1
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Lussier DJ, Ito E, McClain KR, Smith PW, Kwon H, Rutkauskaite R, Harvey BG, Shuh DK, Long JR. Metal-Halide Covalency, Exchange Coupling, and Slow Magnetic Relaxation in Triangular (Cp iPr5) 3U 3X 6 (X = Cl, Br, I) Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21280-21295. [PMID: 39044394 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The actinide elements are attractive alternatives to transition metals or lanthanides for the design of exchange-coupled multinuclear single-molecule magnets. However, the synthesis of such compounds is challenging, as is unraveling any contributions from exchange coupling to the overall magnetism. To date, only a few actinide compounds have been shown to exhibit exchange coupling and single-molecule magnetism. Here, we report triangular uranium(III) clusters of the type (CpiPr5)3U3X (1-X; X = Cl, Br, I; CpiPr5 = pentaisopropylcyclopentadienyl), which are synthesized via reaction of the aryloxide-bridged precursor (CpiPr5)2U2(OPhtBu)4 with excess Me3SiX. Spectroscopic analysis suggests the presence of covalency in the uranium-halide interactions arising from 5f orbital participation in bonding. The dc magnetic susceptibility data reveal the presence of antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between the uranium(III) centers in these compounds, with the strength of the exchange decreasing down the halide series. Ac magnetic susceptibility data further reveal all compounds to exhibit slow magnetic relaxation under zero dc field. In 1-I, which exhibits particularly weak exchange, magnetic relaxation occurs via a Raman mechanism associated with the individual uranium(III) centers. In contrast, for 1-Br and 1-Cl, magnetic relaxation occurs via an Orbach mechanism, likely involving relaxation between ground and excited exchange-coupled states. Significantly, in the case of 1-Cl, magnetic relaxation is sufficiently slow such that open magnetic hysteresis is observed up to 2.75 K, and the compound exhibits a 100-s blocking temperature of 2.4 K. This compound provides the first example of magnetic blocking in a compound containing only actinide-based ions, as well as the first example involving the uranium(III) oxidation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Lussier
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Emi Ito
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - K Randall McClain
- U.S. Navy, Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division, Research Department, Chemistry Division, China Lake, California 93555, United States
| | - Patrick W Smith
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hyunchul Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ryte Rutkauskaite
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Benjamin G Harvey
- U.S. Navy, Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division, Research Department, Chemistry Division, China Lake, California 93555, United States
| | - David K Shuh
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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2
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Reale S, Hwang J, Oh J, Brune H, Heinrich AJ, Donati F, Bae Y. Electrically driven spin resonance of 4f electrons in a single atom on a surface. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5289. [PMID: 38902242 PMCID: PMC11190280 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A pivotal challenge in quantum technologies lies in reconciling long coherence times with efficient manipulation of the quantum states of a system. Lanthanide atoms, with their well-localized 4f electrons, emerge as a promising solution to this dilemma if provided with a rational design for manipulation and detection. Here we construct tailored spin structures to perform electron spin resonance on a single lanthanide atom using a scanning tunneling microscope. A magnetically coupled structure made of an erbium and a titanium atom enables us to both drive the erbium's 4f electron spins and indirectly probe them through the titanium's 3d electrons. The erbium spin states exhibit an extended spin relaxation time and a higher driving efficiency compared to 3d atoms with spin ½ in similarly coupled structures. Our work provides a new approach to accessing highly protected spin states, enabling their coherent control in an all-electric fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Reale
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Jiyoon Hwang
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Oh
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Harald Brune
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas J Heinrich
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Fabio Donati
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yujeong Bae
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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3
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Vieru V, Gómez-Coca S, Ruiz E, Chibotaru LF. Increasing the Magnetic Blocking Temperature of Single-Molecule Magnets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202303146. [PMID: 37539652 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of single-molecule magnets (SMMs), magnetic complexes capable of retaining magnetization blocking for a long time at elevated temperatures, has been a major concern for magnetochemists over the last three decades. In this review, we describe basic SMMs and the different approaches that allow high magnetization-blocking temperatures to be reached. We focus on the basic factors affecting magnetization blocking, magnetic axiality and the height of the blocking barrier, which can be used to group different families of complexes in terms of their SMM efficiency. Finally, we discuss several practical routes for the design of mono- and polynuclear complexes that could be applied in memory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veacheslav Vieru
- Maastricht Science Programme, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6229 EN, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Gómez-Coca
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eliseo Ruiz
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Liviu F Chibotaru
- Theory of Nanomaterials Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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4
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Li HD, Wu SG, Tong ML. Lanthanide-radical single-molecule magnets: current status and future challenges. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6159-6170. [PMID: 37129902 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc07042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the field of molecular magnetism, the lanthanide-radical (Ln-Rad) method has become one of the most appealing tactics for introducing strong magnetic interactions and has spurred on the booming development of heterospin single-molecule magnets (SMMs). The article is a timely retrospect on the research progress of Ln-Rad heterospin systems and special attention is invested on low dimensional Ln-Rad compounds with SMM behavior, primarily concerning with nitrogen-based radicals, semiquinone and nitroxide radicals. Rational design, molecular structures, magnetic behaviors and magneto-structural correlations are highlighted. Meanwhile, particular attention is focused on the influence of exchange couplings on the dynamic magnetic properties, with the purpose of helping to guide the design of prospective radical-based Ln-SMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Dao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030008, China
| | - Si-Guo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Ming-Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
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5
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Swain A, Sharma T, Rajaraman G. Strategies to quench quantum tunneling of magnetization in lanthanide single molecule magnets. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3206-3228. [PMID: 36789911 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06041h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing blocking temperature (TB) is one of the holy grails in Single Molecule Magnets(SMMs), as any future potential application in this class of molecules is directly correlated to this parameter. Among many factors contributing to a reduction of TB value, Quantum Tunnelling of Magnetisation (QTM), a phenomenon that is a curse or a blessing based on the application sought after, tops the list. Theoretical tools based on density functional and ab initio CASSCF/RASSI-SO methods have played a prominent role in estimating various spin Hamiltonian parameters and establishing the mechanism of magnetization relaxation in this class of molecules. Particularly, various strategies to quench QTM effects go hand-in-hand with experiments, and different methods proposed to quell QTM effects are scattered in the literature. In this perspective, we have explored various approaches that are proposed in the literature to quench QTM effects, and these include the role of (i) local symmetry of lanthanides, (ii) super-exchange interaction in {3d-4f} complexes, (iii) direct-exchange interaction in {radical-4f} and metal-metal bonded complexes to suppress the QTM, (iv) utilizing external stimuli such as an electric field or pressure to modulate the QTM and (v) avoiding QTM effects by stabilising toroidal states in 4f and {3d-4f} clusters. We believe the strategies summarized here will help to design new-generation SMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Swain
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai - 400076, India.
| | - Tanu Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai - 400076, India.
