1
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Venafra V, Sacco F, Perfetto L. SignalingProfiler 2.0 a network-based approach to bridge multi-omics data to phenotypic hallmarks. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:95. [PMID: 39179556 PMCID: PMC11343843 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Unraveling how cellular signaling is remodeled upon perturbation is crucial for understanding disease mechanisms and identifying potential drug targets. In this pursuit, computational tools generating mechanistic hypotheses from multi-omics data have invaluable potential. Here, we present a newly implemented version (2.0) of SignalingProfiler, a multi-step pipeline to draw mechanistic hypotheses on the signaling events impacting cellular phenotypes. SignalingProfiler 2.0 derives context-specific signaling networks by integrating proteogenomic data with the prior knowledge-causal network. This is a freely accessible and flexible tool that incorporates statistical, footprint-based, and graph algorithms to accelerate the integration and interpretation of multi-omics data. Through a benchmarking process on three proof-of-concept studies, we demonstrate the tool's ability to generate hierarchical mechanistic networks recapitulating novel and known perturbed signaling and phenotypic outcomes, in both human and mice contexts. In summary, SignalingProfiler 2.0 addresses the emergent need to derive biologically relevant information from complex multi-omics data by extracting interpretable networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Venafra
- Ph.D. Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sacco
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.
| | - Livia Perfetto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'C.Darwin', University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy.
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2
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Perazza F, Leoni L, Colosimo S, Musio A, Bocedi G, D’Avino M, Agnelli G, Nicastri A, Rossetti C, Sacilotto F, Marchesini G, Petroni ML, Ravaioli F. Metformin and the Liver: Unlocking the Full Therapeutic Potential. Metabolites 2024; 14:186. [PMID: 38668314 PMCID: PMC11052067 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a highly effective medication for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have shown that it has significant therapeutic benefits in various organ systems, particularly the liver. Although the effects of metformin on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis are still being debated, it has positive effects on cirrhosis and anti-tumoral properties, which can help prevent the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, it has been proven to improve insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia, commonly associated with liver diseases. While more studies are needed to fully determine the safety and effectiveness of metformin use in liver diseases, the results are highly promising. Indeed, metformin has a terrific potential for extending its full therapeutic properties beyond its traditional use in managing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Perazza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Laura Leoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Santo Colosimo
- Doctorate School of Nutrition Science, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Giulia Bocedi
- U.O. Diabetologia, Ospedale C. Magati, Scandiano, 42019 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Michela D’Avino
- S.C. Endocrinologia Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Giulio Agnelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Alba Nicastri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Chiara Rossetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Federica Sacilotto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Giulio Marchesini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Maria Letizia Petroni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Federico Ravaioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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3
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Pozzi M, Vantaggiato C, Brivio F, Orso G, Bassi MT. Olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone differently affect lysosomal function and autophagy, reflecting their different metabolic risk in patients. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:13. [PMID: 38191558 PMCID: PMC10774340 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The metabolic effects induced by antipsychotics in vitro depend on their action on the trafficking and biosynthesis of sterols and lipids. Previous research showed that antipsychotics with different adverse effects in patients cause similar alterations in vitro, suggesting the low clinical usefulness of cellular studies. Moreover, the inhibition of peripheral AMPK was suggested as potential aetiopathogenic mechanisms of olanzapine, and different effects on autophagy were reported for several antipsychotics. We thus assessed, in clinically-relevant culture conditions, the aetiopathogenic mechanisms of olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone, antipsychotics with respectively high, medium, low metabolic risk in patients, finding relevant differences among them. We highlighted that: olanzapine impairs lysosomal function affecting autophagy and autophagosome clearance, and increasing intracellular lipids and sterols; ziprasidone activates AMPK increasing the autophagic flux and reducing intracellular lipids; risperidone increases lipid accumulation, while it does not affect lysosomal function. These in vitro differences align with their different impact on patients. We also provided evidence that metformin add-on improved autophagy in olanzapine-treated cells and reduced lipid accumulation induced by both risperidone and olanzapine in an AMPK-dependent way; metformin also increased the production of bile acids to eliminate cholesterol accumulations caused by olanzapine. These results have different clinical implications. We demonstrated that antipsychotics with different metabolic impacts on patients actually have different mechanisms of action, thus supporting the possibility of a personalised antipsychotic treatment. Moreover, we found that metformin can fully revert the phenotype caused by risperidone but not the one caused by olanzapine, that still activates SREBP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pozzi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Via D. L. Monza 20, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.
| | - Chiara Vantaggiato
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Via D. L. Monza 20, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Francesca Brivio
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Via D. L. Monza 20, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Genny Orso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bassi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Via D. L. Monza 20, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
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4
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Boachie J, Zammit V, Saravanan P, Adaikalakoteswari A. Metformin Inefficiency to Lower Lipids in Vitamin B12 Deficient HepG2 Cells Is Alleviated via Adiponectin-AMPK Axis. Nutrients 2023; 15:5046. [PMID: 38140305 PMCID: PMC10745523 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Prolonged metformin treatment decreases vitamin B12 (B12) levels, whereas low B12 is associated with dyslipidaemia. Some studies have reported that metformin has no effect on intrahepatic triglyceride (TG) levels. Although AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation via adiponectin lowers hepatic TG content, its role in B12 deficiency and metformin has not been explored. We investigated whether low B12 impairs the beneficial effect of metformin on hepatic lipid metabolism via the AMPK-adiponectin axis. Methods: HepG2 was cultured using custom-made B12-deficient Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium (EMEM) in different B12-medium concentrations, followed by a 24-h metformin/adiponectin treatment. Gene and protein expressions and total intracellular TG were measured, and radiochemical analysis of TG synthesis and seahorse mitochondria stress assay were undertaken. Results: With low B12, total intracellular TG and synthesized radiolabelled TG were increased. Regulators of lipogenesis, cholesterol and genes regulating fatty acids (FAs; TG; and cholesterol biosynthesis were increased. FA oxidation (FAO) and mitochondrial function were decreased, with decreased pAMPKα and pACC levels. Following metformin treatment in hepatocytes with low B12, the gene and protein expression of the above targets were not alleviated. However, in the presence of adiponectin, intrahepatic lipid levels with low B12 decreased via upregulated pAMPKα and pACC levels. Again, combined adiponectin and metformin treatment ameliorated the low B12 effect and resulted in increased pAMPKα and pACC, with a subsequent reduction in lipogenesis, increased FAO and mitochondrion function. Conclusions: Adiponectin co-administration with metformin induced a higher intrahepatic lipid-lowering effect. Overall, we emphasize the potential therapeutic implications for hepatic AMPK activation via adiponectin for a clinical condition associated with B12 deficiency and metformin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Boachie
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital-Walsgrave Campus, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (J.B.); (V.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Victor Zammit
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital-Walsgrave Campus, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (J.B.); (V.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Ponnusamy Saravanan
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital-Walsgrave Campus, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (J.B.); (V.Z.); (P.S.)
- Diabetes Centre, George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust, College Street, Nuneaton CV10 7DJ, UK
- Populations, Evidence and Technologies, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7HL, UK
| | - Antonysunil Adaikalakoteswari
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital-Walsgrave Campus, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (J.B.); (V.Z.); (P.S.)
- Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
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5
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Chang W, Li W, Li P. The anti-diabetic effects of metformin are mediated by regulating long non-coding RNA. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1256705. [PMID: 38053839 PMCID: PMC10694297 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1256705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease with complex etiology and mechanisms. Long non-coding ribonucleic acid (LncRNA) is a novel class of functional long RNA molecules that regulate multiple biological functions through various mechanisms. Studies in the past decade have shown that lncRNAs may play an important role in regulating insulin resistance and the progression of T2D. As a widely used biguanide drug, metformin has been used for glucose lowering effects in clinical practice for more than 60 years. For diabetic therapy, metformin reduces glucose absorption from the intestines, lowers hepatic gluconeogenesis, reduces inflammation, and improves insulin sensitivity. However, despite being widely used as the first-line oral antidiabetic drug, its mechanism of action remains largely elusive. Currently, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that the anti-diabetic effects of metformin were mediated by the regulation of lncRNAs. Metformin-regulated lncRNAs have been shown to participate in the inhibition of gluconeogenesis, regulation of lipid metabolism, and be anti-inflammatory. Thus, this review focuses on the mechanisms of action of metformin in regulating lncRNAs in diabetes, including pathways altered by metformin via targeting lncRNAs, and the potential targets of metformin through modulation of lncRNAs. Knowledge of the mechanisms of lncRNA modulation by metformin in diabetes will aid the development of new therapeutic drugs for T2D in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Chang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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6
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Fu GL, Meng QY, Chen Y, Xin JZ, Liu JH, Dang W, Lu HL. Metformin exposure altered intestinal microbiota composition and metabolites in amphibian larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115617. [PMID: 37866109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The antidiabetic pharmaceutical metformin (MET) is largely unmetabolized by the human body. Its residues are readily detectable in various aquatic environments and may have adverse impacts on the growth and survival of aquatic species. To date, its toxicological effects have scarcely been explored in non-fish species. Here, we exposed the tadpoles of black-spotted pond frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) to different concentrations (0, 1, 10 and 100 μg/L) of MET for 30 days and measured the body size, intestinal microbiota and metabolites to evaluate potential effects of MET exposure in amphibian larvae. MET exposure did not affect the growth and intestinal microbial diversity of tadpoles. However, intestinal microbial composition changed significantly, with some pathogenic bacteria (e.g., bacterial genera Salmonella, Comamonas, Stenotrophomonas, Trichococcus) increasing and some beneficial bacteria (e.g., Blautia, Prevotella) decreasing in MET-exposed tadpoles. The levels of some intestinal metabolites associated with growth and immune performance also changed significantly following MET exposure. Overall, our results indicated that exposure to MET, even at environmentally relevant concentrations, would cause intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and metabolite alteration, thereby influencing the health status of non-target aquatic organisms, such as amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Li Fu
- Herpetological Research Center, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin-Yuan Meng
- Herpetological Research Center, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Zhejiang Dapanshan National Nature Reserve, Jinhua 322300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin-Zhao Xin
- Herpetological Research Center, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Hui Liu
- Herpetological Research Center, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Dang
- Herpetological Research Center, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hong-Liang Lu
- Herpetological Research Center, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China.
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7
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Panikar SS, Keltee N, Berry NK, Shmuel S, Fisher ZT, Brown E, Zidel A, Mabry A, Pereira PMR. Metformin-Induced Receptor Turnover Alters Antibody Accumulation in HER-Expressing Tumors. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1195-1202. [PMID: 37268425 PMCID: PMC10394312 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.265248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin has effects beyond its antihyperglycemic properties, including altering the localization of membrane receptors in cancer cells. Metformin decreases human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) membrane density. Depletion of cell-surface HER decreases antibody-tumor binding for imaging and therapeutic approaches. Here, we used HER-targeted PET to annotate antibody-tumor binding in mice treated with metformin. Methods: Small-animal PET annotated antibody binding in HER-expressing xenografts on administration of an acute versus a daily dose schedule of metformin. Analyses at the protein level in the total, membrane, and internalized cell extracts were performed to determine receptor endocytosis, HER surface and internalized protein levels, and HER phosphorylation. Results: At 24 h after injection of radiolabeled anti-HER antibodies, control tumors had higher antibody accumulation than tumors treated with an acute dose of metformin. These differences were temporal, and by 72 h, tumor uptake in acute cohorts was similar to uptake in control. Additional PET imaging revealed a sustained decrease in tumor uptake on daily metformin treatment compared with control and acute metformin cohorts. The effects of metformin on membrane HER were reversible, and after its removal, antibody-tumor binding was restored. The time- and dose-dependent effects of metformin-induced HER depletion observed preclinically were validated with immunofluorescence, fractionation, and protein analysis cell assays. Conclusion: The findings that metformin decreases cell-surface HER receptors and reduces antibody-tumor binding may have significant implications for the use of antibodies targeting these receptors in cancer treatment and molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Surendra Panikar
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nai Keltee
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Na-Keysha Berry
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Shayla Shmuel
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Zachary T Fisher
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Emma Brown
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Abbey Zidel
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Alex Mabry
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Patrícia M R Pereira
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;
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8
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Siddiqa A, Wang Y, Thapa M, Martin DE, Cadar AN, Bartley JM, Li S. A pilot metabolomic study of drug interaction with the immune response to seasonal influenza vaccination. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:92. [PMID: 37308481 PMCID: PMC10261085 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00682-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Many human diseases, including metabolic diseases, are intertwined with the immune system. The understanding of how the human immune system interacts with pharmaceutical drugs is still limited, and epidemiological studies only start to emerge. As the metabolomics technology matures, both drug metabolites and biological responses can be measured in the same global profiling data. Therefore, a new opportunity presents itself to study the interactions between pharmaceutical drugs and immune system in the high-resolution mass spectrometry data. We report here a double-blinded pilot study of seasonal influenza vaccination, where half of the participants received daily metformin administration. Global metabolomics was measured in the plasma samples at six timepoints. Metformin signatures were successfully identified in the metabolomics data. Statistically significant metabolite features were found both for the vaccination effect and for the drug-vaccine interactions. This study demonstrates the concept of using metabolomics to investigate drug interaction with the immune response in human samples directly at molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnah Siddiqa
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Yating Wang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Maheshwor Thapa
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Dominique E Martin
- Department of Immunology and Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Andreia N Cadar
- Department of Immunology and Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jenna M Bartley
- Department of Immunology and Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Shuzhao Li
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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9
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Liu B, Xu J, Lu L, Gao L, Zhu S, Sui Y, Cao T, Yang T. Metformin induces pyroptosis in leptin receptor-defective hepatocytes via overactivation of the AMPK axis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:82. [PMID: 36737598 PMCID: PMC9898507 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05623-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is the biguanide of hepatic insulin sensitizer for patients with non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Findings regarding its efficacy in restoring blood lipids and liver histology have been contradictory. In this study, we explore metformin's preventive effects on NAFLD in leptin-insensitive individuals. We used liver tissue, serum exosomes and isolated hepatocytes from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and leptin receptor (Lepr) knockout rats to investigate the correlation between hepatic Lepr defective and liver damage caused by metformin. Through immunostaining, RT-PCR and glucose uptake monitoring, we showed that metformin treatment activates adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream cytochrome C oxidase (CCO). This leads to overactivation of glucose catabolism-related genes, excessive energy repertoire consumption, and subsequent hepatocyte pyroptosis. Single-cell RNA sequencing further confirmed the hyper-activation of glucose catabolism after metformin treatment. Altogether, we showed that functional Lepr is necessary for metformin treatment to be effective, and that long-term metformin treatment might promote NAFLD progression in leptin-insensitive individuals. This provides important insight into the clinical application of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingli Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, China
| | - Jingyuan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Linyao Lu
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Shengjuan Zhu
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Yi Sui
- Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China.
