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Yoo J, Ahn J, Ha H, Claud Jonas J, Kim C, Ham Kim H. Single-Beam Acoustic Tweezers for Cell Biology: Molecular to In Vivo Level. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2024; 71:1269-1288. [PMID: 39250365 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2024.3456083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Acoustic tweezers have attracted attention in various fields of cell biology, including in vitro single-cell and intercellular mechanics. Compared with other tweezing technologies such as optical and magnetic tweezers, acoustic tweezers possess stronger forces and are safer for use in biological systems. However, due to the limited spatial resolution or limited size of target objects, acoustic tweezers have primarily been used to manipulate cells in vitro. To extend the advantages of acoustic tweezers to other levels (e.g., molecular and in vivo levels), researchers have recently developed various types of acoustic tweezers such as single-beam acoustic tweezers (SBATs), surface acoustic wave (SAW) tweezers, and acoustic-streaming tweezers. Among these, SBATs utilize a single-focused beam, making the transducer and system simple, noninvasive, and capable of producing strong forces compared with other types of tweezers. Depending on the acoustic beam pattern, SBATs can be classified into Rayleigh regime, Mie regime, and acoustic vortex with different trapping dynamics and application levels. In this review, we provide an overview of the principles and configuration of each type of SBAT, their applications ranging from molecular to in vivo studies, and their limitations and prospects. Thus, this review demonstrates the significance and potential of SBAT technology in biophysics and biomedical engineering.
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2
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Chapman M, Rajagopal V, Stewart A, Collins DJ. Critical review of single-cell mechanotyping approaches for biomedical applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3036-3063. [PMID: 38804123 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00978e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Accurate mechanical measurements of cells has the potential to improve diagnostics, therapeutics and advance understanding of disease mechanisms, where high-resolution mechanical information can be measured by deforming individual cells. Here we evaluate recently developed techniques for measuring cell-scale stiffness properties; while many such techniques have been developed, much of the work examining single-cell stiffness is impacted by difficulties in standardization and comparability, giving rise to large variations in reported mechanical moduli. We highlight the role of underlying mechanical theories driving this variability, and note opportunities to develop novel mechanotyping devices and theoretical models that facilitate convenient and accurate mechanical characterisation. Moreover, many high-throughput approaches are confounded by factors including cell size, surface friction, natural population heterogeneity and convolution of elastic and viscous contributions to cell deformability. We nevertheless identify key approaches based on deformability cytometry as a promising direction for further development, where both high-throughput and accurate single-cell resolutions can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Chapman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Vijay Rajagopal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Alastair Stewart
- ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Collins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Graeme Clarke Institute University of Melbourne Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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3
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Sen-Dogan B, Demir MA, Sahin B, Yildirim E, Karayalcin G, Sahin S, Mutlu E, Toral TB, Ozgur E, Zorlu O, Kulah H. Analytical Validation of a Spiral Microfluidic Chip with Hydrofoil-Shaped Pillars for the Enrichment of Circulating Tumor Cells. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:938. [PMID: 37887131 PMCID: PMC10605072 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood with high efficiency remains a challenge hindering the utilization of CTC enrichment methods in clinical practice. Here, we propose a microfluidic channel design for the size-based hydrodynamic enrichment of CTCs from blood in an epitope-independent and high-throughput manner. The microfluidic channel comprises a spiral-shaped part followed by a widening part, incorporating successive streamlined pillars, that improves the enrichment efficiency. The design was tested against two benchmark designs, a spiral microfluidic channel and a spiral microfluidic channel followed by a widening channel without the hydrofoils, by processing 5 mL of healthy blood samples spiked with 100 MCF-7 cells. The results proved that the design with hydrofoil-shaped pillars perform significantly better in terms of recovery (recovery rate of 67.9% compared to 23.6% in spiral and 56.7% in spiral with widening section), at a cost of slightly lower white blood cell (WBC) depletion (depletion rate of 94.2% compared to 98.6% in spiral and 94.2% in spiral with widening section), at 1500 µL/min flow rate. For analytical validation, the design was further tested with A549, SKOV-3, and BT-474 cell lines, yielding recovery rates of 62.3 ± 8.4%, 71.0 ± 6.5%, and 82.9 ± 9.9%, respectively. The results are consistent with the size and deformability variation in the respective cell lines, where the increasing size and decreasing deformability affect the recovery rate in a positive manner. The analysis before and after the microfluidic chip process showed that the process does not affect cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Buket Sahin
- Mikro Biyosistemler A.S., 06530 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ender Yildirim
- Mikro Biyosistemler A.S., 06530 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- METU MEMS Center, 06530 Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Ege Mutlu
- Mikro Biyosistemler A.S., 06530 Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ebru Ozgur
- Mikro Biyosistemler A.S., 06530 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozge Zorlu
- Mikro Biyosistemler A.S., 06530 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haluk Kulah
- Mikro Biyosistemler A.S., 06530 Ankara, Turkey
- METU MEMS Center, 06530 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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4
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Wang S, Wang X, You F, Xiao H. Review of Ultrasonic Particle Manipulation Techniques: Applications and Research Advances. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1487. [PMID: 37630023 PMCID: PMC10456655 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic particle manipulation technique is a non-contact label-free method for manipulating micro- and nano-scale particles using ultrasound, which has obvious advantages over traditional optical, magnetic, and electrical micro-manipulation techniques; it has gained extensive attention in micro-nano manipulation in recent years. This paper introduces the basic principles and manipulation methods of ultrasonic particle manipulation techniques, provides a detailed overview of the current mainstream acoustic field generation methods, and also highlights, in particular, the applicable scenarios for different numbers and arrangements of ultrasonic transducer devices. Ultrasonic transducer arrays have been used extensively in various particle manipulation applications, and many sound field reconstruction algorithms based on ultrasonic transducer arrays have been proposed one after another. In this paper, unlike most other previous reviews on ultrasonic particle manipulation, we analyze and summarize the current reconstruction algorithms for generating sound fields based on ultrasonic transducer arrays and compare these algorithms. Finally, we explore the applications of ultrasonic particle manipulation technology in engineering and biological fields and summarize and forecast the research progress of ultrasonic particle manipulation technology. We believe that this review will provide superior guidance for ultrasonic particle manipulation methods based on the study of micro and nano operations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuewei Wang
- College of Information Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102627, China; (S.W.)