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6
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Oyeka EE, Winiarski MJ, Świątek H, Balliew W, McMillen CD, Liang M, Sorolla M, Tran TT. Ln 2 (SeO 3 ) 2 (SO 4 )(H 2 O) 2 (Ln=Sm, Dy, Yb): A Mixed-Ligand Pathway to New Lanthanide(III) Multifunctional Materials Featuring Nonlinear Optical and Magnetic Anisotropy Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213499. [PMID: 36194725 PMCID: PMC9828156 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bottom-up assembly of optically nonlinear and magnetically anisotropic lanthanide materials involving precisely placed spin carriers and optimized metal-ligand coordination offers a potential route to developing electronic architectures for coherent radiation generation and spin-based technologies, but the chemical design historically has been extremely hard to achieve. To address this, we developed a worthwhile avenue for creating new noncentrosymmetric chiral Ln3+ materials Ln2 (SeO3 )2 (SO4 )(H2 O)2 (Ln=Sm, Dy, Yb) by mixed-ligand design. The materials exhibit phase-matching nonlinear optical responses, elucidating the feasibility of the heteroanionic strategy. Ln2 (SeO3 )2 (SO4 )(H2 O)2 displays paramagnetic property with strong magnetic anisotropy facilitated by large spin-orbit coupling. This study demonstrates a new chemical pathway for creating previously unknown polar chiral magnets with multiple functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebube E. Oyeka
- Department of ChemistryClemson UniversityClemsonSC 29630USA
| | - Michał J. Winiarski
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics and Advanced Materials CenterGdansk University of Technologyul Narutowicza 11/1280-233GdanskPoland
| | - Hanna Świątek
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics and Advanced Materials CenterGdansk University of Technologyul Narutowicza 11/1280-233GdanskPoland
| | - Wyatt Balliew
- Department of ChemistryClemson UniversityClemsonSC 29630USA
| | | | - Mingli Liang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX 77204USA
| | - Maurice Sorolla
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of the Philippines DilimanQuezon City1101Philippines
| | - Thao T. Tran
- Department of ChemistryClemson UniversityClemsonSC 29630USA
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7
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Lunghi A, Sanvito S. Computational design of magnetic molecules and their environment using quantum chemistry, machine learning and multiscale simulations. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:761-781. [PMID: 37118096 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Having served as a playground for fundamental studies on the physics of d and f electrons for almost a century, magnetic molecules are now becoming increasingly important for technological applications, such as magnetic resonance, data storage, spintronics and quantum information. All of these applications require the preservation and control of spins in time, an ability hampered by the interaction with the environment, namely with other spins, conduction electrons, molecular vibrations and electromagnetic fields. Thus, the design of a novel magnetic molecule with tailored properties is a formidable task, which does not only concern its electronic structures but also calls for a deep understanding of the interaction among all the degrees of freedom at play. This Review describes how state-of-the-art ab initio computational methods, combined with data-driven approaches to materials modelling, can be integrated into a fully multiscale strategy capable of defining design rules for magnetic molecules.
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8
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Nguyen GT, Ungur L. The Role of Radical Bridges in Polynuclear Single‐Molecule Magnets. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200227. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giang Truong Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science National University of Singapore Block S8 Level 3, 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore Singapore 117543
| | - Liviu Ungur
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science National University of Singapore Block S8 Level 3, 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore Singapore 117543
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9
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A Solvate‐Isolated Linear Trimer CuNd
2
(CCl
3
COO)
8
⋅ 6MeCN: Structure, Synthesis and Magnetic Behavior. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Briganti M, Totti F, Andruh M. Hetero-tri-spin systems: an alternative stairway to the single molecule magnet heaven? Dalton Trans 2021; 50:15961-15972. [PMID: 34647933 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02511b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The search for molecule-based magnetic materials has stimulated over the years the development of extremely rich coordination chemistry. Various combinations of spin carriers have been investigated and illustrated by a plethora of hetero-spin complexes: 3d-nd, 3d-4f, 2p-3d, and 2p-4f. More recently, two other classes of hetero-spin complexes have grown rapidly: compounds containing three different paramagnetic metal ions, or one radical and two different paramagnetic metal ions (all within the same molecular entity). Such new classes of systems represent a challenge both from a synthetic and theoretical point of view. Indeed, the synthetic control and the understanding of the spin topology effect on the overall magnetic behavior from first-principles is a difficult problem to be solved. The presence of different spin carriers in a single molecule makes such compounds particularly interesting because they offer the possibility of developing new magnetic properties, different from those of hetero-bi-spin or homo-spin systems. A critical overview taking the case of 2p-3d-4f complexes is the focus of this perspective paper. An original organic picture of the state-of-art in this field and new hints about the main directions that should be pursued to achieve hetero-tri-spin systems with large anisotropy barriers, low quantum tunneling of magnetization and, possibly, large blocking temperatures are provided in this article through an analysis based on numerically revisiting already published data and a critical survey of the literature reported so far. The reasons for the limited success obtained for the largely used 3d-2p-4f topology are given along with the ones explaining the failure for the 2p-4f-3d case. The still never synthesized linear 2p-3d-4f spin topology seemed to be the most promising one based on the results obtained for the unique closed hetero-tri-spin closed triangular system synthesized so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Briganti
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff" and INSTM UdR Firenze, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Federico Totti
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff" and INSTM UdR Firenze, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Marius Andruh
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Str. Dumbrava Rosie nr. 23, 020464 Bucharest, Romania. .,"Costin D. Nenitzescu" Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei nr. 202B, Bucharest, Romania
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11