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10
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Khan I, Lu Y, Li N, Shi H, Ding L, Hong M, Fang Z. Effect of ammonia stress on AMPK regulating-carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in Chinese striped-neck turtle (Mauremys sinensis). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 263:109491. [PMID: 36257571 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In aquatic organisms, ammonia is one of the major factors that affect energy levels when it exceeds its optimal concentration. Numerous studies have examined the effects of ammonia on aquatic animals, but its effect on metabolism is still unknown. The effect of ammonia on carbohydrates and lipid metabolism in the Chinese striped neck turtle (Mauremys sinensis) was investigated in this study by exposing the turtle to two different ammonia concentrations (A100: 1.53 mg L-1) and (A200: 2.98 mg L-1) for 24 and 48 h, respectively. Our results showed that the mRNA expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α1 (AMPKα1) significantly increased only in A100 at 24 h, whereas its activity increased in both ammonia-exposed groups. The two AMPK-regulated transcription factors responsible for carbohydrate metabolism also exhibited changes in ammonia-treated groups, as hepatocyte nuclear factor-4-alpha (HNF4α) increased and forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) decreased. The expression of phosphofructokinase (PFK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-PAS) was subsequently downregulated. In addition, transcription factors, carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), which are known to be involved in lipogenesis, were suppressed. These downstream genes include fatty acid synthase, stearoyl CoA desaturase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (FAS, SCD-1 and ACC). Moreover, the glucose content decreased, whereas the triglyceride content increased significantly in A200 at 24 h. We concluded that AMPK signaling inhibits gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis, and promotes glycolysis to meet energy demand under stressful conditions in M. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijaz Khan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Island Ecology, Ministry of Education, Hainan key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Yingnan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Island Ecology, Ministry of Education, Hainan key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Island Ecology, Ministry of Education, Hainan key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Island Ecology, Ministry of Education, Hainan key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Li Ding
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Island Ecology, Ministry of Education, Hainan key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
| | - Meiling Hong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Island Ecology, Ministry of Education, Hainan key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
| | - Zhenhua Fang
- School of Tropical Agricultural Technology, Hainan College of Vocation and Technique, Haikou 570216, China.
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Ali A, Unnikannan H, Shafarin J, Bajbouj K, Taneera J, Muhammad JS, Hasan H, Salehi A, Awadallah S, Hamad M. Metformin enhances LDL-cholesterol uptake by suppressing the expression of the pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in liver cells. Endocrine 2022; 76:543-557. [PMID: 35237909 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metformin (MF) intake associates with reduced levels of circulating low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). This has been attributed to the activation of AMPK, which differentially regulates the expression of multiple genes involved in cholesterol synthesis and trafficking. However, the exact mechanism underlying the LDL-C lowering effect of MF remains ambiguous. METHODS MF-treated Hep-G2 and HuH7 cells were evaluated for cell viability and the expression status of key lipid metabolism-related genes along with LDL-C uptake efficiency. RESULTS MF treatment resulted in decreased expression and secretion of PCSK9, increased expression of LDLR and enhanced LDL-C uptake in hepatocytes. It also resulted in increased expression of activated AMPK (p-AMPK) and decreased expression of SREBP2 and HNF-1α proteins. Transcriptomic analysis of MF-treated Hep-G2 cells confirmed these findings and showed that other key lipid metabolism-related genes including those that encode apolipoproteins (APOB, APOC2, APOC3 and APOE), MTTP and LIPC are downregulated. Lastly, MF treatment associated with reduced HMG-CoA reductase expression and activity. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that MF treatment reduces circulating LDL-C levels by suppressing PCSK9 expression and enhancing LDLR expression; hence the potential therapeutic utility of MF in hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ali
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hema Unnikannan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jasmin Shafarin
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khuloud Bajbouj
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jalal Taneera
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haydar Hasan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Albert Salehi
- Department of Clinical science, UMAS, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Metabolic Research Unit, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Samir Awadallah
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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12
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Rahman MO, Ahmed S, Mazumder T, Salam MA, Baral PK, Rana MF, Mitra S, Hossain S, Rahman R, Hussain MS. A comparative evaluation of cardiac and neurological safety status of two commonly used oral hypoglycaemic agents in T2-DM Swiss albino mice model. Metabol Open 2022; 14:100191. [PMID: 35651883 PMCID: PMC9149180 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2022.100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM), along with its associated complications, including diabetic neuropathy and hyperlipidemia, has become a global concern in the last few decades. The main objective of our study is to evaluate the comparative neuro-safety status, serum plasma glucose, and lipid-lowering potential of two widely recognized antidiabetic drugs named metformin and glimepiride. Methods The neurological evaluation was done by open field test, hole board test, forced swimming test, dark and lighthouse test, and elevated plus maze test by employing diazepam as standard. Serum blood glucose level of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice was determined by glucose oxidizing method using a glucometer. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels were estimated by using the reference method where atorvastatin was used as standard. Results In neurological evaluation, both drugs produce almost the same anxiolytic activity in the open field test, hole board test, light and dark house test, and elevated plus maze test. However, in the forced swimming test, glimepiride produced more antidepressant activity than metformin. Glimepiride was found to remarkably reduce serum glucose and VLDL-C levels more than metformin, whereas, for other parameters, metformin takes over glimepiride sometimes took over the standard atorvastatin. Conclusions The results of our study indicate that both oral hypoglycaemic drugs alter the lipid index while producing some anxiolytic effects on the central nervous system. Thus, recommended to be carefully administered to patients with low BMI and might be beneficial to patients suffering from peripheral nerve function and anxiety.
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13
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Robeson MS, Manna K, Randolph C, Byrum S, Hakkak R. Short-Term Metformin Treatment Enriches Bacteroides dorei in an Obese Liver Steatosis Zucker Rat Model. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:834776. [PMID: 35432282 PMCID: PMC9006818 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.834776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the leading cause of health-related diseases in the United States and World. Previously, we reported that obesity can change gut microbiota using the Zucker rat model. Metformin is an oral anti-hyperglycemic agent approved by the FDA to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adults and children older than 10 years of age. The correlation of short-term metformin treatment and specific alterations to the gut microbiota in obese models is less known. Short-term metformin has been shown to reduce liver steatosis. Here we investigate the effects of short-term metformin treatment on population of gut microbiota profile in an obese rat model. Five week old obese (n = 12) female Zucker rats after 1 week of acclimation, received AIN-93 G diet for 8 weeks and then rats were randomly assigned into two groups (6 rats/group): (1) obese without metformin (ObC), or (2) obese with metformin (ObMet). Metformin was mixed with AIN-93G diet at 1,000 mg/kg of diet. Rats were weighed twice per week. All rats were sacrificed at the end of metformin treatment at 10 weeks and fecal samples were collected and kept at -80°C. Total microbial DNA was collected directly from the fecal samples used for shotgun-metagenomics sequencing and subsequently analyzed using MetaPlAn and HUMAnN. After stringent data filtering and quality control we found significant differences (p = 0.0007) in beta diversity (Aitchison distances) between the ObC vs. ObMet groups. Supervised and unsupervised analysis of the log-ratios Bacteroides dorei and B. massiliensis vs. all other Bacteroides spp., revealed that B. dorei and B. massiliensis were enriched in the ObMet group, while the remaining Bacteroides spp. where enriched in the ObC group (p = 0.002). The contributional diversity of pathways is also significantly associated by treatment group (p = 0.008). In summary, in the obese Zucker rat model, short-term metformin treatment changes the gut microbiota profile, particularly altering the composition Bacteroides spp. between ObC and ObMet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Robeson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Kanishka Manna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | | | - Stephanie Byrum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Reza Hakkak
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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14
