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Geng S, Zhang Y, Lu R, Irimia D, Li L. Resolving neutrophils through genetic deletion of TRAM attenuate atherosclerosis pathogenesis. iScience 2024; 27:110097. [PMID: 38883832 PMCID: PMC11179630 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic neutrophil dysregulation contributes to atherosclerosis pathogenesis, and restoring neutrophil homeostasis may be beneficial for treating atherosclerosis. Herein, we report that a homeostatic resolving subset of neutrophils exists in mice and humans characterized by the low expression of TRAM, correlated with reduced expression of inflammatory mediators (leukotriene B4 [LTB4] and elastase) and elevated expression of anti-inflammatory resolving mediators (resolvin D1 [RvD1] and CD200R). TRAM-deficient neutrophils can potently improve vascular integrity and suppress atherosclerosis pathogenesis when adoptively transfused into recipient atherosclerotic animals. Mechanistically, we show that TRAM deficiency correlates with reduced expression of 5-lipoxygenase (LOX5) activating protein (LOX5AP), dislodges nuclear localization of LOX5, and switches the lipid mediator secretion from pro-inflammatory LTB4 to pro-resolving RvD1. TRAM also serves as a stress sensor of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and/or free cholesterol and triggers inflammatory signaling processes that facilitate elastase release. Together, our study defines a unique neutrophil population characterized by reduced TRAM, capable of homeostatic resolution and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Geng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA 24061, USA
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA 24061, USA
| | - Ran Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA 24061, USA
| | - Daniel Irimia
- Center for Engineering in Medicine & Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA 24061, USA
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2
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Münter R, Bak M, Thomsen ME, Parhamifar L, Stensballe A, Simonsen JB, Kristensen K, Andresen TL. Deciphering the monocyte-targeting mechanisms of PEGylated cationic liposomes by investigating the biomolecular corona. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124129. [PMID: 38621615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Cationic liposomes specifically target monocytes in blood, rendering them promising drug-delivery tools for cancer immunotherapy, vaccines, and therapies for monocytic leukaemia. The mechanism behind this monocyte targeting ability is, however, not understood, but may involve plasma proteins adsorbed on the liposomal surfaces. To shed light on this, we investigated the biomolecular corona of three different types of PEGylated cationic liposomes, finding all of them to adsorb hyaluronan-associated proteins and proteoglycans upon incubation in human blood plasma. This prompted us to study the role of the TLR4 co-receptors CD44 and CD14, both involved in signalling and uptake pathways of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans. We found that separate inhibition of each of these receptors hampered the monocyte uptake of the liposomes in whole human blood. Based on clues from the biomolecular corona, we have thus identified two receptors involved in the targeting and uptake of cationic liposomes in monocytes, in turn suggesting that certain proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans may serve as monocyte-targeting opsonins. This mechanistic knowledge may pave the way for rational design of future monocyte-targeting drug-delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Münter
- Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Bak
- Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikkel E Thomsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9260 Gistrup, Denmark
| | - Ladan Parhamifar
- Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9260 Gistrup, Denmark; Clinical Cancer Center, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens B Simonsen
- Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kasper Kristensen
- Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Xu L, Chen F, Fan W, Saito S, Cao D. The role of γδT lymphocytes in atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369202. [PMID: 38774876 PMCID: PMC11106432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis poses a significant threat to human health, impacting overall well-being and imposing substantial financial burdens. Current treatment strategies mainly focus on managing low-density lipids (LDL) and optimizing liver functions. However, it's crucial to recognize that Atherosclerosis involves more than just lipid accumulation; it entails a complex interplay of immune responses. Research highlights the pivotal role of lipid-laden macrophages in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. These macrophages attract lymphocytes like CD4 and CD8 to the inflamed site, potentially intensifying the inflammatory response. γδ T lymphocytes, with their diverse functions in innate and adaptive immune responses, pathogen defense, antigen presentation, and inflammation regulation, have been implicated in the early stages of Atherosclerosis. However, our understanding of the roles of γδ T cells in Atherosclerosis remains limited. This mini-review aims to shed light on the characteristics and functions of γδ T cells in Atherosclerosis. By gaining insights into the roles of γδ T cells, we may uncover a promising strategy to mitigate plaque buildup and dampen the inflammatory response, thereby opening new avenues for effectively managing this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiMin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Frontier Inspection Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fanfan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Suguru Saito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - DuoYao Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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4
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Paramasivam S, Perumal SS, Ekambaram SP. Computational Deciphering of the Role of S100A8 and S100A9 Proteins and Their Changes in the Structure Assembly Influences Their Interaction with TLR4, RAGE, and CD36. Protein J 2024; 43:243-258. [PMID: 38431537 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-024-10186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
S100A8 and S100A9 belong to the calcium-binding, damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) proteins shown to aggravate the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through their interaction with the TLR4, RAGE and CD36 receptors. S100A8 and S100A9 proteins tend to exist in monomeric, homo and heterodimeric forms, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of RA, via interacting with Pattern Recognition receptors (PRRs). The study aims to assess the influence of changes in the structure and biological assembly of S100A8 and S100A9 proteins as well as their interaction with significant receptors in RA through computational methods and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the S100A9 homodimer and S100A8/A9 heterodimer showed higher binding affinity towards the target receptors. Most S100 proteins showed good binding affinity towards TLR4 compared to other receptors. Based on the 50 ns MD simulations, TLR4, RAGE, and CD36 formed stable complexes with the monomeric and dimeric forms of S100A8 and S100A9 proteins. However, SPR analysis showed that the S100A8/A9 heterodimers formed stable complexes and exhibited high binding affinity towards the receptors. SPR data also indicated that TLR4 and its interactions with S100A8/A9 proteins may play a primary role in the pathogenesis of RA, with additional contributions from CD36 and RAGE interactions. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo investigations are warranted to corroborate the involvement of S100A8/A9 and the expression of TLR4, RAGE, and CD36 in the pathophysiology of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasakthi Paramasivam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, University College of Engineering, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Senthamil Selvan Perumal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, University College of Engineering, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Sanmuga Priya Ekambaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, University College of Engineering, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India.