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Dey S, Rajaraman G. Attaining record-high magnetic exchange, magnetic anisotropy and blocking barriers in dilanthanofullerenes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14207-14216. [PMID: 34760206 PMCID: PMC8565386 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03925c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While the blocking barrier (U eff) and blocking temperature (T B) for "Dysprocenium" SIMs have been increased beyond liquid N2 temperature, device fabrication of these molecules remains a challenge as low-coordinate Ln3+ complexes are very unstable. Encapsulating the lanthanide ion inside a cage such as a fullerene (called endohedral metallofullerene or EMF) opens up a new avenue leading to several Ln@EMF SMMs. The ab initio CASSCF calculations play a pivotal role in identifying target metal ions and suitable cages in this area. Encouraged by our earlier prediction on Ln2@C79N, which was verified by experiments, here we have undertaken a search to enhance the exchange coupling in this class of molecules beyond the highest reported value. Using DFT and ab initio calculations, we have studied a series of Gd2@C2n (30 ≤ 2n ≤ 80), where an antiferromagnetic J Gd⋯Gd of -43 cm-1 was found for a stable Gd2@C38-D 3h cage. This extremely large and exceptionally rare 4f⋯4f interaction results from a direct overlap of 4f orbitals due to the confinement effect. In larger cages such as Gd2@C60 and Gd2@C80, the formation of two centre-one-electron (2c-1e-) Gd-Gd bonds is perceived. This results in a radical formation in the fullerene cage leading to its instability. To avoid this, we have studied heterofullerenes where one of the carbon atoms is replaced by a nitrogen atom. Specifically, we have studied Ln2@C59N and Ln2@C79N, where strong delocalisation of the electron yields a mixed valence-like behaviour. This suggests a double-exchange (B) is operational, and CASSCF calculations yield a B value of 434.8 cm-1 and resultant J Gd-rad of 869.5 cm-1 for the Gd2@C59N complex. These parameters are found to be two times larger than the world-record J reported for Gd2@C79N. Further ab initio calculations reveal an unprecedented U cal of 1183 and 1501 cm-1 for Dy2@C59N and Tb2@C59N, respectively. Thus, this study offers strong exchange coupling as criteria for new generation SMMs as the existing idea of enhancing the blocking barrier via crystal field modulation has reached its saturation point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
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12
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Mavragani N, Errulat D, Gálico DA, Kitos AA, Mansikkamäki A, Murugesu M. Radical‐Bridged Ln
4
Metallocene Complexes with Strong Magnetic Coupling and a Large Coercive Field. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niki Mavragani
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa 10 Marie Curie Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Dylan Errulat
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa 10 Marie Curie Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Diogo A. Gálico
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa 10 Marie Curie Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Alexandros A. Kitos
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa 10 Marie Curie Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | | | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa 10 Marie Curie Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
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13
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Mavragani N, Errulat D, Gálico DA, Kitos AA, Mansikkamäki A, Murugesu M. Radical-Bridged Ln 4 Metallocene Complexes with Strong Magnetic Coupling and a Large Coercive Field. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24206-24213. [PMID: 34427984 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Inducing magnetic coupling between 4f elements is an ongoing challenge. To overcome this formidable difficulty, we incorporate highly delocalized tetrazinyl radicals, which strongly couple with f-block metallocenes to form discrete tetranuclear complexes. Synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of two tetranuclear [(Cp*2 Ln)4 (tz. )4 ]⋅3(C6 H6 ) (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl; tz=1,2,4,5-tetrazine; Ln=Dy, Gd) complexes are reported. An in-depth examination of their magnetic properties through magnetic susceptibility measurements as well as computational studies support a highly sought-after radical-induced "giant-spin" model. Strong exchange interactions between the LnIII ions and tz. radicals lead to a strong magnet-like behaviour in this molecular magnet with a large coercive field of 30 kOe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Mavragani
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Dylan Errulat
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Diogo A Gálico
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Alexandros A Kitos
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | | | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
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14
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Kotrle K, Nemec I, Moncol J, Čižmár E, Herchel R. 3d-4f magnetic exchange interactions and anisotropy in a series of heterobimetallic vanadium(IV)-lanthanide(III) Schiff base complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13883-13893. [PMID: 34523627 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01944a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of heterobimetallic LnIII-VIV compounds [Ln(VO)L(NO3)3(H2O)] (Ln = Gd(1), Tb(2), Dy(3), and Er(4)) assembled by a Schiff base ligand (H2L = N,N'-bis(1-hydroxy-2-benzylidene-6-methoxy)-1,7-diamino-4-azaheptane) were prepared and studied with experimental and theoretical methods. The single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed the change of the coordination number from 10 found in 1-3 to 9 confirmed in 4. The DC magnetic data were fit with several Hamiltonians to extract the exchange and anisotropy parameters of complexes 1-4. This investigation of magnetic properties was carried out using both DFT and CASSCF theoretical calculations. It was found out that exchange interactions in 1, 3 and 4 are antiferromagnetic, while 2 has ferromagnetic exchange interactions. Moreover, the AC susceptibility measurements revealed the field-induced slow relaxation of magnetization in complexes 2 and 3 which is complicated by the presence of three relaxation channels. Nevertheless, these compounds belong to the first TbIII-VIV and DyIII-VIV single-molecule magnets in this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kotrle
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivan Nemec
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Moncol
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava SK-81237, Slovakia
| | - Erik Čižmár
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Park Angelinum 9, SK-041 54 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Radovan Herchel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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15
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Nguyen GT, Ungur L. Understanding the magnetization blocking mechanism in N 23--radical-bridged dilanthanide single-molecule magnets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:10303-10310. [PMID: 33908512 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00452b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a theoretical investigation of the electronic structure and magnetic properties in [(Cp2Me4HLn(THF))2(μ-N2˙)]- and [(Cp2Me4HLn)2(μ-N2˙)]- (THF = tetrahydrofuran, CpMe4H = tetramethylcyclopentadienyl, Ln = Tb, Dy) complexes [as reported in Demir et al., Nat. Commun., 8, 1-9, 2144 (2017)]. By ab initio methods, their magnetic blocking behaviors are successfully characterized allowing elucidation of the origin of the two blocking barriers observed experimentally. In addition, a detailed analysis of exchange wave functions explains why the blocking barrier of the Tb complexes is roughly twice as large as that of the Dy analogues, a fact which appears to be a general trend exhibited in this family of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S8 Level 3, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Liviu Ungur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S8 Level 3, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.