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Trujillo-Del Río C, Tortajada-Pérez J, Gómez-Escribano AP, Casterá F, Peiró C, Millán JM, Herrero MJ, Vázquez-Manrique RP. Metformin to treat Huntington disease: a pleiotropic drug against a multi-system disorder. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 204:111670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Huang KH, Lee CH, Cheng YD, Gau SY, Tsai TH, Chung NJ, Lee CY. Correlation between long-term use of metformin and incidence of NAFLD among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A real-world cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1027484. [PMID: 36531446 PMCID: PMC9748475 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1027484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Studies have demonstrated that the short-term use of metformin benefits liver function among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, few studies have reported on the effects of long-term metformin treatment on liver function or liver histology. This study investigated the correlation between metformin use and the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among patients with T2DM. METHODS This population-based study investigated the risk of NAFLD among patients with T2DM who received metformin treatment between 2001-2018. Metformin users and metformin nonusers were enrolled and matched to compare the risk of NAFLD. RESULTS After 3 years, the patients who received <300 cDDD of metformin and those with metformin use intensity of <10 and 10-25 DDD/month had odds ratios (ORs) of 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06-1.16), 1.08 (95% CI = 1.02-1.13), and 1.18 (95% CI = 1.11-1.26) for NAFLD, respectively. Moreover, metformin users who scored high on the Diabetes Complications and Severity Index (DCSI) were at high risk of NAFLD. Patients with comorbid hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, obesity, and hepatitis C were also at high risk of NAFLD. CONCLUSION Patients with T2DM who received metformin of <300 cDDD or used metformin at an intensity of <10 and 10-25 DDD/month were at a high risk of developing NAFLD. The results of this study also indicated that patients with T2DM receiving metformin and with high scores on the DCSI were at a high risk of developing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Hua Huang
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Hsiang Lee
- School of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Dih Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-Yan Gau
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Han Tsai
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Jen Chung
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ying Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chien-Ying Lee,
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16
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Kamboj P, Bishnoi A, Handa S, Dutta P, Nahar Saikia U, Pal A, De D. Effects of metformin on experimentally induced acne on rabbit ear. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:966-972. [PMID: 33847400 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for the effectiveness of metformin in the treatment of acne is limited. To assess its efficacy, comedones were experimentally induced in young New Zealand rabbit ear using Isopropyl Myristate (IM) followed by metformin treatment (30 mg/kg bodyweight) for 60 days with continued IM application. In another group, to check whether metformin pre-treatment affects subsequent comedone development by IM, metformin was given for 14 days and then withdrawn (14 days) followed by comedone development with IM and metformin treatment. At different time points, dermatoscopic images of rabbit ear were taken for clinical assessment. Blood and biopsy samples were taken for hormonal assessment, histological examination and gene expression. Histologically confirmed acne model was developed in rabbit ear. Follicular size increased significantly (p = 0.0004 in both groups) upon IM application. Metformin significantly decreased comedones size as observed in dermatoscopic (p = 0.0003 in group I, p = 0.0190 in group II) and histological examination (p = 0.0313 in group I and II). However, size of comedones developed after metformin pretreatment was significantly (p < 0.0001) smaller. The lipid content of sebaceous glands decreased with metformin without any significant changes in the assessed hormones and genetic expression. Overall, metformin was found to be clinically effective in experimentally induced acne and can be used in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Kamboj
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anuradha Bishnoi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjeev Handa
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pinaki Dutta
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Uma Nahar Saikia
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arnab Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Dipankar De
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Deng W, Sun J, Chang ZG, Gou NN, Wu WY, Luo XL, Zhou JS, Yu HB, Ji H. Energy response and fatty acid metabolism in Onychostoma macrolepis exposed to low-temperature stress. J Therm Biol 2020; 94:102725. [PMID: 33292981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Temperature is a key environmental factor, and understanding how its fluctuations affect physiological and metabolic processes is critical for fish. The present study characterizes the energy response and fatty acid metabolism in Onychostoma macrolepis exposed to low temperature (10 °C). The results demonstrated that cold stress remarkably disrupted the energy homeostasis of O. macrolepis, then the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) could strategically mobilize carbohydrates and lipids. In particular, when the O. macrolepis were faced with cold stress, the lipolysis was stimulated along with the enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation for energy, while the fatty acid synthesis was supressed in the early stage. Additionally, the fatty acid composition analysis suggested that saturated fatty acid (SFA) might accumulate while monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in storage lipids (mainly containing non-polar lipid, NPL) could be utilized to supply energy during cold acclimation. Altogether, this study may provide some meritorious for understanding the cold-tolerant mechanism of fish in the viewpoint of energy balance combined with fatty acid metabolism, and thus to contribute to this species rearing in fish farms in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhi-Guang Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ni-Na Gou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Wen-Yi Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Long Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ji-Shu Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Hai-Bo Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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18
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Jiang H, Zhang N, Ji C, Meng X, Qian K, Zheng Y, Wang J. Metabolic and transcriptome responses of RNAi-mediated AMPKα knockdown in Tribolium castaneum. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:655. [PMID: 32967608 PMCID: PMC7510082 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an intracellular fuel sensor for lipid and glucose metabolism. In addition to the short-term regulation of metabolic enzymes by phosphorylation, AMPK may also exert long-term effects on the transcription of downstream genes through the regulation of transcription factors and coactivators. In this study, RNA interference (RNAi) was conducted to investigate the effects of knockdown of TcAMPKα on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, and the transcriptome profiles of dsTcAMPKα-injected and dsEGFP-injected beetles under normal conditions were compared by RNA-sequencing. Results RNAi-mediated suppression of TcAMPKα increased whole-body triglyceride (TG) level and the ratio between glucose and trehalose, as was confirmed by in vivo treatment with the AMPK-activating compound, 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR). A total of 1184 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between dsTcAMPKα-injected and dsEGFP-injected beetles. These include genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed the differential expression of selected genes. Interestingly, metabolism-related transcription factors such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) were also significantly upregulated in dsTcAMPKα-injected beetles. Conclusions AMPK plays a critical role in the regulation of beetle metabolism. The findings of DEGs involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism provide valuable insight into the role of AMPK signaling in the transcriptional regulation of insect metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Caihong Ji
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiangkun Meng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Kun Qian
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Hu B, Yang XB, Sang XT. Construction of a lipid metabolism-related and immune-associated prognostic signature for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:7646-7662. [PMID: 32813933 PMCID: PMC7571839 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies. We aimed to identify a robust lipid metabolism-related signature associated with the HCC microenvironment to improve the prognostic prediction of HCC patients. METHODS We analyzed the gene expression profiles of lipid metabolism from Molecular Signatures Database and information of patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed for functional annotation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to verify the expression of model genes in HCC and adjacent tissues. RESULTS As a result, a lipid metabolism-related signature consisting of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 6 (ACSL6), lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1, phospholipase A2 group 1B, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), and sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 4 (SMPD4) was identified among HCC patients. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1, PLA2G1B, and SMPD4 were proved significantly high expression while ACSL6 and LCAT were remarkably low expression in our 15 pairs of matched HCC and normal tissues by qRT-PCR. Under different conditions, the overall survival (OS) of patients in low-risk group was prolonged than that in high-risk group. Moreover, the as-constructed signature was an independent factor, which was remarkably associated with gender, histologic grade, and platelet level of HCC patients. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis confirmed the good potency of the model. Functional enrichment analysis further revealed that lower fatty acid (FA) oxidation and higher infiltration of immunocytes were detected in patients from the high-risk group compared with those in the low-risk group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the lipid metabolism-related signature shows prognostic significance for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Tanaka Y, Ikeda T, Ogawa H, Kamisako T. Ezetimibe Markedly Reduces Hepatic Triglycerides and Cholesterol in Rats Fed on Fish Oil by Increasing the Expression of Cholesterol Efflux Transporters. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:175-183. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.265660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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21
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Astorkia M, Hernández M, Bocs S, Ponce K, León O, Morales S, Quezada N, Orellana F, Wendra F, Sembiring Z, Asmono D, Ritter E. Detection of significant SNP associated with production and oil quality traits in interspecific oil palm hybrids using RARSeq. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 291:110366. [PMID: 31928673 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A RARSeq based Association mapping study was performed in a population of 104 Elaeis oleifera x E. guineensis hybrids of five origins with the aim of finding functional markers associated to six productive and 19 oil quality traits. For this purpose mRNA of each genotype was isolated and double stranded cDNA was synthesized. Following digestion with two restriction enzymes and adapter ligation, a size selected pool of barcoded amplicons was produced and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. The obtained sequences were processed with a "snakemake" pipeline, filtered and missing values were imputed. For all traits except two significant effects of the origin was observed. Genetic diversity analyses revealed high variability within origins and an excess of heterozygosity in the population. Two GLM models with Q matrix or PCA matrix as covariates and two MLM models incorporating in addition a Kinship matrix were tested for genotype-phenotype associations using GAPIT software. Using unadjusted p values (< 0.01) 78 potential associations were detected involving 25 SNP and 20 traits. When applying FDR multiple testing with p < 0.05, 25 significant associations remained involving eight SNP and six quality traits. Four SNP were located in genes with a potential relevant biological meaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maider Astorkia
