1
|
Rajendran R, Chathambath A, Al-Sehemi AG, Pannipara M, Unnikrishnan MK, Aleya L, Raghavan RP, Mathew B. Critical role of nitric oxide in impeding COVID-19 transmission and prevention: a promising possibility. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:38657-38672. [PMID: 35258738 PMCID: PMC8902850 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a serious respiratory infection caused by a beta-coronavirus that is closely linked to SARS. Hypoxemia is a symptom of infection, which is accompanied by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Augmenting supplementary oxygen may not always improve oxygen saturation; reversing hypoxemia in COVID-19 necessitates sophisticated means to promote oxygen transfer from alveoli to blood. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) has been shown to inhibit the multiplication of the respiratory coronavirus, a property that distinguishes it from other vasodilators. These findings imply that NO may have a crucial role in the therapy of COVID-19, indicating research into optimal methods to restore pulmonary physiology. According to clinical and experimental data, NO is a selective vasodilator proven to restore oxygenation by helping to normalize shunts and ventilation/perfusion mismatches. This study examines the role of NO in COVID-19 in terms of its specific physiological and biochemical properties, as well as the possibility of using inhaled NO as a standard therapy. We have also discussed how NO could be used to prevent and cure COVID-19, in addition to the limitations of NO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajalakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Anjana Chathambath
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehboobali Pannipara
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Lotfi Aleya
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environment, Universite de Bourgogne Franche-Comte, CNRS6249, Besancon, France
| | - Roshni Pushpa Raghavan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India.
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682 041, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liang X, Zheng C, Ding K, Huang X, Zhang S, Lei Y, Yu K, Wang Y. Arginine-grafted porcine pericardium by copolymerization to improve cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility and anti-calcification properties of bioprosthetic heart valve materials. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:5571-5581. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00798c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) have been used widely due to the development of transcatheter heart valve replacement technology. However, glutaraldehyde crosslinked pericardium (GA), which is widely used as a leaflet...
Collapse
|
3
|
Chakraborty I, Hossain CM, Basak P. Synthesis and characterization of ester-diol based polyurethane: a potentiality check for hypopharyngeal tissue engineering application. Biomed Eng Lett 2020; 11:25-37. [PMID: 33747601 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-020-00180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Hypopharyngeal tissue engineering is increasing rapidly in this developing world. Tissue damage or loss needs the replacement by another biological or synthesized membrane using tissue engineering. Tissue engineering research is emerging to provide an effective solution for damaged tissue replacement. Polyurethane in tissue engineering has successfully been used to repair and restore the function of damaged tissues. In this context, Can polyurethane be a useful material to deal with hypopharyngeal tissue defects? To explore this, here ester diol based polyurethane (PU) was synthesized in two steps: firstly, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) was reacted with lactic acid to prepare ester diol, and then it was polymerized with hexamethylene diisocyanate. The physical, mechanical, and biological testing was done to testify the characterization of the membrane. The morphology of the synthesized membrane was investigated by using field emission scanning electron microscopy. Functional groups of the obtained membrane were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectroscopy. Several tests were performed to check the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of the membrane. A highly connected homogeneous network was obtained due to the appropriate orientation of a hard segment and soft segment in the synthesized membrane. Mechanical property analysis indicates the membrane has a strength of 5.15 MPa and strain 124%. The membrane showed high hemocompatibility, no cytotoxicity on peripheral blood mononuclear cell, and susceptible to degradation in simulated body fluid solution. Antimicrobial activity assessment has shown promising results against clinically significant bacteria. Primary hypopharyngeal cell growth on the PU membrane revealed the cytocompatibility and subcutaneous implantation on the back of Wistar rats were given in vivo biocompatibility of the membrane. Therefore, the synthesized material can be considered as a potential candidate for a hypopharyngeal tissue engineering application. Graphic abstract
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imon Chakraborty
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Piyali Basak
