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Roshani M, Molavizadeh D, Sadeghi S, Jafari A, Dashti F, Mirazimi SMA, Ahmadi Asouri S, Rajabi A, Hamblin MR, Anoushirvani AA, Mirzaei H. Emerging roles of miR-145 in gastrointestinal cancers: A new paradigm. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115264. [PMID: 37619484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) carcinomas are a group of cancers affecting the GI tract and digestive organs, such as the gastric, liver, bile ducts, pancreas, small intestine, esophagus, colon, and rectum. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small functional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which are involved in regulating the expression of multiple target genes; mainly at the post-transcriptional level, via complementary binding to their 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). Increasing evidence has shown that miRNAs have critical roles in modulating of various physiological and pathological cellular processes and regulating the occurrence and development of human malignancies. Among them, miR-145 is recognized for its anti-oncogenic properties in various cancers, including GI cancers. MiR-145 has been implicated in diverse biological processes of cancers through the regulation of target genes or signaling, including, proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. In this review, we have summarized the role of miR-145 in selected GI cancers and also its downstream molecules and cellular processes targets, which could lead to a better understanding of the miR-145 in these cancers. In conclusion, we reveal the potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value of miR-145 in GI cancer, and hope to provide new ideas for its application as a biomarker as well as a therapeutic target for the treatment of these cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Roshani
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Danial Molavizadeh
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sara Sadeghi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sahar Ahmadi Asouri
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for BasicSciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Rajabi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Ali Arash Anoushirvani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Haerinck J, Goossens S, Berx G. The epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity landscape: principles of design and mechanisms of regulation. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:590-609. [PMID: 37169858 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) enables cells to interconvert between several states across the epithelial-mesenchymal landscape, thereby acquiring hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotypic features. This plasticity is crucial for embryonic development and wound healing, but also underlies the acquisition of several malignant traits during cancer progression. Recent research using systems biology and single-cell profiling methods has provided novel insights into the main forces that shape EMP, which include the microenvironment, lineage specification and cell identity, and the genome. Additionally, key roles have emerged for hysteresis (cell memory) and cellular noise, which can drive stochastic transitions between cell states. Here, we review these forces and the distinct but interwoven layers of regulatory control that stabilize EMP states or facilitate epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) and discuss the therapeutic potential of manipulating the EMP landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jef Haerinck
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Translational Research in Oncology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Berx
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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3
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Xu J, Wu S, Li G. Selective nuclear export inhibitor KPT‑330 enhances the radiosensitivity of esophageal carcinoma cells. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:326. [PMID: 37346402 PMCID: PMC10280315 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the concurrent application of definitive chemoradiation has improved the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer, resistance to therapy poses a major threat to treatment. The present study aimed to investigate whether the use of KPT-330, a selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE), enhances the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells. Immunohistochemical staining assays were employed to evaluate the expression and prognostic significance of chromosome maintenance protein-1 (CRM1) in 111 esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) tissues collected from patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The data showed that the expression of CRM1 in the ESCA tissues was significantly upregulated compared with that in the normal adjacent tissues. Furthermore, patients with higher CRM1 expression had significantly decreased overall survival compared with those with lower CRM1 expression. The effects of KPT-330 and/or radiation on ECA109 human ESCA cells were also evaluated. KPT-330 suppressed the viability of the ECA109 cells. A colony formation assay demonstrated that a combination of KPT-330 and radiation significantly decreased ECA109 cell proliferation. Flow cytometric analysis showed that KPT-330 increased the arrest of the ECA109 cells at the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis. In addition, western blotting revealed that the inhibitory effect of KPT-330 on cell viability was associated with the increased expression of p53 and promotion of the nuclear accumulation of the p53 protein. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that CRM1 expression is associated with the prognosis of patients with ESCA following radiotherapy. The inhibition of CRM1 expression by the SINE inhibitor KPT-330 increases radiosensitivity and is potentially useful in a combination treatment strategy for esophageal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Shan Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Yao Y, Tao J, Lyu J, Chen C, Huang Y, Zhou Z. Enhance Mitochondrial Damage by Nuclear Export Inhibition to Suppress Tumor Growth and Metastasis with Increased Antitumor Properties of Macrophages. