1
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Sharma V, Negusse E, Kumar R, Budhani RC. Ferromagnetic resonance measurement with frequency modulation down to 2 K. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:063902. [PMID: 38836719 DOI: 10.1063/5.0190105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique to study the precessional dynamics of magnetization in thin film heterostructures. It provides valuable information about the mechanisms of exchange bias, spin angular momentum transfer across interfaces, and excitation of magnons. A key desirable feature of FMR spectrometers is the capability to study magnetization dynamics over a wide phase space of temperature (T), frequency (f), and magnetic field (B). The design, fabrication, and testing of such a spectrometer, which uses frequency modulation techniques for improved detection of microwave absorption, reduces heat load in the cryostat and allows simultaneous measurements of inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) induced dc voltages, is described in this paper. The apparatus is based on a 2-port transmitted microwave signal measurement using a grounded co-planar waveguide. The input radio frequency (RF) signal, frequency modulated at a tunable f-band, excites spin precession in the sample, and the attenuated RF signal is measured phase sensitively. The sample stage, inserted in the bore of a superconducting solenoid, allows magnetic field and temperature variability of 0 to ±5 T and 2-310 K, respectively. We demonstrate the working of this Cryo-FMR and ISHE spectrometer on thin films of Ni80Fe20 and Fe60Co20B20 over a wide T, B, and f phase space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Sharma
- Department of Physics, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21251, USA
| | - Ezana Negusse
- Department of Physics, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21251, USA
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Physics, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21251, USA
| | - Ramesh C Budhani
- Department of Physics, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21251, USA
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2
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Cao L, Ruta S, Khamtawi R, Chureemart P, Zhai Y, Evans RFL, Chantrell RW. Simulation study of the Gilbert damping in Ni 80Fe 20/Nd bilayers: comparison with experiments. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:305901. [PMID: 38354418 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad294e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
We present an experimental and computational investigation the Neodymium thickness dependence of the effective damping constant (αeff) inNi80Fe20/Neodymium (Py/Nd) bilayers. The computational results show that the magnetic damping is strongly dependent on the thickness of Nd, which is in agreement with experimental data. Self consistent solutions of the spin accumulation model and the local magnetisation were used in the simulations. It was not possible to obtain agreement with experiment under the assumption of an enhanced damping in a single Py monolayer. Instead, it was found that the enhanced damping due to spin pumping needed to be spread across two monolayers of Py. This is suggested to arise from interface mixing. Subsequently, the temperature dependence of the effective damping was investigated. It is found that, with increasing temperature, the influence of thermally-induced spin fluctuations on magnetic damping becomes stronger with increasing Nd thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Sergiu Ruta
- Sheffield Hallam University-Collegiate Campus, Sheffield S10 2BP, United Kingdom
| | - Rungtawan Khamtawi
- Department of Physics, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand
| | | | - Ya Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Richard F L Evans
- Department of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Roy W Chantrell
- Department of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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3
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Guo Y, Zhang J, Zhu Z, Jiang YY, Jiang L, Wu C, Dong J, Xu X, He W, He B, Huang Z, Du L, Zhang G, Wu K, Han X, Shao DF, Yu G, Wu H. Direct and Inverse Spin Splitting Effects in Altermagnetic RuO 2. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400967. [PMID: 38626379 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the altermagnetic materials with spin splitting effect (SSE), have drawn significant attention due to their potential to the flexible control of the spin polarization by the Néel vector. Here, the direct and inverse altermagnetic SSE (ASSE) in the (101)-oriented RuO2 film with the tilted Néel vector are reported. First, the spin torque along the x-, y-, and z-axis is detected from the spin torque-induced ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR), and the z-spin torque emerges when the electric current is along the [010] direction, showing the anisotropic spin splitting of RuO2. Further, the current-induced modulation of damping is used to quantify the damping-like torque efficiency (ξDL) in RuO2/Py, and an anisotropic ξDL is obtained and maximized for the current along the [010] direction, which increases with the reduction of the temperature, indicating the present of ASSE. Next, by way of spin pumping measurement, the inverse altermagnetic spin splitting effect (IASSE) is studied, which also shows a crystal direction-dependent anisotropic behavior and temperature-dependent behavior. This work gives a comprehensive study of the direct and inverse ASSE effects in the altermagnetic RuO2, inspiring future altermagnetic materials and devices with flexible control of spin polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Guo
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Zengtai Zhu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Longxing Jiang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Chuangwen Wu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Xing Xu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Wenqing He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Bin He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhiheng Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Luojun Du
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kehui Wu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiufeng Han
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ding-Fu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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4
