarwal U, Panda K, Dhotre K, Manne R, Deepak A, Zafar A, Yasir M, Pramanik S. Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide)-Based Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: A Review of the State-of-the-Art. Gels 2022; 8:454. [PMID: 35877539 PMCID: PMC9323937 DOI: 10.3390/gels8070454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A prominent research topic in contemporary advanced functional materials science is the production of smart materials based on polymers that may independently adjust their physical and/or chemical characteristics when subjected to external stimuli. Smart hydrogels based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) demonstrate distinct thermoresponsive features close to a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) that enhance their capability in various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound dressings. Nevertheless, they have intrinsic shortcomings such as poor mechanical properties, limited loading capacity of actives, and poor biodegradability. Formulation of PNIPAM with diverse functional constituents to develop hydrogel composites is an efficient scheme to overcome these defects, which can significantly help for practicable application. This review reports on the latest developments in functional PNIPAM-based smart hydrogels for various biomedical applications. The first section describes the properties of PNIPAM-based hydrogels, followed by potential applications in diverse fields. Ultimately, this review summarizes the challenges and opportunities in this emerging area of research and development concerning this fascinating polymer-based system deep-rooted in chemistry and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul R. Rajendran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, 19 Memorial Drive West, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA;
| | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College and Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India;
| | - Unnati Agarwal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi, Grand Trunk Road, Phagwara 144001, Punjab, India;
| | - Kingshuk Panda
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Vellore Institute of Technology, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India;
| | - Kishore Dhotre
- I.C.M.R.—National Institute of Virology, Pune 411021, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Ravi Manne
- Chemtex Environmental Lab, Quality Control and Assurance Department, 3082 25th Street, Port Arthur, TX 77642, USA;
| | - A. Deepak
- Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600124, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Ameeduzzafar Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; or
| | - Mohd Yasir
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Arsi University, Asella 396, Ethiopia;
| | - Sheersha Pramanik
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
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Lee C, Park JH, Kim M, Kim JS, Shim TS. Fabrication of a tunable photothermal actuator via in situ oxidative polymerization of polydopamine nanoparticles in hydrogel bilayers. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4604-4612. [PMID: 35696834 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00420h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photothermally triggered actuation enables the remote and local control of a material. The complex actuation can be achieved by controlling the photothermal efficiency of the material, which is crucial for the development of soft actuators. In this study, the photothermal efficiency of a hydrogel bilayer actuator consisting of a passive agarose/alginate double-network hydrogel layer and an active poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) layer was controlled via in situ oxidative polymerization of polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs). Highly concentrated PDA NPs were successfully incorporated into the hydrogel bilayer without interrupting or weakening the polymer network during polymerization. The photothermal efficiency of the actuator was controlled using the number of polymerization cycles. Upon light irradiation, the heat generated by the photothermal effect of PDA NPs caused the shrinkage of the PNIPAm layer, resulting in the shape-morphing of the bilayer. The broad light absorption properties of PDA NPs allowed the bilayer to actuate under sunlight or visible light. Finally, we demonstrated controlled photothermal actuation using a pinwheel-shaped actuator consisting of four panels with different photothermal efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaewon Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Hyeok Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Sik Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Soup Shim
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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Li J, Xin M, Ma Z, Shi Y, Pan L. Nanomaterials and their applications on bio-inspired wearable electronics. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:472002. [PMID: 33592596 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abe6c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronics featuring conformal attachment, sensitive perception and intellectual signal processing have made significant progress in recent years. However, when compared with living organisms, artificial sensory devices showed undeniable bulky shape, poor adaptability, and large energy consumption. To make up for the deficiencies, biological examples provide inspirations of novel designs and practical applications. In the field of biomimetics, nanomaterials from nanoparticles to layered two-dimensional materials are actively involved due to their outstanding physicochemical properties and nanoscale configurability. This review focuses on nanomaterials related to wearable electronics through bioinspired approaches on three different levels, interfacial packaging, sensory structure, and signal processing, which comprehensively guided recent progress of wearable devices in leveraging both nanomaterial superiorities and biorealistic functionalities. In addition, opinions on potential development trend are proposed aiming at implementing bioinspired electronics in multifunctional portable sensors, health monitoring, and intelligent prosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiean Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Xin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijia Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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Venkatachalam D, Kaliappa S. Superabsorbent polymers: A state-of-art review on their classification, synthesis, physicochemical properties, and applications. REV CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2020-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) and modified natural polymer hydrogels are widely and increasingly used in agriculture, health care textiles, effluent treatment, drug delivery, tissue engineering, civil concrete structure, etc. However, not many comprehensive reviews are available on this class of novel polymers. A review covering all the viable applications of SAP will be highly useful for researchers, industry persons, and medical, healthcare, and agricultural purposes. Hence, an attempt has been made to review SAPs with reference to their classifications, synthesis, modification by crosslinking, and physicochemical characterization such as morphology, swellability, thermal and mechanical properties, lifetime prediction, thermodynamics of swelling, absorption, release and transport kinetics, quantification of hydrophilic groups, etc. Besides, the possible methods of fine-tuning their structures for improving their absorption capacity, fast absorption kinetics, mechanical strength, controlled release features, etc. were also addressed to widen their uses. This review has also highlighted the biodegradability, commercial viability and market potential of SAPs, SAP composites, the feasibility of using biomass as raw materials for SAP production, etc. The challenges and future prospects of SAP, their safety, and environmental issues are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanapal Venkatachalam