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5
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Li S, Zhang X. Three-dimensional acoustic radiation force of a eukaryotic cell arbitrarily positioned in a Gaussian beam. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.1063/10.0016831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Expressions are derived for calculating the three-dimensional acoustic radiation force (ARF) on a multilayer microsphere positioned arbitrarily in a Gaussian beam. A theoretical model of a three-layer microsphere with a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus is established to study how particle geometry and position affect the three-dimensional ARF, and its results agree well with finite-element numerical results. The microsphere can be moved relative to the beam axis by changing its structure and position in the beam, and the axial ARF increases with increasing outer-shell thickness and core size. This study offers a theoretical foundation for selecting suitable parameters for manipulating a three-layer microsphere in a Gaussian beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
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6
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Varol R, Karavelioglu Z, Omeroglu S, Aydemir G, Karadag A, Meco HE, Demircali AA, Yilmaz A, Kocal GC, Gencoglan G, Oruc ME, Esmer GB, Basbinar Y, Ozdemir SK, Uvet H. Acousto-holographic reconstruction of whole-cell stiffness maps. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7351. [PMID: 36446776 PMCID: PMC9709086 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate assessment of cell stiffness distribution is essential due to the critical role of cell mechanobiology in regulation of vital cellular processes like proliferation, adhesion, migration, and motility. Stiffness provides critical information in understanding onset and progress of various diseases, including metastasis and differentiation of cancer. Atomic force microscopy and optical trapping set the gold standard in stiffness measurements. However, their widespread use has been hampered with long processing times, unreliable contact point determination, physical damage to cells, and unsuitability for multiple cell analysis. Here, we demonstrate a simple, fast, label-free, and high-resolution technique using acoustic stimulation and holographic imaging to reconstruct stiffness maps of single cells. We used this acousto-holographic method to determine stiffness maps of HCT116 and CTC-mimicking HCT116 cells and differentiate between them. Our system would enable widespread use of whole-cell stiffness measurements in clinical and research settings for cancer studies, disease modeling, drug testing, and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmetullah Varol
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, 34349, Turkey
- Universität der Bundeswehr München, Munich, 85577, Germany
| | - Zeynep Karavelioglu
- Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, 34220, Turkey
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Sevde Omeroglu
- Chemical Engineering Department, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey
| | - Gizem Aydemir
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, 34349, Turkey
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Aslihan Karadag
- Oncology Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, 35330, Turkey
| | - Hanife E Meco
- Oncology Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, 35330, Turkey
| | - Ali A Demircali
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, 34349, Turkey
- Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Abdurrahim Yilmaz
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, 34349, Turkey
| | - Gizem C Kocal
- Oncology Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, 35330, Turkey
| | - Gulsum Gencoglan
- Department of Dermatology, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34722, Turkey
| | - Muhammed E Oruc
- Chemical Engineering Department, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey
| | - Gokhan B Esmer
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Marmara University, Istanbul, 34722, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Basbinar
- Oncology Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, 35330, Turkey
| | - Sahin K Ozdemir
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Huseyin Uvet
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, 34349, Turkey.
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7
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Zhang Z, Ahmed D. Light-driven high-precision cell adhesion kinetics. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:266. [PMID: 36100594 PMCID: PMC9470670 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00963-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Existing single-cell adhesion kinetics methods are performed under conditions highly unlike the physiological cell adhesion conditions. Now, researchers have developed a new optical technique for high-precision measurement of cell lateral adhesion kinetics in complex clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhang
- Acoustic Robotics Systems Laboratory, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ahmed
- Acoustic Robotics Systems Laboratory, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803, Zurich, Switzerland.
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8
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Wang X, Wang Z, Yu C, Ge Z, Yang W. Advances in precise single-cell capture for analysis and biological applications. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:3047-3063. [PMID: 35946358 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00625a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cells are the basic structural and functional units of living organisms. However, conventional cell analysis only averages millions of cell populations, and some important information is lost. It is essential to quantitatively characterize the physiology and pathology of single-cell activities. Precise single-cell capture is an extremely challenging task during cell sample preparation. In this review, we summarize the category of technologies to capture single cells precisely with a focus on the latest development in the last five years. Each technology has its own set of benefits and specific challenges, which provide opportunities for researchers in different fields. Accordingly, we introduce the applications of captured single cells in cancer diagnosis, analysis of metabolism and secretion, and disease treatment. Finally, some perspectives are provided on the current development trends, future research directions, and challenges of single-cell capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Wang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Chang Yu
- College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Zhixing Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
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9
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Zeng Y, Hao J, Zhang J, Jiang L, Youn S, Lu G, Yan D, Kang H, Sun Y, Shung KK, Shen K, Zhou Q. Manipulation and Mechanical Deformation of Leukemia Cells by High-Frequency Ultrasound Single Beam. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; 69:1889-1897. [PMID: 35468061 PMCID: PMC9753557 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2022.3170074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound single-beam acoustic tweezer system has attracted increasing attention in the field of biomechanics. Cell biomechanics play a pivotal role in leukemia cell functions. To better understand and compare the cell mechanics of the leukemia cells, herein, we fabricated an acoustic tweezer system in-house connected with a 50-MHz high-frequency cylinder ultrasound transducer. Selected leukemia cells (Jurkat, K562, and MV-411 cells) were cultured, trapped, and manipulated by high-frequency ultrasound single beam, which was transmitted from the ultrasound transducer without contacting any cells. The relative deformability of each leukemia cell was measured, characterized, and compared, and the leukemia cell (Jurkat cell) gaining the highest deformability was highlighted. Our results demonstrate that the high-frequency ultrasound single beam can be utilized to manipulate and characterize leukemia cells, which can be applied to study potential mechanisms in the immune system and cell biomechanics in other cell types.
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10
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Automated estimation of cancer cell deformability with machine learning and acoustic trapping. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6891. [PMID: 35477742 PMCID: PMC9046201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10882-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell deformability is a useful feature for diagnosing various diseases (e.g., the invasiveness of cancer cells). Existing methods commonly inflict pressure on cells and observe changes in cell areas, diameters, or thickness according to the degree of pressure. Then, the Young’s moduli (i.e., a measure of deformability) of cells are estimated based on the assumption that the degrees of the changes are inversely proportional to Young’s moduli. However, manual measurements of the physical changes in cells are labor-intensive, and the subjectivity of the operators can intervene during this step, thereby causing considerable uncertainty. Further, because the shapes of cells are nonuniform, we cannot ensure the assumption for linear correlations of physical changes in cells with their deformability. Therefore, this study aims at measuring non-linear elastic moduli of live cells (degrees of cell deformability) automatically by employing conventional neural networks (CNN) and multilayer perceptrons (MLP) while preserving (or enhancing) the accuracy of the manual methods. First, we obtain photomicrographs of cells on multiple pressure levels using single-beam acoustic tweezers, and then, we suggest an image preprocessing method for emphasizing changes in cell areas on the photomicrographs. The CNN model is trained to measure the ratios of the cell area change at each pressure level. Then, we apply the multilayer perceptron (MLP) to learn the correlations of the cell area change ratios according to the pressure levels with cell deformability. The accuracy of the CNN was evaluated using two types of breast cancer cells: MDA-MB-231 (invasive) and MCF-7 (noninvasive). The MLP was assessed using five different beads (Young’s moduli from 0.214 to 9.235 kPa), which provides standardized reference data of the non-linear elastic moduli of live cells. Finally, we validated the practicality of the proposed system by examining whether the non-linear elastic moduli estimated by the proposed system can distinguish invasive breast cancer cells from noninvasive ones.