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Bejarano M, Goncalves FJT, Hache T, Hollenbach M, Heins C, Hula T, Körber L, Heinze J, Berencén Y, Helm M, Fassbender J, Astakhov GV, Schultheiss H. Parametric magnon transduction to spin qubits. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi2042. [PMID: 38507479 PMCID: PMC10954226 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The integration of heterogeneous modular units for building large-scale quantum networks requires engineering mechanisms that allow suitable transduction of quantum information. Magnon-based transducers are especially attractive due to their wide range of interactions and rich nonlinear dynamics, but most of the work to date has focused on linear magnon transduction in the traditional system composed of yttrium iron garnet and diamond, two materials with difficult integrability into wafer-scale quantum circuits. In this work, we present a different approach by using wafer-compatible materials to engineer a hybrid transducer that exploits magnon nonlinearities in a magnetic microdisc to address quantum spin defects in silicon carbide. The resulting interaction scheme points to the unique transduction behavior that can be obtained when complementing quantum systems with nonlinear magnonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Bejarano
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Francisco J. T. Goncalves
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Toni Hache
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Hollenbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christopher Heins
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Hula
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Technical University of Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Lukas Körber
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jakob Heinze
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yonder Berencén
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred Helm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fassbender
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Georgy V. Astakhov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Helmut Schultheiss
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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5
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Janalizadeh A, Rahmonov IR, Abdelmoneim SA, Shukrinov YM, Kolahchi MR. Nonlinear features of the superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor φ 0 Josephson junction in the ferromagnetic resonance region. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:1155-1166. [PMID: 36320429 PMCID: PMC9592964 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the manifestations of nonlinear features in magnetic dynamics and I-V characteristics of a φ0 Josephson junction in the ferromagnetic resonance region. We show that at small values of the system parameters damping, spin-orbit interaction, and Josephson-to-magnetic energy ratio, the magnetic dynamics is reduced to the dynamics of a scalar Duffing oscillator driven by the Josephson oscillations. The role of the increasing superconducting current in the resonance region is clarified. Shifting of the ferromagnetic resonant frequency and the reversal of its damping dependence due to nonlinearity are demonstrated by the full Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Josephson system of equations and in its different approximations. Finally, we demonstrate the negative differential resistance in the I-V characteristics and its correlation with the fold-over effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliasghar Janalizadeh
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), P.O. Box 45137-66731, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ilhom R Rahmonov
- BLTP, JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, 141980, Russia
- Dubna State University, Dubna, 141980, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Sara A Abdelmoneim
- Physics Department, Menofiya University, Faculty of Science, 32511, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
| | - Yury M Shukrinov
- BLTP, JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, 141980, Russia
- Dubna State University, Dubna, 141980, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Mohammad R Kolahchi
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), P.O. Box 45137-66731, Zanjan, Iran
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6
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Pal S, Aon S, Manna S, Mitra C. A short-circuited coplanar waveguide for low-temperature single-port ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy setup to probe the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic thin films. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:083909. [PMID: 36050111 DOI: 10.1063/5.0100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A coplanar waveguide shorted in one end is proposed, designed, and implemented successfully to measure the properties of magnetic thin films as a part of the vector network analyzer ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy setup. Its simple structure, potential applications, and easy installation inside the cryostat chamber made it advantageous especially for low-temperature measurements. It provides a wide band of frequencies in the gigahertz range essential for FMR measurements. Our spectroscopy setup with a short-circuited coplanar waveguide has been used to extract the Gilbert damping coefficient and effective magnetization values for standard ferromagnetic thin films, such as Permalloy (Py) and Cobalt (Co). The thickness and temperature-dependent studies of those magnetic parameters have also been done here for the afore-mentioned magnetic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Pal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumik Aon
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhadip Manna
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chiranjib Mitra
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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7
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Suppression of spin rectification effects in spin pumping experiments. Sci Rep 2022; 12:224. [PMID: 34997112 PMCID: PMC8742073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Spin pumping (SP) is a well-established method to generate pure spin currents allowing efficient spin injection into metals and semiconductors avoiding the problem of impedance mismatch. However, to disentangle pure spin currents from parasitic effects due to spin rectification effects (SRE) is a difficult task that is seriously hampering further developments. Here we propose a simple method that allows suppressing SRE contribution to inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) voltage signal avoiding long and tedious angle-dependent measurements. We show an experimental study in the well-known Py/Pt system by using a coplanar waveguide (CPW). Results obtained demonstrate that the sign and size of the measured transverse voltage signal depends on the width of the sample along the CPW active line. A progressive reduction of this width evidences that SRE contribution to the measured transverse voltage signal becomes negligibly small for sample width below 200 μm. A numerical solution of the Maxwell equations in the CPW-sample setup, by using the Landau-Lifshitz equation with the Gilbert damping term (LLG) as the constitutive equation of the media, and with the proper set of boundary conditions, confirms the obtained experimental results.