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Yang R, Liu Q, Zhang M. The Past and Present Lives of the Intraocular Transmembrane Protein CD36. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010171. [PMID: 36611964 PMCID: PMC9818597 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) belongs to the B2 receptors of the scavenger receptor class B family, which is comprised of single-chain secondary transmembrane glycoproteins. It is present in a variety of cell types, including monocytes, macrophages, microvascular endothelial cells, adipocytes, hepatocytes, platelets, skeletal muscle cells, kidney cells, cardiomyocytes, taste bud cells, and a variety of other cell types. CD36 can be localized on the cell surface, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and endosomes, playing a role in lipid accumulation, oxidative stress injury, apoptosis, and inflammatory signaling. Recent studies have found that CD36 is expressed in a variety of ocular cells, including retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), retinal microvascular endothelial cells, retinal ganglion cells (RGC), Müller cells, and photoreceptor cells, playing an important role in eye diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and glaucoma. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of CD36 function and downstream signaling pathways is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of eye diseases. This article reviews the molecular characteristics, distribution, and function of scavenger receptor CD36 and its role in ophthalmology in order to deepen the understanding of CD36 in eye diseases and provide new ideas for treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucui Yang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Qingping Liu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China
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Huang Q, Zheng XM, Zhang ML, Ning P, Wu MJ. Lactation mastitis: Promising alternative indicators for early diagnosis. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:11252-11259. [PMID: 36387788 PMCID: PMC9649554 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i31.11252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although lactation mastitis (LM) has been extensively researched, the incidence rate of LM remains a salient clinical problem. To reduce this incidence rate and achieve a better prognosis, early and specific quantitative indicators are particularly important. It has been found that milk electrolyte concentrations (chloride, potassium, and sodium) and electrical conductivity (EC) significantly change in the early stages of LM in an animal model. Several studies have evaluated EC for the detection of subclinical mastitis in cows. EC, chloride, and sodium content of milk were more accurate for predicting infection status than were other variables. In the early stages of LM, lactic sodium, chloride, and EC increase, but potassium decreases. However, these indicators have not been reported in the diagnosis of LM in humans. This review summarizes the pathogenesis and the mechanism of LM in terms of milk electrolyte concentration and EC, and aim to provide new ideas for the detection of sub-clinical mastitis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xue-Mei Zheng
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mao-Lin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ping Ning
- Department of Breast, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Meng-Jun Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
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7
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Rainard P, Gilbert FB, Germon P. Immune defenses of the mammary gland epithelium of dairy ruminants. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1031785. [PMID: 36341445 PMCID: PMC9634088 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1031785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelium of the mammary gland (MG) fulfills three major functions: nutrition of progeny, transfer of immunity from mother to newborn, and its own defense against infection. The defense function of the epithelium requires the cooperation of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) with intraepithelial leucocytes, macrophages, DCs, and resident lymphocytes. The MG is characterized by the secretion of a large amount of a nutrient liquid in which certain bacteria can proliferate and reach a considerable bacterial load, which has conditioned how the udder reacts against bacterial invasions. This review presents how the mammary epithelium perceives bacteria, and how it responds to the main bacterial genera associated with mastitis. MECs are able to detect the presence of actively multiplying bacteria in the lumen of the gland: they express pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) released by the growing bacteria. Interactions with intraepithelial leucocytes fine-tune MECs responses. Following the onset of inflammation, new interactions are established with lymphocytes and neutrophils recruited from the blood. The mammary epithelium also identifies and responds to antigens, which supposes an antigen-presenting capacity. Its responses can be manipulated with drugs, plant extracts, probiotics, and immune modifiers, in order to increase its defense capacities or reduce the damage related to inflammation. Numerous studies have established that the mammary epithelium is a genuine effector of both innate and adaptive immunity. However, knowledge gaps remain and newly available tools offer the prospect of exciting research to unravel and exploit the multiple capacities of this particular epithelium.
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Liu Z, Zhao J, Sun R, Wang M, Wang K, Li Y, Shang H, Hou J, Jiang Z. Lactobacillus plantarum 23-1 improves intestinal inflammation and barrier function through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in obese mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:5971-5986. [PMID: 35546499 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As a natural active ingredient, lactic acid bacteria have potential anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, male C57BL/6J mice were given a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish an obese mouse model. Lactobacillus plantarum 23-1 (LP23-1) with prebiotic characteristics was intervened for 8 weeks to evaluate its remission effect on obese animals and related mechanisms. The effects of LP23-1 on lipid accumulation and intestinal inflammation in HFD-fed mice were systematically evaluated by detecting lipid accumulation, blood lipid level, pathological changes in the liver and small intestine, oxidative stress and inflammatory cell level, lipid transport-related gene expression, the inflammatory signaling pathway, and intestinal tight junction (TJ) mRNA and protein expression. The results showed that LP23-1 could significantly reduce the body weight and fat index of HFD-fed mice, improve the lipid levels of serum and liver, reduce the histopathological damage to the liver and small intestine, and alleviate oxidative stress and inflammatory response caused by obesity. In addition, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis showed that LP23-1 could regulate the mRNA expression of lipid transport-related genes; activate the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway; reduce intestinal inflammation; improve the mRNA and protein expression of intestinal TJ proteins zona occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, claudin-1, and Muc2; repair intestinal mucosal injury; and enhance intestinal barrier function. The aforementioned results showed that LP23-1 through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and intestinal barrier function reduced obesity symptoms. This study provided new insights into the mechanism of LP23-1 in reducing obesity and provided a theoretical basis for developing new functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Jiale Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Rongbo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Kunyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yanan Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Hang Shang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Juncai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Zhanmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Dai YJ, Liu WB, Abasubong KP, Zhang DD, Li XF, Xiao K, Wang X, Jiang GZ. The Mechanism of Lipopolysaccharide Escaping the Intestinal Barrier in Megalobrama amblycephala Fed a High-Fat Diet. Front Nutr 2022; 9:853409. [PMID: 35464002 PMCID: PMC9023073 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.853409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the popularity of western food characterized by excessive fat and sugars, obesity has currently been a public health issue. Low-grade chronic inflammation accompanied by obesity increases the risk of multiple epidemics such as diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Here, we show that feeding Megalobrama amblycephala with a high-fat diet (HFD) drives obesity-related chronic inflammation and the penetration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Interference with antibiotics inhibits the produce of LPS and this alleviates the sustained release of pro-inflammatory factors induced by HFD. LPS penetration is attributed to weakened intestinal mucus barrier after high-fat exposure. Mechanically, the consumption of HFD inhibits the secretion of mucin 2 (MUC2) due to the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated by the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) /X box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) pathway in goblet cells. Furthermore, excessive lipid exacerbates the leakage of LPS across the intestinal epithelial cell barrier via the transcellular pathway. Mechanically, lipid increases the internalization of LPS in intestinal epithelial cells depending on the activation of fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36). These results demonstrate that HFD causes the penetration of LPS due to the weakened intestinal mucosal barrier and the assistance of CD36.
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Rieu Q, Bougoüin A, Zagar Y, Chatagnon J, Hamieh A, Enderlin J, Huby T, Nandrot EF. Pleiotropic Roles of Scavenger Receptors in Circadian Retinal Phagocytosis: A New Function for Lysosomal SR-B2/LIMP-2 at the RPE Cell Surface. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073445. [PMID: 35408805 PMCID: PMC8998831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal phagocytic machinery resembles the one used by macrophages to clear apoptotic cells. However, in the retina, the permanent contact between photoreceptor outer segments (POS) and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells requires a tight control of this circadian machinery. In addition to the known receptors synchronizing POS internalization, several others are expressed by RPE cells. Notably, scavenger receptor CD36 has been shown to intervene in the internalization speed. We thus investigated members of the scavenger receptor family class A SR-AI and MARCO and class B CD36, SR-BI and SR-B2/LIMP-2 using immunoblotting, immunohisto- and immunocytochemistry, lipid raft flotation gradients, phagocytosis assays after siRNA/antibody inhibition, RT-qPCR and western blot analysis along the light:dark cycle. All receptors were expressed by RPE cell lines and tissues and colocalized with POS, except SR-BI. All receptors were associated with lipid rafts, and even more upon POS challenge. SR-B2/LIMP-2 inhibition suggested a role in the control of the internalization speed similar to CD36. In vivo, MARCO and CD36 displayed rhythmic gene and protein expression patterns concomitant with the phagocytic peak. Taken together, our results indicate that CD36 and SR-B2/LIMP-2 play a direct regulatory role in POS phagocytosis dynamics, while the others such as MARCO might participate in POS clearance by RPE cells either as co-receptors or via an indirect process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Rieu
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France; (Q.R.); (A.B.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (A.H.); (J.E.)