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11
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Quan Y, Fei C, Ren W, Wang L, Zhao J, Zhuang J, Zhao T, Li Z, Zheng C, Sun X, Zheng K, Wang Z, Ren MX, Niu G, Zhang N, Karaki T, Jiang Z, Wen L. Single-Beam Acoustic Tweezer Prepared by Lead-Free KNN-Based Textured Ceramics. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020175. [PMID: 35208301 PMCID: PMC8879455 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic tweezers for microparticle non-contact manipulation have attracted attention in the biomedical engineering field. The key components of acoustic tweezers are piezoelectric materials, which convert electrical energy to mechanical energy. The most widely used piezoelectric materials are lead-based materials. Because of the requirement of environmental protection, lead-free piezoelectric materials have been widely researched in past years. In our previous work, textured lead-free (K, Na)NbO3 (KNN)-based piezoelectric ceramics with high piezoelectric performance were prepared. In addition, the acoustic impedance of the KNN-based ceramics is lower than that of lead-based materials. The low acoustic impedance could improve the transmission efficiency of the mechanical energy between acoustic tweezers and water. In this work, acoustic tweezers were prepared to fill the gap between lead-free piezoelectric materials research and applications. The tweezers achieved 13 MHz center frequency and 89% −6 dB bandwidth. The −6 dB lateral and axial resolution of the tweezers were 195 μm and 114 μm, respectively. Furthermore, the map of acoustic pressure measurement and acoustic radiation calculation for the tweezers supported the trapping behavior for 100 μm diameter polystyrene microspheres. Moreover, the trapping and manipulation of the microspheres was achieved. These results suggest that the KNN-based acoustic tweezers have a great potential for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Quan
- School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (X.S.)
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.W.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (G.N.); (N.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Q.); (C.F.); (W.R.)
| | - Chunlong Fei
- School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (X.S.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Q.); (C.F.); (W.R.)
| | - Wei Ren
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.W.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (G.N.); (N.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Q.); (C.F.); (W.R.)
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.W.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (G.N.); (N.Z.)
| | - Jinyan Zhao
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.W.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (G.N.); (N.Z.)
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.W.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (G.N.); (N.Z.)
| | - Tianlong Zhao
- School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Zhaoxi Li
- School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Chenxi Zheng
- School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Xinhao Sun
- School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Kun Zheng
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.W.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (G.N.); (N.Z.)
| | - Zhe Wang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.W.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (G.N.); (N.Z.)
| | - Matthew Xinhu Ren
- Biology Program, Faculty of Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Gang Niu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.W.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (G.N.); (N.Z.)
| | - Nan Zhang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.W.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (G.N.); (N.Z.)
| | - Tomoaki Karaki
- Department of Intelligent Systems Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu 939-0398, Toyama, Japan;
| | - Zhishui Jiang
- Guangdong JC Technological Innovation Electronics Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526000, China; (Z.J.); (L.W.)
| | - Li Wen
- Guangdong JC Technological Innovation Electronics Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526000, China; (Z.J.); (L.W.)
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12
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Yoo J, Kim H, Kim Y, Lim HG, Kim HH. Collapse pressure measurement of single hollow glass microsphere using single-beam acoustic tweezer. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 82:105844. [PMID: 34965507 PMCID: PMC8799605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles are widely used in medical ultrasound imaging and drug delivery. Many studies have attempted to quantify the collapse pressure of microbubbles using methods that vary depending on the type and population of bubbles and the frequency band of the ultrasound. However, accurate measurement of collapse pressure is difficult as a result of non-acoustic pressure factors generated by physical and chemical reactions such as dissolution, cavitation, and interaction between bubbles. In this study, we developed a method for accurately measuring collapse pressure using only ultrasound pulse acoustic pressure. Under the proposed method, the collapse pressure of a single hollow glass microsphere (HGM) is measured using a high-frequency (20-40 MHz) single-beam acoustic tweezer (SBAT), thereby eliminating the influence of additional factors. Based on these measurements, the collapse pressure is derived as a function of the HGM size using the microspheres' true density. We also developed a method for estimating high-frequency acoustic pressure, whose measurement using current hydrophone equipment is complicated by limitations in the size of the active aperture. By recording the transmit voltage at the moment of collapse and referencing it against the corresponding pressure, it is possible to estimate the acoustic pressure at the given transmit condition. These results of this study suggest a method for quantifying high-frequency acoustic pressure, provide a potential reference for the characterization of bubble collapse pressure, and demonstrate the potential use of acoustic tweezers as a tool for measuring the elastic properties of particles/cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Yoo
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhee Kim
- Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonggeun Kim
- Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Gyun Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung Ham Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Choi G, Tang Z, Guan W. Microfluidic high-throughput single-cell mechanotyping: Devices and
applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/10.0006042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gihoon Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
USA
| | - Zifan Tang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
USA
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14
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Sharma V, Freedman KJ. Pressure-Biased Nanopores for Excluded Volume Metrology, Lipid Biomechanics, and Cell-Adhesion Rupturing. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17947-17958. [PMID: 34739757 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore sensing has been widely used in applications ranging from DNA sequencing to disease diagnosis. To improve these capabilities, pressure-biased nanopores have been explored in the past to-primarily-increase the residence time of the analyte inside the pore. Here, we studied the effect of pressure on the ability to accurately quantify the excluded volume which depends on the current drop magnitude produced by a single entity. Using the calibration standard, the inverse current drop (1/ΔI) decreases linearly with increasing pressure, while the dwell drop reduces exponentially. We therefore had to derive a pressure-corrected excluded volume equation to accurately assess the volume of translocating species under applied pressure. Moreover, a method to probe deformation in nanoliposomes and a single cell is developed as a result. We show that the soft nanoliposomes and even cells deform significantly under applied pressure which can be probed in terms of the shape factor which was introduced in the excluded volume equation. The proposed work has practical applications in mechanobiology, namely, assessing the stiffness and mechanical rigidity of liposomal drug carriers. Pressure-biased pores also enabled multiple observations of cell-cell aggregates as well as their subsequent rupture, potentially allowing for the study of microbial symbioses or pathogen recognition by the human immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu 181221, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Kevin J Freedman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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15
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Sheng JY, Mo C, Li GY, Zhao HC, Cao Y, Feng XQ. AFM-based indentation method for measuring the relaxation property of living cells. J Biomech 2021; 122:110444. [PMID: 33933864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Probing the mechanical properties of cells is critical for understanding their deformation behaviors and biological functions. Although some methods have been proposed to characterize the elastic properties of cells, it is still difficult to measure their time-dependent properties. This paper investigates the use of atomic force microscope (AFM) to determine the reduced relaxation modulus of cells. In principle, AFM is hard to perform an indentation relaxation test that requires a constant indenter displacement during load relaxation, whereas the real AFM indenter displacement usually varies with time during relaxation due to the relatively small bending stiffness of its cantilever. We investigate this issue through a combined theoretical, computational, and experimental effort. A protocol relying on the choice of appropriate cantilever bending stiffness is proposed to perform an AFM-based indentation relaxation test of cells, which enables the measurement of reduced relaxation modulus with high accuracy. This protocol is first validated by performing nanoindentation relaxation tests on a soft material and by comparing the results with those from independent measurements. Then indentation tests of cartilage cells are conducted to demonstrate this method in determining time-dependent properties of living cells. Finally, the change in the viscoelasticity of MCF-7 cells under hyperthermia is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yuan Sheng
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Chi Mo
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Guo-Yang Li
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Hu-Cheng Zhao
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yanping Cao
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Xi-Qiao Feng
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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16
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Nooranidoost M, Kumar R. Deformation of an Encapsulated Leukemia HL60 Cell through Sudden Contractions of a Microfluidic Channel. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12040355. [PMID: 33806208 PMCID: PMC8066202 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Migration of an encapsulated leukemia HL60 cell through sudden contractions in a capillary tube is investigated. An HL60 cell is initially encapsulated in a viscoelastic shell fluid. As the cell-laden droplet moves through the sudden contraction, shear stresses are experienced around the cell. These stresses along with the interfacial force and geometrical effects cause mechanical deformation which may result in cell death. A parametric study is done to investigate the effects of shell fluid relaxation time, encapsulating droplet size and contraction geometries on cell mechanical deformation. It is found that a large encapsulating droplet with a high relaxation time will undergo low cell mechanical deformation. In addition, the deformation is enhanced for capillary tubes with narrow and long contraction. This study can be useful to characterize cell deformation in constricted microcapillaries and to improve cell viability in bio-microfluidics.
