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Yang Y, Feng Z, Luo YH, Chen JM, Zhang Y, Liao YJ, Jiang H, Long Y, Wei B. Exercise-Induced Central Fatigue: Biomarkers, and Non-Medicinal Interventions. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0567. [PMID: 39012671 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatigue, commonly experienced in daily life, is a feeling of extreme tiredness, shortage or lack of energy, exhaustion, and difficulty in performing voluntary tasks. Central fatigue, defined as a progressive failure to voluntarily activate the muscle, is typically linked to moderate- or light-intensity exercise. However, in some instances, high-intensity exercise can also trigger the onset of central fatigue. Exercise-induced central fatigue often precedes the decline in physical performance in well-trained athletes. This leads to a reduction in nerve impulses, decreased neuronal excitability, and an imbalance in brain homeostasis, all of which can adversely impact an athlete's performance and the longevity of their sports career. Therefore, implementing strategies to delay the onset of exercise-induced central fatigue is vital for enhancing athletic performance and safeguarding athletes from the debilitating effects of fatigue. In this review, we discuss the structural basis, measurement methods, and biomarkers of exercise-induced central fatigue. Furthermore, we propose non-pharmacological interventions to mitigate its effects, which can potentially foster improvements in athletes' performances in a healthful and sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical, Department of Special Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zhi Feng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical, Department of Special Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yu-Hang Luo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical, Department of Special Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Jue-Miao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical, Department of Special Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical, Department of Special Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yi-Jun Liao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical, Department of Special Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical, Department of Special Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yinxi Long
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Hunan Normal University &;amp Hengyang Central Hospital, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical, Department of Special Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
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Wang Y, Wang D, Wang K, Weng S, Zheng R, Liu X, Zhao L, Li C, Hu Z. Litchi pulp-derived gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) extract counteracts liver inflammation induced by litchi thaumatin-like protein. Food Funct 2024; 15:4818-4831. [PMID: 38606579 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05463b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the predominant amino acid in litchi pulp, known for its neuroregulatory effects and anti-inflammatory properties. Although previous research has highlighted the pro-inflammatory characteristics of litchi thaumatin-like protein (LcTLP), interplay between GABA and LcTLP in relation to inflammation remains unclear. This study aims to explore the hepatoprotective effects of the litchi pulp-derived GABA extract (LGE) against LcTLP-induced liver inflammation in mice and LO2 cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated that LGE significantly reduced the levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase, and protected the liver against infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and histological injury induced by LcTLP. Pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α were also diminished by LGE. The LGE appeared to modulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway to exert its anti-inflammatory effects, as evidenced by a reduction of 47%, 35%, and 31% in phosphorylated p38, JNK, and ERK expressions, respectively, in the liver of the high-dose LGE group. Additionally, LGE effectively improved the translocation of gut microbiota by modulating its microbiological composition and abundance. In vitro studies have shown that LGE effectively counteracts the increase in reactive oxygen species, calcium ions, and pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by LcTLP. These findings may offer new perspectives on the health benefits and safety of litchi consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Shaoquan Weng
- Guangzhou Wanglaoji Great Health Industry Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Rongbo Zheng
- Guangzhou Wanglaoji Great Health Industry Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Xuwei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Chuyuan Li
- Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Holding Limited, Guangzhou 510130, China.