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20774-20787. [PMID: 37079389 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-targeting damage has become a popular therapeutic option for tumor metastasis; however, its efficacy is limited by the adaptive rescue capacity of nuclei. There is an urgent need for a dual mitochondrial and nuclear targeting strategy that can also increase the antitumor capacity of macrophages. In this study, XPO1 inhibitor KPT-330 nanoparticles were combined with mitochondria-targeting lonidamine (TPP-LND) nanoparticles. The combination of nanoparticles with a 1:4 ratio of KPT and TL demonstrated the best synergistic effect in restraining the proliferation and metastasis of 4T1 breast cancer cells. Investigating the mechanisms both in vitro and in vivo, it was found that KPT nanoparticles not only directly impede tumor growth and metastasis by controlling the expression of associated proteins but also indirectly facilitate mitochondrial damage. The two nanoparticles synergistically decreased the expression of cytoprotective factors, such as Mcl-1 and Survivin, causing mitochondrial dysfunction and thus inducing apoptosis. Additionally, it downregulated metastasis-related proteins like HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and reduced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Significantly, their combination increased the ratio of M1 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)/M2 TAMs both in vitro and in vivo and increased the phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages, thus suppressing tumor growth and metastasis. In summary, this research revealed that nuclear export inhibition can synergistically enhance the prevention of mitochondrial damage to tumor cells, heightening the antitumor properties of TAMs, thereby providing a viable and safe therapeutic approach for the treatment of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiayan Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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5
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Krull CM, Li H, Pathak A. Nuclear export inhibition jumbles epithelial-mesenchymal states and gives rise to migratory disorder in healthy epithelia. eLife 2023; 12:e81048. [PMID: 36805020 PMCID: PMC9943065 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic nucleocytoplasmic transport of E-M factors regulates cellular E-M states; yet, it remains unknown how simultaneously trapping these factors affects epithelia at the macroscale. To explore this question, we performed nuclear export inhibition (NEI) via leptomycin B and Selinexor treatment, which biases nuclear localization of CRM1-associated E-M factors. We examined changes in collective cellular phenotypes across a range of substrate stiffnesses. Following NEI, soft substrates elevate collective migration of MCF10A cells for up to 24 hr, while stiffer substrates reduce migration at all time points. Our results suggest that NEI disrupts migration through competition between intercellular adhesions and mechanoactivation, generally causing loss of cell-cell coordination. Specifically, across substrate stiffnesses, NEI fosters an atypical E-M state wherein MCF10A cells become both more epithelial and more mesenchymal. We observe that NEI fosters a range of these concurrent phenotypes, from more epithelial shYAP MCF10A cells to more mesenchymal MDCK II cells. α-Catenin emerges as a potential link between E-M states, where it maintains normal levels of intercellular adhesion and transmits mechanoactive characteristics to collective behavior. Ultimately, to accommodate the concurrent states observed here, we propose an expanded E-M model, which may help further understand fundamental biological phenomena and inform pathological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly M Krull
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisUnited States
| | - Haiyi Li
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisUnited States
| | - Amit Pathak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisUnited States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisUnited States
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6
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Özdaş S, Canatar İ. Targeting of nucleo‑cytoplasmic transport factor exportin 1 in malignancy (Review). MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2:2. [PMID: 38938904 PMCID: PMC11208992 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2021.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) regulate the entry and exit of molecules from the cell nucleus. Small molecules pass through NPCs by diffusion while large molecules enter and exit the nucleus by karyopherins, which serve as transport factors. Exportin-1 (XPO1) is a protein that is an important member of the karyopherin family and carries macromolecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. XPO1 is responsible for nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of protein, ribosomal RNA and certain required mRNAs for ribosomal biogenesis. Furthermore, XPO1-mediated nuclear export is associated with various types of disease, such as cancer, inflammation and viral infection. The key role of XPO1 in carcinogenesis and its potential as a therapeutic target has been demonstrated by previous studies. Clinical use of novel developed generation-specific XPO1 inhibitors and their combination with other agents to block XPO1-mediated nuclear export are a promising new treatment strategy. The aim of the present study was to explain the working mechanism of XPO1 and inhibitors that block XPO1-mediated nuclear export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Özdaş
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana 01250, Turkey
| | - İpek Canatar
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana 01250, Turkey