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8
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Yao Y, Cai R, Yu T, Ma Y, Xing W, Ji Y, Xie XC, Yang SH, Han W. Giant oscillatory Gilbert damping in superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor junctions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh3686. [PMID: 34826245 PMCID: PMC8626077 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh3686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces between materials with differently ordered phases present unique opportunities for exotic physical properties, especially the interplay between ferromagnetism and superconductivity in the ferromagnet/superconductor heterostructures. The investigation of zero- and π-junctions has been of particular interest for both fundamental physical science and emerging technologies. Here, we report the experimental observation of giant oscillatory Gilbert damping in the superconducting niobium/nickel-iron/niobium junctions with respect to the nickel-iron thickness. This observation suggests an unconventional spin pumping and relaxation via zero-energy Andreev bound states that exist not only in the niobium/nickel-iron/niobium π-junctions but also in the niobium/nickel-iron/niobium zero-junctions. Our findings could be important for further exploring the exotic physical properties of ferromagnet/superconductor heterostructures and potential applications of ferromagnet π-junctions in quantum computing, such as half-quantum flux qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Yao
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ranran Cai
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yang Ma
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenyu Xing
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin-Cheng Xie
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | | | - Wei Han
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
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9
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Lee D, Jeong W, Yun D, Park SY, Ju BK, Lee KJ, Min BC, Koo HC, Lee O. Effects of Interfacial Oxidization on Magnetic Damping and Spin-Orbit Torques. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:19414-19421. [PMID: 33764745 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effects of interfacial oxidation on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, magnetic damping, and spin-orbit torques in heavy-metal (Pt)/ferromagnet (Co or NiFe)/capping (MgO/Ta, HfOx, or TaN) structures. At room temperature, the capping materials influence the effective surface magnetic anisotropy energy density, which is associated with the formation of interfacial magnetic oxides. The magnetic damping parameter of Co is considerably influenced by the capping material (especially MgO) while that of NiFe is not. This is possibly due to extra magnetic damping via spin-pumping process across the Co/CoO interface and incoherent magnon generation (spin fluctuation) developed in the antiferromagnetic CoO. It is also observed that both antidamping and field-like spin-orbit torque efficiencies vary with the capping material in the thickness ranges we examined. Our results reveal the crucial role of interfacial oxides on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, magnetic damping, and spin-orbit torques.