| | - Zhuoyan Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Wang Y, Ai Q, Gu M, Guan H, Yang W, Zhang M, Mao J, Lin Z, Liu Q, Liu J. Comprehensive overview of different medicinal parts from Morus alba L.: chemical compositions and pharmacological activities. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1364948. [PMID: 38694910 PMCID: PMC11061381 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1364948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Morus alba L., a common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with a centuries-old medicinal history, owned various medicinal parts like Mori folium, Mori ramulus, Mori cortex and Mori fructus. Different medical parts exhibit distinct modern pharmacological effects. Mori folium exhibited analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic action and lipid-regulation effects. Mori ramulus owned anti-bacterial, anti-asthmatic and diuretic activities. Mori cortex showed counteraction action of pain, inflammatory, bacterial, and platelet aggregation. Mori fructus could decompose fat, lower blood lipids and prevent vascular sclerosis. The main chemical components in Morus alba L. covered flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and amino acids. This article comprehensively analyzed the recent literature related to chemical components and pharmacological actions of M. alba L., summarizing 198 of ingredients and described the modern activities of different extracts and the bioactive constituents in the four parts from M. alba L. These results fully demonstrated the medicinal value of M. alba L., provided valuable references for further comprehensive development, and layed the foundation for the utilization of M. alba L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Wang
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Qing Ai
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Meiling Gu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hong Guan
- Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Wenqin Yang
- Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jialin Mao
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Zhao Lin
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Qi Liu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jicheng Liu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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Zhu F, Hu S, Zhao W, Mei L. A Novel Method for γ-Aminobutyric Acid Biosynthesis Using Glutamate Decarboxylase Entrapped in Polyvinyl Alcohol-Sodium Alginate Capsules. Molecules 2023; 28:6844. [PMID: 37836687 PMCID: PMC10574615 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has essential physiological functions in the human body. A novel method using glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) entrapped in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-sodium alginate (SA) capsules provides a green biological strategy for GABA synthesis. In this investigation, the stability range of immobilized GAD was effectively broadened, and immobilized GAD could be repeatedly used as a batch and fixed-bed column catalyst. The immobilized enzymes were stable and retained 89% of their activity in a pH range of 4.0-5.6, while there was an approximately 50% decrease in free GAD activity in the pH range of 4.8 ± 0.4. The immobilized GAD affinity to the substrate improved, and this was evidenced by the apparent decrease in Km to 13.3 mmol/L from the 30.9 mmol/L for free GAD. The immobilized GAD retained >90.6% activity after eight cycles and a near-100% enzyme activity retention after 120 h of a continuous fixed-bed column catalyst operation. This study has thus presented an effective PVA-SA-GAD immobilization method that could be used to continuously scale-up GABA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhu
- Department of Food Science, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Weirui Zhao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Lehe Mei
- College of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Jinhua Advanced Research Institute, Jinhua 321019, China
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Anti-fatigue Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicines: A Review. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:597-604. [PMID: 37063439 PMCID: PMC10102495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A third of the world's population suffers from unexplained fatigue, hugely impacting work learning, efficiency, and health. The fatigue development may be a concomitant state of a disease or the side effect of a drug, or muscle fatigue induced by intense exercise. However, there are no authoritative guides or clinical medication recommendations for various fatigue classifications. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) are used as dietary supplements or healthcare products with specific anti-fatigue effects. Thus, TCM may be a potential treatment for fatigue. In this review, we outline the pathogenesis of fatigue, awareness of fatigue in Chinese and western medicine, pharmacodynamics mechanism, and substances. Additionally, we offer a comprehensive summary of fatigue and forecast the potential effect of novel herbal-based medicines against fatigue.