| | - Antoine Bougoüin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France; (Q.R.); (A.B.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (A.H.); (J.E.)
| | - Yvrick Zagar
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France; (Q.R.); (A.B.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (A.H.); (J.E.)
| | - Jonathan Chatagnon
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France; (Q.R.); (A.B.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (A.H.); (J.E.)
| | - Abdallah Hamieh
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France; (Q.R.); (A.B.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (A.H.); (J.E.)
| | - Julie Enderlin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France; (Q.R.); (A.B.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (A.H.); (J.E.)
| | - Thierry Huby
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR-S 1166, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Emeline F. Nandrot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France; (Q.R.); (A.B.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (A.H.); (J.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-5346-2541; Fax: +33-1-5346-2602
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Lebrun LJ, Moreira S, Tavernier A, Niot I. Postprandial consequences of lipid absorption in the onset of obesity: Role of intestinal CD36. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Taban Q, Mumtaz PT, Masoodi KZ, Haq E, Ahmad SM. Scavenger receptors in host defense: from functional aspects to mode of action. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:2. [PMID: 34980167 PMCID: PMC8721182 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptors belong to a superfamily of proteins that are structurally heterogeneous and encompass the miscellaneous group of transmembrane proteins and soluble secretory extracellular domain. They are functionally diverse as they are involved in various disorders and biological pathways and their major function in innate immunity and homeostasis. Numerous scavenger receptors have been discovered so far and are apportioned in various classes (A-L). Scavenger receptors are documented as pattern recognition receptors and known to act in coordination with other co-receptors such as Toll-like receptors in generating the immune responses against a repertoire of ligands such as microbial pathogens, non-self, intracellular and modified self-molecules through various diverse mechanisms like adhesion, endocytosis and phagocytosis etc. Unlike, most of the scavenger receptors discussed below have both membrane and soluble forms that participate in scavenging; the role of a potential scavenging receptor Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 has also been discussed whereby only its soluble form might participate in preventing the pathogen entry and replication, unlike its membrane-bound form. This review majorly gives an insight on the functional aspect of scavenger receptors in host defence and describes their mode of action extensively in various immune pathways involved with each receptor type. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar Taban
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology - Kashmir, Shuhama, 190006, India.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | | | - Khalid Z Masoodi
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Transcriptomics Laboratory, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, India
| | - Ehtishamul Haq
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology - Kashmir, Shuhama, 190006, India.
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13
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Mayorova TD, Hammar K, Jung JH, Aronova MA, Zhang G, Winters CA, Reese TS, Smith CL. Placozoan fiber cells: mediators of innate immunity and participants in wound healing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23343. [PMID: 34857844 PMCID: PMC8639732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Placozoa is a phylum of non-bilaterian marine animals. These small, flat organisms adhere to the substrate via their densely ciliated ventral epithelium, which mediates mucociliary locomotion and nutrient uptake. They have only six morphological cell types, including one, fiber cells, for which functional data is lacking. Fiber cells are non-epithelial cells with multiple processes. We used electron and light microscopic approaches to unravel the roles of fiber cells in Trichoplax adhaerens, a representative member of the phylum. Three-dimensional reconstructions of serial sections of Trichoplax showed that each fiber cell is in contact with several other cells. Examination of fiber cells in thin sections and observations of live dissociated fiber cells demonstrated that they phagocytose cell debris and bacteria. In situ hybridization confirmed that fiber cells express genes involved in phagocytic activity. Fiber cells also are involved in wound healing as evidenced from microsurgery experiments. Based on these observations we conclude that fiber cells are multi-purpose macrophage-like cells. Macrophage-like cells have been described in Porifera, Ctenophora, and Cnidaria and are widespread among Bilateria, but our study is the first to show that Placozoa possesses this cell type. The phylogenetic distribution of macrophage-like cells suggests that they appeared early in metazoan evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana D Mayorova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Katherine Hammar
- Central Microscopy Facility, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Jae H Jung
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Maria A Aronova
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christine A Winters
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Thomas S Reese
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Carolyn L Smith
- Light Imaging Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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14
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Vaswani KM, Peiris H, Qin Koh Y, Hill RJ, Harb T, Arachchige BJ, Logan J, Reed S, Davies PSW, Mitchell MD. A complete proteomic profile of human and bovine milk exosomes by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:719-735. [PMID: 34551655 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1980389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigates the proteomic content of milk-derived exosomes. A detailed description of the content of milk exosomes is essential to improve our understanding of the various components of milk and their role in nutrition. METHODS The exosomes used in this study were isolated as previously described and characterized by their morphology, particle concentration, and the presence of exosomal markers. Human and bovine milk exosomes were evaluated using Information-Dependent Acquisition (IDA) Mass Spectrometry. A direct comparison is made between their proteomic profiles. RESULTS IDA analyses revealed similarities and differences in protein content. About 229 and 239 proteins were identified in the human and bovine milk exosome proteome, respectively, of which 176 and 186 were unique to each species. Fifty-three proteins were common in both groups. These included proteins associated with specific biological processes and molecular functions. Most notably, the 4 abundant milk proteins lactadherin, butyrophilin, perilipin-2, and xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase were present in the top 20 list for both human and bovine milk exosomes. CONCLUSION The milk exosome protein profiles we have provided are crucial new information for the field of infant nutrition. They provide new insight into the components of milk from both humans and bovines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Manohar Vaswani
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hassendrini Peiris
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yong Qin Koh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,University of Queensland- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rebecca J Hill
- University of Queensland- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tracy Harb
- University of Queensland- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Buddhika J Arachchige
- University of Queensland- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jayden Logan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah Reed
- University of Queensland- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter S W Davies
- University of Queensland- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Murray D Mitchell
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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15
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The Roles of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) in Infectious Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179640. [PMID: 34502556 PMCID: PMC8431791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are among the most crucial mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and regulate various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation. Microbes heavily rely on cellular signaling pathways for their effective replication; hence, JNKs may play important roles in infectious diseases. In this review, we describe the basic signaling properties of MAPKs and JNKs in apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammasome activation. Furthermore, we discuss the roles of JNKs in various infectious diseases induced by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, as well as their potential to serve as targets for the development of therapeutic agents for infectious diseases. We expect this review to expand our understanding of the JNK signaling pathway’s role in infectious diseases and provide important clues for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.