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Affiliation(s)
- DongJoon Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - WonMin Jeong
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - DeokHyun Yun
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Seung-Young Park
- Spin Engineering Physics Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Korea
| | - Byeong-Kwon Ju
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Byoung-Chul Min
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Koo
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - OukJae Lee
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
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10
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Li Y, Li Y, Sun R, Liu JN, Li N, Yang X, Gong ZZ, Xie ZK, He W, Zhang XQ, Cheng ZH. Drag effect induced large anisotropic damping behavior in magnetic thin films with strong magnetic anisotropy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:175801. [PMID: 33530080 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abe265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The determination of intrinsic Gilbert damping is one of the central interests in the field of spintronics. However, some external factors in magnetic films tend to play a remarkable role in the magnetization dynamics. Here, we present a comprehensive study of the magnetic relaxation in ferromagnetic films with various in-plane magnetic anisotropy via ferromagnetic resonance technique. We find that the magnetic drag effect can result in the resonant linewidth broadening and the nonlinear dependence of linewidth on frequency stemming from field-magnetization misalignment. As a result, this could lead to the imprecise extraction of the key dynamic parameter-Gilbert damping and cause the confusing behaviors of ultra-low and anisotropic damping in thin films and multi-layers with high magnetic anisotropy. Our results provide a crucial way for the accurately quantitative estimation of the Gilbert damping in spintronics measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Nan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Zhao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Kai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Qun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Hua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
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11
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Saha S, Zhou J, Hofhuis K, Kákay A, Scagnoli V, Heyderman LJ, Gliga S. Spin-Wave Dynamics and Symmetry Breaking in an Artificial Spin Ice. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:2382-2389. [PMID: 33689358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Artificial spin ices are periodic arrangements of interacting nanomagnets which allow investigating emergent phenomena in the presence of geometric frustration. Recently, it has been shown that artificial spin ices can be used as building blocks for creating functional materials, such as magnonic crystals. We investigate the magnetization dynamics in a system exhibiting anisotropic magnetostatic interactions owing to locally broken structural inversion symmetry. We find a rich spin-wave spectrum and investigate its evolution in an external magnetic field. We determine the evolution of individual modes, from building blocks up to larger arrays, highlighting the role of symmetry breaking in defining the mode profiles. Moreover, we demonstrate that the mode spectra exhibit signatures of long-range interactions in the system. These results contribute to the understanding of magnetization dynamics in spin ices beyond the kagome and square ice geometries and are relevant for the realization of reconfigurable magnonic crystals based on spin ices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Saha
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jingyuan Zhou
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Hofhuis
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Attila Kákay
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Valerio Scagnoli
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Laura J Heyderman
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Gliga
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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12
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Emori S, Klewe C, Schmalhorst JM, Krieft J, Shafer P, Lim Y, Smith DA, Sapkota A, Srivastava A, Mewes C, Jiang Z, Khodadadi B, Elmkharram H, Heremans JJ, Arenholz E, Reiss G, Mewes T. Element-Specific Detection of Sub-Nanosecond Spin-Transfer Torque in a Nanomagnet Ensemble. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7828-7834. [PMID: 33084344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spin currents can exert spin-transfer torques on magnetic systems even in the limit of vanishingly small net magnetization, as recently shown for antiferromagnets. Here, we experimentally show that a spin-transfer torque is operative in a macroscopic ensemble of weakly interacting, randomly magnetized Co nanomagnets. We employ element- and time-resolved X-ray ferromagnetic resonance (XFMR) spectroscopy to directly detect subnanosecond dynamics of the Co nanomagnets, excited into precession with cone angle ≳0.003° by an oscillating spin current. XFMR measurements reveal that as the net moment of the ensemble decreases, the strength of the spin-transfer torque increases relative to those of magnetic field torques. Our findings point to spin-transfer torque as an effective way to manipulate the state of nanomagnet ensembles at subnanosecond time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Emori
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Christoph Klewe
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jan-Michael Schmalhorst
- Center for Spinelectronic Materials and Devices, Physics Department, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jan Krieft
- Center for Spinelectronic Materials and Devices, Physics Department, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Padraic Shafer
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Youngmin Lim
