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Arezina R, Chen T, Wang D. Conventional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines: Mechanistic Insights into Therapeutic Landscape of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:447-457. [PMID: 37038544 PMCID: PMC10082417 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s393540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a major public health concern associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current therapeutic guidelines for this disease recommend starting with an inhaled bronchodilator, stepping up to combination therapy as necessary, and/or adding inhaled corticosteroids as symptoms and airflow obstruction progress. However, no drug therapy exists to stop disease progression. The mechanistic definition underlying COPD pathogenesis remains poorly understood, it is generally accepted that oxidative stress and the altered immune response of low-grade airway inflammation are major factors contributing to COPD development. There are several potential therapeutic targets that are currently under investigation, including immune regulatory pathways in inflammation and lung-associated steroid resistance induced by oxidative stress signaling cascades. Patients with COPD have increased levels of inflammatory mediators, including lipid and peptide mediators, as well as a network of cytokines and chemokines that maintain inflammatory immune response and recruit circulating cells into the lungs. Many of these pro-inflammatory mediators are regulated by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as p38 MAPK. Increased oxidative stress is a key driving mechanism in perpetuating inflammation and lung injury. Furthermore, many proteases that degrade elastin fibres are secreted by airway resident infiltrating immune cells in COPD patients. In this perspective, we discuss novel aspects of signaling pathway activation in the context of inflammation and oxidative stress, and the broad view of potential effective pharmacotherapies that target the underlying mechanistic disease process in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radivoj Arezina
- Department of Medical, Stridon Clinical Research, Richmond Upon Thames, London, UK
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Public Health, Policy & Systems, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Duolao Wang
- Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
- Correspondence: Duolao Wang, Email
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Wang W, Zhang S, Cui L, Chen Y, Xu X, Wu L. Bufei Yishen Formula Inhibits the Cell Senescence in COPD by Up-Regulating the ZNF263 and Klotho Expression. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:533-539. [PMID: 37065635 PMCID: PMC10094478 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s383295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bufei Yishen formula (BYF) is an effective prescription for the clinical treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the molecular mechanism by which it exerts its pharmacological effects remains to be explored. Methods The human bronchial cell line BEAS-2B was treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Cellular senescence markers were detected by Western blot and ELISA. Potential transcription factor of klotho was predicted using JASPAR and USCS databases. Results CSE induced cellular senescence with intracellular accumulation of cellular senescence biomarkers (p16, p21 and p27) and increased secretion of senescence-related secretory phenotypic (SASP) factors (IL-6, IL-8, and CCL3). In contrast, BYF treatment inhibited CSE-induced cellular senescence. CSE suppressed the transcription, expression and secretion of klotho, whereas BYF treatment rescued its transcription, expression and secretion. CSE downregulated the protein level of ZNF263, whereas BYF treatment rescued the expression of ZNF263. Furthermore, ZNF263-overexpressing BEAS-2B cells could inhibit CSE-induced cellular senescence and SASP factor secretion by upregulating the expression of klotho. Conclusion This study revealed a novel pharmacological mechanism by which BYF alleviates clinical symptoms of COPD patients, and regulating ZNF263 and klotho expression may be beneficial to the treatment and prevention of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Wang
- Department of Gerontology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaohong Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Cui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huaian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huaian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huaian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaian, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Longchuan Wu; Xingxing Xu, Email ;
| | - Longchuan Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huaian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaian, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Longchuan Wu; Xingxing Xu, Email ;
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Effective Component Compatibility of Bufei Yishen Formula III Which Regulates the Mucus Hypersecretion of COPD Rats via the miR-146a-5p/EGFR/MEK/ERK Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9423435. [PMID: 36619199 PMCID: PMC9812609 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9423435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background The effective-component compatibility of Bufei Yishen formula III (ECC-BYF III) with 5 ingredients (ginsenoside Rh1, astragaloside, icariin, nobiletin, and paeonol) has been shown to protect against chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present study aimed to observe the effects of ECC-BYF III in a COPD rat model and dissect its potential mechanisms in regulating mucus hypersecretion via the miR-146a-5p/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/MEK/ERK pathway. Methods COPD model rats were treated with normal saline, ECC-BYF III, or N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Pulmonary function, lung tissue histology with H & E and AB-PAS staining, expression levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-1β, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and FOXA2 in lung tissues and the mRNA and proteins involved in the miR-146a-5p/EGFR/MEK/ERK pathway were evaluated. Results The COPD rats showed a significant decrease in the pulmonary function and serious pathological damage to the lung tissue. ECC-BYF III and NAC significantly improved the ventilation function and small airway pathological damage in the COPD rats. The goblet cells and the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, MUC5AC, and MUC5B were increased in the COPD rats and were significantly decreased after ECC-BYF III or NAC intervention. The expression levels of IL-4 and FOXA2 in the COPD rats were markedly decreased and were improved in the ECC-BYF III and NAC groups. ECC-BYF III appeared to have a potent effect in restoring the reduced expression of miR-146a-5p. The increased phosphorylation levels of EGFR, MEK, and ERK1/2 and the protein expression levels of SPDEF in the lungs of COPD rats could be significantly reduced by ECC-BYF III. Conclusions ECC-BYF III has a significant effect in improving the airway mucus hypersecretion in COPD model rats, as well as a protective effect against limited pulmonary function and injured lung histopathology. The protective effect of ECC-BYF III in reducing airway mucus hypersecretion in COPD may involve the miR-146a-5p/EGFR/MEK/ERK pathway.