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16
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Mitsiopoulou C, Sotirakoglou K, Skliros D, Flemetakis E, Tsiplakou E. The Impact of Whole Sesame Seeds on the Expression of Key-Genes Involved in the Innate Immunity of Dairy Goats. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:468. [PMID: 33578642 PMCID: PMC7916339 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole sesame seeds (WSS) are rich in both linoleic acid (LA) and lignans. However, their impact on the innate immunity of goats is not well studied. Twenty-four goats were divided into three homogeneous sub-groups; comprise one control (CON) and two treated (WWS5 and WWS10). In the treated groups, WSS were incorporated in the concentrates of the CON at 5 (WSS5) and 10% (WSS10) respectively, by partial substitution of both soybean meal and corn grain. The expression levels of MAPK1, IL6, TRIF, IFNG, TRAF3, and JUND genes in the neutrophils of WSS10 fed goats were reduced significantly compared with the CON. The same was found for the expression levels of IFNG and TRAF3 genes in the neutrophils of WSS5 fed goats. Both treated groups primarily affected the MYD88-independent pathway. The dietary supplementation of goats with WSS might be a good nutritional strategy to improve their innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mitsiopoulou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece;
| | - Kyriaki Sotirakoglou
- Laboratory of Mathematics and Statistics, Department of Natural Resources Management and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Skliros
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Eleni Tsiplakou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece;
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17
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Kiyan Y, Tkachuk S, Rong S, Gorrasi A, Ragno P, Dumler I, Haller H, Shushakova N. TLR4 Response to LPS Is Reinforced by Urokinase Receptor. Front Immunol 2020; 11:573550. [PMID: 33362762 PMCID: PMC7757075 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.573550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
GPI-anchored uPAR is the receptor for the extracellular serine protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). Though uPAR role in inflammatory processes is documented, underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study we demonstrate that uPAR is a part of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) interactome. Downregulation of uPAR expression resulted in diminished LPS-induced TLR4 signaling, less activation of NFκB, and decreased secretion of inflammatory mediators in myeloid and non-myeloid cells in vitro. In vivo uPAR−/− mice demonstrated better survival, strongly diminished inflammatory response and better organ functions in cecal ligation and puncture mouse polymicrobial sepsis model. Mechanistically, GPI-uPAR and soluble uPAR colocalized with TLR4 on the cell membrane and interacted with scavenger receptor CD36. Our data show that uPAR can interfere with innate immunity response via TLR4 and this mechanism represents a potentially important target in inflammation and sepsis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Kiyan
- Nephrology Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sergey Tkachuk
- Nephrology Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Pia Ragno
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Inna Dumler
- Nephrology Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Nephrology Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nelli Shushakova
- Nephrology Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Phenos GmbH, Hannover, Germany
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18
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Liver X receptor α participates in LPS-induced reduction of triglyceride synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. J DAIRY RES 2020; 87:456-462. [PMID: 33261669 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029920000990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) could induce milk fat depression via regulating the body and blood fat metabolism. However, it is not completely clear how LPS might regulate triglyceride synthesis in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells (DCMECs). DCMECs were isolated and purified from dairy cow mammary tissue and treated with LPS. The level of triglyceride synthesis, the expression and activity of the liver X receptor α (LXRα), enzymes related to de novo fatty acid synthesis, and the expression of the fatty acid transporters were investigated. We found that LPS decreased the level of triglyceride synthesis via a down-regulation of the transcription, translation, and nuclear translocation level of the LXRα. The results also indicated that the transcription level of the LXRα target genes, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), fatty acid synthetase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC1), were significantly down-regulated in DCMECs after LPS treatment. Our data may provide new insight into the mechanisms of milk fat depression caused by LPS.
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19
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Wenzel TJ, Kwong E, Bajwa E, Klegeris A. Resolution-Associated Molecular Patterns (RAMPs) as Endogenous Regulators of Glia Functions in Neuroinflammatory Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:483-494. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200702143719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glial cells, including microglia and astrocytes, facilitate the survival and health of all cells
within the Central Nervous System (CNS) by secreting a range of growth factors and contributing to
tissue and synaptic remodeling. Microglia and astrocytes can also secrete cytotoxins in response to
specific stimuli, such as exogenous Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs), or endogenous
Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs). Excessive cytotoxic secretions can induce the death
of neurons and contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease
(AD). The transition between various activation states of glia, which include beneficial and detrimental
modes, is regulated by endogenous molecules that include DAMPs, cytokines, neurotransmitters,
and bioactive lipids, as well as a diverse group of mediators sometimes collectively referred to as
Resolution-Associated Molecular Patterns (RAMPs). RAMPs are released by damaged or dying CNS
cells into the extracellular space where they can induce signals in autocrine and paracrine fashions by
interacting with glial cell receptors. While the complete range of their effects on glia has not been described
yet, it is believed that their overall function is to inhibit adverse CNS inflammatory responses,
facilitate tissue remodeling and cellular debris removal. This article summarizes the available evidence
implicating the following RAMPs in CNS physiological processes and neurodegenerative diseases:
cardiolipin (CL), prothymosin α (ProTα), binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), heat shock protein
(HSP) 10, HSP 27, and αB-crystallin. Studies on the molecular mechanisms engaged by RAMPs could
identify novel glial targets for development of therapeutic agents that effectively slow down neuroinflammatory
disorders including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Wenzel
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Evan Kwong
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ekta Bajwa
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
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20
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An Overview of Lipid Metabolism and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4020249. [PMID: 32733940 PMCID: PMC7383338 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with major abnormalities of hepatic lipid metabolism. We propose that lipid abnormalities directly or indirectly contribute to NAFLD, especially fatty acid accumulation, arachidonic acid metabolic disturbance, and ceramide overload. The effects of lipid intake and accumulation on NAFLD and NAFLD treatment are explained with theoretical and experimental details. Overall, these findings provide further understanding of lipid metabolism in NAFLD and may lead to novel therapies.
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21
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The impact of rumen-protected amino acids on the expression of key- genes involved in the innate immunity of dairy sheep. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233192. [PMID: 32407360 PMCID: PMC7224535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rumen protected amino acids inclusion in ewes’ diets has been proposed to enhance their innate immunity. The objective of this work was to determine the impact of dietary supplementation with rumen-protected methionine or lysine, as well as with a combination of these amino acids in two different ratios, on the expression of selected key-genes (NLRs, MyD88, TRIF, MAPK-1, IRF-3, JunD, TRAF-3, IRF-5, IL-1α, IL-10, IKK-α, STAT-3 and HO-1). Thus, sixty Chios dairy ewes (Ovis aries) were assigned to one of the following five dietary treatments (12 animals/ treatment): A: basal diet consist of concentrates, wheat straw and alfalfa hay (control group); B: basal diet +6.0 g/head rumen-protected methionine; C: basal diet + 5.0 g/head rumen-protected lysine; D: basal diet +6.0 g/head rumen-protected methionine + 5.0 g/head rumen-protected lysine and E: basal diet +12.0 g/head rumen-protected methionine + 5.0 g/head rumen-protected lysine. The results revealed a significant downregulation of relative transcript level of the IL-1α gene in the neutrophils of C and in monocytes of D ewes compared with the control. Significantly lower mRNA transcript accumulation was also observed for the MyD88 gene in the neutrophils of ewes fed with lysine only (C). The mRNA relative expression levels of JunD gene were highly induced in the monocytes, while those of IL-10 and HO-1 genes were declined in the neutrophils of ewes fed with the C and D diets compared with the control. Lower transcript levels of STAT-3 gene were observed in the neutrophils of ewes fed with either C or with E diets in comparison with the control. In conclusion, our results suggest that the dietary supplementation of ewes with rumen-protected amino acids, down regulate the expression of some genes involved in the pro-inflammatory signalling.
