1
|
Mondal T, Gaur H, Wamba BEN, Michalak AG, Stout C, Watson MR, Aleixo SL, Singh A, Condello S, Faller R, Leiserowitz GS, Bhatnagar S, Tushir-Singh J. Characterizing the regulatory Fas (CD95) epitope critical for agonist antibody targeting and CAR-T bystander function in ovarian cancer. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2408-2431. [PMID: 37838774 PMCID: PMC10657439 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor clustering is the most critical step to activate extrinsic apoptosis by death receptors belonging to the TNF superfamily. Although clinically unsuccessful, using agonist antibodies, the death receptors-5 remains extensively studied from a cancer therapeutics perspective. However, despite its regulatory role and elevated function in ovarian and other solid tumors, another tumor-enriched death receptor called Fas (CD95) remained undervalued in cancer immunotherapy until recently, when its role in off-target tumor killing by CAR-T therapies was imperative. By comprehensively analyzing structure studies in the context of the binding epitope of FasL and various preclinical Fas agonist antibodies, we characterize a highly significant patch of positively charged residue epitope (PPCR) in its cysteine-rich domain 2 of Fas. PPCR engagement is indispensable for superior Fas agonist signaling and CAR-T bystander function in ovarian tumor models. A single-point mutation in FasL or Fas that interferes with the PPCR engagement inhibited apoptotic signaling in tumor cells and T cells. Furthermore, considering that clinical and immunological features of the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) are directly attributed to homozygous mutations in FasL, we reveal differential mechanistic details of FasL/Fas clustering at the PPCR interface compared to described ALPS mutations. As Fas-mediated bystander killing remains vital to the success of CAR-T therapies in tumors, our findings highlight the therapeutic analytical design for potentially effective Fas-targeting strategies using death agonism to improve cancer immunotherapy in ovarian and other solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Mondal
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Himanshu Gaur
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brice E N Wamba
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Abby Grace Michalak
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Camryn Stout
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Matthew R Watson
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sophia L Aleixo
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Arjun Singh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Salvatore Condello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Roland Faller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gary Scott Leiserowitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sanchita Bhatnagar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jogender Tushir-Singh
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
- Ovarian Cancer Academy Early Career Investigator at UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yin Y, Romei MG, Sankar K, Pal LR, Hon Hoi K, Yang Y, Leonard B, De Leon Boenig G, Kumar N, Matsumoto M, Payandeh J, Harris SF, Moult J, Lazar GA. Antibody Interfaces Revealed Through Structural Mining. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:4952-4968. [PMID: 36147680 PMCID: PMC9474289 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are fundamental effectors of humoral immunity, and have become a highly successful class of therapeutics. There is increasing evidence that antibodies utilize transient homotypic interactions to enhance function, and elucidation of such interactions can provide insights into their biology and new opportunities for their optimization as drugs. Yet the transitory nature of weak interactions makes them difficult to investigate. Capitalizing on their rich structural data and high conservation, we have characterized all the ways that antibody fragment antigen-binding (Fab) regions interact crystallographically. This approach led to the discovery of previously unrealized interfaces between antibodies. While diverse interactions exist, β-sheet dimers and variable-constant elbow dimers are recurrent motifs. Disulfide engineering enabled interactions to be trapped and investigated structurally and functionally, providing experimental validation of the interfaces and illustrating their potential for optimization. This work provides first insight into previously undiscovered oligomeric interactions between antibodies, and enables new opportunities for their biotherapeutic optimization.
Collapse
|
3
|
Antibody homotypic interactions are encoded by germline light chain complementarity determining region 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201562119. [PMID: 35653561 PMCID: PMC9191654 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201562119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Weak transient interactions are fundamental to immune responses, enabling avidity-driven triggers for pathogen neutralization and cellular regulation. In contrast to obligate binding interactions that can be directly investigated structurally, the low or transitory abundance of weak interactions make them difficult to identify and characterize. This study leverages receptor agonism systems that are sensitive to oligomerization to investigate transient homotypic interfaces between antibody Fab regions. Our results show that self-association determinants are encoded naturally by the antibody germline through light chain complementarity determining region 2 (CDRL2), and these determinants can be engineered into antibodies to enhance their therapeutic properties. Insights into avidity-driven interactions create opportunities for optimization, and accordingly this work expands the engineering toolbox for antibody-based drugs. The utilization of avidity to drive and tune functional responses is fundamental to antibody biology and often underlies the mechanisms of action of monoclonal antibody drugs. There is increasing evidence that antibodies leverage homotypic interactions to enhance avidity, often through weak transient interfaces whereby self-association is coupled with target binding. Here, we comprehensively map the Fab–Fab interfaces of antibodies targeting DR5 and 4-1BB that utilize homotypic interaction to promote receptor activation and demonstrate that both antibodies have similar self-association determinants primarily encoded within a germline light chain complementarity determining region 2 (CDRL2). We further show that these determinants can be grafted onto antibodies of distinct target specificity to substantially enhance their activity. An expanded characterization of all unique germline CDRL2 sequences reveals additional self-association sequence determinants encoded in the human germline repertoire. Our results suggest that this phenomenon is unique to CDRL2, and is correlated with the less frequent antigen interaction and lower somatic hypermutation associated with this loop. This work reveals a previously unknown avidity mechanism in antibody native biology that can be exploited for the engineering of biotherapeutics.