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17
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Zhou Q, Zhang J, Ren X, Xu Z, Liu X. Acoustic trapping of particles using a Chinese taiji lens. ULTRASONICS 2021; 110:106262. [PMID: 33049475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2020.106262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Focused acoustic vortex (FAV) beams can trap particles in a contactless and non-destructive way and the method has thereby attracted much attention. In contrast to the traditional complex and expensive transducer array, we propose a fast and cheap method to generate FAV beams in water using an ultrasonic holographic lens engraved with the Chinese taiji pattern. This method can obtain high transmission efficiency, and hence the strong trapping force makes the particles trapped stably in a straight line. The formation of the FAV beams derives from a superposition of the spiral phase of a Laguerre Gaussian beam and the focusing phase. Because of the phase singularity of this beam, the intensity of the ultrasonic field on the beam axis is zero, thereby forming a strong gradient surround the beam axis. The trapping and manipulation of polystyrene particles with a radius of 150 μm is realized in the gradient field of the FAV beam. The proposed single beam acoustic trapping method does not depend on the reflector, making it more suitable for the manipulation of cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinxin Zhou
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering, Beijing 100854, China
| | - Xuemei Ren
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology, School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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18
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Guo X, Sun M, Yang Y, Xu H, Liu J, He S, Wang Y, Xu L, Pang W, Duan X. Controllable Cell Deformation Using Acoustic Streaming for Membrane Permeability Modulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002489. [PMID: 33552859 PMCID: PMC7856903 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic force loading platforms for controllable cell mechanical deformation play an essential role in modern cell technologies. Current systems require assistance from specific microstructures thus limiting the controllability and flexibility in cell shape modulation, and studies on real-time 3D cell morphology analysis are still absent. This article presents a novel platform based on acoustic streaming generated from a gigahertz device for cell shape control and real-time cell deformation analysis. Details in cell deformation and the restoration process are thoroughly studied on the platform, and cell behavior control at the microscale is successfully achieved by tuning the treating time, intensity, and wave form of the streaming. The application of this platform in cell membrane permeability modulation and analysis is also exploited. Based on the membrane reorganization during cell deformation, the effects of deformation extent and deformation patterns on membrane permeability to micro- and macromolecules are revealed. This technology has shown its unique superiorities in cell mechanical manipulation such as high flexibility, high accuracy, and pure fluid force operation, indicating its promising prospect as a reliable tool for cell property study and drug therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & InstrumentsTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Mengjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & InstrumentsTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & InstrumentsTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Huihui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & InstrumentsTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Ji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & InstrumentsTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Shan He
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & InstrumentsTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & InstrumentsTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Linyan Xu
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto‐electronics EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Wei Pang
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto‐electronics EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & InstrumentsTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
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19
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Peng X, He W, Xin F, Genin GM, Lu TJ. The acoustic radiation force of a focused ultrasound beam on a suspended eukaryotic cell. ULTRASONICS 2020; 108:106205. [PMID: 32615366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2020.106205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although ultrasound tools for manipulating and permeabilizing suspended cells have been available for nearly a century, accurate prediction of the distribution of acoustic radiation force (ARF) continues to be a challenge. We therefore developed an analytical model of the acoustic radiation force (ARF) generated by a focused Gaussian ultrasound beam incident on a eukaryotic cell immersed in an ideal fluid. The model had three layers corresponding to the nucleus, cytoplasm, and membrane, of a eukaryotic cell. We derived an exact expression for the ARF in relation to the geometrical and acoustic parameters of the model cell components. The mechanics of the cell membrane and nucleus, the relative width of the Gaussian beam, the size, position and aspect ratio of the cell had significant influence on the ARF. The model provides a theoretical basis for improved acoustic control of cell trapping, cell sorting, cell assembly, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, PR China; U.S. National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, and McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Wei He
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, PR China
| | - Fengxian Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials and Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
| | - Guy M Genin
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; U.S. National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, and McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, PR China; Nanjing Center for Multifunctional Lightweight Materials and Structures (MLMS), Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, PR China.
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20
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Mena SE, de Beer MP, McCormick J, Habibi N, Lahann J, Burns MA. Variable-height channels for microparticle characterization and display. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2510-2519. [PMID: 32530023 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00320d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing and isolating microparticles of different sizes is often desirable and essential for biological analysis. In this work, we present a new and straightforward technique to fabricate variable-height glass microchannels for size-based passive trapping of microparticles. The fabrication technique uses controlled non-uniform exposure to an etchant solution to create channels of arbitrary height that vary in a predetermined way from the inlet to the outlet. Channels that vary from 1 μm to over 20 μm in height along a length of approximately 6 cm are shown to effectively and reproducibly separate particles by size including particles whose diameters differ by less than 100 nm when the standard deviation in size is less than 0.66 μm. Additionally, healthy red blood cells and red blood cells chemically modified with glutaraldehyde to reduce their deformability were introduced into different channels. The healthy cells can flow into shallower heights, while the less deformable ones are trapped at deeper heights. The macroscopic visualization of microparticle separation in these devices in addition to their ease of use, simple fabrication, low cost, and small size suggest their viability in the final detection step of many bead-based assay protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Mena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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21
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Zhang P, Bachman H, Ozcelik A, Huang TJ. Acoustic Microfluidics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2020; 13:17-43. [PMID: 32531185 PMCID: PMC7415005 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-090919-102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic microfluidic devices are powerful tools that use sound waves to manipulate micro- or nanoscale objects or fluids in analytical chemistry and biomedicine. Their simple device designs, biocompatible and contactless operation, and label-free nature are all characteristics that make acoustic microfluidic devices ideal platforms for fundamental research, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Herein, we summarize the physical principles underlying acoustic microfluidics and review their applications, with particular emphasis on the manipulation of macromolecules, cells, particles, model organisms, and fluidic flows. We also present future goals of this technology in analytical chemistry and biomedical research, as well as challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA;