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22
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Mellal K, Omri S, Mulumba M, Tahiri H, Fortin C, Dorion MF, Pham H, Garcia Ramos Y, Zhang J, Pundir S, Joyal JS, Bouchard JF, Sennlaub F, Febbraio M, Hardy P, Gravel SP, Marleau S, Lubell WD, Chemtob S, Ong H. Immunometabolic modulation of retinal inflammation by CD36 ligand. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12903. [PMID: 31501473 PMCID: PMC6733801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In subretinal inflammation, activated mononuclear phagocytes (MP) play a key role in the progression of retinopathies. Little is known about the mechanism involved in the loss of photoreceptors leading to vision impairment. Studying retinal damage induced by photo-oxidative stress, we observed that cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36)-deficient mice featured less subretinal MP accumulation and attenuated photoreceptor degeneration. Moreover, treatment with a CD36-selective azapeptide ligand (MPE-001) reduced subretinal activated MP accumulation in wild type mice and preserved photoreceptor layers and function as assessed by electroretinography in a CD36-dependent manner. The azapeptide modulated the transcriptome of subretinal activated MP by reducing pro-inflammatory markers. In isolated MP, MPE-001 induced dissociation of the CD36-Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) oligomeric complex, decreasing nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. In addition, MPE-001 caused an aerobic metabolic shift in activated MP, involving peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) activation, which in turn mitigated inflammation. Accordingly, PPAR-γ inhibition blocked the cytoprotective effect of MPE-001 on photoreceptor apoptosis elicited by activated MP. By altering activated MP metabolism, MPE-001 decreased immune responses to alleviate subsequent inflammation-dependent neuronal injury characteristic of various vision-threatening retinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Mellal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Samy Omri
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada.,Mperia Therapeutics, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Houda Tahiri
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Carl Fortin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Hung Pham
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Jinqiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sheetal Pundir
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Joyal
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-François Bouchard
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Florian Sennlaub
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Maria Febbraio
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Pierre Hardy
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Sylvie Marleau
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - William D Lubell
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada. .,Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Huy Ong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
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23
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Stenberg OK, Holen E, Piemontese L, Liland NS, Lock EJ, Espe M, Belghit I. Effect of dietary replacement of fish meal with insect meal on in vitro bacterial and viral induced gene response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) head kidney leukocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:223-232. [PMID: 31121289 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With the fast growth of today's aquaculture industry, the demand for aquafeeds is expanding dramatically. Insects, which are part of the natural diet of salmonids, could represent a sustainable ingredient for aquaculture feed. The aim of the current study was to test how a partial or total replacement of dietary fishmeal with insect meal affect gene responses involved in inflammation, the eicosanoid pathway and stress response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in isolated head kidney leukocytes after exposure to bacterial or viral mimic. Insect meal (IM) was produced from black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) larvae. Seawater Atlantic salmon were fed three different diets for 8 weeks; a control diet (IM0, protein from fishmeal and plant based ingredients (25:75) and lipid from fish oil and vegetable oil (33:66); and two insect-meal containing diets, IM66 and IM100, where 66 and 100% of the fishmeal protein was replaced with IM, respectively. Leukocytes were isolated from the head kidney of fish (n = 6) from each of the three dietary groups. Isolated leukocytes were seeded into culture wells and added either a bacterial mimic (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) or a viral mimic (polyinosinic acid: polycytidylic acid, poly I: C) to induce an inflammatory response. Controls (Ctl) without LPS and poly I: C were included. The transcription of interleukins IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α were elevated in LPS treated leukocytes isolated from salmon fed the three dietary groups (IM0, IM66 and IM100). The inflammatory-related gene expression in head kidney cells were, however, not affected by the pre-fed substitution of fish meal with IM in the diet of salmon. Gene transcriptions of PTGDS and PTGES were neither affected by LPS, poly I: C or the experimental diets fed prior to cell isolation, while salmon fed with IM showed a lower expression of LOX5. The gene expression of TLR22 and C/EBP-β were down-regulated by the LPS treatment in the cells isolated from salmon fed insect-based diets (IM66 and IM100) compared to fish fed the IM0. Similarly, the leukocytes challenged with LPS and isolated from fish fed with IM66 and IM100 down-regulated the expression of Mn-SOD, GPx1, HSP27 and HSP70 compared to salmon fed IM0. In general, these results suggested that replacement of fishmeal with IM in the diets of Atlantic salmon had no effect on the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes in the head kidney cells. There was, however, an effect of dietary IM on the transcription of antioxidant and stress related genes in the leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabeth Holen
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Luisa Piemontese
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway; Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Via delle Cascine 5, 50144, Firenze, Italy
| | - Nina S Liland
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erik-Jan Lock
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marit Espe
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ikram Belghit
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway.
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24
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Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are found in tissues that are in close contact with external environment, such as skin, lungs, or intestinal mucosa but also in the placenta during pregnancy. If their role in mediating allergic conditions is established, several studies now highlight their importance during infection with extracellular pathogens. This study showed a new and effective antimicrobial mechanism of MCs against Coxiella burnetii, an intracellular bacterium whose infection during pregnancy is associated with abortion, preterm labor, and stillbirth. The data reveal that in response to C. burnetii, MCs release extracellular actin filaments that contain antimicrobial agents and are capable to trap and kill bacteria. We show that this mechanism is dependent on the cooperation of two membrane receptors, CD36 and Toll-like receptor 4, and may occur in the placenta during pregnancy by using ex vivo placental MCs. Overall, this study reports an unexpected role for MCs during infection with intracellular bacteria and suggests that MC response to C. burnetii infection is a protective defense mechanism during pregnancy. Mast cells (MCs) are critical mediators of inflammation; however, their microbicidal activity against invading pathogens remains largely unknown. Here, we describe a nonpreviously reported antibacterial mechanism used by MCs against Coxiella burnetii, the agent of Q fever. We show that C. burnetii interaction with MCs does not result in bacterial uptake but rather induces the formation of extracellular actin filaments named cytonemes. MC cytonemes express cathelicidin and neutrophil elastase and mediate the capture and destruction of entrapped bacteria. We provide evidence that MC cytoneme formation and microbicidal activity are dependent on the cooperation of the scavenger receptor CD36 and Toll-like receptor 4. Taken together, our results suggest that MCs use an extracellular sophisticated mechanism of defense to eliminate intracellular pathogens, such as C. burnetii, before their entry into host cells.