- NEIKER Tecnalia, Campus Agroalimentario De Arkaute, Apdo 46. 01080 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Mónica Hernández
- NEIKER Tecnalia, Campus Agroalimentario De Arkaute, Apdo 46. 01080 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Stéphanie Bocs
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France; AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France; South Green Bioinformatics Platform, Bioversity, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Kevin Ponce
- La Fabril SA, Km 5.5 via Manta, Montecristi, Avenida 113, 130902, Manta, Ecuador
| | - Olga León
- Energy & Palma SA, Av. Atahualpa E3-49 y Juan Gonzales, Ed. Fundación Pérez Pallarez, Officina 4ª, 170507, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Shone Morales
- La Fabril SA, Km 5.5 via Manta, Montecristi, Avenida 113, 130902, Manta, Ecuador
| | - Nathalie Quezada
- La Fabril SA, Km 5.5 via Manta, Montecristi, Avenida 113, 130902, Manta, Ecuador
| | - Francisco Orellana
- Energy & Palma SA, Av. Atahualpa E3-49 y Juan Gonzales, Ed. Fundación Pérez Pallarez, Officina 4ª, 170507, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Fahmi Wendra
- Department of Research & Development, PT Sampoerna Agro Tbk., Jl. Basuki Rahmat No. 788, Palembang, 30127, Indonesia
| | - Zulhermana Sembiring
- Department of Research & Development, PT Sampoerna Agro Tbk., Jl. Basuki Rahmat No. 788, Palembang, 30127, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Asmono
- Department of Research & Development, PT Sampoerna Agro Tbk., Jl. Basuki Rahmat No. 788, Palembang, 30127, Indonesia
| | - Enrique Ritter
- NEIKER Tecnalia, Campus Agroalimentario De Arkaute, Apdo 46. 01080 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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22
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Chengnan L, Pagneux Q, Voronova A, Barras A, Abderrahmani A, Plaisance V, Pawlowski V, Hennuyer N, Staels B, Rosselle L, Skandrani N, Li M, Boukherroub R, Szunerits S. Near-infrared light activatable hydrogels for metformin delivery. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:15810-15820. [PMID: 31270521 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02707f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Drug loaded hydrogels have proven to be versatile controlled-release systems. We report here on heat active hydrogel formation by mixing graphene oxide (GO) or carboxyl enriched reduced graphene oxide (rGO-COOH) with metformin hydrochloride, an insulin sensitizer drug currently used as the first line therapy to treat patients with type 2 diabetes. The driving forces of the gelation process between the graphene-based nanomaterial and metformin are hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, weakened at elevated temperature. Using the excellent photothermal properties of the graphene matrixes, we demonstrate that these supramolecular drug reservoirs can be photothermally activated for transdermal metformin delivery. A sustained delivery of metformin was achieved using a laser power of 1 W cm-2. In vitro assessment of the key target Glucose-6 Phosphatase (G6P) gene expression using a human hepatocyte model confirmed that metformin activity was unaffected by photothermal activation. In vivo, metformin was detected in mice plasma at 1 h post-activation of the metformin loaded rGO-COOH gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chengnan
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Univ. Valenciennes, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
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23
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Schulten HJ, Bakhashab S. Meta-Analysis of Microarray Expression Studies on Metformin in Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133173. [PMID: 31261735 PMCID: PMC6650866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that metformin (MTF) acts with variable efficiency as an anticancer agent. The pleiotropic anticancer effects of MTF on cancer cells have not been fully explored yet. By interrogating the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) for microarray expression data, we identified eight eligible submissions, representing five different studies, that employed various conditions including different cell lines, MTF concentrations, treatment durations, and cellular components. A compilation of the data sets of 13 different conditions contained 443 repeatedly up- and 387 repeatedly down-regulated genes; the majority of these 830 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with higher MTF concentrations and longer MTF treatment. The most frequently upregulated genes include DNA damage inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4), chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 2 (CHD2), endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 (ERN1), and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). The most commonly downregulated genes include arrestin domain containing 4 (ARRDC4), and thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP). The most significantly (p-value < 0.05, Fisher’s exact test) overrepresented protein class was entitled, nucleic acid binding. Cholesterol biosynthesis and other metabolic pathways were specifically affected by downregulated pathway molecules. In addition, cell cycle pathways were significantly related to the data set. Generated networks were significantly related to, e.g., carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cancer, cell cycle, and DNA replication, recombination, and repair. A second compilation comprised genes that were at least under one condition up- and in at least another condition down-regulated. Herein, the most frequently deregulated genes include nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) and insulin induced gene 1 (INSIG1). The most significantly overrepresented protein classes in this compilation were entitled, nucleic acid binding, ubiquitin-protein ligase, and mRNA processing factor. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive list of deregulated genes and biofunctions related to in vitro MTF application and individual responses to different conditions. Biofunctions affected by MTF include, e.g., cholesterol synthesis and other metabolic pathways, cell cycle, and DNA replication, recombination, and repair. These findings can assist in defining the conditions in which MTF exerts additive or synergistic effects in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sherin Bakhashab
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80218, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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24
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Meziane W, Mekkaoui Z, Hai I, Kacimi K, Djilali K, Touil-Boukoffa C, Lefranc G, Fernandez A, Lamb N, Mennechet F, Aribi M. Combination of metformin with sodium selenite induces a functional phenotypic switch of human GM-CSF monocyte-derived macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 73:212-224. [PMID: 31108386 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the effects of metformin (Met, 1,1‑dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride) combined or not with sodium selenite (Ss, Na2SeO3) on the functional activities of LPS-activated GM-CSF monocyte-derived macrophages (GM-MDM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Human GM-MDMs from three healthy donors were treated with Met or Ss alone, or with the combination of Met and Ss, and assayed for various biological activities and cytokines expression. RESULTS Met alone and Ss alone had significantly different effects on phagocytosis and killing capacities and IL-β production, but had similar effects on the downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, relative nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced (NADH) dehydrogenase (Complex I), intracellular free calcium ions (ifCa2+), and on the upregulation of arginase activity. Additionally, iNOS activity-to-arginase activity ratio was downregulated in Met or Ss treated-GM-MDMs, and, conversely, upregulated in GM-MDMs treated with Met + Ss in combination, indicating that arginase activity dominates that of iNOS when the two treatments are associated. Moreover, combination of Met with Ss significantly upregulated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and phagocytic capacity, but significantly downregulated the production of IL-1β, iNOS activity and killing capacity. On the contrary, we show that Met alone induced significant downregulation of phagocytic capacity and slight upregulation of killing capacity. Nevertheless, Ss seems to accentuate the effect of Met on the downregulation of NO production, as well as to reverse its effect on both phagocytic and killing capacities. On the other hand, all treatments induced a sharp decrease in relative levels of NADH dehydrogenase, and a marked decrease in the levels of ifCa2+. Finally, we found that GM-MDMs treated with Met or Ss, or Met combined with Ss exhibited different functional activation phenotypes, as indicated by the surface expression of co-stimulatory and cell activation and presentation molecules CD14, CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that Met/Ss combination can play an important role in the modulation of functional activities of human LPS-activated GM-MDMs. Additionally, the overall effects of Met and the induction of "M2" GM-MDMs-associated arginase could be influenced by its combination with Ss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warda Meziane
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, BioMolim, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Zineb Mekkaoui
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, BioMolim, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Ismahane Hai
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, BioMolim, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Kamila Kacimi
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, BioMolim, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Khuira Djilali
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, BioMolim, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Chafia Touil-Boukoffa
- Cytokines and NO Synthases Team, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LBCM), Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32 El-Alia Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Gérard Lefranc
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Fernandez
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ned Lamb
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Mennechet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM) - UMR5535, CNRS et Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Mourad Aribi
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, BioMolim, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria.