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Zhang J, Liu M, Hu B, Wang L. Exercise Combined with a Chinese Medicine Herbal Tea for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2022; 28:878-886. [PMID: 36037014 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2022.0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Exercise and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herbal tea may improve glucose metabolism through quite different mechanisms while sharing some common effects. The purpose of this study was to discover whether the intervention of exercise combined with TCM herbal tea intervention could produce advanced improvement in glucose metabolism than exercise alone in community patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: This was a 12-week, randomized controlled trial in which 75 community patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to the single group (n = 39) receiving intervention of aerobic and resistance exercise three times per week and the combined group (n = 36) receiving intervention of TCM herbal tea (consisted of six substances) taken once daily besides the exercise. The change of glycated hemoglobin A1 (HbA1c), tested before and after intervention, served as the primary outcome. Other measurements include fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated serum protein (GSP), lipid profile, and physical fitness profile. Results: HbA1c and FPG levels and their changes showed no group difference. The level of GSP was lower, and its decrease was also larger after exercise combined with TCM herbal tea than after single exercise intervention (p < 0.05). Lipid profile and physical fitness parameters were similar in the two groups except the larger six-minute walk test (6MWT) power after the combined intervention (p < 0.05). Patients showed good compliance with the intervention and had similar exercise days or amount in the two groups. No patient reported serious adverse events or significant changes in other lifestyles. Conclusions: A 12-week of exercise combined with TCM herbal tea could not enhance the hypoglycemic effects by exercise alone in community patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the lower GSP level and larger 6MWT work brought by combined intervention suggest its potential benefits, and further studies are needed to explore the effects of longer period and larger dosage of intervention. Clinical Trial Registration Number: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1800018721.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhang
- School of Nursing, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Minjing Liu
- School of Nursing, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Biyue Hu
- School of Nursing, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Nursing, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Urbanek Krajnc A, Bakonyi T, Ando I, Kurucz E, Solymosi N, Pongrac P, Berčič RL. The Effect of Feeding with Central European Local Mulberry Genotypes on the Development and Health Status of Silkworms and Quality Parameters of Raw Silk. INSECTS 2022; 13:836. [PMID: 36135536 PMCID: PMC9506520 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Silkworm rearing activities ceased in the 1970's in several European countries. Attempts on the re-establishment of ecological and sustainable sericulture in Slovenia and Hungary are ongoing. The aim of the study was to assess the usability of locally adapted mulberry genotypes for sericulture and to estimate connections between leaf compound and silkworm performance parameters. A controlled feeding experiment of silkworms was performed to test the influence of leaves from selected trees on the growth of larvae, the health and microbiological status of larvae (e.g., gut bacterial microbiome, Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus infection), weight of cocoons and raw silk parameters. The Slovenian and Hungarian mulberry genotypes had significantly higher total protein contents, and lower total phenolic contents and differed significantly in some individual phenolics compared to the reference sericultural and fruit varieties. Significant differences were found in the contents of the macro- and microelements, namely S, Mn, Fe, and Sr. Based on correlative statistics and multivariate analysis, a combined positive influence of proteins, specific phenolics, and microelements on larval growth and silk thread parameters was predicted. The results of the study indicate that selected local Slovenian and Hungarian mulberry varieties are suitable for high-quality silk cocoon and raw silk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Urbanek Krajnc
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia
| | - Tamas Bakonyi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Istvan Ando
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eva Kurucz
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Norbert Solymosi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paula Pongrac
- Department of Biology, Chair of Botany and Plant Physiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rebeka Lucijana Berčič
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Sericulture, Rebecca Luciana Bercic, Koroška c. 65, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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González-Mercado VJ, Lim J, Yu G, Penedo F, Pedro E, Bernabe R, Tirado-Gómez M, Aouizerat B. Co-Occurrence of Symptoms and Gut Microbiota Composition Before Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy for Rectal Cancer: A Proof of Concept. Biol Res Nurs 2021; 23:513-523. [PMID: 33541122 DOI: 10.1177/1099800421991656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine a) whether there are significant differences in gut microbial diversity and in the abundance of gut microbial taxa; and b) differences in predicted functional pathways of the gut microbiome between those participants with high co-occurring symptoms and those with low co-occurring symptoms, prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy (CRT) for rectal cancer. METHODS Rectal cancer patients (n = 41) provided stool samples for 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and