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25
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Prasad GVRK, Dhar V, Mukhopadhaya A. Vibrio cholerae OmpU Mediates CD36-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Generation Triggering an Additional Pathway of MAPK Activation in Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2431-2450. [PMID: 30867241 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OmpU, one of the porins of Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio cholerae, induces TLR1/2-MyD88-NF-κB-dependent proinflammatory cytokine production by monocytes and macrophages of human and mouse origin. In this study, we report that in both the cell types, OmpU-induced proinflammatory responses involve activation of MAPKs (p38 and JNK). Interestingly, we observed that in OmpU-treated macrophages, p38 activation is TLR2 dependent, but JNK activation happens through a separate pathway involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by NADPH oxidase complex and mitochondrial ROS. Further, we observed that OmpU-mediated mitochondrial ROS generation probably depends on OmpU translocation to mitochondria and NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS production is due to activation of scavenger receptor CD36. For the first time, to our knowledge, we are reporting that a Gram-negative bacterial protein can activate CD36 as a pattern recognition receptor. Additionally, we found that in OmpU-treated monocytes, both JNK and p38 activation is linked to the TLR2 activation only. Therefore, the ability of macrophages to employ multiple receptors such as TLR2 and CD36 to recognize a single ligand, as in this case OmpU, probably explains the very basic nature of macrophages being more proinflammatory than monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V R Krishna Prasad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Vinica Dhar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Arunika Mukhopadhaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
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Kinoshita D, Sakurai C, Morita M, Tsunematsu M, Hori N, Hatsuzawa K. Syntaxin 11 regulates the stimulus-dependent transport of Toll-like receptor 4 to the plasma membrane by cooperating with SNAP-23 in macrophages. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1085-1097. [PMID: 30811271 PMCID: PMC6724512 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-10-0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Syntaxin 11 (stx11) is a soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) that is selectively expressed in immune cells; however, its precise role in macrophages is unclear. We showed that stx11 knockdown reduces the phagocytosis of Escherichia coli in interferon-γ–activated macrophages. stx11 knockdown decreased Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) localization on the plasma membrane without affecting total expression. Plasma membrane–localized TLR4 was primarily endocytosed within 1 h by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and gradually relocalized 4 h after removal of LPS. This relocalization was significantly impaired by stx11 knockdown. The lack of TLR4 transport to the plasma membrane is presumably related to TLR4 degradation in acidic endosomal organelles. Additionally, an immunoprecipitation experiment suggested that stx11 interacts with SNAP-23, a plasma membrane–localized SNARE protein, whose depletion also inhibits TLR4 replenishment in LPS-stimulated cells. Using an intramolecular Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) probe for SNAP-23, we showed that the high FRET efficiency caused by LPS stimulation is reduced by stx11 knockdown. These findings suggest that stx11 regulates the stimulus-dependent transport of TLR4 to the plasma membrane by cooperating with SNAP-23 in macrophages. Our results clarify the regulatory mechanisms underlying intracellular transport of TLR4 and have implications for microbial pathogenesis and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kinoshita
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Chiye Sakurai
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Maya Morita
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Masashi Tsunematsu
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Naohiro Hori
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Hatsuzawa
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
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Flores JJ, Klebe D, Tang J, Zhang JH. A comprehensive review of therapeutic targets that induce microglia/macrophage-mediated hematoma resolution after germinal matrix hemorrhage. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:121-128. [PMID: 30667078 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is no effective treatment for germinal matrix hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH), a common and often fatal stroke subtype in premature infants. Secondary brain injury after GMH-IVH is known to involve blood clots that contribute to inflammation and neurological deficits. Furthermore, the subsequent blood clots disrupt normal cerebrospinal fluid circulation and absorption after GMH-IVH, contributing to posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH). Clinically, GMH-IVH severity is graded on a I to IV scale: Grade I is confined to the germinal matrix, grade II includes intraventricular hemorrhage, grade III includes intraventricular hemorrhage with extension into dilated ventricles, and grade IV includes intraventricular hemorrhage with extension into dilated ventricles as well as parenchymal hemorrhaging. GMH-IVH hematoma volume is the best prognostic indicator, where patients with higher grades have worsened outcomes. Various preclinical studies have shown that rapid hematoma resolution quickly ameliorates inflammation and improves neurological outcomes. Current experimental evidence identifies alternatively activated microglia as playing a pivotal role in hematoma clearance. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of GMH-IVH in the development of PHH, microglia/macrophage's role in the neonatal CNS, and established/potential therapeutic targets that enhance M2 microglia/macrophage phagocytosis of blood clots after GMH-IVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry J Flores
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Damon Klebe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA
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Tang H, Nie W, Xiao J, Zha Z, Chen Q, Yin H. Structural characterization and anti-inflammatory effect in hepatocytes of a galactoglucan from Antrodia camphorata mycelium. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7664-7672. [PMID: 35521177 PMCID: PMC9061278 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10347j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The galactoglucan ACP2 was isolated from cultured Antrodia camphorata mycelium through anion-exchange column chromatography and Sephadex G-100 chromatography and shown to exhibit hepatoprotective function in L02 cells. Based on monosaccharide composition analysis, ACP2 was mainly composed of glucose, galactose, and 6-deoxyglucose in a molar ratio of 5 : 2 : 1. The average molecular weight of ACP2 was 1.93 × 104 Da. The primary structure of ACP2 was elucidated with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results indicated the following composition: →6)-linked-β-d-Galp-(1→, →6)-linked-α-d-Glcp-(1→, →3)-linked-α-d-Glcp-(1→, and →2,4)-linked-β-d-Glcp-(1→, with terminal 6-deoxy-α-d-Glcp and α-d-Glcp. ACP2 alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatocyte inflammation by down-regulating the expressions of COX-2, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6. The decreased expressions of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, and phosphorylated p38 in ACP2-treated L02 cells indicated that ACP2 might ameliorate inflammation through the TLR4 and p38/NF-κB signaling pathways. A previously undescribed polysaccharide ACP2 was isolated from Antrodia camphorata mycelium. ACP2 ameliorated hepatocyte inflammation through TLR4 and p38/NF-κB signal pathway.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Tang
- School of Life Science and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbing Nie
- School of Life Science and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jinna Xiao
- School of Life Science and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengqi Zha
- School of Life Science and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuli Chen
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing 210029
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hongping Yin
- School of Life Science and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
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29
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Wang S, Cao Y, Deng S, Jiang X, Wang J, Zhang X, Zhang J, Liu G, Lian Z. Overexpression of Toll-like Receptor 4-linked Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling Contributes to Internalization of Escherichia coli in Sheep. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1022-1032. [PMID: 29989103 PMCID: PMC6036738 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.25275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the most common causal pathogens of mastitis in milk-producing mammals. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is important for host recognition of this bacteria. Increased activation of TLR4 can markedly enhance the internalization of E. coli. In this study, the relationship between TLR4 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in mediating E. coli internalization was evaluated in sheep monocytes. Using a TLR4-overexpressing transgenic (Tg) sheep model, we explored the bacterial internalization mechanism in sheep. We found that monocytes of Tg sheep could phagocytize more bacteria and exhibited higher adhesive capacity. The specific inhibition of p38 MAPK or c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) or extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) reduced TLR4-dependent internalization of bacteria into sheep monocytes. Furthermore, the inhibition of MAPK signaling down-regulated the adhesive capacity of monocytes and the expression of scavenger receptors and adhesion molecules. Taken together, the overexpression of TLR4 in transgenic sheep enhanced the internalization of E. coli via MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shoulong Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jinlong Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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30