- Department of Chemistry , Bannari Amman Institute of Technology , Sathyamangalam , 638 401 , Erode Dt , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Subramanian Kaliappa
- Biopolymer and Biomaterial Synthesis and Analytical Testing Lab, Department of Biotechnology , Bannari Amman Institute of Technology , Sathyamangalam , 638 401 , Erode Dt , Tamil Nadu , India
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Alsaid Y, Wu S, Wu D, Du Y, Shi L, Khodambashi R, Rico R, Hua M, Yan Y, Zhao Y, Aukes D, He X. Tunable Sponge-Like Hierarchically Porous Hydrogels with Simultaneously Enhanced Diffusivity and Mechanical Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008235. [PMID: 33829563 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Crosslinked polymers and gels are important in soft robotics, solar vapor generation, energy storage, drug delivery, catalysis, and biosensing. However, their attractive mass transport and volume-changing abilities are diffusion-limited, requiring miniaturization to avoid slow response. Typical approaches to improving diffusion in hydrogels sacrifice mechanical properties by increasing porosity or limit the total volumetric flux by directionally confining the pores. Despite tremendous efforts, simultaneous enhancement of diffusion and mechanical properties remains a long-standing challenge hindering broader practical applications of hydrogels. In this work, cononsolvency photopolymerization is developed as a universal approach to overcome this swelling-mechanical property trade-off. The as-synthesized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel, as an exemplary system, presents a unique open porous network with continuous microchannels, leading to record-high volumetric (de)swelling speeds, almost an order of magnitude higher than reported previously. This swelling enhancement comes with a simultaneous improvement in Young's modulus and toughness over conventional hydrogels fabricated in pure solvents. The resulting fast mass transport enables in-air operation of the hydrogel via rapid water replenishment and ultrafast actuation. The method is compatible with 3D printing. The generalizability is demonstrated by extending the technique to poly(N-tertbutylacrylamide-co-polyacrylamide) and polyacrylamide hydrogels, non-temperature-responsive polymer systems, validating the present hypothesis that cononsolvency is a generic phenomenon driven by competitive adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousif Alsaid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90 095, USA
| | - Shuwang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90 095, USA
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90 095, USA
| | - Yingjie Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90 095, USA
| | - Lingxia Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90 095, USA
| | - Roozbeh Khodambashi
- The Polytechnic School, Fulton School of Engineering, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ, 85 212, USA
| | - Rossana Rico
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90 095, USA
| | - Mutian Hua
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90 095, USA
| | - Yichen Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90 095, USA
| | - Yusen Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90 095, USA
| | - Daniel Aukes
- The Polytechnic School, Fulton School of Engineering, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ, 85 212, USA
| | - Ximin He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90 095, USA
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11
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Jiang Y, Wang N, Zhuo S, He Q, Ma Z, Liu M, Zhang D. Hydrodynamic pressure sensors with tunable sensitivity based on thermoresponsive hydrogels. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Jiang
- Institute of Bionic and Micro‐Nano Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Ningkang Wang
- Institute of Bionic and Micro‐Nano Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Shuyun Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Qipei He
- Institute of Bionic and Micro‐Nano Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Institute of Bionic and Micro‐Nano Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Deyuan Zhang
- Institute of Bionic and Micro‐Nano Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Beihang University Beijing China
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Chen Y, Yang J, Zhang X, Feng Y, Zeng H, Wang L, Feng W. Light-driven bimorph soft actuators: design, fabrication, and properties. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:728-757. [PMID: 34821314 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01406k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Soft robots that can move like living organisms and adapt to their surroundings are currently in the limelight from fundamental studies to technological applications, due to their advances in material flexibility, human-friendly interaction, and biological adaptation that surpass conventional rigid machines. Light-fueled smart actuators based on responsive soft materials are considered to be one of the most promising candidates to promote the field of untethered soft robotics, thereby attracting considerable attention amongst materials scientists and microroboticists to investigate photomechanics, photoswitch, bioinspired design, and actuation realization. In this review, we discuss the recent state-of-the-art advances in light-driven bimorph soft actuators, with the focus on bilayer strategy, i.e., integration between photoactive and passive layers within a single material system. Bilayer structures can endow soft actuators with unprecedented features such as ultrasensitivity, programmability, superior compatibility, robustness, and sophistication in controllability. We begin with an explanation about the working principle of bimorph soft actuators and introduction of a synthesis pathway toward light-responsive materials for soft robotics. Then, photothermal and photochemical bimorph soft actuators are sequentially introduced, with an emphasis on the design strategy, actuation performance, underlying mechanism, and emerging applications. Finally, this review is concluded with a perspective on the existing challenges and future opportunities in this nascent research Frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
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13
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Nam EJ, Kwon Y, Ha Y, Paik SR. Fabrication of a Dual Stimuli-Responsive Assorted Film Comprising Magnetic- and Gold-Nanoparticles with a Self-Assembly Protein of α-Synuclein. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1863-1875. [PMID: 35014532 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Development of sensing elements for controllable soft materials is crucial to improve their responsiveness toward remotely provided external stimuli. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been coassembled into a flexible free-floating 2D film to produce a shape deformable mobile structure in the presence of magnetic field and light irradiation by employing a self-assembly protein of α-synuclein (αS). αS was demonstrated to be essential for the preparation of a multisensory system because the intrinsically disordered protein led to a complete dispersion of MNPs to an average size of 10 nm in aqueous solution, pH-dependent closely packed single layer adsorption of αS-MNPs, and α-helix-mediated free-floating MNP monolayer film formation upon dissolving the underlying polycarbonate substrate with chloroform. As AuNPs were incorporated into the assorted hybrid film in the presence of MNPs, however, the β-sheet component became prominent. By placing the assorted film between a spin-coated thin layer of thermoresponsive P(AAc-co-NIPAAm) hydrogel comprising acrylic acid and N-isopropylacrylamide and a passive layer of silicone elastomer, the resulting triply structure exhibited not only magnet-induced locomotion but also shape deformation due to asymmetric contraction of the sandwiching two layers caused by the heat generated by AuNPs upon near IR irradiation. In fact, two adjoining planar layers of another triply structure were shown to form a three-dimensional lotus flower with the light. This multisensory system is suggested to be further functionalized by modifying the αS molecules and incorporating additional nanoparticles to react to diverse stimuli, which would make the system be utilized in the areas of not only soft robotics but also foldable electronics, high-performance sensors/actuators, and medical/wearable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Nam