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Fisher JG, Walker CJ, Doyle ADP, Johnson PWM, Forconi F, Cragg MS, Landesman Y, Khakoo SI, Blunt MD. Selinexor Enhances NK Cell Activation Against Malignant B Cells via Downregulation of HLA-E. Front Oncol 2021; 11:785635. [PMID: 34926302 PMCID: PMC8672299 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.785635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Selinexor is an FDA approved selective inhibitor of the nuclear export protein exportin-1 (XPO1) and causes specific cancer cell death via nuclear accumulation of tumor suppressor proteins. Design of rational studies for the use of selinexor in combination with other therapeutic agents, such as immunotherapies, requires a fundamental understanding of the effects of selinexor on the immune system. One important emerging area of immunotherapy are natural killer (NK) cell based therapeutics. NK cell function is tightly regulated by a balance of signals derived from multiple activating and inhibitory receptors. Thus in cancer, up-regulation of stress ligands recognised by activating receptors or down-regulation of HLA class I recognised by inhibitory receptors can result in an anti-cancer NK cell response. Changes in XPO1 function therefore have the potential to affect NK cell function through shifting this balance. We therefore sought to investigate how selinexor may affect NK cell function. Selinexor pre-treatment of lymphoma cells significantly increased NK cell mediated cytotoxicity against SU-DHL-4, JeKo-1 and Ramos cells, concurrent with increased CD107a and IFNγ expression on NK cells. In addition, selinexor enhanced ADCC against lymphoma cells coated with the anti-CD20 antibodies rituximab and obinutuzumab. In probing the likely mechanism, we identified that XPO1 inhibition significantly reduced the surface expression of HLA-E on lymphoma cell lines and on primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. HLA-E binds the inhibitory receptor NKG2A and in accordance with this, selinexor selectively increased activation of NKG2A+ NK cells. Our data reveals that selinexor, in addition to its direct cytotoxic activity, also activates an anti-cancer immune response via disruption of the inhibitory NKG2A:HLA-E axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack G. Fisher
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Walker
- Research & Translational Development, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA, United States
| | - Amber DP. Doyle
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Peter WM. Johnson
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Forconi
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S. Cragg
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Yosef Landesman
- Research & Translational Development, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA, United States
| | - Salim. I. Khakoo
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D. Blunt
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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8
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Walker JS, Garzon R, Lapalombella R. Selinexor for advanced hematologic malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:2335-2350. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1775210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janek S. Walker
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ramiro Garzon
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rosa Lapalombella
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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9
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Azmi AS, Khan HY, Muqbil I, Aboukameel A, Neggers JE, Daelemans D, Mahipal A, Dyson G, Kamgar M, Al-Hallak MN, Tesfaye A, Kim S, Shidham V, M Mohammad R, Philip PA. Preclinical Assessment with Clinical Validation of Selinexor with Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel for the Treatment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:1338-1348. [PMID: 31831564 PMCID: PMC7073299 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a deadly disease urgently requiring new treatments. Overexpression of the protein transporter exportin-1 (XPO1) leads to mislocalization of tumor-suppressor proteins (TSP) and their inactivation. Earlier, we showed that blocking XPO1 by CRISPR/Cas9 validated Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compounds (selinexor and analogs) restores the antitumor activity of multiple TSPs leading to suppression of PDAC in vitro and in orthotopic models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We evaluate the synergy between SINE compounds and standard-of-care treatments in preclinical models and in a PDAC Phase Ib trial. RESULTS SINE compounds synergize with gemcitabine (GEM) and nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel leading to suppression of PDAC cellular growth and cancer stem cell (CSC) spheroids disintegration. Label-free quantitative proteome profiling with nuclear and cytoplasmic enrichment showed superior enhancement in nuclear protein fraction in combination treatment. Selinexor inhibited the growth of PDAC CSC and two patient-derived (PDX) subcutaneous xenografts. Selinexor-GEM-nab-paclitaxel blocked PDX and orthotopic tumor growth. In a phase 1b study (NCT02178436), 9 patients were exposed to selinexor (60 mg oral) with GEM (1,000 mg/m2 i.v.) and nab-paclitaxel (125 mg/m2 i.v.) on days 1, 8, and 15 of 28-day cycle. Two patients showed partial response, and 2 had stable disease. An outstanding, durable objective response was observed in one of the responders with progression-free survival of 16 months and overall survival of 22 months. CONCLUSIONS Our preclinical and ongoing clinical study lends support to the use of selinexor-GEM-nab-paclitaxel as an effective therapy for metastatic PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.
| | - Husain Yar Khan
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Amro Aboukameel
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jasper E Neggers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Gregory Dyson
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | - Anteneh Tesfaye
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Steve Kim
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Vinod Shidham
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.