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Photoreactive benzophenone as anchor of modifier to construct durable anti-platelets polymer surface. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
5
|
Stahl AM, Yang YP. Tunable Elastomers with an Antithrombotic Component for Cardiovascular Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800222. [PMID: 29855176 PMCID: PMC6317886 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the development of a novel family of biodegradable polyurethanes for use as tissue engineered cardiovascular scaffolds or blood-contacting medical devices. Covalent incorporation of the antiplatelet agent dipyridamole into biodegradable polycaprolactone-based polyurethanes yields biocompatible materials with improved thromboresistance and tunable mechanical strength and elasticity. Altering the ratio of the dipyridamole to the diisocyanate linking unit and the polycaprolactone macromer enables control over both the drug content and the polymer cross-link density. Covalent cross-linking in the materials achieves significant elasticity and a tunable range of elastic moduli similar to that of native cardiovascular tissues. Interestingly, the cross-link density of the polyurethanes is inversely related to the elastic modulus, an effect attributed to decreasing crystallinity in the more cross-linked polymers. In vitro characterization shows that the antiplatelet agent is homogeneously distributed in the materials and is released slowly throughout the polymer degradation process. The drug-containing polyurethanes support endothelial cell and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, while demonstrating reduced levels of platelet adhesion and activation, supporting their candidacy as promising substrates for cardiovascular tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Stahl
- Departments of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yunzhi Peter Yang
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ippel BD, Dankers PYW. Introduction of Nature's Complexity in Engineered Blood-compatible Biomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 28841771 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials with excellent blood-compatibility are needed for applications in vascular replacement therapies, such as vascular grafts, heart valves and stents, and in extracorporeal devices such as hemodialysis machines and blood-storage bags. The modification of materials that are being used for blood-contacting devices has advanced from passive surface modifications to the design of more complex, smart biomaterials that respond to relevant stimuli from blood to counteract coagulation. Logically, the main source of inspiration for the design of new biomaterials has been the endogenous endothelium. Endothelial regulation of hemostasis is complex and involves a delicate interplay of structural components and feedback mechanisms. Thus, challenges to develop new strategies for blood-compatible biomaterials now lie in incorporating true feedback controlled mechanisms that can regulate blood compatibility in a dynamic way. Here, supramolecular material systems are highlighted as they provide a promising platform to introduce dynamic reciprocity, due to their inherent dynamic nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan D. Ippel
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems; Laboratory for Chemical Biology; and Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y. W. Dankers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems; Laboratory for Chemical Biology; and Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tsai KJ, Dixon S, Hale LR, Darbyshire A, Martin D, de Mel A. Biomimetic heterogenous elastic tissue development. NPJ Regen Med 2017; 2:16. [PMID: 29302352 PMCID: PMC5678008 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-017-0021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet need for artificial tissue to address current limitations with donor organs and problems with donor site morbidity. Despite the success with sophisticated tissue engineering endeavours, which employ cells as building blocks, they are limited to dedicated labs suitable for cell culture, with associated high costs and long tissue maturation times before available for clinical use. Direct 3D printing presents rapid, bespoke, acellular solutions for skull and bone repair or replacement, and can potentially address the need for elastic tissue, which is a major constituent of smooth muscle, cartilage, ligaments and connective tissue that support organs. Thermoplastic polyurethanes are one of the most versatile elastomeric polymers. Their segmented block copolymeric nature, comprising of hard and soft segments allows for an almost limitless potential to control physical properties and mechanical behaviour. Here we show direct 3D printing of biocompatible thermoplastic polyurethanes with Fused Deposition Modelling, with a view to presenting cell independent in-situ tissue substitutes. This method can expeditiously and economically produce heterogenous, biomimetic elastic tissue substitutes with controlled porosity to potentially facilitate vascularisation. The flexibility of this application is shown here with tubular constructs as exemplars. We demonstrate how these 3D printed constructs can be post-processed to incorporate bioactive molecules. This efficacious strategy, when combined with the privileges of digital healthcare, can be used to produce bespoke elastic tissue substitutes in-situ, independent of extensive cell culture and may be developed as a point-of-care therapy approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jen Tsai