Collapse
|
4
|
Schardt JS, Jhajj HS, O’Meara RL, Lwo TS, Smith MD, Tessier PM. Agonist antibody discovery: Experimental, computational, and rational engineering approaches. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:31-48. [PMID: 34571277 PMCID: PMC8714685 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Agonist antibodies that activate cellular signaling have emerged as promising therapeutics for treating myriad pathologies. Unfortunately, the discovery of rare antibodies with the desired agonist functions is a major bottleneck during drug development. Nevertheless, there has been important recent progress in discovering and optimizing agonist antibodies against a variety of therapeutic targets that are activated by diverse signaling mechanisms. Herein, we review emerging high-throughput experimental and computational methods for agonist antibody discovery as well as rational molecular engineering methods for optimizing their agonist activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John S. Schardt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Harkamal S. Jhajj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ryen L. O’Meara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Timon S. Lwo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew D. Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter M. Tessier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shivange G, Mondal T, Lyerly E, Bhatnagar S, Landen CN, Reddy S, Kim J, Doan B, Riddle P, Tushir-Singh J. A patch of positively charged residues regulates the efficacy of clinical DR5 antibodies in solid tumors. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109953. [PMID: 34731630 PMCID: PMC8720280 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor clustering is the first and critical step to activate apoptosis by death receptor-5 (DR5). The recent discovery of the autoinhibitory DR5 ectodomain has challenged the long-standing view of its mechanistic activation by the natural ligand Apo2L. Because the autoinhibitory residues have remained unknown, here we characterize a crucial patch of positively charged residues (PPCR) in the highly variable domain of DR5. The PPCR electrostatically separates DR5 receptors to autoinhibit their clustering in the absence of ligand and antibody binding. Mutational substitution and antibody-mediated PPCR interference resulted in increased apoptotic cytotoxic function. A dually specific antibody that enables sustained tampering with PPCR function exceptionally enhanced DR5 clustering and apoptotic activation and distinctively improved the survival of animals bearing aggressive metastatic and recurrent tumors, whereas clinically tested DR5 antibodies without PPCR blockade function were largely ineffective. Our study provides mechanistic insights into DR5 activation and a therapeutic analytical design for potential clinical success.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibody Specificity
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Epitopes
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/immunology
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gururaj Shivange
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville VA 22908, USA
| | - Tanmoy Mondal
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville VA 22908, USA
| | - Evan Lyerly
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA; Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Sanchita Bhatnagar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville VA 22908, USA
| | | | - Shivani Reddy
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
| | - Jonathan Kim
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
| | - Britney Doan
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
| | - Paula Riddle
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
| | - Jogender Tushir-Singh
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville VA 22908, USA; University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charlottesville VA; UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu X, James S, Felce JH, Kellermayer B, Johnston DA, Chan HTC, Penfold CA, Kim J, Inzhelevskaya T, Mockridge CI, Watanabe Y, Crispin M, French RR, Duriez PJ, Douglas LR, Glennie MJ, Cragg MS. TNF receptor agonists induce distinct receptor clusters to mediate differential agonistic activity. Commun Biol 2021; 4:772. [PMID: 34162985 PMCID: PMC8222242 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and natural ligands targeting costimulatory tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFR) exhibit a wide range of agonistic activities and antitumor responses. The mechanisms underlying these differential agonistic activities remain poorly understood. Here, we employ a panel of experimental and clinically-relevant molecules targeting human CD40, 4-1BB and OX40 to examine this issue. Confocal and STORM microscopy reveal that strongly agonistic reagents induce clusters characterized by small area and high receptor density. Using antibody pairs differing only in isotype we show that hIgG2 confers significantly more receptor clustering than hIgG1 across all three receptors, explaining its greater agonistic activity, with receptor clustering shielding the receptor-agonist complex from further molecular access. Nevertheless, discrete receptor clustering patterns are observed with different hIgG2 mAb, with a unique rod-shaped assembly observed with the most agonistic mAb. These findings dispel the notion that larger receptor clusters elicit greater agonism, and instead point to receptor density and subsequent super-structure as key determinants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Yu
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK.