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Niu B, He K, Li P, Gong J, Zhu X, Ye S, Ou Z, Ren G. SIRT1 upregulation protects against liver injury induced by a HFD through inhibiting CD36 and the NF‑κB pathway in mouse kupffer cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1609-1615. [PMID: 29845302 PMCID: PMC6072223 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase, and a critical regulator in various metabolic processes, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present study aimed to investigate whether activating SIRT1 could modulate the CD36 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathways to protect against liver injury induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. A mouse NAFLD model was established by administration of a HFD for 8 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, SRT1720, a specific SIRT1 activator, was added daily to the HFD feed. The hepatic morphological structure was observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the ultrastructures in the liver tissue were observed using transmission electron microscopy. Protein expression of SIRT1, CD36 and P65 in liver tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. Kupffer cells (KCs) from the livers of the mouse models were isolated to determine the mRNA and protein expression of SIRT1, CD36 and P65. SIRT1 activation attenuated the HFD-induced liver injury and significantly reduced the body weight and the levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. We observed an increased expression of SIRT1 in the liver tissues from the HFD+SRT1720 group compared with the HFD group. Simultaneously, the expression of CD36 and P65 in the liver tissues was downregulated in the HFD+SRT1720 group. The mRNA and protein expression of SIRT1 was elevated in the HFD+SRT1720 group, whereas the mRNA and protein expression of CD36 and P65 in KCs was significantly decreased in the HFD+SRT1720 group. The present study demonstrated that SIRT1 activation attenuated HFD-induced liver steatosis and inflammation by inhibiting CD36 expression and the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailin Niu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Kun He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Peizhi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Xiwen Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Shangmin Ye
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhibing Ou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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31
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PRR Function of Innate Immune Receptors in Recognition of Bacteria or Bacterial Ligands. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1112:255-280. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3065-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Wang G, Wang L, Sun XG, Tang J. Haematoma scavenging in intracerebral haemorrhage: from mechanisms to the clinic. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:768-777. [PMID: 29278306 PMCID: PMC5783832 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The products of erythrocyte lyses, haemoglobin (Hb) and haem, are recognized as neurotoxins and the main contributors to delayed cerebral oedema and tissue damage after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Finding a means to efficiently promote absorption of the haemolytic products (Hb and haem) around the bleeding area in the brain through stimulating the function of the body's own garbage cleaning system is a novel clinical challenge and critical for functional recovery after ICH. In this review, available information of the brain injury mechanisms underlying ICH and endogenous haematoma scavenging system is provided. Meanwhile, potential intervention strategies are discussed. Intracerebral blood itself has ‘toxic’ effects beyond its volume effect after ICH. Haptoglobin–Hb–CD163 as well as haemopexin–haem–LRP1 is believed to be the most important endogenous scavenging pathway which participates in blood components resolution following ICH. PPARγ–Nrf2 activates the aforementioned clearance pathway and then accelerates haematoma clearance. Meanwhile, the scavenger receptors as novel targets for therapeutic interventions to treat ICH are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaiqing Wang
- The second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tai Yuan, China
| | - Li Wang
- The second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tai Yuan, China
| | - Xin-Gang Sun
- The second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tai Yuan, China
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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33
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Dhungana H, Huuskonen MT, Jaronen M, Lemarchant S, Ali H, Keksa-Goldsteine V, Goldsteins G, Kanninen KM, Koistinaho J, Malm T. Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium is neuroprotective and alleviates stroke-induced neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:237. [PMID: 29202856 PMCID: PMC5716243 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-1010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide. It is caused by the cessation of cerebral blood flow resulting in the insufficient delivery of glucose and oxygen to the neural tissue. The inflammatory response initiated by ischemic stroke in order to restore tissue homeostasis in the acute phase of stroke contributes to delayed brain damage. METHODS By using in vitro models of neuroinflammation and in vivo model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, we demonstrate the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium (SSO). RESULTS SSO significantly reduced the lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ-induced production of nitric oxide, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and the protein levels of inflammatory enzymes including nitric oxide synthase 2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in microglia, without causing cell toxicity. Although SSO failed to directly alleviate glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in murine cortical neurons, it prevented inflammation-induced neuronal death in microglia-neuron co-cultures. Importantly, oral administration of SSO in Balb/c mice subjected to permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery reduced microglial activation in the peri-ischemic area and attenuated brain damage. This in vivo neuroprotective effect of SSO was associated with a reduction in the COX-2 and heme oxygenase-1 immunoreactivities. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SSO is an anti-inflammatory and a possible therapeutic candidate in diseases such as stroke where inflammation is a central hallmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiramani Dhungana
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. box 1727, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko T Huuskonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. box 1727, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Merja Jaronen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. box 1727, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sighild Lemarchant
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. box 1727, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Humair Ali
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. box 1727, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Velta Keksa-Goldsteine
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. box 1727, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gundars Goldsteins
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. box 1727, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. box 1727, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. box 1727, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. box 1727, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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34
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Morita M, Sawaki K, Kinoshita D, Sakurai C, Hori N, Hatsuzawa K. Quantitative analysis of phagosome formation and maturation using an Escherichia coli probe expressing a tandem fluorescent protein. J Biochem 2017; 162:309-316. [PMID: 28575453 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvx034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagosome formation and maturation are essential innate immune mechanisms to engulf and digest foreign particles. To analyze these processes quantitatively, we established a specific Escherichia coli probe expressing a tandem fluorescent protein, comprising glutathione S-transferase fused with monomeric Cherry (mCherry) and monomeric Venus (mVenus). We demonstrated that mVenus was more susceptible to bleaching in an acidic environment than mCherry, and that the mVenus:mCherry fluorescence intensity ratio can be used to monitor phagosomal pH changes during maturation. Using this probe, we revealed that synaptosomal-associated protein of 23 kDa, a plasma membrane soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor protein, actively regulated phagocytosis of E. coli and subsequent phagosome maturation in macrophages. Our results indicated that this probe has the potential to be a powerful tool in understanding the molecular mechanisms of phagosome formation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Morita
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Sawaki
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Daiki Kinoshita
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Chiye Sakurai
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Naohiro Hori
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Hatsuzawa
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
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35