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Guan Q, Zhao P, Tian Y, Yang L, Zhang Z, Li J. Identification of cancer risk assessment signature in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exploration of the potential key genes. Ann Med 2022; 54:2309-2320. [PMID: 35993327 PMCID: PMC9415445 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2112070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is essential to assess the cancer risk for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Comparing gene expression data from patients with lung cancer (a total of 506 samples) and those with cancer-adjacent normal lung tissues (a total of 370 samples), we generated a qualitative transcriptional signature consisting of 2046 gene pairs. The signature was verified in an evaluation dataset comprising 18 subjects with severe disease and 52 subjects with moderate disease (Wilcoxon rank-sum test; p = 7.33 × 10-5). Similar results were obtained in other independent datasets. Among the gene pairs in the signature, 326 COPD stage-related gene pairs were identified based on Spearman's rank correlation tests and those gene pairs comprised 368 unique genes. Of these 368 genes, 16 genes were significantly dysregulated in COPD rat model data compared with control data. Some of these genes (Dhx16, Upf2, Notch3, Sec61a1, Dyrk2, and Hmmr) were altered when the COPD rat model was treated with traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), including Bufei Yishen formula, Bufei Jianpi formula, and Yiqi Zishen formula. Overall, the signature could predict the cancer incidence-risk of COPD and the identified key genes might provide guidance regarding both the treatment of COPD using TCM and the prevention of cancer in patients with COPD. KEY MESSAGESA cancer risk assessment signature was identified in patients with COPD.The signature is insensitive to batch effects and is well verified.COPD key genes identified in this study might play a crucial role in TCM treatment and cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhou Guan
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yange Tian
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Effective-Component Compatibility of Bufei Yishen Formula III Combined with Electroacupuncture Suppresses Inflammatory Response in Rats with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease via Regulating SIRT1/NF- κB Signaling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3360771. [PMID: 35586807 PMCID: PMC9110177 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3360771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore more efficient treatments for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), effective-component compatibility of Bufei Yishen formula III (ECC-BYF III) and electroacupuncture were tested on rats with COPD, and silent information regulator transcript-1 (SIRT1)/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling was further investigated to interpret the therapy. Methods In total, 70 rats were randomly divided into control (Control), model (Model), aminophylline (APL), ECC-BYF III, electroacupuncture (EA), ECC-BYF III+EA, and sham electroacupuncture (SA) groups. Cigarette smoke exposure combined with repeated bacterial infections was used to establish COPD models in 1-12 weeks. From 13 to 20 weeks, the ECC-BYF III and APL groups received corresponding drugs; the EA group received electroacupuncture therapy, wherein Dazhui (GV 14), Feishu (BL 13), and Shenshu (BL 23) points were selected; the ECC-BYF III+EA group received ECC-BYF III intragastrically combined with electroacupuncture; and the SA group received simulated electroacupuncture (nonacupoint). Pulmonary function, pulmonary histopathology, the expressions of SIRT1/NF-κB signaling, and inflammation-related mRNA and protein were detected. Results Significant deterioration was observed in pulmonary function and pulmonary histopathology in rats with COPD (P < 0.01), and inflammatory state was illustrated by increased levels of interleukin- (IL-) 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and decreased levels of IL-10 (P < 0.01). After the intervention of APL, ECC-BYF III, EA, and ECC-BYF III+EA, both pulmonary function and pulmonary histopathology were improved (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), whereas the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased and IL-10 was increased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). Additionally, the mRNA expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB, and acetylated NF-κBp65 (Ac-NF-κB) were noted to decrease, and SIRT1 and IL-10 were increased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01); the protein expression of SIRT1 was upregulated, and NF-κBp65 and Ac-NF-κB were downregulated (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). The effect of ECC-BYF III+EA was better in terms of improving pulmonary function and alleviating inflammation than that of the other treatment groups (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). Conclusions ECC-BYF III, electroacupuncture, and their combination can suppress inflammation, among which the combination therapy has been proven to be the most effective treatment, and the mechanism may be involved in activating SIRT1/NF-κB signaling.