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - David A Smith
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Arjun Sapkota
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Abhishek Srivastava
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Claudia Mewes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Zijian Jiang
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Behrouz Khodadadi
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Hesham Elmkharram
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jean J Heremans
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Elke Arenholz
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Günter Reiss
- Center for Spinelectronic Materials and Devices, Physics Department, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tim Mewes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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13
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Kumar R, Samantaray B, Hossain Z. Ferromagnetic resonance studies of strain tuned Bi:YIG films. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:435802. [PMID: 31265999 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab2e93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth-doped Yttrium iron garnet (Bi:YIG) thin films known for large magneto-optical activity with low losses still need to get probed for its magnetization dynamics. We demonstrate a controlled tuning of magnetocrystalline anisotropy in Bi-doped Y3Fe5O12 (Bi:YIG) films of high crystalline quality using growth induced epitaxial strain on [1 1 1]-oriented Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG) substrate. We optimize a growth protocol to get thick highly-strained epitaxial films showing large magneto-crystalline anisotropy, compare to thin films prepared using a different protocol. Ferromagnetic resonance measurements establish a linear dependence of the out-of-plane uniaxial anisotropy on the strain induced rhombohedral distortion of Bi:YIG lattice. Interestingly, the enhancement in the magnetoelastic constant due to an optimum substitution of Bi3+ ions with strong spin orbit coupling does not strongly affect the precessional damping (∼[Formula: see text]). Large magneto-optical activity, reasonably low damping, large magnetocrystalline anisotropy and large magnetoelastic coupling in Bi:YIG are the properties that may help Bi:YIG emerge as a possible material for photo-magnonics and other spintronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kumar
- Condensed Matter-Low Dimensional Systems Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur-208016, India
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14
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Another view on Gilbert damping in two-dimensional ferromagnets. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17148. [PMID: 30464318 PMCID: PMC6249205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A keen interest towards technological implications of spin-orbit driven magnetization dynamics requests a proper theoretical description, especially in the context of a microscopic framework, to be developed. Indeed, magnetization dynamics is so far approached within Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation which characterizes torques on magnetization on purely phenomenological grounds. Particularly, spin-orbit coupling does not respect spin conservation, leading thus to angular momentum transfer to lattice and damping as a result. This mechanism is accounted by the Gilbert damping torque which describes relaxation of the magnetization to equilibrium. In this study we work out a microscopic Kubo-Středa formula for the components of the Gilbert damping tensor and apply the elaborated formalism to a two-dimensional Rashba ferromagnet in the weak disorder limit. We show that an exact analytical expression corresponding to the Gilbert damping parameter manifests linear dependence on the scattering rate and retains the constant value up to room temperature when no vibrational degrees of freedom are present in the system. We argue that the methodology developed in this paper can be safely applied to bilayers made of non- and ferromagnetic metals, e.g., CoPt.
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15
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Méndez M, Vega V, González S, Caballero-Flores R, García J, Prida VM. Effect of Sharp Diameter Geometrical Modulation on the Magnetization Reversal of Bi-Segmented FeNi Nanowires. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8080595. [PMID: 30081591 PMCID: PMC6116228 DOI: 10.3390/nano8080595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Controlling functional properties of matter and combining them for engineering a functional device is, nowadays, a common direction of the scientific community. For instance, heterogeneous magnetic nanostructures can make use of different types of geometrical and compositional modulations to achieve the control of the magnetization reversal along with the nano-entities and, thus, enable the fabrication of spintronic, magnetic data storage, and sensing devices, among others. In this work, diameter-modulated FeNi nanowires are fabricated paying special effort to obtain sharp transition regions between two segments of different diameters (from about 450 nm to 120 nm), enabling precise control over the magnetic behavior of the sample. Micromagnetic simulations performed on single bi-segmented nanowires predict a double step magnetization reversal where the wide segment magnetization switches near 16 kA/m through a vortex domain wall, while at 40 kA/m the magnetization of the narrow segment is reversed through a corkscrew-like mechanism. Finally, these results are confirmed with magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements at the transition of isolated bi-segmented nanowires. Furthermore, macroscopic vibrating sample magnetometry is used to demonstrate that the magnetic decoupling of nanowire segments is the main phenomenon occurring over the entire fabricated nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Méndez