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16
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Hay MA, Boskovic C. Lanthanoid Complexes as Molecular Materials: The Redox Approach. Chemistry 2021; 27:3608-3637. [PMID: 32965741 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The development of molecular materials with novel functionality offers promise for technological innovation. Switchable molecules that incorporate redox-active components are enticing candidate compounds due to their potential for electronic manipulation. Lanthanoid metals are most prevalent in their trivalent state and usually redox-activity in lanthanoid complexes is restricted to the ligand. The unique electronic and physical properties of lanthanoid ions have been exploited for various applications, including in magnetic and luminescent materials as well as in catalysis. Lanthanoid complexes are also promising for applications reliant on switchability, where the physical properties can be modulated by varying the oxidation state of a coordinated ligand. Lanthanoid-based redox activity is also possible, encompassing both divalent and tetravalent metal oxidation states. Thus, utilization of redox-active lanthanoid metals offers an attractive opportunity to further expand the capabilities of molecular materials. This review surveys both ligand and lanthanoid centered redox-activity in pre-existing molecular systems, including tuning of lanthanoid magnetic and photophysical properties by modulating the redox states of coordinated ligands. Ultimately the combination of redox-activity at both ligands and metal centers in the same molecule can afford novel electronic structures and physical properties, including multiconfigurational electronic states and valence tautomerism. Further targeted exploration of these features is clearly warranted, both to enhance understanding of the underlying fundamental chemistry, and for the generation of a potentially important new class of molecular material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moya A Hay
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Colette Boskovic
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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17
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Mavragani N, Kitos AA, Brusso JL, Murugesu M. Enhancing Magnetic Communication between Metal Centres: The Role of s-Tetrazine Based Radicals as Ligands. Chemistry 2021; 27:5091-5106. [PMID: 33079452 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although 1,2,4,5-tetrazines or s-tetrazines have been known in the literature for more than a century, their coordination chemistry has become increasingly popular in recent years due to their unique redox activity, multiple binding sites and their various applications. The electron-poor character of the ring and stabilization of the radical anion through all four nitrogen atoms in their metal complexes provide new aspects in molecular magnetism towards the synthesis of new high performing Single Molecule Magnets (SMMs). The scope of this review is to examine the role of s-tetrazine radical ligands in transition metal and lanthanide based SMMs and provide a critical overview of the progress thus far in this field. As well, general synthetic routes and new insights for the preparation of s-tetrazines are discussed, along with their redox activity and applications in various fields. Concluding remarks along with the limitations and perspectives of these ligands are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Mavragani
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Alexandros A Kitos
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jaclyn L Brusso
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
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18
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Gould CA, Mu E, Vieru V, Darago LE, Chakarawet K, Gonzalez MI, Demir S, Long JR. Substituent Effects on Exchange Coupling and Magnetic Relaxation in 2,2′-Bipyrimidine Radical-Bridged Dilanthanide Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21197-21209. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Veacheslav Vieru
- Theory of Nanomaterials Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Selvan Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Long
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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19
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Goodwin CP, Réant BLL, Vettese GF, Kragskow JGC, Giansiracusa MJ, DiMucci IM, Lancaster KM, Mills DP, Sproules S. Heteroleptic Samarium(III) Chalcogenide Complexes: Opportunities for Giant Exchange Coupling in Bridging σ- and π-Radical Lanthanide Dichalcogenides. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:7571-7583. [PMID: 32421315 PMCID: PMC7268190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of (N2)3-• radicals into multinuclear lanthanide molecular magnets raised hysteresis temperatures by stimulating strong exchange coupling between spin centers. Radical ligands with larger donor atoms could promote more efficient magnetic coupling between lanthanides to provide superior magnetic properties. Here, we show that heavy chalcogens (S, Se, Te) are primed to fulfill these criteria. The moderately reducing Sm(II) complex, [Sm(N††)2], where N†† is the bulky bis(triisopropylsilyl)amide ligand, can be oxidized (i) by diphenyldichalcogenides E2Ph2 (E = S, Se, Te) to form the mononuclear series [Sm(N††)2(EPh)] (E = S, 1-S; Se, 1-Se, Te, 1-Te); (ii) S8 or Se8 to give dinuclear [{Sm(N††)2}2(μ-η2:η2-E2)] (E = S, 2-S2; Se, 2-Se2); or (iii) with Te═PEt3 to yield [{Sm(N††)2}(μ-Te)] (3). These complexes have been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, multinuclear NMR, FTIR, and electronic spectroscopy; the steric bulk of N†† dictates the formation of mononuclear complexes with chalcogenate ligands and dinuclear species with the chalcogenides. The Lα1 fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption spectra at the Sm L3-edge yielded resolved pre-edge and white-line peaks for 1-S and 2-E2, which served to calibrate our computational protocol in the successful reproduction of the spectral features. This method was employed to elucidate the ground state electronic structures for proposed oxidized and reduced variants of 2-E2. Reactivity is ligand-based, forming species with bridging superchalcogenide (E2)-• and subchalcogenide (E2)3-• radical ligands. The extraordinarily large exchange couplings provided by these dichalcogenide radicals reveal their suitability as potential successors to the benchmark (N2)3-• complexes in molecular magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad
A. P. Goodwin
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Benjamin L. L. Réant
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Gianni F. Vettese
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Jon G. C. Kragskow
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Marcus J. Giansiracusa
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Ida M. DiMucci
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kyle M. Lancaster
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - David P. Mills
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Stephen Sproules
- WestCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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20
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Basak D, Leusen JV, Gupta T, Kögerler P, Bertolasi V, Ray D. Unusually Distorted Pseudo-Octahedral Coordination Environment Around CoII from Thioether Schiff Base Ligands in Dinuclear [CoLn] (Ln = La, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho) Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Understanding of Magnetic Behavior. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2387-2405. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipmalya Basak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721 302, India
| | - Jan van Leusen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tulika Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Paul Kögerler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Valerio Bertolasi
- Dipartimento di ScienzeChimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Debashis Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721 302, India
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21