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Li J, Zhao P, Tian Y, Li K, Zhang L, Guan Q, Mei X, Qin Y. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of a Combination of Five Compounds From Five Chinese Herbal Medicines Used in the Treatment of COPD. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:709702. [PMID: 34776947 PMCID: PMC8578279 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.709702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective compound combination (ECC; i.e, 20-S-ginsenoside Rh1, astragaloside, icariin, nobiletin, and paeonol), derived from Chinese herbal medicine, significantly ameliorates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rats; however, the underlying mechanisms of ECC remain largely unclear. In this study, network pharmacology analysis integrated with experimental validation was used to explore the therapeutic mechanisms of ECC against COPD. ECC targets and COPD genes and targets were identified from multiple databases, and then used for an analysis of protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, and biological functioning. BisoGenet was used to comprehensively analyze the hub-network. We validated the therapeutic effect and mechanisms of ECC both in vivo and in vitro. We identified 45 ECC targets, which were mainly related to inflammatory processes, such as the NOD-like and NF-kappa B signaling pathways, hematopoietic cell lineage, Th17 cell differentiation, cellular response to lipopolysaccharide, and interleukin-8 secretion. In addition, 1180 COPD genes and 70 COPD targets were identified as being involved in the biological functions associated with COPD development, such as cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, the TNF signaling pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, regulation of lymphocyte proliferation, and positive regulation of leukocyte migration. Integrative analysis of COPD genes and targets and ECC target networks revealed that 54 genes were mainly involved in the inflammatory process, such as IL-17 signaling, NF-kappa B signaling, innate immune response–activating signal transduction, and macrophage cell differentiation. Six targets (AR, ESR1, HNRNPA1, PAPR1, TP53, and VCAM1) contained in the hub-network and their four related compounds were obtained and recognized as the key molecules associated with the effects of ECC. Molecular docking validation demonstrated that four compounds could bind to six targets that interact with COPD genes. Finally, in vivo and in vitro experiments verified that ECC treatment ameliorated the symptoms of COPD in rats by improving their lung function, reducing pathological changes, and suppressing oxidative responses and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, while inhibiting inflammation in LPS-induced macrophages, which may be associated with NF-kappa B and MAPK signaling regulation. This study demonstrates the therapeutic mechanisms and effects of ECC on COPD via regulation of the underlying inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yange Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kangchen Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lanxi Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingzhou Guan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Mei
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanqin Qin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Wang T, Liang L, Zhao C, Sun J, Wang H, Wang W, Lin J, Hu Y. Elucidating direct kinase targets of compound Danshen dropping pills employing archived data and prediction models. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9541. [PMID: 33953309 PMCID: PMC8100098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on direct targets of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the key to study the mechanism and material basis of it, but there is still no effective methods at present. We took Compound Danshen dropping pills (CDDP) as a study case to establish a strategy to identify significant direct targets of TCM. As a result, thirty potential active kinase targets of CDDP were identified. Nine of them had potential dose-dependent effects. In addition, the direct inhibitory effect of CDDP on three kinases, AURKB, MET and PIM1 were observed both on biochemical level and cellular level, which could not only shed light on the mechanisms of action involved in CDDP, but also suggesting the potency of drug repositioning of CDDP. Our results indicated that the research strategy including both in silico models and experimental validation that we built, were relatively efficient and reliable for direct targets identification for TCM prescription, which will help elucidating the mechanisms of TCM and promoting the modernization of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxing Wang
- GeneNet Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., No. 1, Tingjiang West Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Lu Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300353, China
| | - Chunlai Zhao
- GeneNet Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., No. 1, Tingjiang West Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Jia Sun
- GeneNet Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., No. 1, Tingjiang West Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Hairong Wang
- GeneNet Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., No. 1, Tingjiang West Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- GeneNet Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., No. 1, Tingjiang West Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Jianping Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300353, China
| | - Yunhui Hu
- GeneNet Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., No. 1, Tingjiang West Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300410, China.