| | - Sonya James
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - David A Johnston
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - H T Claude Chan
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Christine A Penfold
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Jinny Kim
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Tatyana Inzhelevskaya
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - C Ian Mockridge
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Yasunori Watanabe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ruth R French
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Patrick J Duriez
- CRUK Protein Core Facility, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Leon R Douglas
- CRUK Protein Core Facility, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Martin J Glennie
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mondal T, Shivange GN, Tihagam RGT, Lyerly E, Battista M, Talwar D, Mosavian R, Urbanek K, Rashid NS, Harrell JC, Bos PD, Stelow EB, Stack MS, Bhatnagar S, Tushir‐Singh J. Unexpected PD-L1 immune evasion mechanism in TNBC, ovarian, and other solid tumors by DR5 agonist antibodies. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12716. [PMID: 33587338 PMCID: PMC7933954 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of effective immune infiltration represents a significant barrier to immunotherapy in solid tumors. Thus, solid tumor-enriched death receptor-5 (DR5) activating antibodies, which generates tumor debulking by extrinsic apoptotic cytotoxicity, remains a crucial alternate therapeutic strategy. Over past few decades, many DR5 antibodies moved to clinical trials after successfully controlling tumors in immunodeficient tumor xenografts. However, DR5 antibodies failed to significantly improve survival in phase-II trials, leading in efforts to generate second generation of DR5 agonists to supersize apoptotic cytotoxicity in tumors. Here we have discovered that clinical DR5 antibodies activate an unexpected immunosuppressive PD-L1 stabilization pathway, which potentially had contributed to their limited success in clinics. The DR5 agonist stimulated caspase-8 signaling not only activates ROCK1 but also undermines proteasome function, both of which contributes to increased PD-L1 stability on tumor cell surface. Targeting DR5-ROCK1-PD-L1 axis markedly increases immune effector T-cell function, promotes tumor regression, and improves overall survival in animal models. These insights have identified a potential clinically viable combinatorial strategy to revive solid cancer immunotherapy using death receptor agonism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Mondal
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Gururaj N Shivange
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Rachisan GT Tihagam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Evan Lyerly
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Undergraduate Research ProgramUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Michael Battista
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Undergraduate Research ProgramUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Divpriya Talwar
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Undergraduate Research ProgramUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Roxanna Mosavian
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Undergraduate Research ProgramUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Karol Urbanek
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | | | - J Chuck Harrell
- Department of PathologyMassey Cancer Center, VCURichmondVAUSA
| | - Paula D Bos
- Department of PathologyMassey Cancer Center, VCURichmondVAUSA
| | - Edward B Stelow
- Department of PathologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Harper Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameINUSA
| | - Sanchita Bhatnagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Medical SchoolCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Jogender Tushir‐Singh
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Medical SchoolCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- DoD Ovarian Cancer Academy Early Career InvestigatorCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dengl S, Mayer K, Bormann F, Duerr H, Hoffmann E, Nussbaum B, Tischler M, Wagner M, Kuglstatter A, Leibrock L, Buldun C, Georges G, Brinkmann U. Format chain exchange (FORCE) for high-throughput generation of bispecific antibodies in combinatorial binder-format matrices. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4974. [PMID: 33009381 PMCID: PMC7532213 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) requires a combination of compatible binders in formats that support desired functionalities. Here, we report that bsAb-matrices can be generated by Format Chain Exchange (FORCE), enabling screening of combinatorial binder/format spaces. Input molecules for generation of bi/multi-valent bsAbs are monospecific entities similar to knob-into-hole half-antibodies, yet with complementary CH3-interface-modulated and affinity-tagged dummy-chains. These contain mutations that lead to limited interface repulsions without compromising expression or biophysical properties of educts. Mild reduction of combinations of educts triggers spontaneous chain-exchange reactions driven by partially flawed CH3-educt interfaces resolving to perfect complementarity. This generates large bsAb matrices harboring different binders in multiple formats. Benign biophysical properties and good expression yields of educts, combined with simplicity of purification enables process automation. Examples that demonstrate the relevance of screening binder/format combinations are provided as a matrix of bsAbs that simultaneously bind Her1/Her2 and DR5 without encountering binder or format-inflicted interferences. Bispecific antibodies have been generated in many different formats and it is becoming clear that rational design alone cannot create optimal functionalities. Here the authors introduce the high throughput methodology, Format Chain Exchange (FORCE), to enable combinatorial generation of bispecific antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dengl
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Mayer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Felix Bormann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Harald Duerr
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Eike Hoffmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Bianca Nussbaum
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Michael Tischler
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Martina Wagner
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kuglstatter
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Structural Biology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lea Leibrock
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Structural Biology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Can Buldun
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Guy Georges