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Basak D, van Leusen J, Gupta T, Kögerler P, Ray D. Synthetic diversity and change in nuclearity in [Co-Dy] coordination aggregates: bridge removal, solvent induced structural reorganization and AC susceptibility measurements. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:7576-7591. [PMID: 32458935 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01728k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three new cobalt(ii/iii)-dysprosium(iii) complexes, [DyIII3CoII2CoIII2(L1)2(O2CCMe3)8(OH)4(OMe)2(H2O)4]·Dy(η1-O2CCMe3)2(η2-O2CCMe3)2(MeOH)2·4H2O (1), [DyIII3CoII2CoIII2(L2)2(O2CCMe3)8(OH)4(OMe)2(MeOH)2(H2O)2]·Dy(η1-O2CCMe3)2(η2-O2CCMe3)2(MeOH)2·4MeOH (2) and DyIII2CoII2CoIII2(L2)2(O2CCMe3)10(OH)2 (3) have been reported. In the heptanuclear 3d-4f monocationic aggregates in 1 and 2 the three dysprosium and four cobalt sites are arranged into a vertex shared dicubane structure, induced by two structure-directing ligands. Interestingly, a unique and previously unknown dysprosium(iii)-pivalate based counter anion, Dy(η1-O2CCMe3)2(η2-O2CCMe3)2(MeOH)2-, was trapped by the monocationic cores during crystallization. MeCN induced structural rearrangement of 2 through loss of OMe- bridges and dysprosium(iii) ions at the shared vertex resulted in the hexanuclear 3d-4f neutral aggregate 3, in which two dysprosium and four cobalt sites exhibit a near planar disposition. HRMS(+ve) of solutions of 1 and 2 revealed the pathway for aggregation processes and solvent induced structural transformation along with the importance of bridging OMe- in directing the formation of these compounds. Magnetic studies show a non-zero out-of-phase component in the AC susceptibility measurements of 1 but not in 2 and 3, although 1 and 2 have a very similar {CoIII2CoII2DyIII3} core and another DyIII center. Ab initio single-ion calculations point to the different single-ion anisotropic behavior for DyIII centers (energy in cm-1 and g-tensors) as well as negative and positive D values for CoII sites in 1 and 2 respectively reaffirming the experimental result. However, calculations envision that, zero-field out-of-phase signal and no out-of-phase signal in 1 and 2 respectively do not solely generate from the single-ion Dy/Co anisotropies and the overall relaxation mechanism can be understood by considering the exchange interactions between DyIII-DyIII and DyIII-CoII centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipmalya Basak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721 302, India.
| | - Jan van Leusen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tulika Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Paul Kögerler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Debashis Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721 302, India.
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22
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Fdez. Galván I, Vacher M, Alavi A, Angeli C, Aquilante F, Autschbach J, Bao JJ, Bokarev SI, Bogdanov NA, Carlson RK, Chibotaru LF, Creutzberg J, Dattani N, Delcey MG, Dong SS, Dreuw A, Freitag L, Frutos LM, Gagliardi L, Gendron F, Giussani A, González L, Grell G, Guo M, Hoyer CE, Johansson M, Keller S, Knecht S, Kovačević G, Källman E, Li Manni G, Lundberg M, Ma Y, Mai S, Malhado JP, Malmqvist PÅ, Marquetand P, Mewes SA, Norell J, Olivucci M, Oppel M, Phung QM, Pierloot K, Plasser F, Reiher M, Sand AM, Schapiro I, Sharma P, Stein CJ, Sørensen LK, Truhlar DG, Ugandi M, Ungur L, Valentini A, Vancoillie S, Veryazov V, Weser O, Wesołowski TA, Widmark PO, Wouters S, Zech A, Zobel JP, Lindh R. OpenMolcas: From Source Code to Insight. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:5925-5964. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fdez. Galván
- Department of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Morgane Vacher
- Department of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ali Alavi
- Max Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Celestino Angeli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Aquilante
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Jie J. Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Sergey I. Bokarev
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Nikolay A. Bogdanov
- Max Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rebecca K. Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Liviu F. Chibotaru
- Theory of Nanomaterials Group, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Joel Creutzberg
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nike Dattani
- Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Mickaël G. Delcey
- Department of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sijia S. Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leon Freitag
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luis Manuel Frutos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, and Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río”, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Frédéric Gendron
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Angelo Giussani
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Apartado 22085, ES-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gilbert Grell
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Meiyuan Guo
- Department of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chad E. Hoyer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Marcus Johansson
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Keller
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Knecht
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Goran Kovačević
- Division of Materials Physics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O.B. 180, Bijenička 54, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Erik Källman
- Department of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Li Manni
- Max Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marcus Lundberg
- Department of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yingjin Ma
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Mai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - João Pedro Malhado
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Per Åke Malmqvist
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Philipp Marquetand
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie A. Mewes
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study (NZIAS), Massey University Albany, Private Bag
102904, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
| | - Jesper Norell
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
- USIAS and Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Markus Oppel
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Quan Manh Phung
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Kristine Pierloot
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Reiher
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew M. Sand
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Igor Schapiro
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Prachi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Christopher J. Stein
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lasse Kragh Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Donald G. Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Mihkel Ugandi
- Department of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liviu Ungur
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Alessio Valentini
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, Research Unit MolSys, Allée du 6 Août, 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Steven Vancoillie
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Valera Veryazov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Weser
- Max Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tomasz A. Wesołowski
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Per-Olof Widmark
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Wouters
- Brantsandpatents, Pauline van Pottelsberghelaan 24, 9051 Sint-Denijs-Westrem, Belgium
| | - Alexander Zech
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - J. Patrick Zobel
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Roland Lindh
- Department of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala Center for Computational Chemistry (UC3), Uppsala University, P.O. Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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Pederson R, Wysocki AL, Mayhall N, Park K. Multireference Ab Initio Studies of Magnetic Properties of Terbium-Based Single-Molecule Magnets. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:6996-7006. [PMID: 31339311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We investigate how different chemical environments influence magnetic properties of terbium(III) (Tb)-based single-molecule magnets (SMMs), using first-principles relativistic multireference methods. Recent experiments showed that Tb-based SMMs can have exceptionally large magnetic anisotropy and that they can be used for experimental realization of quantum information applications, with a judicious choice of chemical environment. Here, we perform complete active space self-consistent field calculations including relativistic spin-orbit interaction for representative Tb-based SMMs such as TbPc2 and TbPcNc in three charge states. We calculate the low-energy electronic structure from which we compute the Tb crystal-field (CF) parameters and construct an effective pseudospin Hamiltonian. Our calculations show that the ligand type and fine points of molecular geometry do not affect the gap between the ground-state and first-excited doublets, whereas the latter varies weakly with oxidation number. On the other hand, higher-energy levels have a strong dependence on all these characteristics. For neutral TbPc2 and TbPcNc molecules, the Tb magnetic moment and ligand spin are parallel to each other and the coupling strength between them does not depend much on the ligand type and details of the atomic structure. However, ligand distortion and molecular symmetry play a crucial role in transverse CF parameters which lead to tunnel splitting. The tunnel splitting induces quantum tunneling of magnetization by itself or by combining with other processes. Our results provide insights into the mechanisms of magnetization relaxation in the representative Tb-based SMMs.