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yeji Kwon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yosub Ha
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung R Paik
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Andrgie AT, Darge HF, Mekonnen TW, Birhan YS, Hanurry EY, Chou HY, Wang CF, Tsai HC, Yang JM, Chang YH. Ibuprofen-Loaded Heparin Modified Thermosensitive Hydrogel for Inhibiting Excessive Inflammation and Promoting Wound Healing. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2619. [PMID: 33172099 PMCID: PMC7694755 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels have been investigated as ideal biomaterials for wound treatment owing to their ability to form a highly moist environment which accelerates cell migration and tissue regeneration for prompt wound healing. They can also be used as a drug carrier for local delivery, and are able to activate immune cells to enhance wound healing. Here, we developed heparin-conjugated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), an injectable, in situ gel-forming polymer, and evaluated its use in wound healing. Ibuprofen was encapsulated into the hydrogel to help reduce pain and excessive inflammation during healing. In addition to in vitro studies, a BALB/c mice model was used to evaluate its effect on would healing and the secretion of inflammatory mediators. The in vitro assay confirmed that the ibuprofen released from the hydrogel dramatically reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by suppressing the production of NO, PGE2 and TNF-α in RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, an in vivo wound healing assay was conducted by applying hydrogels to wounds on the backs of mice. The results showed that the ibuprofen-loaded hydrogel improved healing relative to the phosphate buffered saline group. This study indicates that ibuprofen loaded in an injectable hydrogel is a promising candidate for wound healing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abegaz Tizazu Andrgie
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (A.T.A.); (H.F.D.); (T.W.M.); (Y.S.B.); (E.Y.H.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-F.W.)
| | - Haile Fentahun Darge
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (A.T.A.); (H.F.D.); (T.W.M.); (Y.S.B.); (E.Y.H.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-F.W.)
| | - Tefera Worku Mekonnen
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (A.T.A.); (H.F.D.); (T.W.M.); (Y.S.B.); (E.Y.H.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-F.W.)
| | - Yihenew Simegniew Birhan
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (A.T.A.); (H.F.D.); (T.W.M.); (Y.S.B.); (E.Y.H.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-F.W.)
| | - Endiries Yibru Hanurry
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (A.T.A.); (H.F.D.); (T.W.M.); (Y.S.B.); (E.Y.H.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-F.W.)
| | - Hsiao-Ying Chou
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (A.T.A.); (H.F.D.); (T.W.M.); (Y.S.B.); (E.Y.H.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-F.W.)
| | - Chih-Feng Wang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (A.T.A.); (H.F.D.); (T.W.M.); (Y.S.B.); (E.Y.H.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-F.W.)
- Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsieh-Chih Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (A.T.A.); (H.F.D.); (T.W.M.); (Y.S.B.); (E.Y.H.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-F.W.)
- Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jen Ming Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 320-338, Taiwan;
- Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 320-338, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 320-338, Taiwan;
- Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 320-338, Taiwan
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15
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Kim SH, Woo HC, Kim MH. Solid-phase colorimetric sensing probe for bromide based on a tough hydrogel embedded with silver nanoprisms. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1131:80-89. [PMID: 32928482 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sharp-tipped anisotropic silver (Ag) nanostructures are attracting increasing attention because of their unusual optical properties. However, the sharp tips make such nanostructures thermodynamically unstable; thus, they have been considered unsuitable for use in colorimetric sensing because of their tendency to aggregate or transform in a solution state. In the present study, a colorimetric sensing platform for detecting bromide (Br-) in an aqueous medium was developed. The platform is based on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties of Ag nanoprisms with sharp tips. The key to using such Ag nanocrystals with extreme anisotropic structures is to adopt a solid-phase sensing platform. A Ag-nanoprism-embedded tough hydrogel with interpenetrating polymer networks was synthesized via aqueous-phase polymerization and crosslinking processes. The Ag nanoprisms immobilized inside the hydrogel were stable and did not exhibit aggregation or degradation over time; specifically, when the hydrogel was dried, the nanoprisms retained their inherent LSPR properties for an extended period. By taking advantage of the rapid and spontaneous morphological transformation of Ag nanoprisms inside the hybrid hydrogel exposed to Br- and the corresponding changes in their LSPR properties, we designed a plasmonic sensing platform for the sensitive and selective detection of Br- in an aqueous medium. The proposed colorimetric sensing platform was found to exhibit a wide sensing range and high selectivity, with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 10 μM, and offers substantial advantages over previously developed systems; specifically, it is portable, eco-friendly, safe to use and handle, stable for extended periods, and enables naked-eye detection. We believe that the as-proposed sensing platform can be used as a point-of-care analytical tool for detecting Br- in a broad range of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Heon Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Chul Woo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Ho Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Ti 3C 2T x MXene-Based Light-Responsive Hydrogel Composite for Bendable Bilayer Photoactuator. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071419. [PMID: 32708124 PMCID: PMC7407751 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Soft actuators based on hydrogel materials, which can convert light energy directly into mechanical energy, are of the utmost importance, especially with enhancements in device development. However, the hunt for specific photothermal nanomaterials with distinct performance remains challenging. In this study, we successfully fabricated a bilayer hydrogel actuator consisting of an active photothermal layer from incorporated Ti3C2Tx MXene in poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) p(NIPAm)hydrogel structure and a passive layer from the N-(2-hydroxylethylpropyl)acrylamide (HEAA) hydrogel structure. The uniform and effective incorporation of MXene into the NIPAm hydrogel structures were characterized by a battery of techniques. The light responsive swelling properties of the MXene-embedded NIPAm-based hydrogel demonstrated fully reversible and repeatable behavior in the light on–off regime for up to ten consecutive cycles. The effect of MXene loading, the shape of the actuator, and the light source effects on the bilayer NIPAm-HEAA hydrogel structure were investigated. The bilayer hydrogel with MXene loading of 0.3% in the NIPAm hydrogel exhibited a 200% change of the bending angle in terms of its bidirectional shape/volume after 100 s exposure to white light at an intensity of 70 mW cm−2. Additionally, the bending behavior under real sunlight was evaluated, showing the material’s potential applicability in practical environments.