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Z, Hahn SB, Cao TM, King MR. A simplified method for the efficient purification and refolding of recombinant human TRAIL. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e3007. [PMID: 32329219 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) belongs to the TNF cytokine superfamily that specifically induces apoptosis in a broad spectrum of human cancer cell lines but not in most healthy cells. The antitumor potential of recombinant human TRAIL (rhTRAIL) has attracted great attention among biologists and oncologists. However, attempts to express rhTRAIL in Escherichia coli often results in limited yield of bioactive protein due to the formation of inclusion bodies (IBs), which are dense insoluble particulate protein aggregates inside cells. We describe herein a highly simplified method to produce pure bioactive rhTRAIL using E. coli. The method is straightforward and requires only basic laboratory equipment, with highly efficient purification and high yield of renaturation, and may also be applied to produce other proteins that form IBs in E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Su Bin Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thong M Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael R King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rougé L, Chiang N, Steffek M, Kugel C, Croll TI, Tam C, Estevez A, Arthur CP, Koth CM, Ciferri C, Kraft E, Payandeh J, Nakamura G, Koerber JT, Rohou A. Structure of CD20 in complex with the therapeutic monoclonal antibody rituximab. Science 2020; 367:1224-1230. [PMID: 32079680 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz9356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 20 (CD20) is a B cell membrane protein that is targeted by monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of malignancies and autoimmune disorders but whose structure and function are unknown. Rituximab (RTX) has been in clinical use for two decades, but how it activates complement to kill B cells remains poorly understood. We obtained a structure of CD20 in complex with RTX, revealing CD20 as a compact double-barrel dimer bound by two RTX antigen-binding fragments (Fabs), each of which engages a composite epitope and an extensive homotypic Fab:Fab interface. Our data suggest that RTX cross-links CD20 into circular assemblies and lead to a structural model for complement recruitment. Our results further highlight the potential relevance of homotypic Fab:Fab interactions in targeting oligomeric cell-surface markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Rougé
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nancy Chiang
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Micah Steffek
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Christine Kugel
- Department of Biomolecular Resources, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Tristan I Croll
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Christine Tam
- Department of Biomolecular Resources, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alberto Estevez
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Christopher P Arthur
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Christopher M Koth
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Claudio Ciferri
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Edward Kraft
- Department of Biomolecular Resources, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jian Payandeh
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. .,Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Gerald Nakamura
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - James T Koerber
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Alexis Rohou
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Molecular Mode of Action of TRAIL Receptor Agonists-Common Principles and Their Translational Exploitation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070954. [PMID: 31284696 PMCID: PMC6678900 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its death receptors TRAILR1/death receptor 4 (DR4) and TRAILR2/DR5 trigger cell death in many cancer cells but rarely exert cytotoxic activity on non-transformed cells. Against this background, a variety of recombinant TRAIL variants and anti-TRAIL death receptor antibodies have been developed and tested in preclinical and clinical studies. Despite promising results from mice tumor models, TRAIL death receptor targeting has failed so far in clinical studies to show satisfying anti-tumor efficacy. These disappointing results can largely be explained by two issues: First, tumor cells can acquire TRAIL resistance by several mechanisms defining a need for combination therapies with appropriate sensitizing drugs. Second, there is now growing preclinical evidence that soluble TRAIL variants but also bivalent anti-TRAIL death receptor antibodies typically require oligomerization or plasma membrane anchoring to achieve maximum activity. This review discusses the need for oligomerization and plasma membrane attachment for the activity of TRAIL death receptor agonists in view of what is known about the molecular mechanisms of how TRAIL death receptors trigger intracellular cell death signaling. In particular, it will be highlighted which consequences this has for the development of next generation TRAIL death receptor agonists and their potential clinical application.
Collapse
|
12
|
Importance of TRAIL Molecular Anatomy in Receptor Oligomerization and Signaling. Implications for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040444. [PMID: 30934872 PMCID: PMC6521207 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is able to activate the extrinsic apoptotic pathway upon binding to DR4/TRAIL-R1 and/or DR5/TRAIL-R2 receptors. Structural data indicate that TRAIL functions as a trimer that can engage three receptor molecules simultaneously, resulting in receptor trimerization and leading to conformational changes in TRAIL receptors. However, receptor conformational changes induced by the binding of TRAIL depend on the molecular form of this death ligand, and not always properly trigger the apoptotic cascade. In fact, TRAIL exhibits a much stronger pro-apoptotic activity when is found as a transmembrane protein than when it occurs as a soluble form and this enhanced biological activity is directly linked to its ability to cluster TRAIL receptors in supra-molecular structures. In this regard, cells involved in tumor immunosurveillance, such as activated human T cells, secrete endogenous TRAIL as a transmembrane protein associated with lipid microvesicles called exosomes upon T-cell reactivation. Consequently, it seems clear that a proper oligomerization of TRAIL receptors, which leads to a strong apoptotic signaling, is crucial for inducing apoptosis in cancer cells upon TRAIL treatment. In this review, the current knowledge of oligomerization status of TRAIL receptors is discussed as well as the implications for cancer treatment when using TRAIL-based therapies.