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Wang Y, Tan J, Hu P, Pei Q, Wen Y, Ma W, Shi K, Li Z, Li H, Cheng F, Gu X, Yao X, Man Y, Zhao R, Feng S, Ding X, Yang T. Traditional Chinese medicine compound, Bu Sheng Hui Yang Fang, promotes the proliferation of lymphocytes in the immunosuppressed mice potentially by upregulating IL-4 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 134:111107. [PMID: 33341059 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a pivotal role in defending against infection and cancer immunosurveillance during the onset and procession of malignant disease. Cancer patients are frequently immunocompromised and subject to refractory infection and relapse of leukemia, due to the cytotoxic agents and immunosuppressive glucocorticoids in the chemotherapy regimens. Bu Shen Hui Yang Fang (BSHY), a traditional Chinese compound, was widely used in China to enhance the immune system of leukemia patients combined with chemotherapy and effectively lowered their risk of infection, with specific mechanism unknown yet. Thus, we investigated the effects of BSHY on the immune system using immunosuppressive mouse models. By analyzing the immune system of immunosuppressed BALB/C mice induced by hydrocortisone, we found an increase of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in the spleens of mice after BSHY treatment. Furthermore, we found the enhanced immune system in BSHY treated group was due to increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis of lymphocytes. Cytokine array analysis revealed that interleukin 4 (IL-4) was reduced in the plasma of immunosuppressed mice but returned to a normal level after BSHY treatment. Moreover, we found IL-4 was an adverse prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia patients and part of them could be elevated by BSHY. Mechanistically, we found BSHY enhances the proliferation of lymphocytes in a Stat6-dependent manner. In summary, our current study demonstrates that BSHY enhances the proliferation of lymphocytes in the immunosuppressed mice via upregulating IL-4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Wang
- Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jiabin Tan
- Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang Pei
- Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Wen
- Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wenqing Ma
- Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Keqian Shi
- Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zengzheng Li
- Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Huiyuan Li
- Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Fengyu Cheng
- Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xuezhong Gu
- Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiangmei Yao
- Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Man
- Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Renbin Zhao
- Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shuai Feng
- Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Tonghua Yang
- Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty of Hematology, Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
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9
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Integration of SNP Disease Association, eQTL, and Enrichment Analyses to Identify Risk SNPs and Susceptibility Genes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3854196. [PMID: 33457407 PMCID: PMC7785362 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3854196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disease caused by the disturbance of genetic and environmental factors. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) play a vital role in the genetic dissection of complex diseases. In-depth analysis of SNP-related information could recognize disease-associated biomarkers and further uncover the genetic mechanism of complex diseases. Risk-related variants might act on the disease by affecting gene expression and gene function. Through integrating SNP disease association study and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis, as well as functional enrichment of containing known causal genes, four risk SNPs and four corresponding susceptibility genes were identified utilizing next-generation sequencing (NGS) data of COPD. Of the four risk SNPs, one could be found in the SNPedia database that stored disease-related SNPs and has been linked to a disease in the literature. Four genes showed significant differences from the perspective of normal/disease or variant/nonvariant samples, as well as the high performance of sample classification. It is speculated that the four susceptibility genes could be used as biomarkers of COPD. Furthermore, three of our susceptibility genes have been confirmed in the literature to be associated with COPD. Among them, two genes had an impact on the significance of expression correlation of known causal genes they interact with, respectively. Overall, this research may present novel insights into the diagnosis and pathogenesis of COPD and susceptibility gene identification of other complex diseases.