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17
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a serious threat to human health, which are characterized by high disability and mortality rate globally such as myocardial infarction (MI), atherosclerosis, and heart failure. Although stem cells transplantation and growth factors therapy are promising, their low survival rate and loss at the site of injury are major obstacles to this therapy. Recently, the development of hydrogel scaffold materials provides a new way to solve this problem, which have shown the potential to treat CVD. Among these scaffold materials, environmentally responsive hydrogels have great prospects in repairing the microenvironment of cardiovascular tissues and vascular regeneration. They provide a new method for the treatment of cardiovascular tissue repair and space-time control for the release of various therapeutic drugs, including small-molecule drugs, growth factors, and stem cells. Herein, this article reviews the occurrence and current treatment of CVD, as well as the repair of cardiovascular injury by several environmental responsive hydrogels systems currently used, mainly focusing on the delivery of growth factors or the application of cell therapy to revascularization. In addition, we will also discuss the enormous potential and personal perspectives of environmentally responsive hydrogels in cardiovascular repair.
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18
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Li M, Bae J. Tunable swelling and deswelling of temperature- and light-responsive graphene oxide-poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) composite hydrogels. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01934k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Swelling and deswelling behaviors of graphene oxide-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) composite hydrogels can be tuned by the concentrations of a chemical crosslinker and graphene oxide, and the rate of the external temperature change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Jinhye Bae
- Materials Science and Engineering Program
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
- Department of NanoEngineering
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19
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Xu H, Xu X, Xu J, Dai S, Dong X, Han F, Yuan N, Ding J. An ultra-large deformation bidirectional actuator based on a carbon nanotube/PDMS composite and a chitosan film. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:7558-7565. [PMID: 31724692 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01841g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Actuating materials can convert external stimuli (humidity, light, electricity, etc.) into mechanical energy and realize multiple forms of movements. However, a majority of current actuating materials are driven by a single stimulus with a small degree of actuation and rough control which is unfavorable for practical applications. Here, a new type of bidirectional actuating material based on carbon nanotube/PDMS composites and chitosan films is proposed. Thanks to the robust mechanical support by PDMS, due to the ultra-large water capacity in between chitosan chains and strong near-infrared light absorption by carbon nanotube layers, the actuator can be driven by humidity and light for an ultra-large actuation curvature (3.91 cm-1 in humidity actuation, 3.84 cm-1 in light actuation). The well-established light power-curvature, relative humidity-curvature profiles and a fine mechanic modelling of the actuator show the possibility of controlling the actuator's bending. A lab application as a cargo-moving device preliminarily demonstrates a robust mechanical functionality of this actuator with a low body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Solar Cell Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China. and School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China.
| | - Xiuzhu Xu
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Shengping Dai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Solar Cell Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Xu Dong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Solar Cell Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Feng Han
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China.
| | - Ningyi Yuan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Solar Cell Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Jianning Ding
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Solar Cell Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China. and Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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20
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Statistical Modeling of Photo-Bending Actuation of Hybrid Silicones Mixed with Azobenzene Powder. ACTUATORS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/act8040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically responsive materials are promising as next-generation actuators for soft robotics, but have scarce reports on the statistical modeling of the actuation behavior. This research reports on the development and modeling of the photomechanical bending behavior of hybrid silicones mixed with azobenzene powder. The photo-responsive hybrid silicone bends away from the light source upon light irradiation when a thin paper is attached on the hybrid silicone. The time courses of bending behaviors were fitted well with exponential models with a time variable, affording fitting constants at each experimental condition. These fitted parameters were further modeled using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Cubic models were proposed for both the photo-bending and unbending processes, which were parameterized by the powder ratio and the light intensity. This modeling process allows such photo-responsive materials to be controlled as actuators, and will possibly be effective for engineering mechanically responsive materials.