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Zhu H, Yang Y, Wang L, Xu X, Wang T, Qian H. Leptomycin B inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cultured gastric carcinoma cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:290-296. [PMID: 31619134 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1673148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and progression through modulating nuclear export of several proteins. However, the precise effects of CRM1 inhibitor on gastric carcinoma have not yet been illustrated. Here, we investigated the potential anti-cancer activities of leptomycin B, the most potent CRM1 antagonist, on cultured gastric carcinoma cells. Our findings demonstrate that CRM1 was highly expressed in four gastric carcinoma cell lines. Leptomycin B inhibited the viability of HGC-27 and AGS cells in a dose- and time-dependent pattern. Leptomycin B at the dose of 10 nM or 100 nM suppressed the migration and invasion of HGC-27 and AGS cells. Leptomycin B elevated the expressions of autophagy-related protein LC3-II and autophagy substrate p62. Moreover, leptomycin B enhanced the LC3-positive puncta formation in cells. Our data suggest that leptomycin B may exert an anti-cancer activity possibly through interfering autophagy function in gastric carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hepan Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoran Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Pre-clinical anti-tumor activity of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor in Hodgkin's Lymphoma cellular and subcutaneous tumor model. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02290. [PMID: 31508518 PMCID: PMC6726720 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) is a member of the TEC family and plays a central role in B-cell signaling, activation, proliferation and differentiation. Here we evaluated the impact of BTK inhibitor Ibrutinib on a panel of HL models in vitro and in vivo. Ibrutinib suppressed viability and induced apoptosis in 4 HL cell lines in a dose and time dependent manner. Molecular analysis showed induction of both apoptotic and autophagy markers. Ibrutinib treatment resulted in suppression of BTK and other downstream targets including PI3K, mTOR and RICTOR. Ibrutinib given at 50 mg/kg p.o daily for three weeks caused statistically significant inhibition of HL cell line derived subcutaneous xenografts (p < 0.01) in ICR-SCID mice. Molecular analysis of residual tumor tissue revealed down-regulation of BTK; its related markers and autophagy markers. Our studies are the first showing in vitro and in vivo action of BTK inhibition in classical HL. A phase II study examining the activity of ibrutinib in relapsed or refractory HL is currently enrolling (NCT02824029).
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12
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DNA-Methylation-Caused Downregulation of miR-30 Contributes to the High Expression of XPO1 and the Aggressive Growth of Tumors in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081101. [PMID: 31382411 PMCID: PMC6721494 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most aggressive cancers, with high mortality in the United States. One of the important signal transduction proteins involved in the regulation of pancreatic cancer's aggressive progression is the nuclear export protein (XPO1). High expression of XPO1 has been found in pancreatic, lung, breast and other cancers and lymphomas with a poor prognosis of patients with tumors and high proliferative activity of cancer cells. Because XPO1 exports multiple tumor suppressor proteins simultaneously from the nucleus, the inhibition of XPO1 may retain multiple tumor suppressors in the nucleus, resulting in the suppression of cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis in tumors. In this study, we found that the high expression of XPO1 in pancreatic cancer cells could be, in part, due to the methylation of the miR-30 gene, leading to the low expression level of the miR-30 family. By co-transfection of the XPO1 3'-UTR-Luc target vector with miR-30 mimic, we found that XPO1 is a direct target of the miR-30 family. We also observed that the enforced expression of the miR-30 family inhibited the expression of XPO1, resulting in the suppression of pancreatic cancer growth both in vitro and in vivo. These findings could help to design a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer by introducing miR-30 into cancer cells.
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13
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Kang GJ, Park MK, Byun HJ, Kim HJ, Kim EJ, Yu L, Kim B, Shim JG, Lee H, Lee CH. SARNP, a participant in mRNA splicing and export, negatively regulates E-cadherin expression via interaction with pinin. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1543-1555. [PMID: 31313837 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with a high mortality rate, which is related to the insufficient number of appropriate biomarkers and targets. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover appropriate biomarkers and targets for TNBC. SARNP (Hcc-1 and CIP29) is highly expressed in several cancers. It binds to UAP56, an RNA helicase component of the TREX complex in messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing and export. However, the role of SARNP in mRNA splicing and export and in the progression of breast cancer, especially of TNBC, remains unknown. Therefore, we examined the role of SARNP in mRNA splicing and export and progression of TNBC. We confirmed that SARNP binds to UAP56 and Aly and that SARNP overexpression enhances mRNA splicing, whereas its knockdown suppressed mRNA export. The SARNP overexpression induced the proliferation of MCF7 cells, whereas its knockdown induced E-cadherin expression and downregulated vimentin and N-cadherin expressions in SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231 cells. SARNP downregulates E-cadherin expression by interaction with pinin. Mice injected with MDA-MB-231shSARNP cells exhibited a significant reduction in tumor growth and lung metastasis compared with those injected with MDA-MB-231shCon cells in vivo. These findings suggested that SARNP is involved in mRNA splicing and export. SARNP maintains mesenchymal phenotype by escaping from inhibitory interaction with pinin leading to the downregulation of E-cadherin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | | | - Hyun Ji Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Lu Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boram Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Gal Shim