Collapse
|
13
|
Pan L, Fu TM, Zhao W, Zhao L, Chen W, Qiu C, Liu W, Liu Z, Piai A, Fu Q, Chen S, Wu H, Chou JJ. Higher-Order Clustering of the Transmembrane Anchor of DR5 Drives Signaling. Cell 2019; 176:1477-1489.e14. [PMID: 30827683 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Receptor clustering on the cell membrane is critical in the signaling of many immunoreceptors, and this mechanism has previously been attributed to the extracellular and/or the intracellular interactions. Here, we report an unexpected finding that for death receptor 5 (DR5), a receptor in the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, the transmembrane helix (TMH) alone in the receptor directly assembles a higher-order structure to drive signaling and that this structure is inhibited by the unliganded ectodomain. Nuclear magnetic resonance structure of the TMH in bicelles shows distinct trimerization and dimerization faces, allowing formation of dimer-trimer interaction networks. Single-TMH mutations that disrupt either trimerization or dimerization abolish ligand-induced receptor activation. Surprisingly, proteolytic removal of the DR5 ectodomain can fully activate downstream signaling in the absence of ligand. Our data suggest a receptor activation mechanism in which binding of ligand or antibodies to overcome the pre-ligand autoinhibition allows TMH clustering and thus signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Pan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tian-Min Fu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wenbin Zhao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chixiao Qiu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, ZhangJiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Alessandro Piai
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qingshan Fu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shuqing Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - James J Chou
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li Z, Pan F, Li R, Pambou E, Hu X, Ruane S, Ciumac D, Li P, Welbourn RJL, Webster JRP, Bishop SM, Narwal R, van der Walle CF, Lu JR. Coadsorption of a Monoclonal Antibody and Nonionic Surfactant at the SiO 2/Water Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:44257-44266. [PMID: 30500160 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
During the formulation of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), nonionic surfactants are commonly added to attenuate structural rearrangement caused by adsorption/desorption at interfaces during processing, shipping, and storage. We examined the adsorption of a mAb (COE-3) at the SiO2/water interface in the presence of pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12E5), polysorbate 80 (PS80-20EO), and a polysorbate 80 analogue with seven ethoxylates (PS80-7EO). Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to follow COE-3 dynamic adsorption, and neutron reflection was used to determine interfacial structure and composition. Neither PS80-20EO nor C12E5 had a notable affinity for COE-3 or the interface under the conditions studied and thus did not prevent COE-3 adsorption. In contrast, PS80-7EO did coadsorb but did not influence the dynamic process or the equilibrated amount of absorbed COE-3. Near equilibration, COE-3 underwent structural rearrangement and PS80-7EO started to bind the COE-3 interfacial layer and subsequently formed a well-defined surfactant bilayer via self-assembly. The resultant interfacial layer comprised an inner mAb layer of about 70 Å thickness and an outer surfactant layer of a further 70 Å, with distinct transitional regions across the mAb-surfactant and surfactant-bulk water boundaries. Once formed, such interfacial layers were very robust and worked to prevent further mAb adsorption, desorption, and structural rearrangement. Such robust interfacial layers could be anticipated to exist for formulated mAbs stored in type II glass vials; further research is required to understand the behavior of these layers for siliconized glass syringes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongyi Li
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Fang Pan
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Ruiheng Li
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Elias Pambou
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Xuzhi Hu
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Sean Ruane
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Daniela Ciumac
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Peixun Li
- ISIS Neutron Facility , STFC , Chilton , Didcot OX11 0QZ , U.K
| | | | | | - Steven M Bishop
- MedImmune LLC , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20878 , United States
| | | | | | - Jian Ren Lu
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Baudin A, Guichard A, Collie GW, Rousseau S, Chaignepain S, Hocquellet A, Berbon M, Loquet A, Mackereth C, Guichard G, Odaert B. 1H, 13C, 15N NMR resonance assignments and secondary structure determination of the extra-cellular domain from the human proapoptotic TRAIL-R2 death receptor 5 (DR5-ECD). BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2018; 12:309-314. [PMID: 29869749 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-018-9828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Death receptors (DR) selectively drive cancer cells to apoptosis upon binding to the Tumor necrosis factor-a-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL). Complex formation induces the oligomerization of the death receptors DR4 (TRAIL-R1) and DR5 (TRAIL-R2) and transduces the apoptogenic signal to their respective death domains, leading to Death Inducing Signaling Complex (DISC) formation, caspase activation and ultimately cell death. Several crystal structures of the ExtraCellular Domain from Death Receptor 5 (DR5-ECD) have been reported in complex with the TRAIL ligand or anti-DR5 antibodies, but none for the isolated protein. In order to fill this gap and to perform binding experiments with TRAIL peptidomimetics, we have produced isotopically labelled DR5-ECD and started a conformational analysis by using high-field 3D NMR spectroscopy. Herein, we present the first resonance assignment of a TRAIL receptor in solution and the determination of its secondary structure from NMR chemical shifts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Baudin
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Bordeaux INP, UMR 5248, Bâtiment B14, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Anne Guichard