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA;
| | - Adem Ozcelik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09010, Turkey;
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA;
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22
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Lim HG, Liu HC, Yoon CW, Jung H, Kim MG, Yoon C, Kim HH, Shung KK. Investigation of cell mechanics using single-beam acoustic tweezers as a versatile tool for the diagnosis and treatment of highly invasive breast cancer cell lines: an in vitro study. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:39. [PMID: 34567652 PMCID: PMC8433385 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-0150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in diagnostic systems for metastatic cancer over the last few decades have played a significant role in providing patients with effective treatment by evaluating the characteristics of cancer cells. Despite the progress made in cancer prognosis, we still rely on the visual analysis of tissues or cells from histopathologists, where the subjectivity of traditional manual interpretation persists. This paper presents the development of a dual diagnosis and treatment tool using an in vitro acoustic tweezers platform with a 50 MHz ultrasonic transducer for label-free trapping and bursting of human breast cancer cells. For cancer cell detection and classification, the mechanical properties of a single cancer cell were quantified by single-beam acoustic tweezers (SBAT), a noncontact assessment tool using a focused acoustic beam. Cell-mimicking phantoms and agarose hydrogel spheres (AHSs) served to standardize the biomechanical characteristics of the cells. Based on the analytical comparison of deformability levels between the cells and the AHSs, the mechanical properties of the cells could be indirectly measured by interpolating the Young's moduli of the AHSs. As a result, the calculated Young's moduli, i.e., 1.527 kPa for MDA-MB-231 (highly invasive breast cancer cells), 2.650 kPa for MCF-7 (weakly invasive breast cancer cells), and 2.772 kPa for SKBR-3 (weakly invasive breast cancer cells), indicate that highly invasive cancer cells exhibited a lower Young's moduli than weakly invasive cells, which indicates a higher deformability of highly invasive cancer cells, leading to a higher metastasis rate. Single-cell treatment may also be carried out by bursting a highly invasive cell with high-intensity, focused ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Gyun Lim
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Hsiao-Chuan Liu
- NIH Resource Center for Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Chi Woo Yoon
- NIH Resource Center for Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Hayong Jung
- NIH Resource Center for Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Min Gon Kim
- NIH Resource Center for Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Changhan Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ham Kim
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - K. Kirk Shung
- NIH Resource Center for Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
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23
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Youn S, Lee K, Son J, Yang IH, Hwang JY. Fully-automatic deep learning-based analysis for determination of the invasiveness of breast cancer cells in an acoustic trap. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:2976-2995. [PMID: 32637236 PMCID: PMC7316006 DOI: 10.1364/boe.390558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A single-beam acoustic trapping technique has been shown to be very useful for determining the invasiveness of suspended breast cancer cells in an acoustic trap with a manual calcium analysis method. However, for the rapid translation of the technology into the clinic, the development of an efficient/accurate analytical method is needed. We, therefore, develop a fully-automatic deep learning-based calcium image analysis algorithm for determining the invasiveness of suspended breast cancer cells using a single-beam acoustic trapping system. The algorithm allows to segment cells, find trapped cells, and quantify their calcium changes over time. For better segmentation of calcium fluorescent cells even with vague boundaries, a novel deep learning architecture with multi-scale/multi-channel convolution operations (MM-Net) is devised and constructed by a target inversion training method. The MM-Net outperforms other deep learning models in the cell segmentation. Also, a detection/quantification algorithm is developed and implemented to automatically determine the invasiveness of a trapped cell. For the evaluation of the algorithm, it is applied to quantify the invasiveness of breast cancer cells. The results show that the algorithm offers similar performance to the manual calcium analysis method for determining the invasiveness of cancer cells, suggesting that it may serve as a novel tool to automatically determine the invasiveness of cancer cells with high-efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyeon Youn
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology,Department of Information and Communication Engineering, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myun, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
- S. Youn and K. Lee are equally contributed to this study
| | - Kyungsu Lee
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology,Department of Information and Communication Engineering, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myun, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
- S. Youn and K. Lee are equally contributed to this study
| | - Jeehoon Son
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology,Department of Information and Communication Engineering, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myun, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - In-Hwan Yang
- Kyonggi University, Department of Chemical Engineering, 154-42, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16227, South Korea
| | - Jae Youn Hwang
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology,Department of Information and Communication Engineering, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myun, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
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24
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Lim HG, Lee OJ, Shung KK, Kim JT, Kim HH. Classification of Breast Cancer Cells Using the Integration of High-Frequency Single-Beam Acoustic Tweezers and Convolutional Neural Networks. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051212. [PMID: 32408544 PMCID: PMC7281163 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-beam acoustic tweezers (SBAT) is a widely used trapping technique to manipulate microscopic particles or cells. Recently, the characterization of a single cancer cell using high-frequency (>30 MHz) SBAT has been reported to determine its invasiveness and metastatic potential. Investigation of cell elasticity and invasiveness is based on the deformability of cells under SBAT’s radiation forces, and in general, more physically deformed cells exhibit higher levels of invasiveness and therefore higher metastatic potential. However, previous imaging analysis to determine substantial differences in cell deformation, where the SBAT is turned ON or OFF, relies on the subjective observation that may vary and requires follow-up evaluations from experts. In this study, we propose an automatic and reliable cancer cell classification method based on SBAT and a convolutional neural network (CNN), which provides objective and accurate quantitative measurement results. We used a custom-designed 50 MHz SBAT transducer to obtain a series of images of deformed human breast cancer cells. CNN-based classification methods with data augmentation applied to collected images determined and validated the metastatic potential of cancer cells. As a result, with the selected optimizers, precision, and recall of the model were found to be greater than 0.95, which highly validates the classification performance of our integrated method. CNN-guided cancer cell deformation analysis using SBAT may be a promising alternative to current histological image analysis, and this pretrained model will significantly reduce the evaluation time for a larger population of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Gyun Lim
- Future IT Innovation Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (H.G.L.); (O.-J.L.)
| | - O-Joun Lee
- Future IT Innovation Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (H.G.L.); (O.-J.L.)
| | - K. Kirk Shung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Jin-Taek Kim
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-T.K.); (H.H.K.); Tel.: +82-54-279-8853 (J.-T.K.); +82-54-279-8864 (H.H.K.)
| | - Hyung Ham Kim
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-T.K.); (H.H.K.); Tel.: +82-54-279-8853 (J.-T.K.); +82-54-279-8864 (H.H.K.)