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25
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Ghim JL, Phuong NTT, Kim MJ, Kim EJ, Song GS, Ahn S, Shin JG, Kim EY. Pharmacokinetics of fixed-dose combination of atorvastatin and metformin compared with individual tablets. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:1623-1632. [PMID: 31190741 PMCID: PMC6525001 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s193254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aims of this study was to investigate the mutual pharmacokinetic interactions between steady-state atorvastatin and metformin and the effect of food on the fixed-dose combined (FDC) tablet of atorvastatin and metformin extended release (XR). Subjects and methods: Study 1, an open-labeled, fixed sequence, multiple-dose pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction study, was divided into 2 parts. Atorvastatin (40 mg) or metformin (1,000 mg) XR tablets were administered once daily via mono- or co-therapy for 7 days. Plasma levels of atorvastatin and 2-OH-atorvastatin, were quantitatively determined for 36 h in part A (n=50) while metformin plasma concentration was measured up to 24 h in part B (n=16) after the last dosing. Study 2, a randomized, open-labeled, single-dose, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence crossover study, involved 27 healthy subjects to investigate the impact of food intake on the pharmacokinetics of a combined atorvastatin/metformin XR 20/500 mg (CJ-30056 20/500 mg) tablet. Results: After multiple doses of mono- or co-therapy of atorvastatin (40 mg) and metformin (1,000 mg) XR, the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the geometric mean ratios (GMRs) for the peak plasma concentration at steady state (Cmax,ss) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve during the dosing interval at steady state (AUCτ,ss) were 1.07 (0.94-1.22) and 1.05 (0.99-1.10) for atorvastatin, 1.06 (0.96-1.16) and 1.16 (1.10-1.21) for 2-OH-atorvastatin, and 1.00 (0.86-1.18) and 0.99 (0.87-1.13) for metformin, respectively. Food delayed time to reach maximum concentration (tmax), decreased atorvastatin Cmax by 32% with a GMR (90% CI) of 0.68 (0.59-0.78), and increased metformin AUCt by 56% with a GMR (90% CI) of 1.56 (1.43-1.69). Conclusion: No clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interaction was seen when atorvastatin was co-administered with metformin. Food appeared to change the absorption of atorvastatin and metformin from an FDC formulation. These alterations were in accordance with those described with the single reference drugs when ingested with food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Lyul Ghim
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Thi Thu Phuong
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Haiphong, Vietnam
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Kim
- CJ HealthCare Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sangzin Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gook Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
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26
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Zhang C, Hu J, Sheng L, Yuan M, Wu Y, Chen L, Zheng G, Qiu Z. Metformin delays AKT/c-Met-driven hepatocarcinogenesis by regulating signaling pathways for de novo lipogenesis and ATP generation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 365:51-60. [PMID: 30625338 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal malignancy with few effective options for therapeutic treatment in its advanced stages. Metformin, a first-line oral agent used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, exhibits efficacy in metabolic reprogramming fueling changes in cell growth and proliferation for multiple cancer types, including HCC. However, the molecular mechanism by which metformin delays hepatocarcinogenesis in individuals with hepatic steatosis remains rare. Here, we investigate the preventive efficacy of metformin in a rapid AKT/c-Met-triggered HCC mouse model featuring excessive levels of steatosis. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, Oil Red O staining and immunoblotting were applied for mechanistic investigations. Pharmacological and biochemical strategies were employed to illuminate molecular evidence for HCC cell lines. The results show that metformin obstructs the malignant transformation of hepatocytes in AKT/c-Met mice. Mechanistically, metformin reduces the expression of phospho-ERK (Thr202/Tyr204) and two forms of proto-oncogenes, Cyclin D1 and c-Myc, in AKT/c-Met mice. Moreover, metformin ameliorates FASN-mediated aberrant lipogenesis and HK2/PKM2-driven ATP generation in vivo. Furthermore, metformin represses the expression of FASN and HK-2 by targeting c-Myc in an AMPK-dependent manner in vitro. In addition, metformin is effective at inhibiting PKM2 expression in the presence of an AMPK inhibitor compound C, suggesting that its functioning in PKM2 is AMPK-independent. Our study experimentally validates a novel molecular mechanism by which metformin alleviates enhanced lipogenesis and high energy metabolism during hepatocarcinogenesis, indicating that metformin may serve as an agent for the prevention of HCC in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Sheng
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenpeng Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Sui Y, Kong X, Fan R, Ye Y, Mai H, Zhuo S, Lu W, Ruan P, Fang S, Yang T. Long-term treatment with metformin in the prevention of fatty liver in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:94. [PMID: 31749893 PMCID: PMC6852932 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with metformin, the biguanide of hepatic insulin sensitizer, in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been reported with contradictory findings regarding the effectiveness on blood lipids and liver histology. In this study, we aimed to explore the preventive effects of metformin on NAFLD in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. METHODS Male ZDF rats and Zucker lean rats aged 4-8 weeks were subjected to vehicle or metformin treatment for 6 months. Liver cDNA microarray assay, and protein semiquantitative and histological examinations were performed. RESULTS Data demonstrated that ZDF rats developed hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, liver deficiency and hepatocyte degeneration. The metformin treatment significantly reduced post-load blood glucose levels, but not blood lipid profiles or liver enzyme levels. Hepatocyte degeneration was not attenuated after the treatment. The metformin-treated ZDF rats showed activation of AMP-activated protein kinase by Western blot and overexpression of cytochrome c oxidase by immunofluorescent microscopy. Gene expression microarray assay demonstrated that a panel of genes participating in glucose and lipid metabolisms were changed in the ZDF rats, and most of the altered genes involved in glucose and cholesterol metabolisms, but not those in fatty acid metabolisms, were corrected by the metformin treatment. No genes associated with inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, or cell death were overexpressed in the metformin-treated ZDF rats. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that long-term metformin treatment presents no preventive effect for NAFLD in ZDF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sui
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Xianhe Kong
- Endoscopy Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655 China
| | - Rongrong Fan
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yanbin Ye
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Haiyan Mai
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Shuyu Zhuo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Peishan Ruan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Shi Fang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Tao Yang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399 China
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28
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Zhang F, Sun W, Chen J, Jiang L, Yang P, Huang Y, Gong A, Liu S, Ma S. SREBP-2, a new target of metformin? DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:4163-4170. [PMID: 30584280 PMCID: PMC6287532 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s190094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Metformin, as the first-line treatment anti-diabetic drug, represents increasing evidence of a potential efficacy in improving dyslipidemia. However, the exact molecular mechanism(s) by which metformin influences lipid metabolism remains incompletely understood. Methods The HepG2 cells were treated with metformin and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor compound C or a dominant-negative form of AMPK plasmid. ELISA assay was employed to measure AMPK activity, and cellular cholesterol content was determined by enzymatic colorimetric method. RT-PCR and western blotting were used to detect SREBP-2 mRNA levels and its target protein levels. Results We found that metformin significantly stimulated AMPK activity and decreased intracellular total cholesterol contents in HepG2 cells. Metformin reduced the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) and its downstream target proteins and increased low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) levels. Conclusion Our preliminary results demonstrate that metformin as a first-line and initial medication suppresses the synthesis of SREBP-2 and upregulates LDLR, and consequently decreases cholesterol production via activation of AMPK, at least partly. These findings suggest a therapeutic target and potential beneficial effects of metformin on the prevention of dyslipidemia or related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Wenxiu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Taishan Vocational College of Nursing, Taian 271000, China
| | - Jianbo Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Rongjun General Hospital, Jinan 250013, China,
| | - Lusheng Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Rongjun General Hospital, Jinan 250013, China,
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Rongjun General Hospital, Jinan 250013, China,
| | - Yufang Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Rongjun General Hospital, Jinan 250013, China,
| | - Aihua Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Rongjun General Hospital, Jinan 250013, China,