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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14
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Prakash V, Carson BB, Feenstra JM, Dass RA, Sekyrova P, Hoshino A, Petersen J, Guo Y, Parks MM, Kurylo CM, Batchelder JE, Haller K, Hashimoto A, Rundqivst H, Condeelis JS, Allis CD, Drygin D, Nieto MA, Andäng M, Percipalle P, Bergh J, Adameyko I, Farrants AKÖ, Hartman J, Lyden D, Pietras K, Blanchard SC, Vincent CT. Ribosome biogenesis during cell cycle arrest fuels EMT in development and disease. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2110. [PMID: 31068593 PMCID: PMC6506521 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is a canonical hallmark of cell growth and proliferation. Here we show that execution of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), a migratory cellular program associated with development and tumor metastasis, is fueled by upregulation of ribosome biogenesis during G1/S arrest. This unexpected EMT feature is independent of species and initiating signal, and is accompanied by release of the repressive nucleolar chromatin remodeling complex (NoRC) from rDNA, together with recruitment of the EMT-driving transcription factor Snai1 (Snail1), RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) and the Upstream Binding Factor (UBF). EMT-associated ribosome biogenesis is also coincident with increased nucleolar recruitment of Rictor, an essential component of the EMT-promoting mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2). Inhibition of rRNA synthesis in vivo differentiates primary tumors to a benign, Estrogen Receptor-alpha (ERα) positive, Rictor-negative phenotype and reduces metastasis. These findings implicate the EMT-associated ribosome biogenesis program with cellular plasticity, de-differentiation, cancer progression and metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Prakash
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Brittany B Carson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer M Feenstra
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Randall A Dass
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Petra Sekyrova
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ayuko Hoshino
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Julian Petersen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yuan Guo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew M Parks
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Chad M Kurylo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jake E Batchelder
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Kristian Haller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Molecular Pathology, Lund University, Lund, SE-223 81, Sweden
| | - Ayako Hashimoto
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Helene Rundqivst
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - John S Condeelis
- Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, 10461, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, 10461, NY, USA
| | - C David Allis
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Denis Drygin
- Pimera, Inc, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - M Angela Nieto
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC-UMH, Alicante, 03550, Spain
| | - Michael Andäng
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, 129188, UAE
| | - Jonas Bergh
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, S-171 76, Solna, Sweden
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ann-Kristin Östlund Farrants
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Hartman
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, S-171 76, Solna, Sweden
| | - David Lyden
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Molecular Pathology, Lund University, Lund, SE-223 81, Sweden
| | - Scott C Blanchard
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Chemical Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - C Theresa Vincent
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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15
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Cruz-Ramos E, Sandoval-Hernández A, Tecalco-Cruz AC. Differential expression and molecular interactions of chromosome region maintenance 1 and calreticulin exportins in breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 185:7-16. [PMID: 29981820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM-1) and calreticulin (CALR) are two proteins that act as exportins for some nuclear receptors, in addition to other critical functions for cellular homeostasis. In several cancer types, CRM-1 and CALR are upregulated suggesting an imbalance in their functions. However, the regulation of CRM-1 and CALR, and their biological implications, are not completely known. Here, we evaluated the interplay between the levels of CRM-1 and CALR, and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) status, in breast cancer cells. CRM-1 and CALR were upregulated in mammary tumors relative to normal mammary tissue. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of CRM-1 and CALR were higher in breast cancer cells lacking ERα, in comparison with those that express ERα. Additionally, both proteins were distributed in the nucleus and cytoplasm in the two cell types. Importantly, we identified novel interactions for these exportins. First, we showed an interaction between CRM-1 and CALR, and then we identified that SUN1 and SUN2, two proteins localized in the nuclear envelop, were able to interact specifically with CRM-1, but not CALR. Interestingly, SUN1 and SUN2 expression seemed to be decreased in breast cancer, thereby affecting the interactions of these proteins with CRM-1, and possibly its actions as an exportin. Thus, our data suggest that expression levels for CRM-1 and CALR, the interaction between these exportins, and specific interactions of SUN1 and SUN2 with CRM-1 but not CALR, may be central elements in nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. Furthermore, deregulation of these elements may have serious implications in the progression of breast and other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Cruz-Ramos
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo Postal, México D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Antonio Sandoval-Hernández
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo Postal, México D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Angeles C Tecalco-Cruz
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo Postal, México D.F. 04510, Mexico.