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25
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Liu HC, Gang EJ, Kim HN, Abdel-Azim N, Chen R, Abdel-Azim H, Shung KK, Kim YM. Integrin Antibody Decreases Deformability of Patient-Derived Pre-B Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells as Measured by High-Frequency Acoustic Tweezers. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2020; 39:589-595. [PMID: 31633840 PMCID: PMC7493593 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This article reports a study of cell mechanics in patient-derived (primary) B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cells treated with antibodies against integrins. Leukemia cell adhesion to stromal cells mediates chemotherapeutic drug resistance, also known as cell adhesion-mediated chemotherapeutic drug resistance. We have previously shown that antibodies against integrin α4 and α6 adhesion molecules can de-adhere ALL cells from stromal cells or counter-receptors. Because drug-resistant cells are more deformable, as evaluated by single-beam acoustic tweezers, we hypothesized that changes in cell mechanics might contribute to the de-adhesive effect of integrin-targeting antibodies. METHODS In this study, the deformability of primary pre-B ALL cells was evaluated by single-beam acoustic tweezers after treatments with the de-adhering antibody Tysabri or P5G10 against integrin α4 and α6 adhesion molecules. RESULTS We demonstrated that primary ALL cells treated with P5G10 expressed decreased deformability compared with immunoglobulin G1 -treated control cells (P < .05). Tysabri did not show an effect on deformability (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that decreased deformability is associated with an integrin α6 blockade. Further assessments of the functional roles of deformability and integrin blockades in B-ALL cell drug resistance and deformability, respectively, are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chuan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and National Institutes of Health Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood, and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eun Ji Gang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood, and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hye Na Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood, and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nour Abdel-Azim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood, and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ruimin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and National Institutes of Health Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hisham Abdel-Azim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood, and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - K Kirk Shung
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood, and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yong-Mi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood, and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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26
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Wang H, Qiao Y, Liu J, Jiang B, Zhang G, Zhang C, Liu X. Experimental study of the difference in deformation between normal and pathological, renal and bladder, cells induced by acoustic radiation force. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2020; 49:155-161. [PMID: 32006056 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-020-01422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that alterations in the mechanical properties of cells may be associated with the onset and progression of some forms of pathology. In this paper, an experimental study of two types of cells, renal (cancer) and bladder (cancer) cells, is described which used acoustic radiation force (ARF) generated by a high-frequency ultrasound focusing transducer and performed on the operating platform of an inverted light microscope. Comparing images of cancer cells with those of normal cells of the same kind, we find that the cancer cells are more prone to deform than normal cells of the same kind under the same ARF. In addition, cancer cells with higher malignancy are more deformable than those with lower malignancy. This means that the deformability of cells may be used to distinguish diseased cells from normal ones, and more aggressive cells from less aggressive ones, which may provide a more rapid and accurate method for clinical diagnosis of urological disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- School of Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yupei Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jiehui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Gutian Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaozhou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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27
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Lim HG, Kim HH, Yoon C, Shung KK. A One-Sided Acoustic Trap for Cell Immobilization Using 30-MHz Array Transducer. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2020; 67:167-172. [PMID: 31514129 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2019.2940239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological studies often involve the investigation of immobilized (or trapped) particles and cells. Various trapping methods without touching, such as optical, magnetic, and acoustic tweezers, have been developed to trap small particles. Here, we present the manipulation of a single cell or multiple cells using ultrasound-array-based single-beam acoustic tweezers (UA-SBATs). In SBATs, only a one-sided tightly focused acoustic beam produces a high acoustic gradient force-a mechanism that mirrors that of optical tweezers. As a result, targeted cells can be attracted to the beam center and immobilized within its trapping zone. Since an array transducer allows acoustic beam steering and scanning electronically instead of mechanical translation, it can manipulate cells more simply and quickly compared with single-element transducers, especially in biocompatible setup. In this experiment, a customized 30-MHz array transducer with an interdigitally bonded (IB) 2-2 piezocomposite was employed to immobilize MCF-12F cells. Cells were attracted to the center of the beam and laterally displaced with the array transducer without any damages to the cells. These findings suggest that UA-SBAT can be a promising tool for cell manipulation and may pave the way for exploring new biological applications.
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28
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Cacace T, Memmolo P, Villone MM, De Corato M, Mugnano M, Paturzo M, Ferraro P, Maffettone PL. Assembling and rotating erythrocyte aggregates by acoustofluidic pressure enabling full phase-contrast tomography. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3123-3132. [PMID: 31429851 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00629j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The combined use of ultrasound radiation and microfluidics is a promising tool for aiding the development of lab-on-a-chip devices. In this study, we show that the rotation of linear aggregates of micro-particles can be achieved under the action of acoustic field pressure. This novel manipulation is investigated by tracking polystyrene beads of different sizes through the 3D imaging features of digital holography (DH). From our analysis it is understood that the positioning of the micro-particles and their aggregations are associated with the effect of bulk acoustic radiation forces. The observed rotation is instead found to be compatible with the presence of acoustic streaming patterns as evidenced by our modelling and the resulting numerical simulation. Furthermore, the rotation frequency is shown to depend on the input voltage applied on the acoustic device. Finally, we demonstrate that we can take full advantage of such rotation by combining it with quantitative phase imaging of DH for a significant lab-on-a-chip biomedical application. In fact, we demonstrate that it is possible to put in rotation a linear aggregate of erythrocytes and rely on holographic imaging to achieve a full phase-contrast tomography of the aforementioned aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Cacace
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
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29
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Silva GT, Tian L, Franklin A, Wang X, Han X, Mann S, Drinkwater BW. Acoustic deformation for the extraction of mechanical properties of lipid vesicle populations. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:063002. [PMID: 31330730 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.063002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
We use an ultrasonic standing wave to simultaneously trap and deform thousands of soft lipid vesicles immersed in a liquid solution. In our device, acoustic radiation stresses comparable in magnitude to those generated in optical stretching devices are achieved over a spatial extent of more than ten acoustic wavelengths. We solve the acoustic scattering problem in the long-wavelength limit to obtain the radiation stress. The result is then combined with thin-shell elasticity theory to form expressions that relate the deformed geometry to the applied acoustic field intensity. Using observation of the deformed geometry and this model, we rapidly extract mechanical properties, such as the membrane Young's modulus, from populations of lipid vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauber T Silva
- Physical Acoustics Group, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Liangfei Tian
- Centre for Protolife Research and Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Franklin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, United Kingdom
| | - Xuejing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Stephen Mann
- Centre for Protolife Research and Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Bruce W Drinkwater
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, United Kingdom
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30
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Youn S, Choi JW, Lee JS, Kim J, Yang IH, Chang JH, Kim HC, Hwang JY. Acoustic Trapping Technique for Studying Calcium Response of a Suspended Breast Cancer Cell: Determination of Its Invasion Potentials. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2019; 66:737-746. [PMID: 30676954 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2019.2894662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A noncontact single-beam acoustic trapping technique has proven to be a promising tool for cell manipulation and characterization that provide essential knowledge for a variety of biomedical applications. Here, we investigated cell characteristics as to whether the calcium responses of suspended breast cancer cells to different acoustic trapping forces are related to their invasiveness. For this, we combined a single-beam acoustic trapping system with a 30-MHz press-focused lithium niobate ultrasound transducer and an epifluorescence microscope. Using the system, intracellular calcium changes of suspended MDA-MB-231 (highly invasive) and MCF-7 (weakly invasive) cells were monitored while trapping the cells at different acoustic pressures. The results showed that a single suspended breast cancer cell isolated by the acoustic microbeam behaved differently on the calcium elevation in response to changes in acoustic trapping force, depending on its invasiveness. In particular, the MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited higher calcium elevation than MCF-7 cells when each cell was trapped at low acoustic pressure. Based on these results, we believe that the single-beam acoustic trapping technique has high potential as an alternative tool for determining the degree of invasiveness of suspended breast cancer cells.