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21
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Guo S, Lei R, Liang X, Liu J, Liu X, Gao S, Peng X, Bian S, Chen Y, Jin Y, Cai S, Liu Z, Feng J. Synergy of Single-ion Conductive and Thermo-responsive Copolymer Hydrogels Achieving Anti-Arrhenius Ionic Conductivity. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1404-1408. [PMID: 30844121 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence sensations have aroused scientific interest from electronic conductors to bio-inspired ionic conductors. The conductivity of electrons decreases with increasing temperature, while the ionic conductivity agrees with an Arrhenius equation or a modified Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher (VTF) equation. Herein, thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropyl amide) (PNIPAm) and single-ion-conducting poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic lithium salt) (PAMPSLi) were copolymerized via a facile radical polymerization to demonstrate a very intriguing anti-Arrhenius ionic conductivity behaviour during thermally induced volume-phase transition. These smart hydrogels presented very promising scaffolds for architecting flexible, wearable or advanced functional ionic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Rongyuan Lei
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- State key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jiyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Shuyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Xianghong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Shilong Bian
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yangwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yi Jin
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Shaojun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Jiwen Feng
- State key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
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22
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Liu J, Erol O, Pantula A, Liu W, Jiang Z, Kobayashi K, Chatterjee D, Hibino N, Romer LH, Kang SH, Nguyen TD, Gracias DH. Dual-Gel 4D Printing of Bioinspired Tubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:8492-8498. [PMID: 30694051 PMCID: PMC6785027 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of periodic patterns of materials with radial or bilateral symmetry is a universal natural design principle. Among the many biological forms, tubular shapes are a common motif in many organisms, and they are also important for bioimplants and soft robots. However, the simple design principle of strategic placement of 3D printed segments of swelling and nonswelling materials to achieve widely different functionalities is yet to be demonstrated. Here, we report the design, fabrication, and characterization of segmented 3D printed gel tubes composed of an active thermally responsive swelling gel (poly N-isopropylacrylamide) and a passive thermally nonresponsive gel (polyacrylamide). Using finite element simulations and experiments, we report a variety of shape changes including uniaxial elongation, radial expansion, bending, and gripping based on two gels. Actualization and characterization of thermally induced shape changes are of key importance to robotics and biomedical engineering. Our studies present rational approaches to engineer complex parameters with a high level of customization and tunability for additive manufacturing of dynamic gel structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins
University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Ozan Erol
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins
University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute, 3400 N Charles Street,
Baltimore,Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering,
Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21218,
USA
| | - Aishwarya Pantula
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering,
Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21218,
USA
| | - Wangqu Liu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering,
Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21218,
USA
| | - Zhuoran Jiang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering,
Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21218,
USA
| | - Kunihiko Kobayashi
- JSR Corporation, 1-9-2, Higashi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo
105-8640, Japan
| | - Devina Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering,
Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21218,
USA
| | - Narutoshi Hibino
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, 1800
Orleans Street, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Lewis H. Romer
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine,
Cell Biology, Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans
Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Biomedical Engineering and the Center for Cell Dynamics,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD
21287, USA
| | - Sung Hoon Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins
University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute, 3400 N Charles Street,
Baltimore,Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University,
3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Thao D. Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins
University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute, 3400 N Charles Street,
Baltimore,Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - David H. Gracias
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering,
Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21218,
USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns
Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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23
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Liu Q, Li H, Lam KY. Modeling of a fast-response magnetic-sensitive hydrogel for dynamic control of microfluidic flow. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:1852-1862. [PMID: 30629060 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06556j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A magnetic-sensitive hydrogel-based microfluidic system is designed via a magneto-chemo-hydro-mechanical model for replicating various physiological and pathological conditions in the human body, by which the desired flow patterns can be generated in real time due to the fast-response deformation of the magnetic hydrogel. In the model, the fluid-structure interaction is characterized between the deformable magnetic hydrogel and surrounding fluid flow through the fully coupled arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method. Moreover, the physicochemical mechanisms including hydrogel magnetization, fluid diffusion, fluid flow, and hydrogel large deformation are characterized. After validation of the present model with both the finite difference and experimental results in the open literature, the transient behavior of the magnetic hydrogel is investigated, and the results show that the response time for the magnetic hydrogel is improved significantly in a uniform magnetic field compared with that of a hydrogel without the magnetic effect. Furthermore, various patterns of pulsatile flow are generated for mimicking the cell physiological microenvironment experienced by bone marrow stromal cells, and also for the pathological condition at the femoral artery during diastole and systole, respectively. Therefore, the present magnetic-sensitive hydrogel-based microfluidic system via the multiphysics model may provide a relevant humanized manipulation platform to investigate cell behavior and function through microfluidic chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimin Liu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore.
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24
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Peng X, Wang H. Shape changing hydrogels and their applications as soft actuators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 People's Republic of China
| | - Huiliang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 People's Republic of China
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Xiao S, Zhang M, He X, Huang L, Zhang Y, Ren B, Zhong M, Chang Y, Yang J, Zheng J. Dual Salt- and Thermoresponsive Programmable Bilayer Hydrogel Actuators with Pseudo-Interpenetrating Double-Network Structures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:21642-21653. [PMID: 29878750 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Development of smart soft actuators is highly important for fundamental research and industrial applications but has proved to be extremely challenging. In this work, we present a facile, one-pot, one-step method to prepare dual-responsive bilayer hydrogels, consisting of a thermoresponsive poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) (polyNIPAM) layer and a salt-responsive poly(3-(1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-1 H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)propane-1-sulfonate) (polyVBIPS) layer. Both polyNIPAM and polyVBIPS layers exhibit a completely opposite swelling/shrinking behavior, where polyNIPAM shrinks (swells) but polyVBIPS swells (shrinks) in salt solution (water) or at high (low) temperatures. By tuning NIPAM:VBIPS ratios, the resulting polyNIPAM/polyVBIPS bilayer hydrogels enable us to achieve fast and large-amplitude bidirectional bending in response to temperatures, salt concentrations, and salt types. Such bidirectional bending, bending orientation, and degree can be reversibly, repeatedly, and precisely controlled by salt- or temperature-induced cooperative swelling-shrinking properties from both layers. Based on their fast, reversible, and bidirectional bending behavior, we further design two conceptual hybrid hydrogel actuators, serving as a six-arm gripper to capture, transport, and release an object and an electrical circuit switch to turn on-and-off a lamp. Different from the conventional two- or multistep methods for preparation of bilayer hydrogels, our simple, one-pot, one-step method and a new bilayer hydrogel system provide an innovative concept to explore new hydrogel-based actuators through combining different responsive materials that allow us to program different stimuli for soft and intelligent materials applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Xiao