symptom ratings for fatigue, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms prior to CRT. Descriptive statistics were computed for symptoms. Gut microbiome data were analyzed using QIIME2, LEfSe, and the R statistical package. RESULTS Participants with high co-occurring symptoms (n = 19) had significantly higher bacterial abundances of Ezakiella, Clostridium sensu stricto, Porphyromonas, Barnesiella, Coriobacteriales Incertae Sedis, Synergistiaceae, Echerichia-Shigella, and Turicibacter compared to those with low co-occurring symptoms before CRT (n = 22). Biosynthesis pathways for lipopolysaccharide, L-tryptophan, and colanic acid building blocks were enriched in participants with high co-occurring symptoms. Participants with low co-occurring symptoms showed enriched abundances of Enterococcus and Lachnospiraceae, as well as pathways for β-D-glucoronosides, hexuronide/hexuronate, and nicotinate degradation, methanogenesis, and L-lysine biosynthesis. CONCLUSION A number of bacterial taxa and predicted functional pathways were differentially abundant in patients with high co-occurring symptoms compared to those with low co-occurring symptoms before CRT for rectal cancer. Detailed examination of bacterial taxa and pathways mediating co-occurring symptoms is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Lim
- 96722Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gary Yu
- 5984NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frank Penedo
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, FL, USA.,College of Arts & Sciences and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | - Elsa Pedro
- 63601School of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Raul Bernabe
- 19878University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, PR, USA
| | - Maribel Tirado-Gómez
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, 12320Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Bradley Aouizerat
- 5984NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY, USA.,Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, 5894NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
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Sahab NR, Subroto E, Balia RL, Utama GL. γ-Aminobutyric acid found in fermented foods and beverages: current trends. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05526. [PMID: 33251370 PMCID: PMC7680766 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is synthesised by glutamic acid decarboxylase which catalyses the decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid. L-glutamic acid is formed by α-ketoglutarate in the TCA cycle by glutamic acid dehydrogenase (GDH). GABA is found in the human brain, plants, animals and microorganisms. GABA functions as an antidepressant, antihypertensive, antidiabetic and immune system enhancer and has a good effect on neural disease. As GABA have pharmaceutical properties, conditions for GABA production need to be established. Microbiological GABA production is more safe and eco-friendly rather than chemical methods. Moreover, it is easier to control conditions of production using microorganisms compared to production in plants and animals. GABA production in fermented foods and beverages has the potential to be optimised to increase the functional effect of fermented foods and beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novia R.M. Sahab
- Magister of Agro-Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.21 Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Edy Subroto
- Magister of Agro-Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.21 Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Roostita L. Balia
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.21 Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Gemilang L. Utama
- Magister of Agro-Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.21 Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Center for Environment and Sustainability Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Sekeloa Selatan No. 1 Bandung 40134, Indonesia
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Higashikawa F, Kanno K, Ogata A, Sugiyama M. Reduction of fatigue and anger-hostility by the oral administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid phosphate: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16004. [PMID: 32994490 PMCID: PMC7525460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although large populations feel fatigue, the standardized medicinal therapy is currently absent. In this study, we determined whether 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) supplementation alleviates the feeling of fatigue in healthy subjects who feel chronic physical tiredness. Males and females between ages of 20 and 64 who felt physical fatigue on a daily basis, with a visual analogue scale (VAS) for fatigue ≥ 40 mm, a T-score of Fatigue-Inertia in the Profile of Mood States—Second Edition—Adult (POMS2-A) ≥ 50, and a T-score of Vigor-Activity in POMS2-A ≤ 60 were recruited. Seventy eligible participants were randomly assigned to either a 5-ALA or a placebo group. During the 8 weeks of consumption, the subjects completed VAS questionnaires for fatigue and POMS2-A at 4-week intervals. The VAS values for overall feeling of fatigue and feeling of work-related fatigue, and the Anger-Hostility subscale of POMS2-A were decreased by 5-ALA with significant time × group interaction effects (p = 0.040, 0.020, and 0.045, respectively). Besides, the 5-ALA group showed significant differences in Fatigue-Inertia, Depression-Dejection and Total Mood Disturbance scores, when compared between pre- and post-intervention, while the placebo group did not. In conclusion, the oral administration of 5-ALA improves fatigue and negative mood in subjects who constantly feel physical fatigue. This clinical trial was registered with University hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) as UMIN000031528 on 2/3/2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Higashikawa
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Keishi Kanno
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Akiko Ogata
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8511, Japan