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31
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Baudoin M, Gerbedoen JC, Riaud A, Matar OB, Smagin N, Thomas JL. Folding a focalized acoustical vortex on a flat holographic transducer: Miniaturized selective acoustical tweezers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav1967. [PMID: 30993201 PMCID: PMC6461452 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Acoustical tweezers based on focalized acoustical vortices hold the promise of precise contactless manipulation of millimeter down to submicrometer particles, microorganisms, and cells with unprecedented combined selectivity and trapping force. Yet, the widespread dissemination of this technology has been hindered by severe limitations of current systems in terms of performance and/or miniaturization and integrability. Here, we unleash the potential of focalized acoustical vortices by developing the first flat, compact, paired single electrode focalized acoustical tweezers. These tweezers rely on spiraling transducers obtained by folding a spherical acoustical vortex on a flat piezoelectric substrate. We demonstrate the ability of these tweezers to grab and displace micrometric objects in a standard microfluidic environment with unique selectivity. The simplicity of this system and its scalability to higher frequencies open tremendous perspectives in microbiology, microrobotics, and microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Baudoin
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Université Polytechnique des Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, SATT Nord, IEMN, International laboratory LIA/LICS, F-59000 Lille, France
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jean-Claude Gerbedoen
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Université Polytechnique des Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, SATT Nord, IEMN, International laboratory LIA/LICS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Antoine Riaud
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, INSERM UMR-S1147, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Bou Matar
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Université Polytechnique des Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, SATT Nord, IEMN, International laboratory LIA/LICS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nikolay Smagin
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Université Polytechnique des Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, SATT Nord, IEMN, International laboratory LIA/LICS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Thomas
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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32
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Jiang ZQ, Wang YY, Yao J, Wu DJ, Liu XJ. Acoustic radiation forces on three-layered drug particles in focused Gaussian beams. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 145:1331. [PMID: 31067931 DOI: 10.1121/1.5093544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery by acoustic waves is a crucial technology for targeted therapy. Recently, a three-layered drug micro-particle was proposed and fabricated, the second shell of which greatly improves both the encapsulation of the drug and the flexibility in its release rate. In this work, the acoustic radiation force (ARF) of an acoustic focused Gaussian beam on a three-layered particle comprising an inner drug core (D), a middle layer of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), and an outer chitosan shell (CS) is investigated. A three-layered elastic shell (TES) mimics the D-PLGA-CS structure, and the acoustic scattering from and ARF of the D-PLGA-CS are studied using Mie theory. This paper focuses on how the geometry and acoustic parameters of the outer shell influence the ARF, finding that the Poisson's ratio of the outer shell affects the ARF more than does the density or Young's modulus. In addition, this paper finds that the choice of the inner drug has little effect on the ARF acting on the D-PLGA-CS particle. The present work may benefit the acoustic manipulation of both TESs and three-layered drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Qiu Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory on Opto-Electronic Technology, School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory on Opto-Electronic Technology, School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory on Opto-Electronic Technology, School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Da-Jian Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory on Opto-Electronic Technology, School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Department of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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33
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Fregin B, Czerwinski F, Biedenweg D, Girardo S, Gross S, Aurich K, Otto O. High-throughput single-cell rheology in complex samples by dynamic real-time deformability cytometry. Nat Commun 2019; 10:415. [PMID: 30679420 PMCID: PMC6346011 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In life sciences, the material properties of suspended cells have attained significance close to that of fluorescent markers but with the advantage of label-free and unbiased sample characterization. Until recently, cell rheological measurements were either limited by acquisition throughput, excessive post processing, or low-throughput real-time analysis. Real-time deformability cytometry expanded the application of mechanical cell assays to fast on-the-fly phenotyping of large sample sizes, but has been restricted to single material parameters as the Young's modulus. Here, we introduce dynamic real-time deformability cytometry for comprehensive cell rheological measurements at up to 100 cells per second. Utilizing Fourier decomposition, our microfluidic method is able to disentangle cell response to complex hydrodynamic stress distributions and to determine viscoelastic parameters independent of cell shape. We demonstrate the application of our technology for peripheral blood cells in whole blood samples including the discrimination of B- and CD4+ T-lymphocytes by cell rheological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Fregin
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Fabian Czerwinski
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Doreen Biedenweg
- Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 8, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Salvatore Girardo
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Gross
- Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 8, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V., Standort Greifswald, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Konstanze Aurich
- Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 8, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Oliver Otto
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V., Standort Greifswald, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
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Alam MK, Koomson E, Zou H, Yi C, Li CW, Xu T, Yang M. Recent advances in microfluidic technology for manipulation and analysis of biological cells (2007–2017). Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1044:29-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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35
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Liu HC, Gang EJ, Kim HN, Lim HG, Jung H, Chen R, Abdel-Azim H, Shung KK, Kim YM. Characterizing Deformability of Drug Resistant Patient-Derived Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Cells Using Acoustic Tweezers. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15708. [PMID: 30356155 PMCID: PMC6200731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of cell mechanics in cancer cells is a novel research area that has resulted in the identification of new mechanisms of therapy resistance. Single beam acoustic (SBA) tweezers are a promising technology for the quantification of the mechanical phenotype of cells. Our previous study showed that SBA tweezers can be used to quantify the deformability of adherent breast cancer cell lines. The physical properties of patient-derived (primary) pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells involved in chemotherapeutic resistance have not been widely investigated. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of analyzing primary pre-B ALL cells from four cases using SBA tweezers. ALL cells showed increased deformability with increasing acoustic pressure of the SBA tweezers. Moreover, ALL cells that are resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs were more deformable than were untreated ALL cells. We demonstrated that SBA tweezers can quantify the deformability of nonadherent leukemia cells and discriminate this mechanical phenotype in chemotherapy-resistant leukemia cells in a contact- and label-free manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chuan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Eun Ji Gang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Hye Na Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Hae Gyun Lim
- Department of Creative IT Engineering and Future IT Innovation Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayong Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Ruimin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Hisham Abdel-Azim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - K Kirk Shung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Yong-Mi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
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36
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Prieto ML, Firouzi K, Khuri-Yakub BT, Maduke M. Activation of Piezo1 but Not Na V1.2 Channels by Ultrasound at 43 MHz. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:1217-1232. [PMID: 29525457 PMCID: PMC5914535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) can modulate the electrical activity of the excitable tissues, but the mechanisms underlying this effect are not understood at the molecular level or in terms of the physical modality through which US exerts its effects. Here, we report an experimental system that allows for stable patch-clamp recording in the presence of US at 43 MHz, a frequency known to stimulate neural activity. We describe the effects of US on two ion channels proposed to be involved in the response of excitable cells to US: the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel and the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.2. Our patch-clamp recordings, together with finite-element simulations of acoustic field parameters indicate that Piezo1 channels are activated by continuous wave US at 43 MHz and 50 or 90 W/cm2 through cell membrane stress caused by acoustic streaming. NaV1.2 channels were not affected through this mechanism at these intensities, but their kinetics could be accelerated by US-induced heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Loynaz Prieto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kamyar Firouzi
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Merritt Maduke
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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37
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Jaiswal D, Cowley N, Bian Z, Zheng G, Claffey KP, Hoshino K. Stiffness analysis of 3D spheroids using microtweezers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188346. [PMID: 29166651 PMCID: PMC5699838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel mechanical characterization method that has directly measured the stiffness of cancer spheroids for the first time to our knowledge. Stiffness is known to be a key parameter that characterizes cancerous and normal cells. Atomic force microscopy or optical tweezers have been typically used for characterization of single cells with the measurable forces ranging from sub pN to a few hundred nN, which are not suitable for measurement of larger 3D cellular structures such as spheroids, whose mechanical characteristics have not been fully studied. Here, we developed microtweezers that measure forces from sub hundred nN to mN. The wide force range was achieved by the use of replaceable cantilevers fabricated from SU8, and brass. The chopstick-like motion of the two cantilevers facilitates easy handling of samples and microscopic observation for mechanical characterization. The cantilever bending was optically tracked to find the applied force and sample stiffness. The efficacy of the method was demonstrated through stiffness measurement of agarose pillars with known concentrations. Following the initial system evaluation with agarose, two cancerous (T47D and BT474) and one normal epithelial (MCF 10A) breast cell lines were used to conduct multi-cellular spheroid measurements to find Young’s moduli of 230, 420 and 1250 Pa for BT474, T47D, and MCF 10A, respectively. The results showed that BT474 and T47D spheroids are six and three times softer than epithelial MCF10A spheroids, respectively. Our method successfully characterized samples with wide range of Young’s modulus including agarose (25–100 kPa), spheroids of cancerous and non-malignant cells (190–200 μm, 230–1250 Pa) and collagenase-treated spheroids (215 μm, 130 Pa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Devina Jaiswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Norah Cowley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Zichao Bian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Guoan Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Kevin P. Claffey
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Kazunori Hoshino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Theoretically proposed optimal frequency for ultrasound induced cartilage restoration. Theor Biol Med Model 2017; 14:21. [PMID: 29132387 PMCID: PMC5684760 DOI: 10.1186/s12976-017-0067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Matching the frequency of the driving force to that of the system’s natural frequency of vibration results in greater amplitude response. Thus we hypothesize that applying ultrasound at the chondrocyte’s resonant frequency will result in greater deformation than applying similar ultrasound power at a frequency outside of the resonant bandwidth. Based on this resonant hypothesis, our group previously confirmed theoretically and experimentally that ultrasound stimulation of suspended chondrocytes at resonance (5 MHz) maximized gene expression of load inducible genes. However, this study was based on suspended chondrocytes. The resonant frequency of a chondrocyte does not only depend on the cell mass and intracellular stiffness, but also on the mechanical properties of the surrounding medium. An in vivo chondrocyte’s environment differs whether it be a blood clot (following microfracture), a hydrogel or the pericellular and extracellular matrices of the natural cartilage. All have distinct structures and compositions leading to different resonant frequencies. In this study, we present two theoretical models, the first model to understand the effects of the resonant frequency on the cellular deformation and the second to identify the optimal frequency range for clinical applications of ultrasound to enhance cartilage restoration. Results We showed that applying low-intensity ultrasound at the resonant frequency induced deformation equivalent to that experimentally calculated in previous studies at higher intensities and a 1 MHz frequency. Additionally, the resonant frequency of an in vivo chondrocyte in healthy conditions, osteoarthritic conditions, embedded in a blood clot and embedded in fibrin ranges from 3.5 − 4.8 MHz. Conclusion The main finding of this study is the theoretically proposed optimal frequency for clinical applications of therapeutic ultrasound induced cartilage restoration is 3.5 − 4.8 MHz (the resonant frequencies of in vivo chondrocytes). Application of ultrasound in this frequency range will maximize desired bioeffects.