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24
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Yao X, An G, Li Y, Yan P, Li W, Li G. Effect of nuclearity and symmetry on the single-molecule magnets behavior of seven-coordinated β-diketonate Dy(III) complexes. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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25
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Velkos G, Krylov DS, Kirkpatrick K, Spree L, Dubrovin V, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Bezmelnitsyn V, Davis S, Faust P, Duchamp J, Dorn HC, Popov AA. Hohe Block‐Temperatur der Magnetisierung und herausragende Koerzitivfeldstärke im Azafulleren Tb
2
@C
79
N mit einer Einelektronen‐Terbium‐Terbium‐Bindung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Denis S. Krylov
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
- Center for Quantum NanoscienceInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyle Kirkpatrick
- Department of ChemistryVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Valeriy Bezmelnitsyn
- Luna nanoWorks, a Division ofLuna Innovation Inc. 521 Bridge St Danville Virginia USA
| | - Sean Davis
- Luna nanoWorks, a Division ofLuna Innovation Inc. 521 Bridge St Danville Virginia USA
| | - Paul Faust
- Department of ChemistryVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - James Duchamp
- Department of ChemistryVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Harry C. Dorn
- Department of ChemistryVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
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26
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Velkos G, Krylov DS, Kirkpatrick K, Spree L, Dubrovin V, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Bezmelnitsyn V, Davis S, Faust P, Duchamp J, Dorn HC, Popov AA. High Blocking Temperature of Magnetization and Giant Coercivity in the Azafullerene Tb 2 @C 79 N with a Single-Electron Terbium-Terbium Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5891-5896. [PMID: 30786125 PMCID: PMC6519270 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The azafullerene Tb2 @C79 N is found to be a single-molecule magnet with a high 100-s blocking temperature of magnetization of 24 K and large coercivity. Tb magnetic moments with an easy-axis single-ion magnetic anisotropy are strongly coupled by the unpaired spin of the single-electron Tb-Tb bond. Relaxation of magnetization in Tb2 @C79 N below 15 K proceeds via quantum tunneling of magnetization with the characteristic time τQTM =16 462±1230 s. At higher temperature, relaxation follows the Orbach mechanism with a barrier of 757±4 K, corresponding to the excited states, in which one of the Tb spins is flipped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis S Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyle Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanislav M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Valeriy Bezmelnitsyn
- Luna nanoWorks, a Division of, Luna Innovation Inc., 521 Bridge St, Danville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sean Davis
- Luna nanoWorks, a Division of, Luna Innovation Inc., 521 Bridge St, Danville, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul Faust
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - James Duchamp
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Harry C Dorn
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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27
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Liu F, Velkos G, Krylov DS, Spree L, Zalibera M, Ray R, Samoylova NA, Chen CH, Rosenkranz M, Schiemenz S, Ziegs F, Nenkov K, Kostanyan A, Greber T, Wolter AUB, Richter M, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Air-stable redox-active nanomagnets with lanthanide spins radical-bridged by a metal-metal bond. Nat Commun 2019; 10:571. [PMID: 30718550 PMCID: PMC6362165 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering intramolecular exchange interactions between magnetic metal atoms is a ubiquitous strategy for designing molecular magnets. For lanthanides, the localized nature of 4f electrons usually results in weak exchange coupling. Mediating magnetic interactions between lanthanide ions via radical bridges is a fruitful strategy towards stronger coupling. In this work we explore the limiting case when the role of a radical bridge is played by a single unpaired electron. We synthesize an array of air-stable Ln2@C80(CH2Ph) dimetallofullerenes (Ln2 = Y2, Gd2, Tb2, Dy2, Ho2, Er2, TbY, TbGd) featuring a covalent lanthanide-lanthanide bond. The lanthanide spins are glued together by very strong exchange interactions between 4f moments and a single electron residing on the metal–metal bonding orbital. Tb2@C80(CH2Ph) shows a gigantic coercivity of 8.2 Tesla at 5 K and a high 100-s blocking temperature of magnetization of 25.2 K. The Ln-Ln bonding orbital in Ln2@C80(CH2Ph) is redox active, enabling electrochemical tuning of the magnetism. Dilanthanide complexes that possess radical bridges exhibit enhanced magnetic exchange coupling, affording molecular magnets with high blocking temperatures. Here, the authors explore a series of dilanthanide-encapsulated fullerenes where the radical bridge is taken to its limit and the role is played by a single unpaired electron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis S Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michal Zalibera
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 81237, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Rajyavardhan Ray
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), TU Dresden, D-01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nataliya A Samoylova
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chia-Hsiang Chen
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Schiemenz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Ziegs
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Konstantin Nenkov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aram Kostanyan
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Greber
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anja U B Wolter
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manuel Richter
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), TU Dresden, D-01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanislav M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
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28