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Camandola S, Mattson MP. Toll-like receptor 4 mediates fat, sugar, and umami taste preference and food intake and body weight regulation. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:1237-1245. [PMID: 28500692 PMCID: PMC5487280 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immune and inflammatory pathways play important roles in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. This study investigated the role of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in orosensory detection of dietary lipids and sugars. METHODS Taste preferences of TLR4 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) male mice under a standard and a high-fat, high-sugar diet were assessed with two-bottle tests. Gene expression of taste signaling molecules was analyzed in the tongue epithelium. The role of TLR4 in food intake and weight gain was investigated in TLR4 KO and WT mice fed a high-fat and high-sugar diet for 12 weeks. RESULTS Compared to WT mice, TLR4 KO mice showed reduced preference for lipids, sugars, and umami in a two-bottle preference test. The altered taste perception was associated with decreased levels of key taste regulatory molecules in the tongue epithelium. TLR4 KO mice on a high-fat and high-sugar diet consumed less food and drink, resulting in diminished weight gain. CONCLUSIONS TLR4 signaling promotes ingestion of sugar and fat by a mechanism involving increased preference for such obesogenic foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Camandola
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark P. Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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36
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Bulgari O, Dong X, Roca AL, Caroli AM, Loor JJ. Innate immune responses induced by lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid in primary goat mammary epithelial cells. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017; 8:29. [PMID: 28396748 PMCID: PMC5379715 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Innate immune responses induced by in vitro stimulation of primary mammary epithelial cells (MEC) using Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Gram-positive lipoteichoic acid (LTA) bacterial cell wall components are well- characterized in bovine species. The objective of the current study was to characterize the downstream regulation of the inflammatory response induced by Toll-like receptors in primary goat MEC (pgMEC). We performed quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) to measure mRNA levels of 9 genes involved in transcriptional regulation or antibacterial activity: Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 (IFIT3), interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88), nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (NFKB1), Toll interacting protein (TOLLIP), and lactoferrin (LTF). Furthermore, we analyzed 7 cytokines involved in Toll-like receptor signaling pathways: C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 6 (CXCL6), interleukin 8 (CXCL8), interleukin 1 beta (IL1B), interleukin 6 (IL6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF). Results Stimulation of pgMEC with LPS for 3 h led to an increase in expression of CCL2, CXCL6, IL6, CXCL8, PTGS2, IFIT3, MYD88, NFKB1, and TLR4 (P < 0.05). Except for IL6, and PTGS2, the same genes had greater expression than controls at 6 h post-LPS (P < 0.05). Expression of CCL5, PTGS2, IFIT3, NFKB1, TLR4, and TOLLIP was greater than controls after 3 h of incubation with LTA (P < 0.05). Compared to controls, stimulation with LTA for 6 h led to greater expression of PTGS2, IFIT3, NFKB1, and TOLLIP (P < 0.05) whereas the expression of CXCL6, CXCL8, and TLR4 was lower (P < 0.05). At 3 h incubation with both toxins compared to controls a greater expression (P < 0.05) of CCL2, CCL5, CXCL6, CXCL8, IL6, PTGS2, IFIT3, IRF3, MYD88, and NFKB1 was detected. After 6 h of incubation with both toxins, the expression of CCL2, CXCL6, IFIT3, MYD88, NFKB1, and TLR4 was higher than the controls (P < 0.05). Conclusions Data indicate that in the goat MEC, LTA induces a weaker inflammatory response than LPS. This may be related to the observation that gram-positive bacteria cause chronic mastitis more often than gram-negative infections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40104-017-0162-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Bulgari
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25123 Italy
| | - Xianwen Dong
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.,Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Alfred L Roca
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Anna M Caroli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25123 Italy
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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Cao D, Luo J, Zang W, Chen D, Xu H, Shi H, Jing X. Gamma-Linolenic Acid Suppresses NF-κΒ Signaling via CD36 in the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response in Primary Goat Mammary Gland Epithelial Cells. Inflammation 2017; 39:1225-37. [PMID: 27121266 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0358-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and linoleic acid (LA), which are both n-6 unsaturated fatty acids, play vital roles in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. The multi-functional protein scavenger receptor CD36 has also been shown to participate in inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between CD36 and GLA or LA in LPS-induced inflammation remain unclear. We used small interfering RNA and adenoviral systems to manipulate CD36 expression in primary goat mammary gland epithelial cells (pGMECs), and the results showed that nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) levels were significantly decreased by CD36 receptor signaling following treatment with GLA but not LA. GLA inhibited NF-κB activation in LPS-induced pGMECs. However, silencing CD36 or deleting its fatty acid-binding domain blocked the anti-inflammatory effects of GLA, resulting in an increase in NF-κB activation and disrupting its localization during LPS-induced inflammation. The activity of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, which act downstream of NF-κB, was also modulated when CD34 expression was manipulated by the addition of GLA in LPS-induced pGMECs. Our data suggest that GLA, but not LA, may interact with the CD36 fatty acid-binding domain to regulate the activation and localization of NF-κB in LPS-induced pGMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoyao Cao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - WenJuan Zang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dekun Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huifen Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huaiping Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqi Jing
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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38
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Tim-3 inhibits macrophage control of Listeria monocytogenes by inhibiting Nrf2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42095. [PMID: 28205579 PMCID: PMC5311873 DOI: 10.1038/srep42095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) is an immune checkpoint inhibitor and its dysregulation has been related to T cell tolerance and many immune disorders, such as tumors and infection tolerance. However, the physiopathology roles of Tim-3 in innate immunity remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that Tim-3 inhibits macrophage phagocytosis of L. monocytogenes by inhibiting the nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway and increases bacterial burden. Tim-3 signaling promotes Nrf2 degradation by increasing its ubiquitination and, as a result, decreasing its nuclear translocation. CD36 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), two downstream molecules in the Tim-3-Nrf2 signaling axis, are involved in the Tim-3- mediated immune evasion of L. monocytogenes both in vitro and in vivo. We here identified new mechanisms by which Tim-3 induces infection tolerance. By modulating the Tim-3 pathway, we demonstrate the feasibility of manipulating macrophage function as a potent tool for treating infectious diseases, such as Listeria infection.
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Mattos RT, Medeiros NI, Menezes CA, Fares RCG, Franco EP, Dutra WO, Rios-Santos F, Correa-Oliveira R, Gomes JAS. Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation in Childhood Obesity Is Associated with Decreased IL-10 Expression by Monocyte Subsets. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168610. [PMID: 27977792 PMCID: PMC5158089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is related to the development of comorbidities and poor prognosis in obesity. Monocytes are main sources of cytokines and play a pivotal role in inflammation. We evaluated monocyte frequency, phenotype and cytokine profile of monocyte subsets, to determine their association with the pathogenesis of childhood obesity. Children with obesity were evaluated for biochemical and anthropometric parameters. Monocyte subsets were characterized by flow cytometry, considering cytokine production and activation/recognition molecules. Correlation analysis between clinical parameters and immunological data delineated the monocytes contribution for low-grade inflammation. We observed a higher frequency of non-classical monocytes in the childhood obesity group (CO) than normal-weight group (NW). All subsets displayed higher TLR4 expression in CO, but their recognition and antigen presentation functions seem to be diminished due to lower expression of CD40, CD80/86 and HLA-DR. All subsets showed a lower expression of IL-10 in CO and correlation analyses showed changes in IL-10 expression profile. The lower expression of IL-10 may be decisive for the maintenance of the low-grade inflammation status in CO, especially for alterations in non-classical monocytes profile. These cells may contribute to supporting inflammation and loss of regulation in the immune response of children with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael T. Mattos
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Nayara I. Medeiros
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Carlos A. Menezes
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
- Serviço de Medicina Preventiva da Unimed, Aracaju, SE, Brasil
| | - Rafaelle C. G. Fares
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Eliza P. Franco
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Walderez O. Dutra
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Topicais—INCT-DT
| | - Fabrício Rios-Santos
- Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grasso, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Topicais—INCT-DT
| | - Juliana A. S. Gomes
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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