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Mohammadtursun N, Li Q, Abuduwaki M, Jiang S, Zhang H, Sun J, Dong J. Loki zupa alleviates inflammatory and fibrotic responses in cigarette smoke induced rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chin Med 2020; 15:92. [PMID: 32874197 PMCID: PMC7457355 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Loki zupa formula is kind of a traditional medicines which used to treat airway diseases, especially those caused by abnormal phlegm, such as cough, asthma and chronic bronchitis. The study aim was to explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-remodeling effects of Loki zupa by using a cigarette-smoke induced rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods The rats were divided into five groups: the normal group, the model group, the LZ 4 g/kg and LZ8g/kg group, and the positive control group. Rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for 24 weeks to induce a COPD rat model. Lung function was assessed. Histopathological changes were recorded using Haematoxylin–eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining. Mucus hypersecretion was evaluated by PAS staining. Inflammatory factors were measured in blood serum and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase levels were tested by biochemical methods. Gene expression patterns were evaluated using GN-GeneChip Clariom S Array for rat from Affymetrix. And top upregulated and downregulated genes validated by qPCR. And these genes was also compared with gene transcriptomic data from smoker patients with emphysema and non-smokers in GEO dataset. IL-6/PLAGA2A signalling protein expression was assessed by western blot and immunohistochemistry. TGF-β1and smad2/3 signalling expressions were analysed by western Blot. Results Loki zupa improved COPD rats lung function as compared to the model group and pathological changes including inflammatory cell infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia was alleviated in rats treated with Loki zupa Inflammatory factors IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and TGF-β1 decreased while significant increase was observed in blood serum IL-10 content in rats treated with Loki zupa. And IL-6 and TNF-α level in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid showed same expression trend in blood serum, while there was no change in MMP-9 content. It also increased antioxidant enzyme SOD and GPX activity while reducing the lipid peroxidation. Gene microarray analysis showed that there were 355 differentially expressed gene in LZ treated COPD rat lung as compared to model group. Both microarray and qPCR results showed that top differentially expressed genes nxt1 (up regulated) and pla2g2a (down regulated) expression were also reversed by LZ treatment. And protein expression level of IL-6 and pla2g2a was also elevated in CS exposed rats while significant reduction was observed in LZ treated rats. Accordingly, Loki zupa inhibited Collagen-1 upstream protein expression of TGF-β/smad2/3 signalling pathway. Conclusion These results demonstrated that Loki zupa showed protective effects in the lung of the COPD rat model. This mainly because of Loki zupa exerts anti-inflammatory effects by blocking IL-6/pla2g2a signalling and inhibiting inflammatory gene expression and attenuates fibrotic responses by inhibiting TGF-β/smad2/3 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabijan Mohammadtursun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China.,College of Xinjiang Uyghur Medicine, Hotan, China
| | - Qiuping Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | | | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
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Zhao P, Liu X, Dong H, Tian Y, Feng S, Zhao D, Ren Z, Zhang L, Li J. Bufei Yishen Formula Restores Th17/Treg Balance and Attenuates Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease via Activation of the Adenosine 2a Receptor. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1212. [PMID: 32848801 PMCID: PMC7427463 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bufei Yishen formula (BYF) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) reported to ameliorate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by regulating the balance between T helper (Th) 17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells. However, its mechanism remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of BYF. Naïve CD4+ T cells were exposed to anti-CD3, anti-CD28, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and/or interleukin (IL)-6 to promote their differentiation into Th17 or Treg cells. A rat model of cigarette smoke- and bacterial infection-induced COPD was established and orally treated with BYF and/or an adenosine 2a receptor (A2aR) antagonist. Then, the rats were sacrificed, their lung tissues were removed for histological analysis, and their spleens were collected to evaluate Th17 and Treg cells. The results showed that BYF significantly suppressed Th17 cell differentiation and its related cytokines and enhanced Treg cell differentiation and its related cytokines. In addition, BYF activated the A2aR, increased the levels of p-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)5, and decreased the level of p-STAT3 in Treg and Th17 cells. The A2aR antagonist suppressed the changes induced by BYF treatment in Th17 and Treg cells. Furthermore, the A2aR antagonist diminished the therapeutic effect of BYF on COPD, as indicated by the lung injury scores, bronchiole wall thickness, small pulmonary vessels wall thickness, bronchiole stenosis, alveolar diameters, decrease in inflammatory cytokines, increase in alveolar number, and lung functions. Similarly, the A2aR antagonist reversed the effects of BYF on the proportion of Th17 and Treg cells in the spleen. Additionally, BYF increased the protein and mRNA levels of A2aR and regulated the phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5 in spleen and lung tissues, which were inhibited by cotreatment with the A2aR antagonist. In conclusion, this study suggested that BYF exhibited its anti-COPD efficacy by restoring the Th17/Treg balance via activating A2aR, which may provide evidence for the clinical application of BYF in the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuefang Liu