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Cacace T, Paturzo M, Memmolo P, Vassalli M, Ferraro P, Fraldi M, Mensitieri G. Digital holography as 3D tracking tool for assessing acoustophoretic particle manipulation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:17746-17752. [PMID: 28789266 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.017746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The integration of digital holography (DH) imaging and the acoustic manipulation of micro-particles in a microfluidic environment is investigated. The ability of DH to provide efficient 3D tracking of particles inside a microfluidic channel is exploited to measure the position of multiple objects moving under the effect of stationary ultrasound pressure fields. The axial displacement provides a direct verification of the numerically computed positions of the standing wave's node, while the particles' transversal movement highlights the presence of nodes in the planar direction. Moreover, DH is used to follow the aggregation dynamics of trapped spheres in such nodes by using aggregation rate metrics.
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Lim HG, Shung KK. Quantification of Inter-Erythrocyte Forces with Ultra-High Frequency (410 MHz) Single Beam Acoustic Tweezer. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 45:2174-2183. [PMID: 28560553 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-017-1863-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Efforts on quantitative measurements of the interactive forces of red blood cells (RBC) have been pursued for many years in hopes of a better understanding of hemodynamics and blood rheology. In this paper, we report an approach based on an ultra-high frequency (410 MHz) single beam acoustic tweezer (SBAT) for quantitative measurements of inter-RBC forces at a single cell level. The trapping forces produced by this ultra-high frequency (UHF) SBAT can be quantitatively estimated with a micropipette. Since the focal beam diameter of the 410 MHz ultrasonic transducer used in this SBAT was only 6.5 micrometer (μm), which was smaller than that of a RBC (~7.5 μm), it was made possible to directly apply the beam to a single RBC and measure inter-RBC forces against the pre-calibrated acoustic trapping forces as another example of potential cellular applications of the SBAT. The magnitude of these forces was found to be 391.0 ± 86.4 pN. Finally, it is worth noting that unlike several other methods, this method does not require the measuring device to be in contact with the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Gyun Lim
- NIH Resource Center for Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, University Park, DRB 131, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - K Kirk Shung
- NIH Resource Center for Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, University Park, DRB 131, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
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Lee H, Kim H, Han H, Lee M, Lee S, Yoo H, Chang JH, Kim H. Microbubbles used for contrast enhanced ultrasound and theragnosis: a review of principles to applications. Biomed Eng Lett 2017; 7:59-69. [PMID: 30603152 PMCID: PMC6208473 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-017-0016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound was developed several decades ago as a useful imaging modality, and it became the second most popular diagnostic tool due to its non-invasiveness, real-time capabilities, and safety. Additionally, ultrasound has been used as a therapeutic tool with several therapeutic agents and in nanomedicine. Ultrasound imaging is often used to diagnose many types of cancers, including breast, stomach, and thyroid cancers. In addition, ultrasound-mediated therapy is used in cases of joint inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis. Microbubbles, when used as ultrasound contrast agents, can act as echo-enhancers and therapeutic agents, and they can play an essential role in ultrasound imaging and ultrasound-mediated therapy. Recently, various types of ultrasound contrast agents made of lipid, polymer, and protein shells have been used. Air, nitrogen, and perfluorocarbon are usually included in the core of the microbubbles to enhance ultrasound imaging, and therapeutic drugs are conjugated and loaded onto the surface or into the core of the microbubbles, depending on the purpose and properties of the substance. Many research groups have utilized ultrasound contrast agents to enhance the imaging signal in blood vessels or tissues and to overcome the blood-brain barrier or blood-retina barrier. These agents are also used to help treat diseases in various regions or systems of the body, such as the cardiovascular system, or as a cancer treatment. In addition, with the introduction of targeted moiety and multiple functional groups, ultrasound contrast agents are expected to have a potential future in ultrasound imaging and therapy. In this paper, we briefly review the principles of ultrasound and introduce the underlying theory, applications, limitations, and future perspectives of ultrasound contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hohyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Haemin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyounkoo Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Sunho Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Hongkeun Yoo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea
- Sogang Institute of Advanced Technology, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea
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Huang L, Bian S, Cheng Y, Shi G, Liu P, Ye X, Wang W. Microfluidics cell sample preparation for analysis: Advances in efficient cell enrichment and precise single cell capture. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:011501. [PMID: 28217240 PMCID: PMC5303167 DOI: 10.1063/1.4975666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Single cell analysis has received increasing attention recently in both academia and clinics, and there is an urgent need for effective upstream cell sample preparation. Two extremely challenging tasks in cell sample preparation-high-efficiency cell enrichment and precise single cell capture-have now entered into an era full of exciting technological advances, which are mostly enabled by microfluidics. In this review, we summarize the category of technologies that provide new solutions and creative insights into the two tasks of cell manipulation, with a focus on the latest development in the recent five years by highlighting the representative works. By doing so, we aim both to outline the framework and to showcase example applications of each task. In most cases for cell enrichment, we take circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as the target cells because of their research and clinical importance in cancer. For single cell capture, we review related technologies for many kinds of target cells because the technologies are supposed to be more universal to all cells rather than CTCs. Most of the mentioned technologies can be used for both cell enrichment and precise single cell capture. Each technology has its own advantages and specific challenges, which provide opportunities for researchers in their own area. Overall, these technologies have shown great promise and now evolve into real clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Shengtai Bian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Yinuo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Guanya Shi
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Xiongying Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
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