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico Garcia Lorca 18, 33007-Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Víctor Vega
- Laboratorio Membranas Nanoporosas, Servicios Científico-Técnicos, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus El Cristo s/n, 33006-Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Silvia González
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico Garcia Lorca 18, 33007-Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Rafael Caballero-Flores
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico Garcia Lorca 18, 33007-Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Javier García
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico Garcia Lorca 18, 33007-Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Víctor M Prida
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico Garcia Lorca 18, 33007-Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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16
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Tang C, Song Q, Chang CZ, Xu Y, Ohnuma Y, Matsuo M, Liu Y, Yuan W, Yao Y, Moodera JS, Maekawa S, Han W, Shi J. Dirac surface state-modulated spin dynamics in a ferrimagnetic insulator at room temperature. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaas8660. [PMID: 29868645 PMCID: PMC5983918 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aas8660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates markedly modified spin dynamics of magnetic insulator (MI) by the spin momentum-locked Dirac surface states of the adjacent topological insulator (TI), which can be harnessed for spintronic applications. As the Bi concentration x is systematically tuned in 5-nm-thick (Bi x Sb1-x )2Te3 TI films, the weight of the surface relative to bulk states peaks at x = 0.32 when the chemical potential approaches the Dirac point. At this concentration, the Gilbert damping constant of the precessing magnetization in 10-nm-thick Y3Fe5O12 MI films in the MI/TI heterostructures is enhanced by an order of magnitude, the largest among all concentrations. In addition, the MI acquires additional strong magnetic anisotropy that favors the in-plane orientation with similar Bi concentration dependence. These extraordinary effects of the Dirac surface states distinguish TI from other materials such as heavy metals in modulating spin dynamics of the neighboring magnetic layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Tang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Qi Song
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cui-Zu Chang
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yadong Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Yuichi Ohnuma
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mamoru Matsuo
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Ibaraki, Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Wei Yuan
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunyan Yao
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jagadeesh S. Moodera
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sadamichi Maekawa
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Wei Han
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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17
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Wheeler MC, Ma'Mari FA, Rogers M, Gonçalves FJ, Moorsom T, Brataas A, Stamps R, Ali M, Burnell G, Hickey BJ, Cespedes O. Optical conversion of pure spin currents in hybrid molecular devices. Nat Commun 2017; 8:926. [PMID: 29030558 PMCID: PMC5640639 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based molecules offer unparalleled potential for THz and optical devices controlled by pure spin currents: a low-dissipation flow of electronic spins with no net charge displacement. However, the research so far has been focused on the electrical conversion of the spin imbalance, where molecular materials are used to mimic their crystalline counterparts. Here, we use spin currents to access the molecular dynamics and optical properties of a fullerene layer. The spin mixing conductance across Py/C60 interfaces is increased by 10% (5 × 1018 m-2) under optical irradiation. Measurements show up to a 30% higher light absorbance and a factor of 2 larger photoemission during spin pumping. We also observe a 0.15 THz slowdown and a narrowing of the vibrational peaks. The effects are attributed to changes in the non-radiative damping and energy transfer. This opens new research paths in hybrid magneto-molecular optoelectronics, and the optical detection of spin physics in these materials.Carbon-based molecules could prove useful in terahertz and optical devices controlled by pure spin currents. Here, conversely, the authors use spin currents to probe molecular dynamics and enhance the optical response of a fullerene layer, enabling hybrid magneto-molecular optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- May C Wheeler
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Fatma Al Ma'Mari
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Department of Physics, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Muscat, 123, Oman
| | - Matthew Rogers
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Timothy Moorsom
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Arne Brataas
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NO, 7491, Norway
| | - Robert Stamps
- School of Physics and Astronomy, SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Mannan Ali
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Gavin Burnell
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - B J Hickey
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Oscar Cespedes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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18