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haoran Dong
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yange Tian
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suxiang Feng
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhouxin Ren
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lanxi Zhang
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Li JS, Liu XF, Dong HR, Zheng WC, Feng SX, Tian YG, Zhao P, Ma JD, Ren ZX, Xie Y. Effective-constituent compatibility-based analysis of Bufei Yishen formula, a traditional herbal compound as an effective treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 18:351-362. [PMID: 32565294 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Critical effective constituents were identified from Bufei Yishen formula (BYF), a traditional herbal compound and combined as effective-constituent compatibility (ECC) of BYF I, which may have potential bioactive equivalence to BYF. METHODS The active constituents of BYF were identified using four cellular models and categorised into Groups 1 (Bufeiqi), 2 (Bushen), 3 (Huatan) and 4 (Huoxue) according to Chinese medicinal theory. An orthogonal design and a combination method were used to determine the optimal ratios of effective constituents in each group and the ratios of "Groups 1 to 4" according to their pharmacological activity. We also comprehensively assessed bioactive equivalence between the BYF and the ECC of BYF I in a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). RESULTS We identified 12 active constituents in BYF. The numbers of constituents in Groups 1 to 4 were 3, 2, 5 and 2, respectively. We identified the optimal ratios of effective constituents within each group. In Group 1, total ginsenosides:Astragalus polysaccharide:astragaloside IV ratio was 9:5:2. In Group 2, icariin:schisandrin B ratio was 100:12.5. In Group 3, nobiletin:hesperidin:peimine:peiminine:kaempferol ratio was 4:30:6.25:0:0. In Group 4, paeoniflorin:paeonol ratio was 4:1. An orthogonal design was then used to establish the optimal ratios of Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4 in ECC of BYF I. The ratio for total ginsenosides:Astragalus polysaccharide:astragaloside IV:icariin:schisandrin B:nobiletin:hesperidin:peimine:paeoniflorin:paeonol was determined to be 22.5:12.5:5:100:12.5:4:30:6.25:25:6.25. A comprehensive evaluation confirmed that ECC of BYF I presented with bioactive equivalence to the original BYF. CONCLUSION Based on the ECC of traditional Chinese medicine formula method, the effective constituents of BYF were identified and combined in a fixed ratio as ECC of BYF I that was as effective as BYF itself in treating rats with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Sheng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China.
| | - Xue-Fang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Hao-Ran Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Wan-Chun Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Su-Xiang Feng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan-Ge Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Jin-di Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhou-Xin Ren
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
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An Updated Overview of Metabolomic Profile Changes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9060111. [PMID: 31185592 PMCID: PMC6631716 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9060111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a common and heterogeneous respiratory disease, is characterized by persistent and incompletely reversible airflow limitation. Metabolomics is applied to analyze the difference of metabolic profile based on the low-molecular-weight metabolites (<1 kDa). Emerging metabolomic analysis may provide insights into the pathogenesis and diagnosis of COPD. This review aims to summarize the alteration of metabolites in blood/serum/plasma, urine, exhaled breath condensate, lung tissue samples, etc. from COPD individuals, thereby uncovering the potential pathogenesis of COPD according to the perturbed metabolic pathways. Metabolomic researches have indicated that the dysfunctions of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, energy production pathways, and the imbalance of oxidations and antioxidations might lead to local and systematic inflammation by activating the Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling pathway and releasing inflammatory cytokines, like interleutin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-8. In addition, they might cause protein malnutrition and oxidative stress and contribute to the development and exacerbation of COPD.