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16
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Wang Z, Chen X, Zhao Y, Jin Y, Zheng J. G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor suppresses the migration of osteosarcoma cells via post-translational regulation of Snail. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 145:87-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Hao J, Jin X, Shi Y, Zhang H. miR-93-5p enhance lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma cell tumorigenesis by targeting BRMS1L. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:72. [PMID: 29760585 PMCID: PMC5944175 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lacrimal adenoid cystic carcinoma (LACC) is one of the most common malignancies that affects lacrimal gland. MicroRNAs are known to play a crucial role as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Specifically, miR-93 has been reported to play a crucial role in colorectal, breast, pancreatic, lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the role of miR-93 in LACC and the potential molecular mechanisms involved remain unknown. Therefore, we took the challenge to determine the involvement of miR-93 in the LACC by targeting BRMS1L. Method A total of 5 adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of lacrimal gland patient tissues and their plasma were examined. Three normal lacrimal glands and three normal serums were collected as a control group. After surgical resection, the specimens were preserved in liquid nitrogen and stored at − 80 °C until RNA extraction. Afterwards, LACC cells with miR-93-5p overexpression were subjected to qRT-PCR and western blot for epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers levels. Ability of LACC cell migration, invasion, proliferation and apoptosis was examined by wounded healing, transwell, CCK-8 and apoptosis assays. Afterwards, TargetScan was used to predict putative targets of miR-93-5p. Then, the examination was performed whether miR-93-5p targets BRMS1L by the use of luciferase reporter assays and western blotting. Finally, immunohistochemical staining was sone and all the images were taken using a microscope (Nikon, Tokyo). Results Our results showed that miR-93 was overexpressed in tissues and plasma of LACC patients compared to healthy controls. MiR-93 downregulated E-cadherin expression while increasing N-cadherin expression and significantly inhibited luciferase activity. Furthermore, western blotting results confirmed that miR-93-5p could inhibit BRMS1L expression. The BRMS1L staining in LACC tissues was weaker than in normal controls. In addition, miR-93-5p revealed a reverse correlation with the expression of BRMS1L. In addition, significant upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin were found when LACC cells were transfected with BRMS1L. Finally, miR-93-5p significantly enhanced TOP/FOP luciferase activity. Upregulation of BRMS1L reduced TOP/FOP luciferase activity while further overexpression of miR-93-5p could not rescue Wnt signaling activity. Conclusions Our findings report that miR-93 promotes LACC cell migration, invasion, and proliferation via targeting downregulation of BRMS1L through regulation of Wnt signaling pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-018-0552-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
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18
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Muqbil I, Azmi AS, Mohammad RM. Nuclear Export Inhibition for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E138. [PMID: 29735942 PMCID: PMC5977111 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease that is resistant to most available therapeutics. Pancreatic cancer to date has no effective drugs that could enhance the survival of patients once their disease has metastasized. There is a need for the identification of novel actionable drug targets in this unusually recalcitrant cancer. Nuclear protein transport is an important mechanism that regulates the function of several tumor suppressor proteins (TSPs) in a compartmentalization-dependent manner. High expression of the nuclear exporter chromosome maintenance region 1 (CRM1) or exportin 1 (XPO1), a common feature of several cancers including pancreatic cancer, results in excessive export of critical TSPs to the incorrect cellular compartment, leading to their functional inactivation. Small molecule inhibitors of XPO1 can block this export, retaining very important and functional TSPs in the nucleus and leading to the effective killing of the cancer cells. This review highlights the current knowledge on the role of XPO1 in pancreatic cancer and how this serves as a unique and clinically viable target in this devastating and by far incurable cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI 48221, USA.
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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19
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20
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Liu Z, Gao W. Leptomycin B reduces primary and acquired resistance of gefitinib in lung cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 335:16-27. [PMID: 28942004 PMCID: PMC5643250 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) gefitinib has demonstrated dramatic clinical efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, its therapeutic efficacy is ultimately limited by the development of acquired drug resistance. The aim of this study was to explore the potential utility of chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) inhibitor leptomycin B (LMB) in combination with gefitinib to overcome primary and acquired gefitinib resistance in NSCLC cells. The combinative effects of gefitinib and LMB were evaluated by MTT and its underlining mechanism was assessed by flow cytometry and Western blot. LMB displayed a synergistic effect on gefitinib-induced cytotoxicity in A549 (IC50: 25.0±2.1μM of gefitinib+LMB vs. 32.0±2.5μM of gefitinib alone, p<0.05). Gefitinib+LMB caused a significantly different cell cycle distribution and signaling pathways involved in EGFR/survivin/p21 compared with gefitinib. A549 cells then were treated with progressively increased concentrations of gefitinib (A549GR) or in combination with LMB (A549GLR) over 10months to generate gefitinib resistance. IC50 of gefitinib in A549GLR (37.0±2.8μM) was significantly lower than that in A549GR (53.0±3.0μM, p<0.05), which indicates that LMB could reverse gefitinib-induced resistance in A549. Further mechanism investigation revealed that the expression patterns of EGFR pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in A549, A549GR, and A549GLR were significantly different. In conclusion, LMB at a very low concentration (0.5nM) combined with gefitinib showed synergistic therapeutic effects and ameliorated the development of gefitinib-induced resistance in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Liu
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Weimin Gao
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.