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Bordeaux INP, UMR 5248, Bâtiment B14, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600, Pessac Cedex, France
- Agenus UK Limited, 315, Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Gavin W Collie
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Bordeaux INP, UMR 5248, Bâtiment B14, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600, Pessac Cedex, France
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Univ. Bordeaux, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607, Pessac, France
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sabrina Rousseau
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Univ. Bordeaux, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607, Pessac, France
- Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR5320, ARNA Laboratory, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Chaignepain
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Bordeaux INP, UMR 5248, Bâtiment B14, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600, Pessac Cedex, France
- Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Bordeaux (CGFB), 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Agnès Hocquellet
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Bordeaux INP, UMR 5248, Bâtiment B14, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Mélanie Berbon
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Bordeaux INP, UMR 5248, Bâtiment B14, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600, Pessac Cedex, France
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Univ. Bordeaux, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Antoine Loquet
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Bordeaux INP, UMR 5248, Bâtiment B14, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600, Pessac Cedex, France
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Univ. Bordeaux, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Cameron Mackereth
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Univ. Bordeaux, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607, Pessac, France
- Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR5320, ARNA Laboratory, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gilles Guichard
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Bordeaux INP, UMR 5248, Bâtiment B14, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600, Pessac Cedex, France
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Univ. Bordeaux, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Benoît Odaert
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Bordeaux INP, UMR 5248, Bâtiment B14, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600, Pessac Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guiho R, Biteau K, Grisendi G, Chatelais M, Brion R, Taurelle J, Renault S, Heymann D, Dominici M, Redini F. In vitro and in vivo discrepancy in inducing apoptosis by mesenchymal stromal cells delivering membrane-bound tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand in osteosarcoma pre-clinical models. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:1037-1045. [PMID: 30093324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent pediatric malignant bone tumor. OS patients have not seen any major therapeutic progress in the last 30 years, in particular in the case of metastatic disease, which requires new therapeutic strategies. The pro-apoptotic cytokine Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) can selectively kill tumor cells while sparing normal cells, making it a promising therapeutic tool in several types of cancer. However, many OS cell lines appear resistant to recombinant human (rh)TRAIL-induced apoptosis. We, therefore, hypothesized that TRAIL presentation at the membrane level of carrier cells might overcome this resistance and trigger apoptosis. METHODS To address this, human adipose mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) transfected in a stable manner to express membrane-bound full-length human TRAIL (mbTRAIL) were co-cultured with several human OS cell lines. RESULTS This induced apoptosis by cell-to-cell contact even in cell lines initially resistant to rhTRAIL. In contrast, mbTRAIL delivered by MSCs was not able to counteract tumor progression in this OS orthotopic model. DISCUSSION This was partly due to the fact that MSCs showed a potential to support tumor development. Moreover, the expression of mbTRAIL did not show caspase activation in adjacent tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Guiho
- Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, Université Bretagne Loire, INSERM, Nantes, France; Birth Defects Research Centre, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin Biteau
- Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, Université Bretagne Loire, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Mathias Chatelais
- Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, Université Bretagne Loire, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Regis Brion
- Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, Université Bretagne Loire, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Julien Taurelle
- Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, Université Bretagne Loire, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Sarah Renault
- Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, Université Bretagne Loire, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Hétérogénéité Tumorale et Médecine de Précision, INSERM, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Site René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France; Laboratoire Européen Associé "Sarcoma Research Unit", INSERM/University of Nantes/University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, UK
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Françoise Redini
- Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, Université Bretagne Loire, INSERM, Nantes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pan F, Li Z, Leyshon T, Rouse D, Li R, Smith C, Campana M, Webster JRP, Bishop SM, Narwal R, van der Walle CF, Warwicker J, Lu JR. Interfacial Adsorption of Monoclonal Antibody COE-3 at the Solid/Water Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:1306-1316. [PMID: 29215260 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and neutron reflection (NR) data for the adsorption of a monoclonal antibody (mAb, termed COE-3, pI 8.44) at the bare SiO2/water interface are compared here to the simulations based on Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory. COE-3 adsorption was characterized by an initial rapid increase in the surface-adsorbed amount (Γ) followed by a plateau. Only the initial rate of the increase in Γ was strongly correlated with the bulk concentration (0.002-0.2 mg/mL), with Γ at the plateau being about 2.2 mg/m2 (pH 5.5). Simulations captured COE-3 adsorption at equilibrium most accurately, the point at which the outgoing flux of molecules within the adsorbed plane matched the adsorption flux. Increasing the buffer pH from 5.5 to 9 increased Γ at equilibrium to ∼3 mg/m2 (0.02 mg/mL COE-3), revealing a dominant role for lateral repulsion between adsorbed mAb molecules. In contrast, increasing the buffer ionic strength (pH 6) reduced Γ, which was captured by simulations accounting for electrostatic screening by ions, in addition to mAb/SiO2 attractive forces and lateral repulsion. NR data at the same bulk concentrations corroborated the SE data, albeit with slightly higher Γ due to longer adsorption times for data acquisition; for example, at pH 9, Γ was 3.6 mg/m2 (0.02 mg/mL COE-3), equivalent to a relatively high volume fraction of 0.5. An adsorbed monolayer with a thickness of 50-52 Å was consistently determined by NR, corresponding to the short axial lengths of fragment antigen-binding and fragment crystallization and implying minimal structural perturbation. Thus, the simulations enabled a mechanistic interpretation of the experimental data of mAb adsorption at the SiO2/water interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Pan
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Zongyi Li
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Thomas Leyshon
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Dominic Rouse
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Ruiheng Li
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Charles Smith
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Mario Campana
- ISIS Neutron Facility, STFC, Chilton , Didcot OX11 0QZ, U.K
| | | | - Steven M Bishop
- Formulation Sciences, MedImmune LLC , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Rojaramani Narwal
- Formulation Sciences, MedImmune LLC , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | | | - Jim Warwicker
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Chemistry Building, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jian Ren Lu
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Carter PJ, Lazar GA. Next generation antibody drugs: pursuit of the 'high-hanging fruit'. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 17:197-223. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
19
|
Kirik U, Persson H, Levander F, Greiff L, Ohlin M. Antibody Heavy Chain Variable Domains of Different Germline Gene Origins Diversify through Different Paths. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1433. [PMID: 29180996 PMCID: PMC5694033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells produce antibodies, key effector molecules in health and disease. They mature their properties, including their affinity for antigen, through hypermutation events; processes that involve, e.g., base substitution, codon insertion and deletion, often in association with an isotype switch. Investigations of antibody evolution define modes whereby particular antibody responses are able to form, and such studies provide insight important for instance for development of efficient vaccines. Antibody evolution is also used in vitro for the design of antibodies with improved properties. To better understand the basic concepts of antibody evolution, we analyzed the mutational paths, both in terms of amino acid substitution and insertions and deletions, taken by antibodies of the IgG isotype. The analysis focused on the evolution of the heavy chain variable domain of sets of antibodies, each with an origin in 1 of 11 different germline genes representing six human heavy chain germline gene subgroups. Investigated genes were isolated from cells of human bone marrow, a major site of antibody production, and characterized by next-generation sequencing and an in-house bioinformatics pipeline. Apart from substitutions within the complementarity determining regions, multiple framework residues including those in protein cores were targets of extensive diversification. Diversity, both in terms of substitutions, and insertions and deletions, in antibodies is focused to different positions in the sequence in a germline gene-unique manner. Altogether, our findings create a framework for understanding patterns of evolution of antibodies from defined germline genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Kirik
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena Persson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Drug Discovery and Development Platform, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Levander
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lennart Greiff
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mats Ohlin
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Human Antibody Therapeutics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,U-READ, Lund School of Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dubuisson A, Micheau O. Antibodies and Derivatives Targeting DR4 and DR5 for Cancer Therapy. Antibodies (Basel) 2017; 6:E16. [PMID: 31548531 PMCID: PMC6698863 DOI: 10.3390/antib6040016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing therapeutics that induce apoptosis in cancer cells has become an increasingly attractive approach for the past 30 years. The discovery of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily members and more specifically TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), the only cytokine of the family capable of eradicating selectively cancer cells, led to the development of numerous TRAIL derivatives targeting death receptor 4 (DR4) and death receptor 5 (DR5) for cancer therapy. With a few exceptions, preliminary attempts to use recombinant TRAIL, agonistic antibodies, or derivatives to target TRAIL agonist receptors in the clinic have been fairly disappointing. Nonetheless, a tremendous effort, worldwide, is being put into the development of novel strategic options to target TRAIL receptors. Antibodies and derivatives allow for the design of novel and efficient agonists. We summarize and discuss here the advantages and drawbacks of the soar of TRAIL therapeutics, from the first developments to the next generation of agonistic products, with a particular insight on new concepts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Dubuisson
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, LNC UMR1231, F-21079 Dijon, France.