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Ma J, Tian Y, Li J, Zhang L, Wu M, Zhu L, Liu S. Effect of Bufei Yishen Granules Combined with Electroacupuncture in Rats with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease via the Regulation of TLR-4/NF- κB Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:6708645. [PMID: 31275415 PMCID: PMC6560336 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6708645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combined therapy of Bufei Yishen granules (BY) and electroacupuncture (EA) has shown good effects clinically in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present study aimed to observe the effects of the BY + EA combination in a COPD rat model and dissect the potential mechanisms via Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. METHODS The COPD rats were treated with normal saline, aminophylline, Bufei Yishen granules, electroacupuncture, or Bufei Yishen granules combined with electroacupuncture. The pulmonary function; lung tissue histology; levels of inflammatory factors; expression levels of TLR-4, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (IκB), and NF-κB; and activation of NF-κB in the lung tissues were evaluated. RESULTS Pulmonary function was markedly decreased in the COPD rats, and the lung tissue histology of the COPD rats showed severe pathological changes. The pulmonary function and lung tissue morphology in the treatment groups (APL, BY, EA, and BY + EA) were improved. The increased levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 indicated a chronic inflammatory state in the COPD rats. In the BY, EA, and BY + EA groups, the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were decreased, especially in the BY + EA group. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR-4, IκB, and NF-κB were obviously downregulated in the BY and BY + EA groups; and the NF-κB p65 activation was significantly decreased in the BY, EA, and BY + EA groups. CONCLUSIONS Bufei Yishen granules and electroacupuncture have curative effects in COPD rats, and the combination therapy of Bufei Yishen granules and electroacupuncture is superior. The TLR-4/NF-κB pathway may be involved in the potential mechanisms by which Bufei Yishen granules and electroacupuncture reduce inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindi Ma
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Yange Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Lanxi Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Mingming Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
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The evaluation of inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and regulatory factors contributing to the pathogenesis of COPD in airways. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 215:97-105. [PMID: 30392917 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive chronic disease leading to obstructive lung airways and airflow limitations. The background of COPD is extensive cytopathology and histopathology orchestrated by mostly chronic inflammation with the local release of inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and regulatory mediators, as well as further remodeling and shaping of local architecture. Inflammatory mechanisms are provided by complex intercellular signalling networks and regulation of locally occurring immune responses. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, lung tissue specimens obtained from 33 COPD patients and 49 control patients were analysed. Tissue samples were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunoreactive cells positive for interleukin (IL)-1α (IL-1α), IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by an immunohistochemistry (IHC) method. RESULTS We evaluated overall higher numbers of IL-7, IL-8 and IL-10 (mostly from few (0/+) to almost abundance (++++)) and overall less numbers of IL-1α and IL-6 (mostly from no positive (0) to numerous to abundance (+++/++++)) immunoreactive cells in airway epithelium and connective tissue of COPD affected lung. Furthermore, we evaluated statistically significant (P < 0.05) higher numbers of immunoreactive cells located in control group airway epithelium for IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, and IL-12 compared to mucosal and submucosal connective tissue. Moreover, in COPD group airway epithelium for IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, and IL-10. We found no statistically significant difference between the numbers of IL-12 and TNF-α immunoreactive cells in airway epithelium and connective tissue of COPD affected lung. In comparison with the control group, we found statistically significant (P < 0.05) higher numbers of immunoreactive cells positive for all examined markers in COPD group. CONCLUSIONS Increased numbers of IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α immunoreactive cells highlight the local significance of these markers in COPD pathogenesis. Moreover, the pattern with dominance of immunoreactive cells in COPD affected airway epithelium over connective tissue is highlighting the essentials of epithelium in inflammatory signalling.
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Trends in herbgenomics. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 62:288-308. [PMID: 30128965 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
From Shen Nong's Herbal Classic (Shennong Bencao Jing) to the Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) and the first scientific Nobel Prize for the mainland of China, each milestone in the historical process of the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) involves screening, testing and integrating. After thousands of years of inheritance and development, herbgenomics (bencaogenomics) has bridged the gap between TCM and international advanced omics studies, promoting the application of frontier technologies in TCM. It is a discipline that uncovers the genetic information and regulatory networks of herbs to clarify their molecular mechanism in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. The main theoretical system includes genomics, functional genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, epigenomics, metagenomics, synthetic biology, pharmacogenomics of TCM, and bioinformatics, among other fields. Herbgenomics is mainly applicable to the study of medicinal model plants, genomic-assisted breeding, herbal synthetic biology, protection and utilization of gene resources, TCM quality evaluation and control, and TCM drug development. Such studies will accelerate the application of cutting-edge technologies, revitalize herbal research, and strongly promote the development and modernization of TCM.