- College of Materials Science & Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering , Taizhou University , Jiaojiang 318000 , China
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Xiaomin He
- College of Materials Science & Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Lei Huang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Yanxian Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Baiping Ren
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | | | - Yung Chang
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering , Chung Yuan Christian University , Chung-Li , Taoyuan 320 , Taiwan
| | - Jintao Yang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
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26
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Yang A, Dong X, Liang J, Zhang Y, Yang W, Liu T, Yang J, Kong D, Lv F. Photothermally triggered disassembly of a visible dual fluorescent poly(ethylene glycol)/α-cyclodextrin hydrogel. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:4495-4504. [PMID: 29808187 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00626a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The real-time tracking and adjustment of the disassembly and status of hydrogels in vivo are important challenges to accurate and precise assessment. In this article, a photothermally controllable, visible, dual fluorescent thermosensitive hydrogel was designed and developed based on a porphyrin-poly(ethylene glycol)/IR-820-α-cyclodextrin hydrogel. Due to the photothermal effect and fluorescence emission of IR-820, it can exert the dual functions of photothermal control and fluorescence imaging tracking. The IR-820 conjugated hydrogel can regulate the hydrogel disassembly by the photothermal effect of IR-820. Furthermore, each component of the hydrogel can be tracked by the fluorescence of IR-820 and porphyrin. Fluorescence imaging tracking and remote photothermal control were merged into the visible and controlled hydrogel disassembly after subcutaneous injection using mice as models. The dual fluorescence imaging visualization of cyclodextrin/poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels revealed the disassembly process by tracking each component, and the hydrogel disassembly can be efficiently accelerated under laser irradiation with the photothermal effect of IR-820. This affords an important basis for understanding the disassembly process of the poly(ethylene glycol)/α-cyclodextrin hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afeng Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China.
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27
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Tian H, Wang Z, Chen Y, Shao J, Gao T, Cai S. Polydopamine-Coated Main-Chain Liquid Crystal Elastomer as Optically Driven Artificial Muscle. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:8307-8316. [PMID: 29446620 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optically driven active materials have received much attention because their deformation and motion can be controlled remotely, instantly, and precisely in a contactless way. In this study, we investigated an optically actuated elastomer with rapid response: polydopamine (PDA)-coated liquid crystal elastomer (LCE). Because of the photothermal effect of PDA coating and thermal responsiveness of LCE, the elastomer film contracted significantly with near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. With a fixed strain, light-induced actuating stress in the film could be as large as 1.5 MPa, significantly higher than the maximum stress generated by most mammalian skeletal muscle (0.35 MPa). The PDA-coated LCE films could also bend or roll up by surface scanning of an NIR laser. The response time of the film to light exposure could be as short as 1/10 of a second, comparable to or even faster than that of mammalian skeletal muscle. Using the PDA-coated LCE film, we designed and fabricated a prototype of robotic swimmer that was able to swim near the water-air interface by performing "swimming strokes" through reversible bending and unbending motions induced and controlled by an NIR laser. The results presented in this study clearly demonstrated that PDA-coated LCE is a promising optically driven artificial muscle, which may have great potential for applications of soft robotics and optomechanical coupling devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmiao Tian
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , 28 Xianning Road , Xi'an 710049 , P. R. China
| | | | | | - Jinyou Shao
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , 28 Xianning Road , Xi'an 710049 , P. R. China
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28
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Han D, Lu Z, Chester SA, Lee H. Micro 3D Printing of a Temperature-Responsive Hydrogel Using Projection Micro-Stereolithography. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1963. [PMID: 29386555 PMCID: PMC5792483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive hydrogels exhibiting physical or chemical changes in response to environmental conditions have attracted growing attention for the past few decades. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), a temperature responsive hydrogel, has been extensively studied in various fields of science and engineering. However, manufacturing of PNIPAAm has been heavily relying on conventional methods such as molding and lithography techniques that are inherently limited to a two-dimensional (2D) space. Here we report the three-dimensional (3D) printing of PNIPAAm using a high-resolution digital additive manufacturing technique, projection micro-stereolithography (PμSL). Control of the temperature dependent deformation of 3D printed PNIPAAm is achieved by controlling manufacturing process parameters as well as polymer resin composition. Also demonstrated is a sequential deformation of a 3D printed PNIPAAm structure by selective incorporation of ionic monomer that shifts the swelling transition temperature of PNIPAAm. This fast, high resolution, and scalable 3D printing method for stimuli-responsive hydrogels may enable many new applications in diverse areas, including flexible sensors and actuators, bio-medical devices, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehoon Han
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Zhaocheng Lu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Shawn A Chester
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Howon Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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Mechanically strong Janus poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/graphene oxide hydrogels as thermo-responsive soft robots. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-017-1970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Thermosensitive hydrogel loaded with chitosan-carbon nanotubes for near infrared light triggered drug delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 154:253-262. [PMID: 28347947 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Controlled drug release with on demand is an important challenge for drug delivery. Near-infrared (NIR) light triggered drug delivery reflected the development of a significant strategy to control drug release based on photothermal effects. Herein, a sustained and controlled drug delivery system was developed based on a PCL-PEG-PCL thermosensitive hydrogel combined with chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotubes for a near infrared light triggered drug delivery. Carbon nanotubes that incorporate hydrogel can enhance the sustained effect of drug delivery by a dual-stage release and allow drug delivery by controlling light irradiation. This in situ photothermal process was monitored by thermal imaging and the controlled drug delivery of doxorubicin was tracked in real-time by fluorescence imaging in vivo based on the fluorescence ability of the drug using nude mice as models. The results suggest that the photothermal effect of the carbon nanotubes can disrupt the structure of the hydrogel with a gel-sol transition, triggering the release of the drug from the sustained drug delivery system by NIR irradiation while responding on demand. The sustained and controlled drug delivery has the potential to implement the accurate administration of hydrogel-based drug delivery systems.