| | - Masanori Sugiyama
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
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11
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Changes in motor behavior, neuropathology, and gut microbiota of a Batten disease mouse model following administration of acidified drinking water. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14962. [PMID: 31628420 PMCID: PMC6802212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51488-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CLN3 mutations cause the fatal neurodegenerative disorder, CLN3 Batten disease. The Cln3−/− mouse model displays characteristic features of the human disease including motor deficits. When mice received acidified drinking water (pH 2.5–2.9) instead of normal tap water (pH 8.4) for several generations, the motor skills of Cln3−/− mice normalized to control levels, indicating a disease-modifying effect of acidified water. Here we investigated if acidified water administered from postnatal day 21 has therapeutic benefits in Cln3−/− mice. Indeed, acidified water temporarily attenuated the motor deficits, had beneficial effects on behavioral parameters and prevented microglial activation in the brain of Cln3−/− mice. Interestingly, in control mice, acidified drinking water caused brain region-specific glial activation and significant changes in motor performance. Since the gut microbiota can influence neurological functions, we examined it in our disease model and found that the gut microbiota of Cln3−/− mice was markedly different from control mice, and acidified water differentially changed the gut microbiota composition in these mice. These results indicate that acidified water may provide therapeutic benefit to CLN3 Batten disease patients, and that the pH of drinking water is a major environmental factor that strongly influences the results of murine behavioral and pathological studies.
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12
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Zhong Y, Wu S, Chen F, He M, Lin J. Isolation of high γ-aminobutyric acid-producing lactic acid bacteria and fermentation in mulberry leaf powders. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:147-153. [PMID: 31258648 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Amino butyric acid (GABA) has numerous roles in physiological processes, including neurotransmission, and induction of hypotensive, diuretic and tranquilizer effects. The present study aimed to produce GABA-enriched mulberry leaf powder by using a strain of high GABA-producing Lactobacillus pentosus SS6, which is isolated from fermented mulberry fruits. A total of 37 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from fermented mulberry fruits strains of high GABA-producing Lactobacillus pentosus were selected. The isolated LAB was analyzed using thin-layer chromatography. SS6 was used as a starter culture for the fermentation of mulberry leaf powder to produce GABA. The mulberry leaf powder was treated with 10% saccharose, 6% peptone, 1.6% K2HPO4, 1% L-sodium glutamate at 35°C for 36 h (each treatment was applied whilst the others were kept constant), in a mixture with a water content of 60%, with the respective LAB strain that was fermented by incubation at 30°C for 6 h. The results indicated that the SS6 strain produced significantly higher GABA contents in the fermentation broth compared to the other strains (P<0.05). Addition of 10% saccharose, 6% peptone, 1.6% K2HPO4 and 1% L-sodium glutamate significantly triggered the production of GABA compared with that in the groups void of those additives (P<0.05). Furthermore, the water content, treatment time, amount of LAB inoculated and the incubation temperature also significantly affected GABA production compared with untreated groups under the aforementioned conditions (P<0.05). In conclusion, 10% saccharose, 6% peptone, 1.6% K2HPO4, 1% L-sodium glutamate, and a 60% water content at 35°C significantly improved and enhanced GABA production. The present study provided a basis for the production of GABA, which may be utilized by the pharmaceutical and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangsheng Zhong
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Shan Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Fangyan Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Mengxiu He
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Jianrong Lin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
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Anti-Fatigue Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Sonchus arvensis L. in Exercise Trained Mice. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061168. [PMID: 30934545 PMCID: PMC6470720 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonchus arvensis L. is a nutritious vegetable and herbal medicine that is consumed worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-fatigue effects and underlying effects of aqueous extract of Sonchus arvensis L. (SA). Male C57BL/6 mice from four groups designated vehicle, exercise, exercise with low dose (250 mg/kg) or high dose of SA (500 mg/kg), were trained by swimming exercise and orally administrated with SA every other day for 28 days. The anti-fatigue activity was determined by exhaustive swimming test, as well as the muscle structure, levels of blood hemoglobin, and metabolites including lactate and urea nitrogen. SA alleviated mice fatigue behaviors by eliminating metabolites, while improving muscle structure and hemoglobin levels. Moreover, SA enhanced glycogen synthesis of liver but not muscle via increasing GCK and PEPCK gene expressions. Importantly, SA improved antioxidant enzymes expression and activities in both liver and muscle, which was possibly related to its primary components polysaccharides and the antioxidant components including chlorogenic acid, luteolin, and chicoric acid. Taken together, the anti-fatigue effects of SA could be partly explained by its antioxidant activity and mediating effects on glycogen synthesis and metabolites elimination. Therefore, SA could be a potential nutraceutical for improving exercise performance and alleviating physical fatigue.