| | - Shudong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Rongjun General Hospital, Jinan 250013, China,
| | - Shizhan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China,
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Insulin resistance (IR) is recognized to play an important role in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia. This review summarizes the complex interplay between IR and dyslipidemia in people with and without diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS IR impacts the metabolism of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) by several mechanisms. Trials with insulin sensitizing therapies, including biguanides and thiazolidinediones, have provided inconsistent results on lipid lowering in people with and without diabetes. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiological interplay between IR and dyslipidemia and recapitulate lipid and lipoprotein data from insulin-sensitizing trials. Further research elucidating the reciprocal relationship between IR and dyslipidemia is needed to better target these important risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Bjornstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 East 16th Ave, Box B26, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Robert H Eckel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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30
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van Stee MF, de Graaf AA, Groen AK. Actions of metformin and statins on lipid and glucose metabolism and possible benefit of combination therapy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:94. [PMID: 29960584 PMCID: PMC6026339 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes type 2 have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and commonly use combination therapy consisting of the anti-diabetic drug metformin and a cholesterol-lowering statin. However, both drugs act on glucose and lipid metabolism which could lead to adverse effects when used in combination as compared to monotherapy. In this review, the proposed molecular mechanisms of action of statin and metformin therapy in patients with diabetes and dyslipidemia are critically assessed, and a hypothesis for mechanisms underlying interactions between these drugs in combination therapy is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariël F. van Stee
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert A. de Graaf
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Albert K. Groen
- Amsterdam Diabetes Center and Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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31
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Lu ZX, Xu WJ, Wu YS, Li CY, Chen YT. Identification of Potential Therapeutic Targets in the Liver of Pioglitazone-Treated Type 2 Diabetes Sprague-Dawley Rats via Expression Profile Chip and iTRAQ Assay. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:8120847. [PMID: 29744368 PMCID: PMC5878868 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8120847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify key antidiabetic nodes in the livers of pioglitazone-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rats by transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. Rats were randomly divided into the control, the diabetes model, and the pioglitazone-treated groups. After treatment with pioglitazone for 11 weeks, the effects on fasting blood glucose, body weight, and blood biochemistry parameters were evaluated. Microarray and iTRAQ analysis were used to determine the differentially expressed genes/proteins in rat livers. 1.5-fold changes in gene expression and 1.2-fold changes in protein were set as the screening criteria. After treatment with pioglitazone for 11 weeks, fasting blood glucose in pioglitazone-treated rats was significantly lower than that in the model group. There was a tendency for pioglitazone to reduce TC, TG, TP, ALB, BUN, and HDL-c levels. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) were applied to analyze differentially expressed genes/proteins. Furthermore, Western blotting and RT-qPCR were used to validate the results of microarray and iTRAQ. In conclusion, Cyp7a1, Cp, and RT1-EC2 are differentially expressed genes/proteins since they showed a similar trend in rats in the model group and the pioglitazone-treated group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Xia Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Wen-Jun Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yang-Sheng Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chang-Yu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yi-Tao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Vianna AGD, Sanches CP, Barreto FC. Review article: effects of type 2 diabetes therapies on bone metabolism. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2017; 9:75. [PMID: 29021829 PMCID: PMC5613523 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-017-0274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes complications and osteoporotic fractures are two of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in older patients, and they share many features, including genetic susceptibility, molecular mechanisms, and environmental factors. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compromises bone microarchitecture by inducing abnormal bone cell function and matrix structure with increased osteoblast apoptosis, diminished osteoblast differentiation, and enhanced osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. The linkage between these two chronic diseases creates a possibility that certain antidiabetic therapies may affect bone function. The treatment of T2DM has been improved in the past two decades with the development of new therapeutic drugs. Each class has a pathophysiologic target related to the regulation of the energy metabolism and insulin secretion. However, both glycemic homeostasis and bone homeostasis are under the control of common regulatory factors. This background allows the individual pharmacological targets of antidiabetic therapies to affect bone quality due to their indirect effects on bone cell differentiation and the bone remodeling process. With a greater number of diabetic patients and antidiabetic agents being launched, it is critical to highlight the consequences of this disease and its pharmacological agents on bone health and fracture risk. Currently, there is little scientific knowledge approaching the impact of most anti-diabetic treatments on bone quality and fracture risk. Thus, this review aims to explore the pros and cons of the available pharmacologic treatments for T2DM on bone mineral density and risk fractures in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. G. D. Vianna
- Curitiba Diabetes Center, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças, Rua Alcides Munhoz, 433–4° andar–Mercês, Curitiba, Paraná 80810-040 Brazil
- Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155–Bloco Medicina–Prado Velho, Curitiba, Paraná 80215-901 Brazil
| | - C. P. Sanches
- Curitiba Diabetes Center, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças, Rua Alcides Munhoz, 433–4° andar–Mercês, Curitiba, Paraná 80810-040 Brazil
| | - F. C. Barreto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Rua General Carneiro, 181–Alto da Gloria, Curitiba, Paraná 80060-900 Brazil
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Athreya AP, Kalari KR, Cairns J, Gaglio AJ, Wills QF, Niu N, Weinshilboum R, Iyer RK, Wang L. Model-based unsupervised learning informs metformin-induced cell-migration inhibition through an AMPK-independent mechanism in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:27199-27215. [PMID: 28423712 PMCID: PMC5432329 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that model-based unsupervised learning can uniquely discriminate single-cell subpopulations by their gene expression distributions, which in turn allow us to identify specific genes for focused functional studies. This method was applied to MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells treated with the antidiabetic drug metformin, which is being repurposed for treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Unsupervised learning identified a cluster of metformin-treated cells characterized by a significant suppression of 230 genes (p-value < 2E-16). This analysis corroborates known studies of metformin action: a) pathway analysis indicated known mechanisms related to metformin action, including the citric acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial dysfunction (p-value < 1E-9); b) 70% of these 230 genes were functionally implicated in metformin response; c) among remaining lesser functionally-studied genes for metformin-response was CDC42, down-regulated in breast cancer treated with metformin. However, CDC42's mechanisms in metformin response remained unclear. Our functional studies showed that CDC42 was involved in metformin-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and cell migration mediated through an AMPK-independent mechanism. Our results points to 230 genes that might serve as metformin response signatures, which needs to be tested in patients treated with metformin and, further investigation of CDC42 and AMPK-independence's role in metformin's anticancer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun P. Athreya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Krishna R. Kalari
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Junmei Cairns
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alan J. Gaglio
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Quin F. Wills
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nifang Niu
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard Weinshilboum
