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Guo S, Lei R, Liang X, Liu J, Liu X, Gao S, Peng X, Bian S, Chen Y, Jin Y, Cai S, Liu Z, Feng J. Synergy of Single-ion Conductive and Thermo-responsive Copolymer Hydrogels Achieving Anti-Arrhenius Ionic Conductivity. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1404-1408. [PMID: 30844121 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence sensations have aroused scientific interest from electronic conductors to bio-inspired ionic conductors. The conductivity of electrons decreases with increasing temperature, while the ionic conductivity agrees with an Arrhenius equation or a modified Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher (VTF) equation. Herein, thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropyl amide) (PNIPAm) and single-ion-conducting poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic lithium salt) (PAMPSLi) were copolymerized via a facile radical polymerization to demonstrate a very intriguing anti-Arrhenius ionic conductivity behaviour during thermally induced volume-phase transition. These smart hydrogels presented very promising scaffolds for architecting flexible, wearable or advanced functional ionic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Rongyuan Lei
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- State key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jiyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Shuyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Xianghong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Shilong Bian
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yangwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yi Jin
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Shaojun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Jiwen Feng
- State key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
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Aquilanti V, Coutinho ND, Carvalho-Silva VH. Kinetics of low-temperature transitions and a reaction rate theory from non-equilibrium distributions. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2017; 375:rsta.2016.0201. [PMID: 28320904 PMCID: PMC5360900 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This article surveys the empirical information which originated both by laboratory experiments and by computational simulations, and expands previous understanding of the rates of chemical processes in the low-temperature range, where deviations from linearity of Arrhenius plots were revealed. The phenomenological two-parameter Arrhenius equation requires improvement for applications where interpolation or extrapolations are demanded in various areas of modern science. Based on Tolman's theorem, the dependence of the reciprocal of the apparent activation energy as a function of reciprocal absolute temperature permits the introduction of a deviation parameter d covering uniformly a variety of rate processes, from those where quantum mechanical tunnelling is significant and d < 0, to those where d > 0, corresponding to the Pareto-Tsallis statistical weights: these generalize the Boltzmann-Gibbs weight, which is recovered for d = 0. It is shown here how the weights arise, relaxing the thermodynamic equilibrium limit, either for a binomial distribution if d > 0 or for a negative binomial distribution if d < 0, formally corresponding to Fermion-like or Boson-like statistics, respectively. The current status of the phenomenology is illustrated emphasizing case studies; specifically (i) the super-Arrhenius kinetics, where transport phenomena accelerate processes as the temperature increases; (ii) the sub-Arrhenius kinetics, where quantum mechanical tunnelling propitiates low-temperature reactivity; (iii) the anti-Arrhenius kinetics, where processes with no energetic obstacles are rate-limited by molecular reorientation requirements. Particular attention is given for case (i) to the treatment of diffusion and viscosity, for case (ii) to formulation of a transition rate theory for chemical kinetics including quantum mechanical tunnelling, and for case (iii) to the stereodirectional specificity of the dynamics of reactions strongly hindered by the increase of temperature.This article is part of the themed issue 'Theoretical and computational studies of non-equilibrium and non-statistical dynamics in the gas phase, in the condensed phase and at interfaces'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Aquilanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40210 Salvador, Brazil
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00016 Rome, Italy
| | - Nayara Dantas Coutinho
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Caixa Postal 4478, 70904-970 Brasília, Brazil
| | - Valter Henrique Carvalho-Silva
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural de Anápolis, Campus de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, CP 459, 75001-970 Anápolis, GO, Brazil
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