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Lyte JM. Eating for 3.8 × 10 13: Examining the Impact of Diet and Nutrition on the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Through the Lens of Microbial Endocrinology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 9:796. [PMID: 30761092 PMCID: PMC6361751 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of host-microbe neuroendocrine crosstalk, termed microbial endocrinology, suggests the impact of diet on host health and microbial viability is, in part, reliant upon nutritional modulation of shared host-microbe neuroendocrine axes. In the 1990's it was first recognized that neuroendocrine pathways are major components of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and that diet-induced changes in the gut microbiota were correlated with changes in host behavior and cognition. A causative link, however, between nutritional-induced shifts in microbiota composition and change in host behavior has yet to be fully elucidated. Substrates found in food which are utilized by bacteria in the production of microbial-derived neurochemicals, which are structurally identical to those made by the host, likely represent a microbial endocrinology-based route by which the microbiota causally influence the host and microbial community dynamics via diet. For example, food safety is strongly impacted by the microbial production of biogenic amines. While microbial-produced tyramine found in cheese can elicit hypertensive crises, microorganisms which are common inhabitants of the human intestinal tract can convert L-histidine found in common foodstuffs to histamine and thereby precipitate allergic reactions. Hence, there is substantial evidence suggesting a microbial endocrinology-based role by which the gastrointestinal microbiota can utilize host dietary components to produce neuroactive molecules that causally impact the host. Conversely, little is known regarding the reverse scenario whereby nutrition-mediated changes in host neuroendocrine production affect microbial viability, composition, and/or function. Mechanisms in the direction of brain-to-gut, such as how host production of catecholamines drives diverse changes in microbial growth and functionality within the gut, require greater examination considering well-known nutritional effects on host stress physiology. As dietary intake mediates changes in host stress, such as the effects of caffeine on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, it is likely that nutrition can impact host neuroendocrine production to affect the microbiota. Likewise, the plasticity of the microbiota to changes in host diet has been hypothesized to drive microbial regulation of host food preference via a host-microbe feedback loop. This review will focus on food as concerns microbial endocrinology with emphasis given to nutrition as a mediator of host-microbe bi-directional neuroendocrine crosstalk and its impact on microbial viability and host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Lyte
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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15
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4- O -Caffeoylquinic acid as an antioxidant marker for mulberry leaves rich in phenolic compounds. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:985-993. [PMID: 29976416 PMCID: PMC9303035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves are widely used as herbal tea to prevent heat stroke. Potential chemical markers of the antioxidant properties and its correlation with harvesting times and leaf location were explored in this study. A 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay guided isolation of mulberry leaves extract provided five phenolic compounds: 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (1), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (2), gastrodin (3), isoquercetin (4) and rutin (5). The 50% radical-scavenging concentrations (SC50) of these compounds were 32.76 ± 0.27, 11.41 ± 0.48, 404.30 ± 4.92, 10.63 ± 0.96, and 10.57 ± 0.61 μg/mL, respectively. Chromatographic fingerprinting allowed content analysis of 1–5 in samples over a 12-month period. Compounds 1–5 were abundance in apical leaves (0–10 cm) in January and February at temperatures < 20 °C. Contents of 2 and 5 were highest in these months and were strongly correlated to the antioxidant property. Therefore, we suggested that the mulberry leaves harvested during January and February have high yield of 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid and this compound can be used as antioxidative marker in mulberry leaves.