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21
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Azmi AS, Li Y, Muqbil I, Aboukameel A, Senapedis W, Baloglu E, Landesman Y, Shacham S, Kauffman MG, Philip PA, Mohammad RM. Exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibition leads to restoration of tumor suppressor miR-145 and consequent suppression of pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and migration. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82144-82155. [PMID: 29137251 PMCID: PMC5669877 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States with a majority of these patients dying from aggressively invasive and metastatic disease. There is growing evidence that suggests an important role for microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathobiology of aggressive PDAC. In this study, we found that the expression of miR-145 was significantly lower in PDAC cells when compared to normal pancreatic duct epithelial cells. Here we show that inhibition of the nuclear exporter protein exportin 1 (XPO1; also known as chromosome maintenance region 1 [CRM1]) by siRNA knockdown or by the Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compound (KPT-330; selinexor) increases miR-145 expression in PDAC cells resulting in the decreased cell proliferation and migration capacities. A similar result was obtained with forced expression of miR-145 in PDAC cells. To this end, SINE compound treatment mediated the down-regulation of known miR-145 targets genes including EGFR, MMP1, MT-MMP, c-Myc, Pak4 and Sox-2. In addition, selinexor induced the expression of two important tumor suppressive miRNAs miR-34c and let-7d leading to the up-regulation of p21WAF1. These results are the first to report that targeted inhibition of the nuclear export machinery could restore tumor suppressive miRNAs in PDAC that warrants further clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Amro Aboukameel
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Erkan Baloglu
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc., Newton Centre, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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22
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Nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of estrogen receptor alpha in breast cancer cells. Cell Signal 2017; 34:121-132. [PMID: 28341599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 70% cases of breast cancers exhibit high expression and activity levels of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), a transcription regulator that induces the expression of genes associated with cellular proliferation and survival. These nuclear functions of the receptor are associated with the development of breast cancer. However, ERα localization is not static, but rather, dynamic with continuous shuttling between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Interestingly, both the nuclear import and export of ERα are modulated by several stimuli that include estradiol, antiestrogens, and growth factors. As ERα nuclear accumulation is critical to the regulation of gene expression, nuclear export of this receptor modulates the intensity and duration of its transcriptional activity. Thus, the subcellular spatial distribution of ERα ensures tight modulation of its concentration in cellular compartments, as well as of its nuclear and extranuclear functions. In this review, we will discuss current findings regarding the biological importance of molecular mechanisms of, and proteins responsible for, the nuclear import and export of ERα in breast cancer cells.