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32
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Jeon SJ, Hauser AW, Hayward RC. Shape-Morphing Materials from Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel Hybrids. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:161-169. [PMID: 28181798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The formation of well-defined and functional three-dimensional (3D) structures by buckling of thin sheets subjected to spatially nonuniform stresses is common in biological morphogenesis and has become a subject of great interest in synthetic systems, as such programmable shape-morphing materials hold promise in areas including drug delivery, biomedical devices, soft robotics, and biomimetic systems. Given their ability to undergo large changes in swelling in response to a wide variety of stimuli, hydrogels have naturally emerged as a key type of material in this field. Of particular interest are hybrid systems containing rigid inclusions that can define both the anisotropy and spatial nonuniformity of swelling as well as nanoparticulate additives that can enhance the responsiveness and functionality of the material. In this Account, we discuss recent progress in approaches to achieve well-defined shape morphing in hydrogel hybrids. First, we provide an overview of materials and methods that facilitate fabrication of such systems and outline the geometry and mechanics behind shape morphing of thin sheets. We then discuss how patterning of stiff inclusions within soft responsive hydrogels can be used to program both bending and swelling, thereby providing access to a wide array of complex 3D forms. The use of discretely patterned stiff regions to provide an effective composite response offers distinct advantages in terms of scalability and ease of fabrication compared with approaches based on smooth gradients within a single layer of responsive material. We discuss a number of recent advances wherein control of the mechanical properties and geometric characteristics of patterned stiff elements enables the formation of 3D shapes, including origami-inspired structures, concatenated helical frameworks, and surfaces with nonzero Gaussian curvature. Next, we outline how the inclusion of functional elements such as nanoparticles can enable unique pathways to programmable and even reprogrammable shape-morphing materials. We focus to a large extent on photothermally reprogrammable systems that include one of a variety of additives that serve to efficiently absorb light and convert it into heat, thereby driving the response of a temperature-sensitive hydrogel. Such systems are advantageous in that patterns of light can be defined with very high spatial and temporal resolution in addition to offering the potential for wavelength-selective addressability of multiple different inclusions. We highlight recent advances in the preparation of light-responsive hybrid systems capable of undergoing reprogrammable bending and buckling into well-defined 3D shapes. In addition, we describe several examples where shape tuning of hybrid systems enables control over the motion of responsive hydrogel-based materials. Finally, we offer our perspective on open challenges and future areas of interest for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seog-Jin Jeon
- Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Adam W. Hauser
- Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ryan C. Hayward
- Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Fang Z, Kuang Y, Zhou P, Ming S, Zhu P, Liu Y, Ning H, Chen G. Programmable Shape Recovery Process of Water-Responsive Shape-Memory Poly(vinyl alcohol) by Wettability Contrast Strategy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:5495-5502. [PMID: 28106368 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Water-responsive shape-memory polymers (SMPs) are desirable for biomedical applications, but their limited shape recovery process is problematic. Herein, we demonstrate a shape-memory poly(vinyl alcohol) (SM-PVA) with programmable multistep shape recovery processes in water via a wettability contrast strategy. A hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS)-treated SiO2 nanoparticle layer with varying loading weights was rationally deposited onto the surface of SM-PVA, aiming to create surface-wettability contrast. The varying wettability led to different water adsorption behaviors of SM-PVA that could be well-described by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The results calculated from the kinetic model showed that both the pseudo-first order-adsorption rate constant and the saturated water absorption of SM-PVA demonstrated a declining trend as the loading weight of SiO2 increased, which laid the foundation for the local regulation of the water-responsive rate of SM-PVA. Finally, two proof-of-concept drug-delivery devices with diverse three-dimensional structures and actuations are presented based on the water-responsive SM-PVA with preprogrammed multistep shape recovery processes. We believe the programmable shape-memory behavior of water-responsive SM-PVA could highly extend its use in drug delivery, tissue engineering scaffolds, and smart implantable devices, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yudi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Panpan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Siyi Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Penghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Honglong Ning
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
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Lee E, Kim D, Yang SY, Oh JW, Yoon J. Photo-crosslinkable comb-type copolymers bearing a benzophenone moiety for the enhanced swelling kinetics of hydrogels. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01647f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The fast responding 3D hydrogel object was fabricated using developed photo-crosslinkable copolymers bearing grafted PNIPAm and a benzophenone moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsu Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Dong-A University
- Busan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dowan Kim
- Department of Chemistry Education
- Graduate Department of Chemical Materials
- and Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan
| | - Seung Yun Yang
- Department Biomaterials Science
- Pusan National University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Oh
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhwan Yoon
- Department of Chemistry Education
- Graduate Department of Chemical Materials
- and Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan
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35
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Peng X, Liu T, Jiao C, Wu Y, Chen N, Wang H. Complex shape deformations of homogeneous poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/graphene oxide hydrogels programmed by local NIR irradiation. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:7997-8003. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02119d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The homogeneous PNIPAM/GO hydrogels could undergo complex shape deformations (e.g., imitating the postures of human) under local NIR irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- P. R. China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- P. R. China
| | - Chen Jiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- P. R. China
| | - Nan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- P. R. China
| | - Huiliang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- P. R. China
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36