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Quantitative ¹H-NMR Spectroscopy for Profiling Primary Metabolites in Mulberry Leaves. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030554. [PMID: 29498655 PMCID: PMC6017862 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary metabolites in aqueous extract of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves were characterized by using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. With the convenience of resonance assignment, GABA together with the other 10 primary metabolites was simultaneously identified and quantified in one 1H-NMR spectrum. In this study, external calibration curves for metabolites were employed to calculate the concentrations of interests. The proposed quantitative approach was demonstrated with good linearity (r2 ranged in the interval of 0.9965–0.9999), precision, repeatability, stability (RSD values in the ranges of 0.35–4.89%, 0.77–7.13% and 0.28–2.33%, respectively) and accuracy (recovery rates from 89.2% to 118.5%). The established 1H-NMR method was then successfully applied to quantify 11 primary metabolites in mulberry leaves from different geographical regions within a rapid analysis time and a simple sample preparation procedure.
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17
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Jiang X, Chu Q, Li L, Qin L, Hao J, Kou L, Lin F, Wang D. The anti-fatigue activities of Tuber melanosporum in a mouse model. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3066-3073. [PMID: 29599841 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuber melanosporum (TM) is an edible fungus that exhibits antioxidant and anti-tumor activity via its unique bioactive metabolites. The present study analyzed the anti-fatigue effects of TM using a BALB/c mouse model. The anti-fatigue properties of TM were evaluated by assessing the endurance of mice by performing forced swimming, rotary rod and running tests. Following 2 weeks TM treatment, hepatic and muscular ATP, and glycogen levels were increased in mice subjected to 30 min swimming, compared with controls. Similarly, levels of serum lactic acid and lactic dehydrogenase were decreased in the same group, compared with the control. Additionally, TM treatment reduced reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels, and increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels in the muscle, liver and/or serum. The effect of TM on hormone levels was also investigated in the present study, as different efficacies of TM were observed in male and female mice. TM treatment increased serum levels of progesterone, estradiol and testosterone in female and male mice, whereas a decrease in serum luteinizing hormone levels was only observed in females. A decrease in serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels was identified in females, whereas an increase was observed in males. The current study demonstrated that the anti-fatigue effects of TM occur via the regulation of oxidative stress, energy metabolism and hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Qiubo Chu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Lanzhou Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Luyao Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jie Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Ling Kou
- Department of Vasculocardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Feng Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Jilin University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, P.R. China
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18
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Ye J, Shen C, Huang Y, Zhang X, Xiao M. Anti-fatigue activity of sea cucumber peptides prepared from Stichopus japonicus in an endurance swimming rat model. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4548-4556. [PMID: 28337772 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) is a well-known nutritious and luxurious seafood in Asia which has attracted increasing attention because of its nutrition and bioactivities in recent years. In this study, the anti-fatigue activity of sea cucumber peptides (SCP) prepared from S. japonicus was evaluated in a load-induced endurance swimming model. RESULTS The SCP prepared in this study was mainly made up of low-molecular-weight peptides (<2 kDa). The analysis result of amino acid composition revealed that SCP was rich in glycine, glutamic acid and proline. The endurance capability of rats to fatigue was significantly improved by SCP treatment. Meanwhile, the remarkable alterations of energy metabolic markers, antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress biomarkers were normalized. Moreover, administration of SCP could modulate alterations of inflammatory cytokines and downregulate the overexpression of TRL4 and NF-κB. CONCLUSION SCP has anti-fatigue activity and it exerted its anti-fatigue effect probably through normalizing energy metabolism as well as alleviating oxidative damage and inflammatory responses. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Caihong Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yayan Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meitian Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
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Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli to produce gamma-aminobutyric acid using xylose. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:3587-3603. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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