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Velloth A, Imamura Y, Hada M. Functionalization of Endohedral Metallofullerenes toward Improving Barrier Height for the Relaxation of Magnetization for Dy 2@C 80-X (X = CF 3, C 3N 3Ph 2). Inorg Chem 2019; 58:1208-1215. [PMID: 30614692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We theoretically studied the electronic and magnetic properties of the exterior functionalized endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) of Gd2@ I h-C80-X (where X is the exterior functional group). Molecular orbital analysis suggests that the presence of unpaired electron on the I h-C80 cage is not favoring the observation of stable species. One of the effective strategies to address this problem is by attaching an exterior functional group to the fullerene cage. Out of the studied exterior functionalized EMFs, we were successful in finding two stable species such as Gd2@ I h-C80-CF3 and Gd2@ I h-C80-C3N3Ph2 with no unpaired spin on the cage. Further, we utilized exterior functional groups such as -CF3 (1) and -C3N3Ph2 (2) to model and to stabilize dinuclear Dy2@ I h-C80 species, and we thoroughly investigated their magnetic properties using ab initio calculations. Within the single-ion paradigm, DyIII ions in 1 and 2 are magnetically anisotropic, and their magnetization-reversal energy barriers are estimated to be ∼698 and ∼705 cm-1, respectively. Furthermore, beyond the single-ion paradigm, i.e., considering a ferromagnetic coupling (∼30 cm-1) between the lanthanide ions and the radical spin, the energy barriers of 1 and 2 are estimated to be 79.8 and 73.0 cm-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Velloth
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Metropolitan University , 1-1 minami-osawa , Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 , Japan
| | - Yutaka Imamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Metropolitan University , 1-1 minami-osawa , Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 , Japan
| | - Masahiko Hada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Metropolitan University , 1-1 minami-osawa , Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 , Japan
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29
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Liu JL, Chen YC, Tong ML. Symmetry strategies for high performance lanthanide-based single-molecule magnets. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:2431-2453. [PMID: 29492482 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00266a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 632] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Toward promising candidates of quantum information processing, the rapid development of lanthanide-based single-molecule magnets (Ln-SMMs) highlights design strategies in consideration of the local symmetry of lanthanide ions. In this review, crystal-field theory is employed to demonstrate the electronic structures according to the semiquantitative electrostatic model. Then, specific symmetry elements are analysed for the elimination of transverse crystal fields and quantum tunnelling of magnetization (QTM). In this way, high-performance Ln-SMMs can be designed to enable extremely slow relaxation of magnetization, namely magnetic blocking; however, their practical magnetic characterization becomes increasingly challenging. Therefore, we will attempt to interpret the experimental behaviours and clarify some issues in detail. Finally, representative Ln-SMMs with specific local symmetries are summarized in combination with the discussion on the symmetry strategies, and some of the underlying questions are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Liang Liu
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
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30
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Chorazy S, Rams M, Wyczesany M, Nakabayashi K, Ohkoshi SI, Sieklucka B. Antiferromagnetic exchange and long-range magnetic ordering in supramolecular networks constructed of hexacyanido-bridged LnIII(3-pyridone)–CrIII (Ln = Gd, Tb) chains. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce02077e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exchange interactions and magnetic phase transitions are observed in novel cyanido-bridged lanthanide(iii)–chromium(iii) chains as proved by magnetic and calorimetric studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Chorazy
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Kraków
- Poland
| | - Michał Rams
- Institute of Physics
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-348 Kraków
- Poland
| | | | - Koji Nakabayashi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Ohkoshi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
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31
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Han Y, Vogel DJ, Inerbaev TM, May PS, Berry MT, Kilin DS. Photoinduced dynamics to photoluminescence in Ln3+ (Ln = Ce, Pr) doped β-NaYF4 nanocrystals computed in basis of non-collinear spin DFT with spin-orbit coupling. Mol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2017.1416193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulun Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Dayton J. Vogel
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Talgat M. Inerbaev
- Faculty of Physics and Technical Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Faculty of Physics and Technical Sciences, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - P. Stanley May
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Mary T. Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Dmitri S. Kilin
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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32
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Giant coercivity and high magnetic blocking temperatures for N 23- radical-bridged dilanthanide complexes upon ligand dissociation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2144. [PMID: 29247236 PMCID: PMC5732206 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01553-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing the operating temperatures of single-molecule magnets—molecules that can retain magnetic polarization in the absence of an applied field—has potential implications toward information storage and computing, and may also inform the development of new bulk magnets. Progress toward these goals relies upon the development of synthetic chemistry enabling enhancement of the thermal barrier to reversal of the magnetic moment, while suppressing alternative relaxation processes. Herein, we show that pairing the axial magnetic anisotropy enforced by tetramethylcyclopentadienyl (CpMe4H) capping ligands with strong magnetic exchange coupling provided by an N23− radical bridging ligand results in a series of dilanthanide complexes exhibiting exceptionally large magnetic hysteresis loops that persist to high temperatures. Significantly, reducing the coordination number of the metal centers appears to increase axial magnetic anisotropy, giving rise to larger magnetic relaxation barriers and 100-s magnetic blocking temperatures of up to 20 K, as observed for the complex [K(crypt-222)][(CpMe4H2Tb)2(μ−\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\rm{N}}_2^ \cdot$$\end{document}N2⋅)]. Single-molecule magnets typically only retain information in the presence of an applied magnetic field and at very low temperatures. Here, Demir, Long and co-workers design N23– radical-bridged dilanthanide complexes that exhibit giant coercivities and 100-s magnetic blocking temperatures of up to 20 K.