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ravishankar K. Iyer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Soto-Acosta R, Bautista-Carbajal P, Cervantes-Salazar M, Angel-Ambrocio AH, del Angel RM. DENV up-regulates the HMG-CoA reductase activity through the impairment of AMPK phosphorylation: A potential antiviral target. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006257. [PMID: 28384260 PMCID: PMC5383345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease in humans. Changes of lipid-related metabolites in endoplasmic reticulum of dengue virus (DENV) infected cells have been associated with replicative complexes formation. Previously, we reported that DENV infection inhibits HMGCR phosphorylation generating a cholesterol-enriched cellular environment in order to favor viral replication. In this work, using enzymatic assays, ELISA, and WB we found a significant higher activity of HMGCR in DENV infected cells, associated with the inactivation of AMPK. AMPK activation by metformin declined the HMGCR activity suggesting that AMPK inactivation mediates the enhanced activity of HMGCR. A reduction on AMPK phosphorylation activity was observed in DENV infected cells at 12 and 24 hpi. HMGCR and cholesterol co-localized with viral proteins NS3, NS4A and E, suggesting a role for HMGCR and AMPK activity in the formation of DENV replicative complexes. Furthermore, metformin and lovastatin (HMGCR inhibitor) altered this co-localization as well as replicative complexes formation supporting that active HMGCR is required for replicative complexes formation. In agreement, metformin prompted a significant dose-dependent antiviral effect in DENV infected cells, while compound C (AMPK inhibitor) augmented the viral genome copies and the percentage of infected cells. The PP2A activity, the main modulating phosphatase of HMGCR, was not affected by DENV infection. These data demonstrate that the elevated activity of HMGCR observed in DENV infected cells is mediated through AMPK inhibition and not by increase in PP2A activity. Interestingly, the inhibition of this phosphatase showed an antiviral effect in an HMGCR-independent manner. These results suggest that DENV infection increases HMGCR activity through AMPK inactivation leading to higher cholesterol levels in endoplasmic reticulum necessary for replicative complexes formation. This work provides new information about the mechanisms involved in host lipid metabolism during DENV replicative cycle and identifies new potential antiviral targets for DENV replication. DENV replicative complexes formation is associated with changes of lipid-related metabolites in endoplasmic reticulum, such as an increase in cholesterol synthesis. This increase correlates with a significant augment in the activity of HMGCoA reductase (the limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis), favoring a cholesterol-enriched cellular environment. The augment in the activity of the HMGCR observed in infected cells is caused by a decrease in the phosphorylation level of the HMGCR, associated with the inactivation of AMPK. In agreement, AMPK activation by metformin reduces HMGCR activity and affects viral replication. The role HMGCR and AMPK activity in DENV replicative complexes formation was confirmed by the co-localization of HMGCR and cholesterol with the viral proteins NS3, NS4A and E. Furthermore, metformin and lovastatin (HMGCR inhibitor) treatments altered this co-localization as well as replicative complexes formation supporting that active HMGCR is required for replicative complexes formation. The results show that during DENV infection, an increase in the HMGCR activity occurs through AMPK inactivation, leading to higher cholesterol levels in endoplasmic reticulum necessary for replicative complexes formation. This work provides new information about the mechanisms involved in host lipid metabolism during DENV replicative cycle and identifies potential new antiviral targets for DENV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Soto-Acosta
- Departmento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, México, D.F., México
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Rosa M. del Angel
- Departmento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, México, D.F., México
- * E-mail:
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Ward J, Reyes AR, Kurumbail RG. Allosteric Modulation of AMPK Enzymatic Activity: In Vitro Characterization. Methods Enzymol 2016; 587:481-509. [PMID: 28253974 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric serine/threonine protein kinase found in nearly all eukaryotes that functions as a master energy sensor in cells. During times of cell stress and changes in the AMP/ATP ratio, AMPK becomes activated and phosphorylates a multitude of protein substrates involved in various cellular processes such as metabolism, cell growth and autophagy. The endogenous ligand AMP is known to bind to the γ-subunit and activates the enzyme via three distinct mechanisms (1) enhancing phosphorylation by upstream kinases of Thr172 in the activation loop (a site critical for AMPK activity), (2) protecting Thr172 from dephosphorylation by phosphatases, and (3) allosteric activation of the kinase activity. Given the important regulatory role for AMPK in various cellular processes and the multiple known modes of activation, there is great interest in identifying small-molecule activators of this kinase and a need for assays to identify and characterize compounds. Here we describe several assay formats that have been used for identifying and characterizing small-molecule AMPK activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ward
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, United States.
| | - A R Reyes
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - R G Kurumbail
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT, United States
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Yang X, Xu Z, Zhang C, Cai Z, Zhang J. Metformin, beyond an insulin sensitizer, targeting heart and pancreatic β cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:1984-1990. [PMID: 27702625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metformin, a biguanide derivate, is known as the first-line antidiabetic agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment. It reduces insulin resistance and decreases blood glucose concentration by inhibiting gluconeogenesis and suppressing hepatic glucose production with improved peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity. As an insulin sensitizer, metformin takes pleiotropic actions and exerts protective effects on multiple organs mainly in insulin-targeted tissues such as liver, muscle, and adipose tissues. Recent studies discover that metformin also plays essential roles in heart and pancreatic β cells - two important organs in metabolic regulation. Metformin not only protects T2DM patients from cardiovascular diseases and heart failure, but also restores insulin secretion activities and protects pancreatic β cells from lipotoxicity or glucotoxicity. Although accumulated evidence shed light on the metformin action, the precise mechanism of metformin is still under investigation. Further laboratory investigations and clinical trials are needed to pinpoint a map of metformin action. Based on recent findings, this review characterizes the beneficial role of metformin in cardiovascular diseases and pancreatic β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Chunlan Zhang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zixin Cai
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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Obeid JP, Zafar N, El Hokayem J. Steroid Hormone Receptor Coregulators in Endocrine Cancers. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:504-15. [PMID: 27240871 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Coregulators span a broad and extensive domain in modulating cellular transcriptional activity. Studies have established a dynamic role for such coregulators in various endocrine cancers. Steroid hormone receptors (SHRs) play a pivotal role in such endocrine cancers, and interact abundantly with transcriptional coregulators in altering gene expression. Several families of coregulators have implications in propagating the development, progression and invasion of breast, prostate, and other hormone-responsive cancers. This mini-review aims to discuss different classes of coregulators involved in endocrine cancers and highlight unique information regarding each family with relevance to mechanism, intervention, and novel directions being investigated. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(7):504-515, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Obeid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nawal Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jimmy El Hokayem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, FL, USA
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Pterosin B has multiple targets in gluconeogenic programs, including coenzyme Q in RORα–SRC2 signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:415-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current review summarizes recent advancements in our mechanistic and physiological understanding of the energy sensing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its regulation of select aspects of hepatic metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS A highly conserved serine/threonine kinase, AMPK governs a multitude of cellular process to activate catabolic and inhibit anabolic pathways. Recent work has provided clarity as to the importance and contribution of the AMPK signaling cascade to various aspects of cellular metabolism, including lipid homeostasis, hepatic glucose production, mitochondrial metabolism, and autophagy. SUMMARY With more than 60 confirmed substrates, the physiological significance of AMPK signaling has been difficult to ascertain. The generation of targeted knock-in mutations on key AMPK substrates has begun to shed light on this complex system. Future studies are needed to further decipher the complexity, significance, and potential therapeutic targeting of hepatic AMPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan D Fullerton
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, and Protein Metabolism by AMPK. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2016; 107:23-43. [PMID: 27812975 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43589-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This chapter summarizes AMPK function in the regulation of substrate and energy metabolism with the main emphasis on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, protein turnover, mitochondrial biogenesis, and whole-body energy homeostasis. AMPK acts as whole-body energy sensor and integrates different signaling pathway to meet both cellular and body energy requirements while inhibiting energy-consuming processes but also activating energy-producing ones. AMPK mainly promotes glucose and fatty acid catabolism, whereas it prevents protein, glycogen, and fatty acid synthesis.
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