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfar S Azmi
- Asfar S. Azmi and Ramzi M. Mohammad, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Asfar S. Azmi and Ramzi M. Mohammad, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
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24
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Chen S, Chen X, Sun KX, Xiu YL, Liu BL, Feng MX, Sang XB, Zhao Y. MicroRNA-93 Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Endometrial Carcinoma Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165776. [PMID: 27829043 PMCID: PMC5102435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-93, derived from a paralog (miR-106b-25) of the miR-17-92 cluster, is involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of many cancers such as breast, colorectal, hepatocellular, lung, ovarian, and pancreatic cancer. However, the role of miR-93 in endometrial carcinoma and the potential molecular mechanisms involved remain unknown. Our results showed that miR-93 was overexpressed in endometrial carcinoma tissues than normal endometrial tissues. The endometrial carcinoma cell lines HEC-1B and Ishikawa were transfected with miR-93-5P, after which cell migration and invasion ability and the expression of relevant molecules were detected. MiR-93 overexpression promoted cell migration and invasion, and downregulated E-cadherin expression while increasing N-cadherin expression. Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-93 may directly bind to the 3' untranslated region of forkhead box A1 (FOXA1); furthermore, miR-93 overexpression downregulated FOXA1 expression while miR-93 inhibitor transfection upregulated FOXA1 expression at both mRNA and protein level. In addition, transfection with the most effective FOXA1 small interfering RNA promoted both endometrial cancer cell migration and invasion, and downregulated E-cadherin expression while upregulating N-cadherin expression. Therefore, we suggest that miR-93 may promote the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in endometrial carcinoma cells by targeting FOXA1.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Endometrial Neoplasms/genetics
- Endometrial Neoplasms/metabolism
- Endometrial Neoplasms/pathology
- Endometrium/metabolism
- Endometrium/pathology
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Reporter
- HEK293 Cells
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha/genetics
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha/metabolism
- Humans
- Luciferases/genetics
- Luciferases/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Sun
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yin-Ling Xiu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo-Liang Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Miao-Xiao Feng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiu-Bo Sang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail:
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Anderson AM, Ragan MA. Palmitoylation: a protein S-acylation with implications for breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2016; 2:16028. [PMID: 28721385 PMCID: PMC5515344 DOI: 10.1038/npjbcancer.2016.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein S-acylation is a reversible post-translational lipid modification that involves linkage of a fatty acid chain predominantly to a cysteine amino acid via a thioester bond. The fatty acid molecule is primarily palmitate, thus the term 'palmitoylation' is more commonly used. Palmitoylation has been found to modulate all stages of protein function including maturational processing, trafficking, membrane anchoring, signaling range and efficacy, and degradation. In breast cancer, palmitoylation has been shown to control the function of commonly dysregulated genes including estrogen receptors, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of receptors, and cancer stem cell markers. Importantly, palmitoylation is a critical factor controlling the formation of complexes at the plasma membrane involving tetraspanins, integrins, and gene products that are key to cell-cell communication. During metastasis, cancer cells enhance their metastatic capacity by interacting with stroma and immune cells. Although aberrant palmitoylation could contribute to tumor initiation and growth, its potential role in these cell-cell interactions is of particular interest, as it may provide mechanistic insight into metastasis, including cancer cell-driven immune modulation. Compelling evidence for a role for aberrant palmitoylation in breast cancer remains to be established. To this end, in this review we summarize emerging evidence and highlight pertinent knowledge gaps, suggesting directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Anderson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark A Ragan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Sun Q, Chen X, Zhou Q, Burstein E, Yang S, Jia D. Inhibiting cancer cell hallmark features through nuclear export inhibition. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2016; 1:16010. [PMID: 29263896 PMCID: PMC5661660 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2016.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Treating cancer through inhibition of nuclear export is one of the best examples of basic research translation into clinical application. Nuclear export factor chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1; Xpo1 and exportin-1) controls cellular localization and function of numerous proteins that are critical for the development of many cancer hallmarks. The diverse actions of CRM1 are likely to explain the broad ranging anti-cancer potency of CRM1 inhibitors observed in pre-clinical studies and/or clinical trials (phase I–III) on both advanced-stage solid and hematological tumors. In this review, we compare and contrast the mechanisms of action of different CRM1 inhibitors, and discuss the potential benefit of unexplored non-covalent CRM1 inhibitors. This emerging field has uncovered that nuclear export inhibition is well poised as an attractive target towards low-toxicity broad-spectrum potent anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Da Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China 2nd University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Sukari A, Muqbil I, Mohammad RM, Philip PA, Azmi AS. F-BOX proteins in cancer cachexia and muscle wasting: Emerging regulators and therapeutic opportunities. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 36:95-104. [PMID: 26804424 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a debilitating metabolic syndrome accounting for fatigue, an impairment of normal activities, loss of muscle mass associated with body weight loss eventually leading to death in majority of patients with advanced disease. Cachexia patients undergoing skeletal muscle atrophy show consistent activation of the SCF ubiquitin ligase (F-BOX) family member Atrogin-1 (also known as MAFBx/FBXO32) alongside the activation of the muscle ring finger protein1 (MuRF1). Other lesser known F-BOX family members are also emerging as key players supporting muscle wasting pathways. Recent work highlights a spectrum of different cancer signaling mechanisms impacting F-BOX family members that feed forward muscle atrophy related genes during cachexia. These novel players provide unique opportunities to block cachexia induced skeletal muscle atrophy by therapeutically targeting the SCF protein ligases. Conversely, strategies that induce the production of proteins may be helpful to counter the effects of these F-BOX proteins. Through this review, we bring forward some novel targets that promote atrogin-1 signaling in cachexia and muscle wasting and highlight newer therapeutic opportunities that can help in the better management of patients with this devastating and fatal disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Sukari
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; iTRI Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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