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33
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Liu F, Krylov DS, Spree L, Avdoshenko SM, Samoylova NA, Rosenkranz M, Kostanyan A, Greber T, Wolter AUB, Büchner B, Popov AA. Single molecule magnet with an unpaired electron trapped between two lanthanide ions inside a fullerene. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16098. [PMID: 28706223 PMCID: PMC5519982 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing the temperature at which molecules behave as single-molecule magnets is a serious challenge in molecular magnetism. One of the ways to address this problem is to create the molecules with strongly coupled lanthanide ions. In this work, endohedral metallofullerenes Y2@C80 and Dy2@C80 are obtained in the form of air-stable benzyl monoadducts. Both feature an unpaired electron trapped between metal ions, thus forming a single-electron metal-metal bond. Giant exchange interactions between lanthanide ions and the unpaired electron result in single-molecule magnetism of Dy2@C80(CH2Ph) with a record-high 100 s blocking temperature of 18 K. All magnetic moments in Dy2@C80(CH2Ph) are parallel and couple ferromagnetically to form a single spin unit of 21 μB with a dysprosium-electron exchange constant of 32 cm−1. The barrier of the magnetization reversal of 613 K is assigned to the state in which the spin of one Dy centre is flipped. Single molecule magnets have demonstrated promise for information storage, molecular spintronics and quantum computing, but are limited by their low operational temperatures. Here, Popov and coworkers prepare a SMM with a high blocking temperature of 18 K by trapping two lanthanide ions with a single-electron bond inside a fullerene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis S Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanislav M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nataliya A Samoylova
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Aram Kostanyan
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Greber
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anja U B Wolter
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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34
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Gould CA, Darago LE, Gonzalez MI, Demir S, Long JR. A Trinuclear Radical‐Bridged Lanthanide Single‐Molecule Magnet. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin A. Gould
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Lucy E. Darago
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Miguel I. Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Selvan Demir
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Jeffrey R. Long
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California, Berkeley and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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35
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Gould CA, Darago LE, Gonzalez MI, Demir S, Long JR. A Trinuclear Radical‐Bridged Lanthanide Single‐Molecule Magnet. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10103-10107. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin A. Gould
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Lucy E. Darago
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Miguel I. Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Selvan Demir
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Jeffrey R. Long
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California, Berkeley and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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36
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Gregório T, Giese SOK, Nunes GG, Soares JF, Hughes DL. Crystal structures of two mononuclear complexes of terbium(III) nitrate with the tripodal alcohol 1,1,1-tris-(hy-droxy-meth-yl)propane. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2017; 73:278-285. [PMID: 28217359 PMCID: PMC5290582 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989017001116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two new mononuclear cationic complexes in which the TbIII ion is bis-chelated by the tripodal alcohol 1,1,1-tris-(hy-droxy-meth-yl)propane (H3LEt, C6H14O3) were prepared from Tb(NO3)3·5H2O and had their crystal and mol-ecular structures solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis after data collection at 100 K. Both products were isolated in reasonable yields from the same reaction mixture by using different crystallization conditions. The higher-symmetry complex dinitratobis[1,1,1-tris-(hy-droxy-meth-yl)propane]-terbium(III) nitrate di-meth-oxy-ethane hemisolvate, [Tb(NO3)2(H3LEt)2]NO3·0.5C4H10O2, 1, in which the lanthanide ion is 10-coordinate and adopts an s-bicapped square-anti-prismatic coordination geometry, contains two bidentate nitrate ions bound to the metal atom; another nitrate ion functions as a counter-ion and a half-mol-ecule of di-meth-oxy-ethane (completed by a crystallographic twofold rotation axis) is also present. In product aqua-nitratobis[1,1,1-tris-(hy-droxy-meth-yl)propane]-terbium(III) dinitrate, [Tb(NO3)(H3LEt)2(H2O)](NO3)2, 2, one bidentate nitrate ion and one water mol-ecule are bound to the nine-coordinate terbium(III) centre, while two free nitrate ions contribute to charge balance outside the tricapped trigonal-prismatic coordination polyhedron. No free water mol-ecule was found in either of the crystal structures and, only in the case of 1, di-meth-oxy-ethane acts as a crystallizing solvent. In both mol-ecular structures, the two tripodal ligands are bent to one side of the coordination sphere, leaving room for the anionic and water ligands. In complex 2, the methyl group of one of the H3LEt ligands is disordered over two alternative orientations. Strong hydrogen bonds, both intra- and inter-molecular, are found in the crystal structures due to the number of different donor and acceptor groups present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaiane Gregório
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, 81530-900 Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - Siddhartha O. K. Giese
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, 81530-900 Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - Giovana G. Nunes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, 81530-900 Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - Jaísa F. Soares
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, 81530-900 Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - David L. Hughes
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, University Plain, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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Bartolomé E, Arauzo A, Luzón J, Bartolomé J, Bartolomé F. Magnetic Relaxation of Lanthanide-Based Molecular Magnets. HANDBOOK OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.hmm.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Gupta T, Beg MF, Rajaraman G. Role of Single-Ion Anisotropy and Magnetic Exchange Interactions in Suppressing Zero-Field Tunnelling in {3d-4f} Single Molecule Magnets. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:11201-11215. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tulika Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Mohammad Faizan Beg
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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Spin-orbit coupled molecular quantum magnetism realized in inorganic solid. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12912. [PMID: 27650796 PMCID: PMC5035996 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular quantum magnetism involving an isolated spin state is of particular interest due to the characteristic quantum phenomena underlying spin qubits or molecular spintronics for quantum information devices, as demonstrated in magnetic metal-organic molecular systems, the so-called molecular magnets. Here we report the molecular quantum magnetism realized in an inorganic solid Ba3Yb2Zn5O11 with spin-orbit coupled pseudospin-½ Yb(3+) ions. The magnetization represents the magnetic quantum values of an isolated Yb4 tetrahedron with a total (pseudo)spin 0, 1 and 2. Inelastic neutron scattering results reveal that a large Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction originating from strong spin-orbit coupling of Yb 4f is a key ingredient to explain magnetic excitations of the molecular magnet states. The Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction allows a non-adiabatic quantum transition between avoided crossing energy levels, and also results in unexpected magnetic behaviours in conventional molecular magnets.
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Magnetic Bistability in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Systems: The Role of Anisotropy and Exchange Interactions. INCLUDING ACTINIDES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.hpcre.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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