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Song JE, Cho EC. Dual-responsive and Multi-functional Plasmonic Hydrogel Valves and Biomimetic Architectures Formed with Hydrogel and Gold Nanocolloids. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34622. [PMID: 27703195 PMCID: PMC5050413 DOI: 10.1038/srep34622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a straightforward approach with high moldability for producing dual-responsive and multi-functional plasmonic hydrogel valves and biomimetic architectures that reversibly change volumes and colors in response to temperature and ion variations. Heating of a mixture of hybrid colloids (gold nanoparticles assembled on a hydrogel colloid) and hydrogel colloids rapidly induces (within 30 min) the formation of hydrogel architectures resembling mold shapes (cylinder, fish, butterfly). The biomimetic fish and butterfly display reversible changes in volumes and colors with variations of temperature and ionic conditions in aqueous solutions. The cylindrical plasmonic valves installed in flow tubes rapidly control water flow rate in on-off manner by responding to these stimuli. They also report these changes in terms of their colors. Therefore, the approach presented here might be helpful in developing new class of biomimetic and flow control systems where liquid conditions should be visually notified (e.g., glucose or ion concentration changes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Eun Chul Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
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Li Y, Sun Y, Xiao Y, Gao G, Liu S, Zhang J, Fu J. Electric Field Actuation of Tough Electroactive Hydrogels Cross-Linked by Functional Triblock Copolymer Micelles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:26326-26331. [PMID: 27617830 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiresponsive polyelectrolyte hydrogels with extraordinary toughness have great potential in soft device applications. Previously we have demonstrated a series of tough and multiresponsive hydrogels by using multifunctional triblock copolymer (Pluronic F127 diacrylate, F127DA) micelles to cross-link cationic polyelectrolyte chains into 3D network. Herein, we further synthesize negatively charged hydrogels comprising 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propylsulfonic acid (AMPS) monomers by using F127DA micelles as cross-linkers. Similar to the positive nanomicelle (NM) hydrogels, the negative NM hydrogels exhibited a compressive strength up to 59 MPa with a fracture strain up to 98%, and tensile fracture strain higher than 2000%. These charged hydrogels were actuated by electric field when immersed in salt solutions. The effects of electrolyte concentration, electric field strength, and ionic monomer content on the electric actuation behavior of these electroactive hydrogels (EAHs) have been systematically investigated. It is concluded that the electroactive hydrogels show a fast actuation rate with a bending angle up to 87° at 120 s and the bending angle was cyclically reversed upon changing bias direction without a large decrease. This study demonstrates that such tough and multiresponsive electroactive hydrogels may have great potential in sensors, actuators, switches, and artificial muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Li
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Polymers and Composites Division, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo 315201, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University , Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yuanna Sun
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Polymers and Composites Division, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Polymers and Composites Division, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Guorong Gao
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Polymers and Composites Division, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Shuhui Liu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Polymers and Composites Division, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University , Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jun Fu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Polymers and Composites Division, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo 315201, China
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38
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Kim D, Lee HS, Yoon J. Highly bendable bilayer-type photo-actuators comprising of reduced graphene oxide dispersed in hydrogels. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20921. [PMID: 26865239 PMCID: PMC4750031 DOI: 10.1038/srep20921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To avoid the problem of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) restacking in aqueous solution, the preparation of light-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) incorporating rGO (PNIPAm/rGO) was achieved by the chemical reduction of GO dispersed in the hydrogel matrix. Due to the enhanced photothermal efficiency of the rGO, the prepared PNIPAm/rGO underwent large volume reductions in response to irradiation by visible light of modest intensity. With respect to potential applications, bilayer-type photo-actuators comprising a PNIPAm/rGO active layer and poly(acrylamide) passive layer were fabricated; these achieved a full bending motion upon visible-light exposure. Adjusting the swelling ratio of each layer in the initial state yielded bidirectional photo-actuators that showed the active motion of turning inside out. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the fabricated actuation system would exhibit controlled bending motion in response to solar radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dowan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, 37 Nakdong-Daero 550beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Sang Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-Daero 550beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhwan Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, 37 Nakdong-Daero 550beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
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39
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Chen SQ, Li JM, Pan TT, Li PY, He WD. Comb-Type Grafted Hydrogels of PNIPAM and PDMAEMA with Reversed Network-Graft Architectures from Controlled Radical Polymerizations. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E38. [PMID: 30979133 PMCID: PMC6432512 DOI: 10.3390/polym8020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual thermo- and pH-responsive comb-type grafted hydrogels of poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) with reversed network-graft architectures were synthesized by the combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and click chemistry. Two kinds of macro-cross-linkers with two azido groups at one chain-end and different chain length [PNIPAM⁻(N₃)₂ and PDMAEMA⁻(N₃)₂] were prepared with N,N-di(β-azidoethyl) 2-halocarboxylamide as the ATRP initiator. Through RAFT copolymerization of DMAEMA or NIPAM with propargyl acrylate (ProA) using dibenzyltrithiocarbonate as a chain transfer agent, two network precursors with different content of alkynyl side-groups [P(DMAEMA-co-ProA) and P(NIPAM-co-ProA)] were obtained. The subsequent azido-alkynyl click reaction of macro-cross-linkers and network precursors led to the formation of the network-graft hydrogels. These dual stimulus-sensitive hydrogels exhibited rapid response, high swelling ratio and reproducible swelling/de-swelling cycles under different temperatures and pH values. The influences of cross-linkage density and network-graft architecture on the properties of the hydrogels were investigated. The release of ceftriaxone sodium from these hydrogels showed both thermal- and pH-dependence, suggesting the feasibility of these hydrogels as thermo- and pH-dependent drug release devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Qi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Jia-Min Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Ting-Ting Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Peng-Yun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Wei-Dong He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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