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Zhao P, Li J, Tian Y, Mao J, Liu X, Feng S, Li J, Bian Q, Ji H, Zhang L. Restoring Th17/Treg balance via modulation of STAT3 and STAT5 activation contributes to the amelioration of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by Bufei Yishen formula. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 217:152-162. [PMID: 29454913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Bufei Yishen formula (BYF), a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has been extensively applied in clinical treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and provides an effective treatment strategy for the syndrome of lung-kidney qi deficiency in COPD patients. Here, we investigated its anti-COPD mechanism in COPD rats in relation to the balance between T helper (Th) 17 cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells. METHODS Rat model of cigarette smoke- and bacterial infection-induced COPD was established, and orally treated with BYF for 12 consecutive weeks. Then, the rats were sacrificed, their lung tissues were removed for histological analysis, and spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were collected to evaluate the Th17 and Treg cells. RESULTS Oral treatment of BYF markedly suppressed the disease progression and alleviated the pathological changes of COPD. It also decreased the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and Th17-related IL-17A, and induced a significant increase in Treg-related IL-10. Furthermore, BYF treatment obviously decreased the proportion of CD4+RORγt+ T (Th17) cell and increased the proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T (Treg) cell, leading to restore the Th17/Treg balance. BYF treated groups also decreased RORγt and increased Foxp3 expression in the spleens and MLNs. BYF further inhibited the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and boosted the phosphorylation of STAT5, that were critical transcription factors for TH17 and Treg differentiation. CONCLUSION these results demonstrated that BYF exerted its anti-COPD efficacy by restoring Th17/Treg balance via reciprocally modulating the activities of STAT3 and STAT5 in COPD rats, which may help to elucidate the underlying immunomodulatory mode of BYF on COPD treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cigarette Smoking/adverse effects
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Female
- Immunologic Factors/pharmacology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Klebsiella pneumoniae/pathogenicity
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Male
- Phenotype
- Phosphorylation
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/etiology
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/immunology
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/prevention & control
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
| | - Yange Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
| | - Jing Mao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
| | - Xuefang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
| | - Suxiang Feng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
| | - Junzi Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
| | - Qingqing Bian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
| | - Huige Ji
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
| | - Lanxi Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
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Long-Term Effects of TCM Yangqing Kangxian Formula on Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats via Regulating Nuclear Factor- κB Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:2089027. [PMID: 29387126 PMCID: PMC5745787 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2089027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects and long-term effects of YKF and dissect the potential mechanisms. Materials and Methods IPF rats were given YKF, prednisone, or pirfenidone, respectively, from day 1 to day 42, followed by a 28-day nonintervention interval through day 70. Forced vital capacity (FVC), histopathology, hydroxyproline (HYP) contents, lung coefficient, blood inflammatory cell populations, inflammatory cytokine levels of the lung tissues, and the expression of proteins involved in nuclear factor- (NF-) κB signaling pathway were evaluated on days 7, 14, 28, 42, and 70. Results HYP contents, Ashcroft scores, lung coefficient, and pulmonary fibrosis blood cell populations increased significantly in IPF rats, while FVC declined. All the above-mentioned parameters were improved in treatment groups from day 7 up to day 70, especially in YKF group. The mRNA and protein expressions of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α significantly decreased, while interferon- (IFN-) γ significantly increased, and phosphorylations of cytoplasm inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase β (IKKβ), inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B α (IκBα), and NF-κB were obviously downregulated in YKF group from day 7 to day 70. Conclusion YKF has beneficial protective and long-term effects on pulmonary fibrosis by anti-inflammatory response and alleviating fibrosis.
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19
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Integrating Transcriptomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics Profiling with System Pharmacology for the Delineation of Long-Term Therapeutic Mechanisms of Bufei Jianpi Formula in Treating COPD. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7091087. [PMID: 28424787 PMCID: PMC5382313 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7091087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In previous work, we identified 145 active compounds from Bufei Jianpi formula (BJF) by system pharmacology and found that BJF showed short-term effect on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rats. Here, we applied the transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomics approaches to illustrate the long-term anti-COPD action and its system mechanism of BJF. BJF has obvious anti-COPD effect through decreasing inflammatory cytokines level, preventing protease-antiprotease imbalance and collagen deposition on week 32 by continuous oral administration to rats from weeks 9 to 20. Subsequently, applying the transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomics techniques, we detected a number of regulated genes, proteins, and metabolites, mainly related to antioxidant activity, focal adhesion, or lipid metabolism, in lung tissues of COPD and BJF-treated rats. Afterwards, we integrated system pharmacology target, transcript, protein, and metabolite data sets and found that many genes, proteins, and metabolites in rats BJF-treated group and the target proteins of BJF were mainly attributed to lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and focal adhesion. Taken together, BJF displays long-term anti-COPD effect probably by system regulation of the lipid metabolism, inflammatory response pathways oxidative stress, and focal adhesion.
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Lu S, Han Y, Chu H, Kong L, Zhang A, Yan G, Sun H, Wang P, Wang X. Characterizing serum metabolic alterations of Alzheimer's disease and intervention of Shengmai-San by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Food Funct 2017; 8:1660-1671. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00154a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics approach describing the nervous protective mechanism of Shengmai-San (SMS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Lu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin
- China
| | - Ying Han
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin
- China
| | - Hang Chu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin
- China
| | - Ling Kong
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin
- China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin
- China
| | - Guangli Yan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin
- China
| | - Hui Sun
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin
- China
| | - Ping Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin
- China
| | - Xijun Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin
- China
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