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Luke Richard Hale
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Arnold Darbyshire
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Martin
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
- The Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, Univeristy College London, London, UK
| | - Achala de Mel
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chaves C, Gao C, Hunckler J, Elsawy M, Legagneux J, Renault G, Masquelet AC, de Mel A. Dual-acting biofunctionalised scaffolds for applications in regenerative medicine. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:32. [PMID: 28108960 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Off the shelf scaffolds for replacing ultra-small diameter vascular grafts are valuable for reconstruction of diseased or damaged vessels. The limitations for such grafts include optimal handling with ready availability of varied lengths of grafts, graft patency with the ability to replace the function of active cellular mechanisms and adequate mechanical properties to maintain physicochemical function. We used a well-established, solvent casting method for potential tissue replacement scaffold fabrication with incorporated bioactive molecules, which we have previously explored to confer haemocompatibility. These grafts were tested in-vivo within the abdominal aorta of 10 Wistar rats and the patency was clinically and echographically evaluated. Haemocompatibility and endothelialisation were assessed on explants. Biofunctionalised scaffolds were also grafted subcutaneously and intraperitoneally to evaluate integration, inflammation and angiogenesis reactions. The potential wider applications of this dual acting scaffold were evaluated for its interactions with human dermal fibroblasts as well as bronchial epithelial cells. Physicochemical property evaluation of the functionalised grafts has clarified the mechanical strength and permeability. This study confirmed the microsurgical suturability of tubular grafts and graft patency of functionalized scaffolds. The study demonstrated the potential of a dual acting biofunctionalised scaffold's use for a wide range of tissue engineering applications where micro-porous, yet impermeable scaffolds are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Chaves
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
- Ecole de Chirurgie, AGEPS, AP-HP, 7 Rue du Fer À Moulin, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Chuanyu Gao
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jerome Hunckler
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Moustafa Elsawy
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Josette Legagneux
- Ecole de Chirurgie, AGEPS, AP-HP, 7 Rue du Fer À Moulin, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Gilles Renault
- Institut Cochin-INSERM U1016, 27 rue du fbg Saint Jacques, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Alain Charles Masquelet
- Hôpital St Antoine, Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique & Traumatologique, Unité Chirurgie Réparatrice & Chirurgie de la Main, Paris, F-75571, France
| | - Achala de Mel
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Saksena R, Gao C, Wicox M, de Mel A. Tubular organ epithelialisation. J Tissue Eng 2016; 7:2041731416683950. [PMID: 28228931 PMCID: PMC5308438 DOI: 10.1177/2041731416683950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hollow, tubular organs including oesophagus, trachea, stomach, intestine, bladder and urethra may require repair or replacement due to disease. Current treatment is considered an unmet clinical need, and tissue engineering strategies aim to overcome these by fabricating synthetic constructs as tissue replacements. Smart, functionalised synthetic materials can act as a scaffold base of an organ and multiple cell types, including stem cells can be used to repopulate these scaffolds to replace or repair the damaged or diseased organs. Epithelial cells have not yet completely shown to have efficacious cell-scaffold interactions or good functionality in artificial organs, thus limiting the success of tissue-engineered grafts. Epithelial cells play an essential part of respective organs to maintain their function. Without successful epithelialisation, hollow organs are liable to stenosis, collapse, extensive fibrosis and infection that limit patency. It is clear that the source of cells and physicochemical properties of scaffolds determine the successful epithelialisation. This article presents a review of tissue engineering studies on oesophagus, trachea, stomach, small intestine, bladder and urethral constructs conducted to actualise epithelialised grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Saksena
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chuanyu Gao
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mathew Wicox
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Achala de Mel
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|