- CovalAb, Research Department, 11 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69100 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France.
- INSERM, UMR1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, F-21079 Dijon, France.
| | - Olivier Micheau
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, LNC UMR1231, F-21079 Dijon, France.
- CovalAb, Research Department, 11 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69100 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France.
- INSERM, UMR1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, F-21079 Dijon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li Z, Li R, Smith C, Pan F, Campana M, Webster JRP, van der Walle CF, Uddin S, Bishop SM, Narwal R, Warwicker J, Lu JR. Neutron Reflection Study of Surface Adsorption of Fc, Fab, and the Whole mAb. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:23202-23211. [PMID: 28613817 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the influence of fragment crystallization (Fc) and antigen-binding fragment (Fab) on monoclonal antibody (mAb) adsorption at the air/water interface is an important step to understanding liquid mAb drug product stability during manufacture, shipping, and storage. Here, neutron reflection is used to study the air/water adsorption of a mAb and its Fc and Fab fragments. By varying the isotopic contrast, the adsorbed amount, thickness, orientation, and immersion of the adsorbed layers could be determined unambiguously. While Fc adsorption reached saturation within the hour, its surface adsorbed amount showed little variation with bulk concentration. In contrast, Fab adsorption was slower and the adsorbed amount was concentration dependent. The much higher Fc adsorption, as compared to Fab, was linked to its lower surface charge. Time and concentration dependence of mAb adsorption was dominated by Fab behavior, although both Fab and Fc behaviors contributed to the amount of mAb adsorbed. Changing the pH from 5.5 to 8.8 did not much perturb the adsorbed amount of Fc, Fab, or mAb. However, a small decrease in adsorption was observed for the Fc over pH 8-8.8 and vice versa for the Fab and mAb, consistent with a dominant Fab behavior. As bulk concentration increased from 5 to 50 ppm, the thicknesses of the Fc layers were almost constant at 40 Å, while Fab and mAb layers increased from 45 to 50 Å. These results imply that the adsorbed mAb, Fc, and Fab all retained their globular structures and were oriented with their short axial lengths perpendicular to the interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongyi Li
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Ruiheng Li
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Smith
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Fang Pan
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Campana
- ISIS Neutron Facility, STFC , Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QZ, United Kingdom
| | - John R P Webster
- ISIS Neutron Facility, STFC , Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher F van der Walle
- Formulation Sciences, MedImmune Ltd. , Sir Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Shahid Uddin
- Formulation Sciences, MedImmune Ltd. , Sir Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Steve M Bishop
- Formulation Sciences, MedImmune LLC , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Rojaramani Narwal
- Formulation Sciences, MedImmune LLC , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Jim Warwicker
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Jian Ren Lu
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Teplyakov A, Obmolova G, Malia TJ, Gilliland GL. Crystal structure of CD27 in complex with a neutralizing noncompeting antibody. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2017; 73:294-299. [PMID: 28471362 PMCID: PMC5417320 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x17005957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CD27 is a T-cell and B-cell co-stimulatory glycoprotein of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily that is dependent on the availability of the TNF-like ligand CD70. Therapeutic approaches to treating autoimmune diseases and cancers with antagonistic and agonistic anti-CD27 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), respectively, have recently been developed. Mouse anti-human CD27 mAb 2177 shows potency in neutralizing CD70-induced signaling; however, it does not block the binding of soluble CD70. To provide insight into the mechanism of action of the mAb, the crystal structure of the CD27 extracellular domain in complex with the Fab fragment of mAb 2177 was determined at 1.8 Å resolution. CD27 exhibits the assembly of cysteine-rich domains characteristic of the TNF receptor superfamily. The structure reveals a unique binding site of mAb 2177 at the edge of the receptor molecule, which allows the mAb to sterically block the cell-bound form of CD70 from reaching CD27 while leaving the ligand epitope clear. This mode of action suggests a potential dual use of mAb 2177 either as an antagonist or as an agonist.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/chemistry
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/genetics
- Baculoviridae/genetics
- Baculoviridae/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- CD27 Ligand/chemistry
- CD27 Ligand/genetics
- CD27 Ligand/immunology
- Cloning, Molecular
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Vectors/chemistry
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/genetics
- Ligands
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Sequence Alignment
- Sf9 Cells
- Spodoptera
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/chemistry
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Teplyakov
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Galina Obmolova
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Thomas J. Malia
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Gary L. Gilliland
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| |
Collapse
|