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Behera N, Guha P, Pandya DK, Chaudhary S. Capping Layer (CL) Induced Antidamping in CL/Py/β-W System (CL: Al, β-Ta, Cu, β-W). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:31005-31017. [PMID: 28820239 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For achieving ultrafast switching speed and minimizing dissipation losses, the spin-based data storage device requires a control on effective damping (αeff) of nanomagnetic bits. Incorporation of interfacial antidamping spin orbit torque (SOT) in spintronic devices therefore has high prospects for enhancing their performance efficiency. Clear evidence of such an interfacial antidamping is found in Al capped Py(15 nm)/β-W(tW)/Si (Py = Ni81Fe19 and tW = thickness of β-W), which is in contrast to the increase of αeff (i.e., damping) usually associated with spin pumping as seen in Py(15 nm)/β-W(tW)/Si system. Because of spin pumping, the interfacial spin mixing conductance (g↑↓) at Py/β-W interface and spin diffusion length (λSD) of β-W are found to be 1.63(±0.02) × 1018 m-2 (1.44(±0.02) × 1018 m-2) and 1.42(±0.19) nm (1.00(±0.10) nm) for Py(15 nm)/β-W(tW)/Si (β-W(tW)/Py(15 nm)/Si) bilayer systems. Other different nonmagnetic capping layers (CL), namely, β-W(2 nm), Cu(2 nm), and β-Ta(2,3,4 nm) were also grown over the same Py(15 nm)/β-W(tW). However, antidamping is seen only in β-Ta(2,3 nm)/Py(15 nm)/β-W(tW)/Si. This decrease in αeff is attributed to the interfacial Rashba like SOT generated by nonequilibrium spin accumulation subsequent to the spin pumping. Contrary to this, when interlayer positions of Py(15 nm) and β-W(tW) is interchanged irrespective of the fixed top nonmagnetic layer, an increase of αeff is observed, which is ascribed to spin pumping from Py to β-W layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilamani Behera
- Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Puspendu Guha
- Institute of Physics , Sachivalaya Marg, Bhubaneswar 751005, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Dinesh K Pandya
- Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sujeet Chaudhary
- Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , New Delhi 110016, India
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19
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Omelchenko P, Montoya EA, Coutts C, Heinrich B, Girt E. Tunable magnetization and damping of sputter-deposited, exchange coupled Py|Fe bilayers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4861. [PMID: 28687777 PMCID: PMC5501870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on magnetic damping of exchange coupled, polycrystalline Py(Ni80Fe20)|Fe and Fe|Py bilayers, prepared by sputter-deposition on an amorphous 3 nm Ta seed layer. FMR measurements are performed on varying thicknesses of the individual Py and Fe layers while keeping the total bilayer structure thickness fixed. When Fe is grown directly on Ta, there is large magnetic inhomogeneity and damping. However, when a Py layer is deposited between Fe and Ta, both the magnetic inhomogeneity and damping significantly decrease even if Fe is covered by Ta. The intrinsic damping of the Ta|Py|Fe film can be further lowered by increasing the Fe to Py ratio. SQUID measurements show a linear increase in saturation magnetization with increasing ratio of Fe to Py. A combination of in-plane and out-of-plane X-ray diffraction measurements show that Py is textured along the 〈111〉 directions and Fe is textured along the 〈110〉, with Fe texture significantly improving if it is deposited on Ta|Py instead of Ta. By improving the texture of Fe by introducing a thin Py layer between Fe and Ta, one can grow Fe thin films with zero in-plane anisotropy, tunable magnetic moment, and low magnetic damping, approaching that of the best single crystal Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Omelchenko
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Physics, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Eric Arturo Montoya
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Physics, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Chris Coutts
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Physics, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Bret Heinrich
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Physics, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Erol Girt
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Physics, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
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20
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Song Q, Zhang H, Su T, Yuan W, Chen Y, Xing W, Shi J, Sun J, Han W. Observation of inverse Edelstein effect in Rashba-split 2DEG between SrTiO 3 and LaAlO 3 at room temperature. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602312. [PMID: 28345050 PMCID: PMC5357130 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The Rashba physics has been intensively studied in the field of spin orbitronics for the purpose of searching novel physical properties and the ferromagnetic (FM) magnetization switching for technological applications. We report our observation of the inverse Edelstein effect up to room temperature in the Rashba-split two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) between two insulating oxides, SrTiO3 and LaAlO3, with the LaAlO3 layer thickness from 3 to 40 unit cells (UC). We further demonstrate that the spin voltage could be markedly manipulated by electric field effect for the 2DEG between SrTiO3 and 3-UC LaAlO3. These results demonstrate that the Rashba-split 2DEG at the complex oxide interface can be used for efficient charge-and-spin conversion at room temperature for the generation and detection of spin current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Song
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hongrui Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tang Su
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenyu Xing
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jirong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Han
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
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21
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Carva K, Baláž P, Radu I. Laser-Induced Ultrafast Magnetic Phenomena. HANDBOOK OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.hmm.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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